Mini Mahavyutpatti

A Mini Modern

Mahāvyutpatti

A Glossary of Tibetan-Sanskrit Terms for Translators

Third Edition, 2005

www.lotsawaschool.org

Lotsawa School www.lotsawaschool.org 2

A Mini Modern Mahāvyutpatti by Adam Pearcey

© Lotsawa School, 2005. All rights reserved.


Table of Contents

page NAMES 5 The Buddha 5 The Buddha’s Contemporaries 5 Places Buddha Visited 6 Five Buddhas 7 Eight Close Sons 7 Other Famous Bodhisattvas 8 Various Deities 8 Later Masters 9 Various Kings 11 Non-Buddhist Masters 11 Gods 11 Famous Mahāsiddhas and Tantric Masters 12 Eight Vidyādharas 13 Names and Places Associated with Guru Padamasambhava

13

SCHOOLS 14 Non-Buddhist 14 Hīnayāna Schools 15 Mahāyāna Schools 15 TEXTS 16 Three Piṭakas 16 Mahāyāna Sūtras 16 Mahāyāna Śāstras 16 Tantras 17 MISCELLANEOUS 19 Various Realms and Places 19 Categories of Prātimokṣa 19 Classes of beings 20 Four castes 20 Nine Yānas 21 Kāyas 21 Other Terms 21


Introduction This is a glossary of Tibetan-Sanskrit terms; it is not a dictionary, nor is it intended for the seasoned scholar, but rather for the Tibetan translator with little or no knowledge of the Sanskrit language. It is often preferable to give the name of a person, a place, a text or a technical term in its Sanskrit form, because this will be more familiar to an audience than the Tibetan. With this in mind, I have only included here words that a translator might need to know for an oral teaching. For example, I have included Akaniṣṭha, because it is quite well known by its Sanskrit name. Of course, you might choose to translate it into English, and many have done so, calling it ‘The Pinnacle’, ‘Above All’ and so on. Similarly, I have included only those texts whose Sanskrit titles are well known and which might be recognized by a general audience. Thus, you will find Gaṇḍhavyūha Sūtra, but not Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra. The former title has been translated into English in various ways, such as The Sūtra Arranged Like a Tree, but that is no more illuminating than the Sanskrit. The Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra on the other hand can be given in English as The Sūtra on the Application of Mindfulness and the audience will at least have some idea about its contents. I welcome any comments and suggestions for future editions.

Adam Pearcey [email protected] Pharping, Nepal, 2005


NAMES The Buddha /%ë0-Q,-7+<-

Bhagavān #í-)-0-

Gautama {:-/-

Jina »Ó̀ -*ß/-ý-

Śākyamuni +ë,-iá/-

Siddhārtha /+è-/9-#;è#<-ý-

Sugata +0-ý-)ë#-+!9-ýë-

Śvetaketu1 +è-/5Ü,-#;è#<-ý-

Tathāgata

The Buddha’s Contemporaries 0-þè<-+i-

(King) Ajātaśatru 0#ë,-0è+-6<-‚Ü,-

Anāthapiṇḍada (wealthy patron) ´¥,-+#7-/ë-

Ānanda (cousin) <ë9-0ë-nè$-/-

Aṅgulimāla 9Ü$-7.ß9-

Ārāḍa (teacher of dhyāna meditation) #6ß#<-%,-XÜ$-ýë-

(King) Bimbisāra 7¸¥,-ý-

Chanaka (charioteer) T<-eÜ,-

Devadatta (jealous cousin) <-72ì-0-

Gopā (wife) 7ë+-rá$-

Kāśyapa

1 The name of the tenth bhūmi bodhisattva in Tuṣita who would become Buddha Śākyamuni.


/W#<-Q,- Kaṇṭhaka (horse)

Kātyāyana

0ë7ß-7#:-bÜ-/ß Maudgalyāyana

€ç-7ná:-T-0ë- (Queen) Māyādevī (mother)

