MINERAL GROUPS

CHAP 5 SECTION 4

MINERAL GROUPS

SILICATES – MAKE UP OVER 90 % OF ALL 4000 MINERALS

CARBONATES SULFIDES OXIDES SULFATES HALIDES NATIVE MINERALS

SILICATES

SILICA TETRAHEDRON

SILICATES

QUARTZ – SiO2 2ND MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL, HARDEST COMMON MINERAL (7)

FELDSPARS – MOST COMMON MINERAL FAMILY – 3 THINGS IN COMMON - HARDNESS 6, CLEAVAGE IN TWO PLANES AND PEARLY LUSTER

ORTHOCLASE – POTASSIUM / PINK PLAGIOCLASE – SODIUM / CALCIUM VARIES IN

COLOR

QUARTZ

ORTHOCLASE

PLAGIOCLASE

SILICATES

MICAS – EXCELLENT CLEAVAGE IN ONE PLANE

BIOTITE – DARK COLORED MUSCOVITE – LIGHT COLORED

TALC – SOFTEST MINERAL (1), SOAPY TEXTURE

TALC

BIOTITE

MUSCOVITE

FERROMAGNESIAN SILICATES

CONTAIN IRON AND MAGNESIUM AND ARE ALWAYS DARK IN COLOR

PYROXENE FAMILY – AUGITE AMPHIBOLE FAMILY – HORNEBLEND

OLIVINE AND KAOLINITE

FERROMAGNESIAN SILICATES

AUGITE HORNEBLENDE

OTHER SILICATES

OLIVINE KAOLINITE

CARBONATES

CALCITE – CaCO3 MOST COMMON CARBONATE, REACTS TO ACID TEST

ICELANDIC SPAR – DOUBLE REFRACTION

DOLOMITE

MALACHITE AND AZURITE – COPPER CARBONATES

CARBONATES

CALCITE DOLOMITE

AZURITEMALACHITE

OXIDES AND SULFIDES

HEMATITE – FE2O3 MAJOR IRON ORE

MAGNATITE – FE3O4 MAGNETIC OR A MAGNET

PYRITE – FeS2 MOST COMMON SULFUR MINERAL “FOOLS GOLD”

GALENA – LEAD SULFIDE

OXIDES AND SULFIDES

HEMATITE MAGNETITE

PYRITE GALENA