Dr. Stephen HardcastleResearch Scientist Ventilation Specialist

Natural Resources Canada

Mining & Mineral Sciences Laboratory, Sudbury

Mine Ventilation Design & PlanningMine Ventilation Mine Ventilation

Design & PlanningDesign & Planning

Today’s PresentersToday’s PresentersToday’s Presenters

Marco Marco BiffiBiffi -- CSIR MiningtekCSIR MiningtekHeat ConsiderationsHeat Considerations

Bart Gilbert Bart Gilbert -- AlphairAlphair Ventilating SystemsVentilating SystemsFans basics and their selectionFans basics and their selection

Bernt Ivarson Bernt Ivarson -- ROCVENTROCVENTAuxiliary duct designAuxiliary duct design

BrentBrent RubeliRubeli -- CANMET MMSLCANMET MMSLDiesel requirementsDiesel requirements

CharlesCharles KocsisKocsis -- CANMET MMSLCANMET MMSLHelping with modelling componentHelping with modelling component

•• Subsurface Ventilation & Environmental Engineering, Subsurface Ventilation & Environmental Engineering, Malcolm J. McPherson, Chapman & Hall ISBN 0Malcolm J. McPherson, Chapman & Hall ISBN 0--412412--3530035300--88

•• Mine Ventilation & Air Conditioning, HowardMine Ventilation & Air Conditioning, Howard HartmannHartmann,,KreigerKreiger,ISBN 0,ISBN 0--8946489464--471471--88

•• Environmental Engineering in South African Mines,Environmental Engineering in South African Mines,MVSSAMVSSA,Cape &,Cape & TransvalTransval, ISBN 0, ISBN 0--620620--0625806258--44

•• Data Handbook,Data Handbook, MVSSAMVSSA

Recommended Reading & Reference Texts

Recommended Reading & Recommended Reading & Reference TextsReference Texts

ENVIRONENVIRON--MENTMENT

HEALTHHEALTHCOSTCOST

Mine Ventilation PlanningMine Ventilation PlanningMine Ventilation Planning

HEALTHHEALTHCOSTCOST

Air QualityAir QualityAir Quality- Particulates-- ParticulatesParticulates- Gases-- GasesGases

Diesel EmissionsDiesel EmissionsDiesel Emissions- Soot (DPM)-- Soot (Soot (DPMDPM))- Gases (No2)-- Gases (Gases (NoNo22))

Regulations (TLVs)Regulations (Regulations (TLVsTLVs))- MSHA 0.16mg/m3 TC-- MSHAMSHA 0.0.16mg16mg/m/m33 TCTC- Europe 0.2ppm NO`2-- Europe 0.Europe 0.2ppm 2ppm NO`NO`22

Health & SafetyHealth & SafetyHealth & Safety

VENT.C. AIR

OTHER

VENT.C. AIR

OTHER

Cost EffectivenessCost EffectivenessCost Effectiveness

Power DemandPower DemandPower Demand- Cubic Of Quantity-- Cubic Of QuantityCubic Of Quantity- Linear To Resist.-- Linear To Resist.Linear To Resist.

Quantity DemandQuantity DemandQuantity Demand- Leakage / Age-- Leakage / AgeLeakage / Age- New Regulations-- New RegulationsNew Regulations

Power ConsumptionPower ConsumptionPower Consumption- 40% U/g Electricity-- 40% U/g Electricity40% U/g Electricity- Heating & Cooling-- Heating & CoolingHeating & Cooling

Global EnvironmentGlobalGlobal EnvironmentEnvironment

HeatingHeatingHeating- Direct GHGs-- Direct Direct GHGsGHGs- Function Of Quantity-- Function Of QuantityFunction Of Quantity

Fuel ConsumptionFuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption- DIRECT GHGs-- DIRECT DIRECT GHGsGHGs- Dictates Quantity-- Dictates QuantityDictates Quantity

Electricity GenerationElectricity GenerationElectricity Generation- Indirect GHGs-- Indirect Indirect GHGsGHGs- Coal / Oil / Gas-- Coal / Oil / GasCoal / Oil / Gas

Energy Demand / GHG ProductionEnergy Demand / Energy Demand / GHGGHG ProductionProduction199019901990 199519951995 202020202020 AGR%AGRAGR%%

96.696.6PJPJ 133.7133.7PJPJ 198.1198.1PJPJ 2.4%2.4%

4.4.8282MMtt 12.12.7171MMtt 3.3%3.3%3.3.9393MMtt 5.5.2121MMtt 6.6.3535MMtt 1.6%1.6%

Energy DemandEnergy DemandEnergy Demand

GHG Emissions CO2GHGGHG EmissionsEmissions COCO22

Kyoto, 1997Kyoto, 1997Kyoto, 19972010GHG2010GHGs =s = 1990GHG1990GHGs s -- 3%3%2015GHG2015GHGs =s = 1990GHG1990GHGs s -- 8%8%

Polaris MinePolaris Mine

Nanisivik MineNanisivik Mine75th Parallel75th Parallel

Arctic CircleArctic Circle

North PoleNorth Pole

Baffin IslandBaffin Island

Nanisivik Mine -Lateral Zn/Ag DepositOperating 22 Years750km North of Arctic Circle