+#7-/ë- Nanda (cousin)

#<:-{:- Prasenajit (king of Śrāvasti)

…-#%,-73Ý,- Rāhula (son)

»Ó-9Ü7Ü-/ß- Śāriputra

ië-eÜ,-þè<- Śroṇa

9/-7eë9- Subhūti

:è#<-þè<-0- Sujātā

6<-#1$- (King) Śuddhodana (father)

:è#<-ý7Ü-U9-0- Sunakṣatra (cousin)

T#- ë+- Udraka (teacher of dhyāna meditation)

(è-/9-7"ë9- Upāli (monk who repeated the Vinaya)

i#<-73Ý,-0- Yaśodharā (wife)2

Places Buddha Visited {:-/ß-{:-eè+-`Ü-2:-

Jetavana <è9-þ7Ü-#,<-

Kapilavastu I-0&ë#-ië$-

Kuśinagara :ß± Ü-¹ÓÜ-

Lumbinī

2 According to some sources, Prince Siddhārtha took three principal wives, each with a retinue of twenty thousand handmaidens. The third wife’s name was Mṛgajā (Tib. ri dvags skyes).


0-#-Z- Magadha

,ê-9”-,- Nairañjanā (river)

þ-,9-/ß- Pāṭaliputra3

{:-ýë7Ü-"/- Rājagṛha (now called Rajgir)

0(,-ý9-8ë+- Śrāvastī

8$<-ý-%,- Vaiśālī

8ß:-/-9¡-−-<¡Ü- Vārāṇasī4

Five Buddhas5 0Ü-/þë+-ý-

Akṣobhya (vajra) 7ë+-+ý#-0è+-

Amitābha (padma) +ë,-8ë+-iá/-ý-

Amoghasiddhi (karma) 9Ü,-&è,-7e³$-#,<-

Ratnasambhava (ratna) F0-ý9-[$-03+-

Vairocana (tathāgata)

Eight Close Sons (nye ba’i sras brgyad) 7'0-+ý:-

Mañjuśrī ,-9<-#6Ü#<-

Avalokiteśvara d#-,-Eë-Bè-

Vajrapāṇi e0<-ý-

Maitreya ´¥,-·¦-/6$-ýë-

Samantabhadra …Ü/-ý-F0-<è:-

Nivāraṇaviṣkambhin

3 Also called dmar bu can in Tibetan. 4 Note also the spelling of Sārnāth. 5 Note that the expression “five dhyani buddhas” originates with Brian Hodgson (1800-1894) who heard the term used in Nepal, but it has no basis in any text.


,0-0"7Ü-XÜ$-ýë- Ākāśagarbha

<-8Ü-XÜ$-ýë- Kṣitigarbha

Other Famous Bodhisattvas D#-·¦-$ß-

Sadāprarudita lÜ-0è+-i#<-ý-

Vimalakīrti

Various Deities 0Ü-#8ë-/-

Acala 2é-+ý#-0è+-

Amitāyus <$<-{<- ,-

Buddhalocana 7"ë9-:ë-/+è-0&ë#-

Cakrasaṃvara +eÜ$<-d³#-0-

Dhātvīśvarī >è-!-3-ªÜ-

Ekajaṭī D-0iÜ,-

Hayagrīva `ê-Eë-Bè-

Hevajra 30-£-:-

Jambhala

{:-/-{-02ì- Jinasāgara

9Ü#<-eè+-0- Kurukullā

0#ë,-ýë- Mahākāla6

&è-0&ë#- Mahottara

0-0-!Ü- Māmakī

7'0-+e$<- Mañjughoṣa

6 Usually called simply mgon po in Tibetan rather than nag po chen po, which would be the literal translation of the Sanskrit.


