MINI GUIDE BOOK

TOUR OF CASSINO

Location

Status Italy

Region Lazio

Province Frosinone

Territory

Coordinates 41 ° 29'30 "N 13 ° 50'00 "ECoordinates : 41 ° 29'30 "N 13 °50'00 "E ( Map )

Altitude 40 m s.lm

Surface 83.42 km²

Inhabitants 35913[1]

(31-12-2014)

Density 430.51 inhab. / km²

Fractions Caira, Monte Cassino, San Cesareo, San Michele, San Pasquale, Sant'Angelo in Theodice , St. Anthony, St. Bartholomew

CASSINOSecond city of the province by population, (35 913 inhabitants) Cassino

lies at the foot of the hill on which stands the famous Abbey of

Montecassino, in a historically strategic communication between the

center and the south of Italy. Almost totally destroyed by bombing of the 2

world war it was rebuilt after the war. The hill, composed of geological

material compact, does not retain the atmospheric water, which flows

largely in the valley, giving rise to the headwaters of the river Gari through

the city and that, after about a kilometer, near the so-called Therme

varroniane , it joins the Rapid. Not far from the city center, the Gari flows

into the Liri which becomes the River Garigliano ; due to this abundance of

waters, in the flat, in the past, there were swampy areas. Remarkable is

the importance of location: Cassino is well connected to the Guelf of

Gaeta and the National Park of Abruzzo , always crossed by important

roads joining Rome to Naples and the rest of South Italy.

VARRO THERMAE

The “VarroThermae ” are a beautiful natural park near the sumptuous

villa that once belonged to Varro . They are located in the area of the

territory of Cassino called Monticello , at the train station. The area

is ranked as the largest in Italy. From here gush thousands of

sources that generate one of the branches of the river Gari. It is

estimated that the flow is of 18 cubic meters per hour. The

temperature of the water is 13 degrees. The waters, classified as

"medium-mineral bicarbonate cold“, are diuretic and suitable for

various gastric disorders, kidney and liver, as well as to relieve

gout.The park is now home to an establishment hydropinic,

conference-banquet hall, the concert area and the international

campsite, equipped with picnic area and sports activities. The

streams are rich in wildlife such as trout , carp , eels and lampreys .

HISTORIALE OF CASSINOThe Historiale of Cassino was made on the occasion of the 60th

anniversary of the Battle of Montecassino.It arose with the intention to

honor all the fallen of all nations who sacrificed themselves for the

triumph of peace and freedom. The museum was visited by about

thousands of people, including school children, veterans and tourists

of all nationalities. The museum complex is in a very nice environment

that has spaces reserved for exhibitions and thematic exhibitions.

Some of the major persons from the

"Battle of Monte Cassino" displayed

at the Historical Museum of Cassino

Some of the World War II weapons

displayed at the Historical Museum of Cassino.

WAR CEMETERY

Cassino War Cemetery is a military cemetery in Cassino (FR)

where lie the countries of Commonwealth soldiers who fell in

the battle of Monte Cassino during the Second World War.

There are 4,266 graves of soldiers from UK , Canada,

Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India and Pakistan and a

Red Army soldier. 284 of these soldiers have not been

identified.

CASINUM

The archaeological park is located at the foot of Monte Cassino. The

area includes the remains of Casinum , the ancient Roman city that was

divided into a series of terraces crossed by parallel roads. The

archaeological park includes a path through which we observe the

megalithic walls, the door bell, the substructures, the amphitheater, the

so-called mausoleum Ummidia Quadratilla, the theater, the

nymphaeum.

CASINUM REMAINS

ANCIENT STONE WALLS

ROMAN AMPHITHEATREThe Roman amphitheater was built by the matron Ummidia

Quadratilla in the first century. C. The structure is elliptical in

shape with the diameter of the largest side of about 85 meters

and the smaller side which reaches a size of 69 meters. It could

accommodate about 4500 spectators. The neighborhood located

at the foot of the amphitheater, because of the presence of the

latter, is called "Colosseum".

ROMAN THEATRE

The Roman Theatre dates back to the Augustan Age. It has the typical

pattern of greek-roman theatre, semi-circular with twenty steps. They

are divided into a Summa auditorium that includes seven steps and a

Imma auditorium thirteen steps. Completely forgotten in the Middle

Ages, it was brought to light only in 1936 and was the subject of

restoration around the fifties and again in 2001. It has a capacity of

about 3000 seats and is still used in the summer for numerous events

and cultural activities, which shows, concerts, open-air cinema. The

theater is located at the intersection of Cross Street and Via Monte

Cassino.

Mausoleum “Ummidia Quadratilla”

The powerful structure was built with large square blocks , held

together only by clips of lead inside, it has withstood the ravages

of time, earthquakes and, finally, to the fury of war, without

suffering substantial damage. The origins of the building are

certainly obscure. Many scholars attribute the mausoleum to the

the Roman matron Ummidia Quadratilla.