Design ExampleDesign Design ExampleExample

Conveyorway28 m3/s

01/02/09/SZ Portals38 m3/s

39N Portal14 m3/s

88N Portal

28 m3/s

Shale Hill Dvlpmnt 14 m3/s

Dyke

Lower Ore Zone

West Ramp35 m3/s

33 m3/s

31 m3/s 9 m3/s

17N Portal123 m3/s

94 m3/s 80 m3/s 42 m3/s

32-77 Vent Rse 38 m3/s

Main Ore Zone

27-70 Vent Rse 40 m3/s

24-66 Mnwy Rse 19 m3/s

Generalized Flow SchematicGeneralized Flow SchematicGeneralized Flow Schematic

Insufficient Volume For FleetInsufficient Volume For FleetInsufficient Volume For Fleet

123 m3/s

Ineffective Volume - Split 4 WaysIneffective Volume Ineffective Volume -- Split 4 WaysSplit 4 Ways

123 m3/s123 m123 m33/s/s

10-20 m

3.6 km120 m

Ineffective Volume - Blast Clearance

Ineffective Volume Ineffective Volume -- Blast Blast ClearanceClearance

A 35 tonne haulage truck next to a 20m high pillar

A 35 tonne haulage truck next to a A 35 tonne haulage truck next to a 20m high pillar20m high pillar

Underground Cavern At NanisivikUnderground Cavern At Underground Cavern At NanisivikNanisivik

9 m3/s

32-77 Vent Rse 38 m3/s

Main Ore Zone

Lower Ore Zone

27-70 Vent Rse 40 m3/s

Secondary Fans Stagnant AreasSecondary Fans Secondary Fans Stagnant AreasStagnant Areas

Compressor Room Fire Mine Wide Contamination

Compressor Room Fire Compressor Room Fire Mine Wide ContaminationMine Wide Contamination

Seasonal Variations Strong Natural VentilationSeasonal Variations Seasonal Variations Strong Natural VentilationStrong Natural Ventilation

Lower Ore Zone

Main Ore Zone

-40°C

-12°C

Main Ore Zone

Lower Ore Zone

+15°C

-12°C

Wind Effects At PortalsWind Effects At PortalsWind Effects At Portals123 m3/s

Low Pressure/Resistance System Double Handling of Air

Low Pressure/Resistance System Low Pressure/Resistance System Double Handling of AirDouble Handling of Air

Primary Fans

Secondary Fans

And Uncontrolled RecirculationAnd Uncontrolled And Uncontrolled RecirculationRecirculation

On-Site Electricity Generation Fan Limitations

OnOn--Site Electricity Generation Site Electricity Generation Fan LimitationsFan Limitations

? ?

Summer Thaw Roof Falls & Ice Formations

Summer Thaw Summer Thaw Roof Falls & Ice FormationsRoof Falls & Ice Formations

+15°C+15°C

-12°C

-12°C

Primary Fans

Secondary Raise Fans

RR

Survey Findings Shock Losses & 1 Resistance

Survey Findings Survey Findings Shock Losses & 1 ResistanceShock Losses & 1 Resistance

Primary flow through small entry, round bend, 4th fan ineffective.

Secondary flow through raises, fans discharge into large cross section.

Current fan portal had the highest Current fan portal had the highest resistanceresistanceRoute incurred significant shock lossesRoute incurred significant shock lossesImpact of compressor room fireImpact of compressor room fireAny gain divided between 4 splitsAny gain divided between 4 splitsUpgrading these fans would reduce power Upgrading these fans would reduce power available for secondary and auxiliary fansavailable for secondary and auxiliary fans

Redesign Considerations #1 - Same Layout, Larger Fans

Redesign Considerations Redesign Considerations #1 #1 -- Same Layout, Larger FansSame Layout, Larger Fans

Through ventilation reduces split to 2Through ventilation reduces split to 2Regulation required in larger Main Ore zoneRegulation required in larger Main Ore zoneTwo fan systems needed for east endTwo fan systems needed for east endExcessive cabling needed to east endExcessive cabling needed to east endMore portal doors for west end systemMore portal doors for west end systemAvoid thawing at west end if exhaustAvoid thawing at west end if exhaustFinal system adopted west exhaust fansFinal system adopted west exhaust fans

Redesign Considerations #2 - New Layout, Same Fans

Redesign Considerations Redesign Considerations #2 #2 -- New Layout, Same FansNew Layout, Same Fans

Lower Ore Zone

Main Ore Zone

Lower Ore Zone

Main Ore ZoneNN

SS

AfterAfter--blast reblast re--entry times have been entry times have been dramatically reduceddramatically reduced

Results - Better than anticipatedResults Results -- Better than anticipatedBetter than anticipated

No secondary fans reduced total fan No secondary fans reduced total fan motor size requirement by 45% and motor size requirement by 45% and consequently power demand.consequently power demand.

Increased volume & utilization have Increased volume & utilization have improved diesel fume dilutionimproved diesel fume dilution

Through ventilation increased total Through ventilation increased total flowsflows by 20%, and individual flows by by 20%, and individual flows by >100%>100%

Results - Better than anticipatedResults Results -- Better than anticipatedBetter than anticipated“Dead Zones” in the system have “Dead Zones” in the system have been eliminatedbeen eliminated

No secondary fans removes double No secondary fans removes double handling & uncontrolled handling & uncontrolled recirculationrecirculation

A compressor room fire will now A compressor room fire will now have minimal effect have minimal effect

Seasonal & wind effects are no Seasonal & wind effects are no longer a concernlonger a concern