ýV-7e³$-#,<- Padmasambhava

#ë<-+!9-0ë- Pāṇḍaravāsinī

;è<-9/-`Ü-.-9ë:-·¦-dÜ,-0- Prajñāpāramitā

´¥,-·¦-/6$-ýë- Samantabhadra

´¥,-·¦-/6$-0ë- Samantabhadrī

+0-2Ý#-…ë:-0- Samayatārā

+e$<-%,-0- Sarasvatī

…ë:-0- Tārā

F0-*ë<-r<- Vaiśravaṇa

Eë-Bè-7'Ü#<-eè+- Vajrabhairava

Eë-Bè-.ß9-ý- Vajrakīla / Vajrakīlaya

Eë-Bè-7&$- Vajradhara

Eë-Bè-<è0<-+ý7- Vajrasattva

Eë-Bè-.#-0ë- Vajravarāhī

Eë-Bè-F:-7eë9-0- Vajrayoginī

#;Ü,-Bè-#;è+- Yamāntaka

Later Masters7 7.#<-ý-T-

Āryadeva +ý7-/ë-

Āryaśūra8

7 It is very important to know that Tibetans seldom refer to great masters by their personal names alone without the addition of honorific titles. In the case of the great Indian masters the forms of these titles have almost become standardized so that, for example, Nāgārjuna is usually referred to as mgon po klu sgrub, Maitreya as rje btsun byams pa mgon po, Vasubandhu as slob dpon dbyigs gnyen, and so on. A full list of these is given elsewhere on the Lotsawa School site. 8 In Tibetan he is often called slob dpon dpa’ bo.


*ë#<-0è+- Asaṅga

D-+e$<- Aśvaghoṣa

:è#<-Q,-7eè+- Bhāvaviveka

<$<-{<-#<$-/- Buddhaguhya

<$<-{<-/þ$<- Buddhapālita

1u-#ë-0Ü,- Candragomin

w-/-i#<-ý- Candrakīrti

0&è-/7Ü-Zè- Daṃṣṭrasena

&ë<-`Ü-i#<-ý- Dharmakīrti

dë#<-`Ü-u$-ýë- Dignāga

09-0è-03+- Dīpaṃkara (Atīśa)

8ë,-),-7ë+- Guṇaprabha

<è$-#è-/6$-ýë- Haribhadra

8è-;è<-XÜ$-ýë- Jñānagarbha

ýV7Ü-$$-2±:- Kamalaśīla

e0<-ý-0#ë,-ýë- Maitreyanātha

tä-…å/- Nāgārjuna

…-#%,-73Ý,-/6$-ýë- Rāhulabhadra9

9Ü,-&è,-7e³$-#,<-5Ü-/- Ratnākaraśānti (also called Śāntipā)

{-02ì-‡Ü,- Sāgaramegha

9 Often identified with the tantric master Saraha, but according to Shechen Gyaltsab there were two masters by this name, the first being the Rāhula who was the son of Prince Siddhārtha, and the second, his student, went on to become the tantric siddha Saraha.


»Ó̀ -7ë+- Śākyaprabha

5Ü-/-72ì- Śāntarakṣita

5Ü-/-T- Śāntideva10

+ý:-]<- Śrīgupta

vë-ië<-/D,-ý- Sthiramati

#<è9-uÜ$-ý- Suvarṇadvīpa

+eÜ#-#(è,- Vasubandhu

F0-ië:-Zè- Vimuktisena11

lÜ-0è+-/;è<-#(è,- Vimalamitra

Six Ornaments (rgyan drug) Nāgārjuna, Āryadeva, Asaṅga, Vasubandhu, Dignāga and Dharmakīrti Two Supreme Ones (mchog gnyis) Śākyaprabha and Guṇaprabha Two Marvellous Ācāryas (rmad byung gi slob dpon gnyis) Śāntideva and Candragomin Various Kings {:-ýë-0$-ýë<-/´¥9-/-

