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Mini-Magnetospheric PlasmaPropulsion (M2P2)
• R. M. Winglee, G. K. Parks, M. McCarthyGeophysics Program, Univ. of Washington
• J. Slough, T. ZiembaAeronautics and Astronautics, Uni. Of Washington
• J. BurchSouthwest Research Institute
• A. GoodsonBoeing Corporation
NIAC March 25, 1999
Mini-Magnetospheric PlasmaPropulsion (M2P2)
• Facilitate High Speed SpacecraftFor the Exploration of the Solar System and Beyond
• Enabling Technology Exists Todayto attain 50-80 km/s in 3 month accel. period
• Immediate Return to NASA Missions- Interstellar Probe Precusor
race Voyager 1 out of the Solar System - Geostorm - Solar Wind Monitoring- Sun Synchronous Orbiter - Mercury Orbiter
Standoff Distance : 10 m Inner Radius
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07Bcoil (nT)
Stan
doff
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
0 tilt45 tiltextrapolationSimple Dipole
105
104
103
102
101
103 104 105 106 107
Bcoil (nT)
Stan
doff
Dis
tanc
e (m
)(Solar Wind - 500 km/s @ 6 particles/cc)
10
1
.1
.01
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Resistojet
ElectrothermalArcjet
MPD
Ion
M2P2
Specific Impulse (sec)
Thru
st (N
)
PottingMaterial
Quartz Tube(5 cm OD)
Helicon Source Coil
Stainless Enclosure forHelicon Source
Gas Feed Thru
Copper Housing CoilConnections
Magnetic Coil(25 cm OD)
Quartz End Plug
M2P2 Lab. Prototype
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01Force from Plasma Source (mN)
Forc
e ex
erte
d by
Sol
ar W
ind
(mN
)
0 tilt - Radial45 tilt - Radial45 tilt - AzimuthExtrapolate - RadialExtrapolate - Azimuth
10-210-310-4 10-1 100 101
Force from Plasma Source (mN)
10-1
100
101
102
103
10-2Forc
e Ex
erte
d by
Sol
ar W
ind
(mN
) 0.6 N per 100 kg 50 km/s in 3 months
M2P2 : 1 mN Expended : 400 mN For Acceleration
M2P2 Near Future Solar Sails (e.g Geostorm)15- 30 km
40 - 70 m
4.7 uN/m2Momentum Flux : 1 nN/m2
Total Force : 0.6 -3 N 0.025 - 0.075 N
Weigh : 20 - 40 kg 100 kg
Power : 3 kW 0 W
Method : Electromagnetic Mechanical
InterstellarWind
Heliopause : End of the Plasma Solar System
TerminationShock:SubsonicSolar Wind
Solar Wind
Voyager 1:Launched 1978
Formation of a Magnetic WallSupersonic Solar Wind(400 - 1000 km/s)
Streamlines
&
Contours ofdensity
Magnetic Wall
•15 - 30 km radius
•Electromagnetic-Plasma Interaction
•Not Mechanical
•Constant Force Surface
Creating A Mini-Magnetosphere
SpacecraftMagneticField
Sola
r Win
d
IMF Bow Shock
PlasmaInjection
Magnetic Field + Plasma Injection = Strong Solar WindCoupling
Dipole : B ~ R-3
Current Sheet : B ~ R -1
Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma PropulsionHeliconPlasmaSources
MagneticCoil
PropellantStorage
• STRONG COUPLING throughPlasma Injection + Magnetic Fieldto the Solar Wind (400 - 1000 km/s)
Azimuthal : Inner Solar SystemRadial : Outer Solar System
• Constant Force is attainedirrespective of position in the Solar System
• Enabling Technology Exists
Status of Present Work-Completed computer simulations showing feasibility-Lab. Prototype fully designed and being constructed
Near-Future-Demonstrate magnetic wall inflation
Small Tank (factor of 2)Large Tank (factor of 10)
-Specify spacecraft mission for proof of principlegoal of 50-80 km/s in 3 months-Facilitate exploration of outer solar system
Long Term
- Constant power supply for 1 yr allow 200-320 km/s
-Utilization of Dusty Plasma would allow propulsion by Solar Photons without the need for mechanical struts with unprecedented area to attain 10,000 km/s