Statue of St. Benedict

It is an imposing bronze work of the

sculptor Roman Giuseppe Ducrot . About

three and a half meters high and placed

on a huge stone base, was placed in the

city in 2009 during the visit of Pope

Benedict XVI. It has recently been placed

in the round of access to the north of the

city and the land of St. Benedict .

baron De Rosa Palace

The palace, located in Di Blasio near Via Monte Cassino, is the

only building remained standing despite the bombing that

destroyed the city. Its construction dates back to the early

nineteenth century and belonged to the family of Baron De Rosa,

a Neapolitan entrepreneur who before returning to his home town

sold the building to two families of Cassino. After the war was

fully restored because of the damage he had suffered and used

as a home to offices and schools.

MONTECASSINO ABBEYFounded by St. Benedict of Norcia in the year 529, it is the most famous

monastery in Christendom. It located which rises up to 520 m above sea

level on a hill overlooking the town of Cassino. The monastery, which has

suffered four destructions throughout its history, is known throughout the

world for the last, which took place February 15, 1944, when it was totally

destroyed by Allied bombing. It was rebuilt after the war "as it was, where

it was" and returned to its original grandeur, is visited by pilgrims from

around the world.

Cloister of S. BenedictMain steps

Polish cemetery

It is situated in a hollow behind the hill where the abbey stands. It

was built by the Polish soldiers and opened in September 1945. It

gathers the remains of the Polish soldiers who fought heroically

at Monte Cassino in May 1944, the general Anders who wanted to be

buried there among his soldiers and the military chaplain. Every May

18 is organized a commemorative day where you collect the remaining

survivors, their families and representatives of Polish institutions.

Rocca JanulaIts name stands for the "small door", although, according to other interpretations, the name derives from the Latin divinity Janus "protector of the doors." The fortress was only accessible from the west side through the road then it continues towards Monte Cassino , a feature that confirms that its construction was linked exclusively to the defense of what was once the land of St. Benedict ..Severely damaged, as well as the entire city of Cassino , during the bombing of 1944 , in recent times has been almost completely restored by the Ministry of Culture. The fortress is indeed visible to the public for the first time since the war.

The Monument to peace The sculpture, by the artist Umberto Mastroianni , opened in 1987.It is located not far from Rocca Janula where, consequently the recovery of the fortress, would rise Peace Park. In Cassino there is also a second reproduction of the sculpture that is located in the square XV in February, in the city center. The monument, made of steel, weighs about 100 tons, is made from tubular elements that, starting from a central core, invade the surrounding space. It addresses the tragedy of the destruction of Cassino and its ancient abbey, proposing not the effects of the battle - ruins, fallen or the despair of those who remain - but the cause, which is, after all, the primary core of every modern war conflict : the explosion of a bomb.

VILLA COMUNALE

The town recreation park renamed XV March 1944 (date of the destruction of Cassino), it is the main public park of the city. It has large green areas and it is crossed by two branches of the river Gari which create the suggestive pond. It features tree-lined streets, benches and children'play areas and it is very popular with people of all ages. Also hosts sporting and cultural events. In August 2011, the wide main park was dedicated to Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino , while all avenues have been dedicated to the bodyguards killed in the mafia attacks of Capaci and Via D'Amelio, 1992 The intent was to remember daily the teaching received by these men and respect for those who died to defend the state and the idea of justice. The Villa is in the center of Cassino. The main entrance is located on Corso della Repubblica. The other access is from Via Arigni, Via Gari and Via Di Blasio.

Monument to Enrico TotiLocated in the central square, Enrico Toti ,

the monument consists of a bronze statue

depicting the ultimate gesture in which,

the Italian hero of World War I, already

wounded, hurls toward the enemy crutch,

just before being shot to death , August 6,

1916 at Monfalcone . The statue, by the

sculptor Egidio Ambrosetti Anagni, seals

that red blood that binds the City Martyr to

Enrico Toti: not only because this is the

origin of his family (his father Nicholas

was a railwayman in Cassino), but mostly

because they both touched the honor and

the pain of knowing in the highest degree

the devastation, the dead, the horrors of

war.

Palagio Badiale

The palace is located in Badiale Court

Square. It was rebuilt after the war by

the architect Joseph Breccia

Fratadocchi, who also supervised the

reconstruction of the abbey and the

church of St. Scolastica using the same

limestone . The construction was

completed in 1951. Today it houses the

curia of Montecassino. In the week

preceeding the day of St. Benedict, it

hosts numerous events that culminate

on March 21 with the historical pageant

"Terra Sancti Benedicti", which begins

and ends in the building.

Lavoro realizzato dalla scuola Di Biasio di

Cassino

BRUNI CHIARA

BRUNI SARA

3^C