Mahāsammata12 {:-ýë-gÜ-gÜ-

Kṛkrī13 f-$,-0è+-

Aśoka

Non-Buddhist Masters ?$-0Ü#-

Akṣapāda (Naiyāyika) #6è#-6,-

Kaṇāda (Vaiśeṣika)

10 Chr. Lindtner contends that the correct spelling is Śāntadeva. 11 Bhadanta Vimuktisena (Tib. btsun pa rnam grol sde) was a student of Ārya Vimuktisena (Tib. ‘phags pa rnam grol sde) and should not be confused with his more famous teacher. The correct spelling for Vimuktisena seems to be with the second ‘i’, but some texts have an ‘a’, thus Vimuktasena. 12 Said to be the first ever king. 13 A contemporary of the previous Buddha Kāśyapa famous for his prophetic dream, which predicted that the followers of Buddha Śākyamuni would divide into eighteen schools.


<è9-þ- Kapila (Sāṃkhya)

&±9-T©$-#Ü-/ß- Patañjali (Sūtra)

Gods 2$<-ý-

Brahmā /{-eÜ,-

Indra (lit. Śakra) a/-7'ß#-

Viṣṇu +/$-d³#-

Īśvara

Famous Mahāsiddhas and Tantric Masters ¬ë0-/Ü-=è-9ß-!-

Ḍombī Heruka lÜ:-/ß-ý-

Ghaṇṭapāda #ë-0-+è-4Ü-

Gomadevī {:-ýë->Üu-£à-)Ü-

(King) Indrabhūti14

{:-ýë-3- (King) Ja

8è-;è<-0+ë- Jñānasūtra

,#-ýë- ë+-ý- Kṛṣṇacārin

´¥-´¥-9¡-3- Kukkurāja

9ë:-ý7Ü-Eë-Bè- Lalitavajra

Vè#-ý7Ü-Eë-Bè- Līlavajra

0ê-jÜ-ý- Maitripā

¹Ó-9ë-ý- Nāropā

14 Some buddhist historians have identified several kings by the name of Indrabhūti, distinguishing them as the elder (chen po), the younger (chung ba) and even the intermediate (bar pa). Some historians believe the elder king may be the same person as King Ja.


<Üj-9-3- Siṃharāja

q¢Ü-<Üj- Śrīsiṃha

)Ü-:ë-ý- Tilopā

>ß-ý-9-3- Uparāja

/Ü-9ß-ý- Virūpa

Eight Vidyādharas Z-,-<î„Ü-)-

Dhanasaṃskṛta

œ×ò-03+- Hūṃkara

7'0-+ý:-/;è<-#(è,- Mañjuśrīmitra

¹Ó-µÓ-Jà-,- Nāgārjuna

m-£-=YÜ- Prabhāhasti

90-£à-µ¥ƒ- Rambuguhya

5Ü-/7Ü-XÜ$-ýë- Śāntigarbha

lÜ-0è+-/;è<-#(è,- Vimalamitra

Names and Places Associated with Guru Padmasambhava A-8/-uÜ$-

Cāmara Z-,-!ë-;-

Dhanakośa (place/lake in Oḍḍiyāṇa)

´Ó-:-<ÜKÜ- Kālasiddhi (consort)

0qÉ-9-/¡- Mandāravā (consort)

0-9-)Ü-!- Māratika (cave in Nepal)

>ë-{,- Oḍḍiyāna


7ë+-7&$-0- Prabhāvatī (ḍākinī, wife)

»Ó̀ -+è-4Ü- Śakyadevī (consort)


