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7/28/2019 Mini Atlas March 2013b
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1 LLTECH 2011
LLTech
LightCT Scanner
Atlas of images
March 2013
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BREAST AND LYMPH NODES
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Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
Enlarged lobule
Duct with necrosis
Histology and LightCT images reveal the enlarged abnormal lobules and ducts characteristic of DCIS
Assayag et al, TCRT Express 2013 (in press)
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100m
Highly scattering
thin trabeculae
aspect: fibrous
tissue in the
tumourous part
Grainy medium
scattering aspect:
healthy fibrous
tissue
Invasive adenocarcinoma: nodular tumor
Interface of the tumourous and normal
appearing part :
Grey zones corresponding to foci
of carcinomatous cells
Tumour margin
500m
500m
Courtesy of Hpital Tenon, Paris, France
Assayag et al, TCRT Express 2013 (in press)
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Nodules containing
lymphoid tissue
Normal Sentinel Node
Adipocytes in hilum
Capsule Grieve et al Proc SPIE 2013
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Lymphoid zone
Invaded zone
Invaded Sentinel Node
Bright white aspect,
highly scattering dense
collagen meshwork
Grieve et al Proc SPIE 2013
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Pre-clinical study statistics
75 breast samples were imaged with LightCT and compared with histology
Blinded analysis by two pathlogists lead to sensitivity of 94% and 90 % and specificity of 75%
and 79% respectively
45 sentinel nodes were imaged with LightCT and compared with histology
Blinded analysis by one pathologist lead to sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 90% Second look analysis of the data set lead to sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%
Conclusions:
Sensitivity and specificity of LightCT images approach histology and can surpass frozen
section analysis
There is a learning curve for pathologists to correctly read LightCT images
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BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
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Neuron cell bodies (dark dots)
Axons/myelin fibers
Capillary
Cortex
White matter
Axon bundles
LightCT imaging of human epileptic brain and cerebellum identifies myelinated
axon fibers, a subpopulation of neuronal cell bodies and CNS vasculature.
Varlet et al 2013(submitted)
50 m
50 m
80 m
500 m
50 m
80 m
50 m
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CA4 field
Hippocampal sulcus
Alveus
Sub-Ependymal
zone
CA1 field of the cornus ammonis
Stratum radiatus
of the CA1 field
Stratum granulosum of the dentate gyrus
Pyramidal neurons of the CA4 field
responsible for memory
Hippocampus: Coronal section (left side)
900 m
40 m
40 m
80 m
80 m
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Choroid Plexus Papilloma : Xanthomatous changes
Characteristic cauliflower-like masses
Empty papilla
Papilla filled with blood
Single layer of plexus cellsRare (0.5%) benign tumors
Diagnosis possible directly on FF-OCT imageVarlet et al 2013 (submitted)
50 m
50 m
20 m150 m
50 m
50 m
20 m
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LightCT images allow the distinction of meningiomas
from meningeal haemangiopericytoma
Collagen bundles
Whorls
Calcification
Collagen balls
Meningioma psammoma diagnosis possible directly on FF-OCT image
80% of meningiomas are benign.
Histologically, meningioma cells are relatively uniform, with a tendency to encircle one another, forming
whorls and psammoma bodies (laminated calcific concretions). They have a tendency to calcify and are
highly vascularized. Areas of fibrosis may be present.Varlet et al 2013 (submitted)
50 m
10 m
10 m500 m
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DERMATOLOGY AND COSMETICS
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Epidermis
Collagen
Pilosebaceous
unit
Sweat gland
Adipocytes
b
a
c
e
d
500 m
Normal skin morphology: vertical section
Dalimier and Salomon Dermatology 224, 84-92 (2012)
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Skin vertical reconstruction from en-face slicing for
layers assesment and measurement
Stratum corneum
Stratum spinosum
Dermis
Papillary melanin capsBV: Blood vessels
BV
BVBV
KNKN KN
KN: Keratinocyte nuclei
50 m
50 m
Stratum corneum
Stratum spinosum
Dermis
Keratinocyte nuclei
Normal skin
Skin model
Dalimier and Salomon Dermatology 224, 84-92 (2012)
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3D reconstruction from en-face slicing
Wrinkle Stratum corneum Stratum spinosum
Epidermis
800 m x 800 m
Dermis
Dermal papilla Collagen
800 m x 800 m
Epidermis and dermis separated by sodium bromide
Blood vessel
50 m
Reconstructed vertical slice
50 m
Reconstructed vertical slice
Dalimier and Salomon Dermatology 224, 84-92 (2012)
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Adipocytes
9 m depth 27 m depth 60 m depth
Reconstructed
depth slice
200 m
50 m
200 m 200 m
Dalimier and Salomon Dermatology 224, 84-92 (2012)
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Skin pathologies: basal cell carcinoma discrimination
at structural level
Dense peritumoral stroma
Dalimier and Salomon Dermatology 224, 84-92 (2012)
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Zoom on basal cell carcinoma:
discrimination at cellular level
200 m
100 m
Peritumoral stroma
High cell density
Courtesy of Hopitaux Universitaires de Genve, Genve, Switzerland
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CORNEA
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Surface epithelium Intermediary epithelium Basal epithelium
Bowmans layer Stromal keratocytes Endothelial cells
Cross sectional view En face views
Normal human cornea
100 m 100 m
LightCT imaging reveals the structures of normal cornea: epithelium, Bowmans layer, stroma, Descemets membrane,
and endothelium.
Use of LightCT in Eye Banks would allow graft cornea integrity to be assessed prior to transplant.Current practice examines only the epithelial surface and endothelial cells under a traditional specular microscope.
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Subepithelial fibrosis
Intraepithelial edema
LightCT cross section LightCT en face
Cornea with bullous keratopathy
Sub-epithelial
fibrosis
Optovue OCT in vivo on patientHistology
Histology, conventional OCT and Light CT views of the same region are compared.
The improvement in resolution with LightCT compared to conventional OCT is appreciated.
Pathological areas of subepithelial fibrosis and intraepithelial edema are identified.
Bowmans layer is clearly visible under the area of fibrosis.
150 m 150 m 100 m
Ghouali et alARVO (2013)
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PROSTATE
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1 mm
Human prostatic glands with hyperplasia
Courtesy of Hpital Tenon, Paris, France
100 m
Histology of a similar gland (different sample)
Zoom on gland
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3D imaging of glands
Stack of 150 images with 1 m step
50 m
50 m
50 m
sagittal
coronal
oblique
Sagittal reconstruction
Coronal reconstruction
Oblique reconstruction
Courtesy of Hpital Tenon, Paris, France
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Tumorous glands
200 m
Courtesy of Hpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Conclusion
Full-field OCT does not require tissue preparation, nor staining of any kind
Creates images within minutes using a non-destructive process
Offers a 1 m cellular resolution in 3D
Reveals structural and cellular information of normal and pathological tissue Mosaicing allows fast visualisation at various scales
En-face high-resolution imaging allows vertical and 3D reconstruction
Possible applications for biobanking, cancer detection, digital pathology
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Contacts
LLTech, Inc.
103 Carnegie Center Drive
Suite 300
Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Phone: +1 609 995 3506
LLTech
Ppinire Paris Sant Cochin
29 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques
75014 Paris
Phone: +33 1 82 72 61 25
www.lltechimaging.com