Minerals

ResourcesLecture: 2009, Dr. Sylvia Kehoe, UW—River Falls

Textbook: The Veterinary Technician’s Pocket Partner, Marisa BauerResources

Walter J. TaylorAgricultural Educator and Co-FFA Advisor

Plymouth Comprehensive High School

www.consumer-supply.com

Learning Targets

• Identify the functions of various macro and micro minerals in animal nutrition.

• Describe the symptoms of an animal’s body given a toxicity or deficiency of a mineral.

Minerals• TBA

Minerals• TBA

Helpful Abbreviat ions

• Abbreviations– Y = Young– C = Cattle– Ch = Chickens– H = Humans– S = Swine– Sh = Sheep– T = Turkeys– A = Adults

Minerals• Macro minerals

– Calcium: • Rickets, osteoporosis, poor growth (A); muscle cramps, convulsions (H)

– Phosphorus: • Rickets (Y), osteoporosis (A), anorexia, pica, low fertility

– Magnesium: • anorexia, poor productivity, tetany (A); weak crooked legs (S)

– Potassium: • Muscular weakness, paralysis (H); abnormal electrocardiograms, unsteady gait, weakness,

pica (A)– Sodium:

• Anorexia, muscle cramps, mental apathy (H); dehydrated appearance, craving for salt, weight loss (A)

– Chlorine:• Depressed growth

– Sulfur:• Reduced gain or loss of weight (C, Sh); loss of wool (Sh)

Minerals• Micro (Trace) minerals

– Chromium:• Impaired ability to metabolize glucose

– Cobalt:• Primarily ruminants; symptoms similar to cobalamin emaciation anemia,

fatty degeneration of the liver– Copper:

• Anemia; when coupled with high Mo and/or sulfate, swayback or enzootic neonatal ataxia, loss of pigment in hair or wool (C and Sh); bone abnormalities, cardiovascular lesions, reduced egg production reproductive failure

– Flourine:• Excessive tooth decay (H)

– Iron:• Anemia and associated poor productivity, very common in young pigs

Minerals• Micro (Trace) minerals

– Manganese:• Lameness and shortening and bowing of the legs, enlarged joints (Y); perosis (YCh

and YT); reduced egg shell thickness (ACh and T); weakness, poor sense of balance; crooked calf disease (C), poor fertility (C)

– Molybdenum• Reduced growth rates (not very common)

– Nickel:• Prenatal mortality, unthriftiness, decreased growth rate (YCh, T, YS)

– Selenium:• Nutritional muscular dystrophy (Y), exudative diathesis (YCh, T); liver necrosis (YS);

heart failure (YC); retained placenta (AC)– Zinc:

• Poor growth, anorexia, parakeratotic lesions on head, neck, belly and legs (C, Sh, S); perosis, abnormal feathering (YCh, T); poor testicular development, slow wound healing (H, other species)