SCHOOLS Non-Buddhist +/$-d³#-ý

Aiśvara {:-/-ý-

Jaina {$-7.è,-ý-

Lokāyata (or Cārvāka) +cë+-ý-/-

Mīmāṃsaka #%è9-/ß-ý-

Nigrantha (or Digambara) 9Ü#<-ý-%,-ý-

Naiyāyika (or Nyāyika) i$<-%,-ý-

Sāṃkhya eè-o#-ý-

Vaiśeṣika a/-7'ß#-ý-

Vaiṣṇava

Some terms from the Sāṃkhya Philosophy: #1ì-/ë-

prakṛti þè<-/ß-

puruṣa

Three Guṇa (yon tan gsum): Eã:- rajas

0ß,-ý- tamas

XÜ$-Yë/<- sattva


Hīnayāna Schools *0<-%+-8ë+-ý9-‰-/-

Sarvāstivādin15 .:-&è,-ý-

Mahāsāṅghika #,<-/D,-ý-

Sthāvira 0$-ýë<-/´¥9-/-

Sammitīyā #,<-0-/ß-ý-

Vātsīputrīya

Philosophical Schools 0+ë-Zè-ý-

Sautrāntika eè-o#-‰-/-

Vaibhāśika

Mahāyāna Schools <è0<-10-ý-

Cittamātra F:-7eë9- ë+-ý-

Yogācāra +/ß-0-ý-

Mādhyamika 9$-{æ+-ý-

Svātantrika *:-7b²9-ý-

Prāsaṅgika

Three Essential Natures (trilakṣaṅa) ´¥,-/D#<-

parikalpita #5,-+/$-

paratantra 8ë$<-iá/-

pariniṣpanna

15 Mūla-sarvāstivādin, the lineage of monastic ordination that began in Tibet with Śāntarakṣita, is gzhi thams cad yod par smra ba.


TEXTS Three Piṭaka 7¸¥:-/-

vinaya 0+ë-Zè-

sūtra 0$ë,-ý-

abhidharma

Mahāyāna Sūtras .:-ýë-&è-

Avataṃsaka16 <-/%°-ý-

Daśabhūmika (part of the Avataṃsaka) Zë$-ýë-/!ë+-ý-

Gaṇḍhavyūha (part of the Avataṃsaka) {-&è9-9ë:-ý-

Lalitavistara :$-!9-#;è#<-ý-

Laṅkāvatāra f$-7+<-&è,-ýë-

Mahāparinirvāṇa +!ë,-0&ë#-/Iè#<-ý-

Ratnakūṭa +0-&ë<-ýV-+!9-ýë-

Saddharmapuṇḍarīka

)Ü$-73Ý,-{:-ýë- Samādhirāja17

+#ë$<-ý-$è<-7iè:- Saṃdhinirmocana

lÜ-0è+-i#<-ý<-/Y,-ý7Ü-0+ë- Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa

Mahāyāna Śāstras 0$ë,-ý-03ì+-

Abhidharmakośa 0$ë,-ý-´¥,-/·¦<-

Abhidharmasamuccaya 0$ë,-Dë#<-{,-

Abhisamayālaṃkāra

16 It is also known as snyan gyi dgongs rgyan. 17 It is also known as the Moon Lamp Sūtra (Skt. Candrapradīpa Sūtra, Tib. zla ba sgron me’i mdo)


