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MINERALS• WHAT ARE THEY??
MINERALS
• The basic materials of the earth’s crust.
• The “building blocks” of rocks
• Thousands are known
• But only about 20 are common in the crust – these are the rock-forming minerals.
WHAT MAKES SOMETHING A MINERAL??
1) Must be “inorganic” – not made from living (or once-living) things.
2) Must occur naturally (not made by people).
3) Must be a solid, “crystalline” material.4) Must have a “definite chemical
composition”.
4 THINGS NEEDED:
For example – Here’s a piece of granite rock, and the three minerals that it is made of.
SO – WHICH OF THESE ARE MINERALS?
CONCRETE GOLD COAL
STEEL SALT (HALITE) OIL
SO – WHICH OF THESE ARE MINERALS?
CONCRETE GOLD COAL
STEEL SALT (HALITE) OIL
NO!! YES!! NO!!
NO!!YES!! NO!!
TWO MAIN GROUPS OF MINERALS1) SILICATES (96%)
Contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O), plus other elements, usually
2) NON-SILICATES (4%)
6 major groups – see pp. 158-159silver gypsum
pyrite
quartz mica feldspar
USES OF MINERALS WE IDENTIFIED
# MINERAL FORMULA USES/NOTES
1 Muscovite Mica KAl2Si3O10(OH)2 Insulator, used for windows in olden days
2 Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Cement, limestone
3 Biotite Mica K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2
(approximate)Insulator
4 Halite NaCl Salt5 Calcite CaCO3 Main limestone
ingredient
6 PbS for lead7 Gypsum CaSO4 Wallboard
8 Graphite C Pencils, lubricant
USES OF MINERALS WE IDENTIFIED
9 Quartz SiO2 Glass manuf., electrical equipment
10 Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Used in paper production, baby powder
11 Magnetite Fe3O4 Ore for iron
12 Plagioclase Feldspar
(Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si2O8 Glass, ceramics
13 Hematite Fe2O3 Ore for iron
14 Orthoclase Feldspar
KAlSi3O8 Ceramics, very common
15 Pyrite FeS2 “Fools Gold”, ore for sulfur