e$-&±/-<è0<-+ý7Ü- ë+-ý-:-7'ß#-ý- Bodhicaryāvatāra

e$-&±/-<è0<-7iè:- Bodhicittavivaraṇa

/5Ü-/{-ý- Catuḥśataka

&ë<-&ë<-(Ü+-F0-7eè+- Dharmadharmatā-vibhaṅga

+/ß-0-{,- Madhyamālaṃkāra

+/ß-0-:-7'ß#-ý- Madhyamakāvatāra

+/ß-0*7-F0-7eè+- Madhyānta-vibhaṅga

0+ë-Zè-{,- Mahāyāna-sūtrālaṃkāra

+/ß-0-I-/-;è<-9/- Mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā

2+-0-´¥,-/·¦<- Pramāṇasamuccaya

2+-0-F0-7iè:- Pramāṇavarttika

2Ý#-#<:- Prasannapadā

9Ü,-&è,-nè$-/- Ratnāvalī

/y/-ý-´¥,-/·¦<- Śikṣāsamuccaya

/;è<-‡Ü$<- Suhṛllekha

Dë#-#è-7/9-/- Tarkajvāla

+è-"ë-,-(Ü+-/Z¨<-ý- Tattvasaṃgraha

{æ+-v-0- Uttaratantra

F0-/;+-9Ü#-ý- Vyākhyā-yukti

Tantras {æ+-/D#-#(Ü<-

Hevajra #<$-/-7¸¥<-ý-

Guhyasamāja


#<$-/-XÜ$-ýë- Guhyagarbha

¸¥<-`Ü-7"ë9-:ë- Kālacakra

7'0-+ý:-02,-/Bë+- Mañjuśrīnāmasaṃgīti


MISCELLANEOUS Various Realms and Places 0$ë,-+#7-

Abhirati 7ë#-0Ü,-

Akaniṣṭha 0,9-0è+-

Avīcī Y©#-ýë-/!ë+-ý-

Ghanavyūha 730-/ß7Ü-uÜ$-

Jambudvīpa ¹Ó-:èu-

Nālandā

/<Ü:-/-2:- Śītavana (charnel ground)

/+è-/-%,- Sukhāvatī

9Ü-9/- Sumeru

+#7-Q,- Tuṣita

Eë-Bè-#+,- Vajrāsana

F0-#,ë,-2±:- Vikramaśīla

Categories of Prātimokṣa18 +#è-yë$-

bhikṣu +#è-yë$-0-

bhikṣunī +#è-2±:-

śrāmaṇera (novice monk) +#è-2±:-0-

śrāmaṇerikā (female novice) +#è-yë/-0-

śikṣamānā +#è-/Xè,-

upāsaka

18 There are eight categories of Prātimokṣa, the eighth being the one-day vow (Tib. bsnyen gnas), which is upavāsa (masc.) or upavāsī (fem.) in Sanskrit.


+#è-/Xè,-0- upāsikā

Classes of beings T-0-8Ü,-

asura +ý7-/ë-

ḍāka 0"7-7ië-0-

ḍākinī T-

deva lÜ-6- gandharva

,0-0"7-QÜ$- garuḍa

0Ü70-%Ü- kinnara

iá:-/ß0- kumbhāṇḍa

/¸¥+- māra

tä- nāga

8Ü- #<- preta

rÜ,-ýë- rākṣasa

#,ë+-‚Ü,- yakṣa

Four castes (varṇa) o0-6è-9Ü#<-

brahmin {:-9Ü#<-

kṣatriya Bè7ß-9Ü#<-

vaiśya +0$<-9Ü#<-

śūdra (or kṣudra)


Nine Yānas (,-*ë<-`Ü-*è#-ý-

śrāvakayāna 9$-{:-bÜ-*è#-ý-

pratyekabuddhayāna e$-&±/-<è0<-+ý7Ü-*è#-ý-

bodhisattvayāna e-{æ+-`Ü-*è#-ý-

kriyātantra yāna ë+-{æ+-`Ü-*è#-ý-

caryātantra yāna19 F:-7eë9-{æ+-`Ü-*è#-ý-

yogatantra yāna F:-7eë9-&è,-ýë7Ü-*è#-ý-

mahāyoga yāna20 Bè<-<ß-F:-7eë9-bÜ-*è#-ý-

anuyoga yāna ;Ü,-·¦-F:-7eë9-bÜ-*è#-ý-

atiyoga yāna

Kāyas &ë<-U¨-

dharmakāya ‡å:-U¨-

nirmāṇakāya #6ß#<-U¨-

rūpakāya :ë$<- ë+-Jë#<-ý7Ü-U¨-

saṃbhogakāya $ë-/ë-(Ü+-U¨-

svabhāvikakāya

Other Terms +/$-/U¨9-

abhiṣeka :ß$-

āgama ´¥,-#5Ü-F0-;è<-

ālaya vijñāna

19 This is also called ubhaya (literally ‘both’) tantra because it combines the conduct of kriyā and the view of yoga tantra. 20 Note that these last three (i.e., Mahāyoga, Anuyoga and Atiyoga) are mostly referred to by the Sanskrit names even in Tibetan texts.


/¸¥+-IÜ- amṛta

v-,-0è+-ý7Ü-F:-7eë9-bÜ-{æ+- anuttarayoga-tantra

7.#<-ý- ārya

/+#- ātman

0-9Ü#-ý- avidyā

þè-0&è+- āyatana

*Ü#-:è- bindu

<- bhūmi

7"ë9-:ë<-€ç9-/7Ü-{:-ýë- cakravartin

#·¦0-0ë- caṇḍāli

¬-0-9ß- ḍāmaru

#6ß$<- dhāraṇī

&ë<-`Ü-+eÜ$<- dharmadhātu

&ë<-þë$- dharmapāla

&ë<-(Ü+- dharmatā

"0<- dhātu

/<0-#),- dhyāna

Z¨#-/W:- duḥkha

2ì#<-`Ü-7"ë9-:ë- gaṇacakra

*è#-+0,- hīnayāna

+/$-ýë- indriya

8è-;è<- jñāna


8è-;è<-<è0<-+ý7- jñānasattva

+#è-/7Ü-/;è<-#(è,- kalyāṇamitra

*ë+-.ë9- kapāla

"-¤î-#- khaṭvāṅga (trident)

.ß9-ý- kīla

(ë,-0ë$<- kleśa

d#-{-&è,-ýë- mahāmudrā

iá/-&è,- mahāsiddha

*è#-ý-&è,-ýë- mahāyāna

e0<-ý- maitrī

€ç-0- māyā

+`Ü:-7"ë9- maṇḍala

*9-ý- mokṣa

d#-{- mudrā

I- nāḍī

f-$,-:<-7+<-ý- nirvāṇa

ý¼Ü-)- paṇḍita

.-9ë:-·¦-dÜ,-ý- pāramitā

;è<-9/- prajñā

2+-0- pramāṇa

xä$- prāṇa

<ë-<ë9-*9-ý- prātimokṣa


Dè,-7oè:- pratītyasamutpāda

0&ë+-ý- pūjā

9%- rakta

l$-rë$- ṛṣi

…å/-*/<- sādhana

)Ü$-$è-73Ý,- samādhi

)Ü$-$è-73Ý,-<è0<-+ý7- samādhisattva

5Ü-#,<- śamatha

+0-2Ý#- samaya

+0-2Ý#-<è0<-+ý7- samayasattva

7"ë9-/- saṃsāra

+#è-7¸¥,- saṅgha

/Y,-/%ë<- śāstra

iá/-0*7- siddhānta

+$ë<-iá/- siddhi

.ß$-ýë- skandha

+#è-‚ë$- śramaṇa

(,-*ë<- śrāvaka

#,<-/D,- sthavira

0&ë+-Dè,- stūpa

/+è-#;è#<-XÜ$-ýë- sugatagarbha

/+è-/- sukha


Yë$-ýë-(Ü+- śūnyatā

$ë-/ë- svabhāva

+è-#;è#<-XÜ$-ýë- tathāgatagarbha

0ß-Yè#<-ý- tīrthika

Zè-[ë+-#<ß0- tripiṭaka

0,-$#- upadeśa

*/<- upāya

#1°#-)ë9- uṣṇīṣa

9Ü#-ý- vidyā

9Ü#-73Ý,- vidyādhara

F0-ý9-;è<-ý- vijñāna

T#-0*ë$- vipaśyanā

*è#-ý- yāna

F:-7eë9-ý- yogin

F:-7eë9-0- yoginī

+ý#-2+- yojana

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