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Mine Emergency Risk, Readiness,
and Training
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Jeffery H. Kravitz, PhD, MBA, PE
President, JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Topics to Discuss
• Share the team’s five year journey
• Discuss the “facilitated-assessment approach”
• Present Sample of Select Assessments
• Demonstrate the value of Comparative Assessments
• Share reaction of mine managers/participants
• MERD Training
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Purpose of the Facilitated-Assessment Models
Identify the risks associated with your mine and methods to
prevent major mine emergencies,
Assess the preparedness of your mine to respond to a major
mine emergency,
Assess the readiness of your rescue teams, and
Assess the readiness of responsible/competent persons to
execute your emergency plan.
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Low Frequency / High Consequence Events
Risk Understanding
How likelyis it?
What cango wrong?
What arethe impacts?
Foundation for Risk AssessmentHistorical
experienceAnalyticalmethods
Knowledgeand intuition
Risk Non-Adversarial = Frequency x ConsequenceRisk Adversarial = [Threat x Vulnerability] x Consequence
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
The Four Assessment Models
Risk Assessment
Preparedness Assessment
Mine Rescue Team Readiness
Responsible/Competent Person Readiness
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Broad Mining Industry Participation
Our Approach – A Different Environment
In an inspection environment…..
Everyone hopes that the inspector doesn’t find problems
In an assessment environment…..
Everyone is looking for unaddressed problems to highlight
and correct
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Assessment Criteria
Meeting the Factors
Not meeting the factors, making progress
Not meeting the factors
top priority for management
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Assessment Tool to Collect Data
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The Assessment Process
Step 4: Develop
Action Plan
• Document what you plan to do to move towards “Green’
Step 3: Explain the
Score
• Document why you could not score “Green”
Step 2: Assign a
Score
• Green
• Yellow
• Red
Step 1: Review
Criteria and Factors
• Questions to Frame Your Thoughts
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Summary Results – Mine 1
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Summary Results – Mine 2
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Summary Results – Mine 3
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Summary Results – Mine 4
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Comments from Participants
• It is definitely a huge value to our industry
• Made us think about things that have been taken for granted
• Helped us develop a good action item list of best practices to lead continuous
improvement in risk mitigation and preparedness
• Produced new understanding and insights about our preparedness to
further reduce risk
• We were able to engage our team on substance with each other.
• I will share this process with our sister mines as well as our competitors locally
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
More Feedback
• This workshop allowed for everyone’s input, which was really useful.
• I like the way the final report is laid out – It prioritizes action items and takes
the focus away from a final score
• Benefit: This can be used as a checklist for critical issues within the mine
• The tool and the process are easy to use – we will be able to reassess our
progress later and demonstrate continuous improvement
• This workshop increased our overall self-awareness. Tremendous asset to
limit risk and reduce insurance costs
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Comparative Results – Risk Assessment
Date 5/6/2014 4/1/2015 6/24/2014 3/10/2015 10/1/2014 2/24/2015 9/1/2015 4/5/2016 11/11/2015 10/6/2015
MINE SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT Mine 1a Mine 1b Mine 2 Mine 3 Mine 4 Mine 5 Mine 6a Mine 6b Mine 7 Mine 8
A. Design and Planning 5 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 3
B. Equipment Maintenance and Reliability 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 5
C. Mine Infrastructure 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 5
D. Documentation and Records 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 3
E. Material/Parts/Equipment 5 3 3 5 3 5 1 3 5 5
F. Hazard/Defect Identification and Analysis 5 5 3 5 3 3 3 5 5 3
G. Procedures 5 3 3 5 5 3 3 5 3 3
H. Workplace Conditions/Human Factors 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 5
I. Training/Personnel Qualification 3 5 3 5 1 3 3 5 5 3
J. Supervision 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 5
K. Verbal and Informal Written Communication 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3
L. Personal Performance 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3
M. Equipment/Infrastructure 5 N/A 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
N. Personnel 5 5 3 5 3 N/A 3 N/A 3 3
O. Mining Conditions 5 5 5 5 5 3 N/A 5 5 5
P. Mining Location 5 5 N/A 5 5 N/A N/A N/A 3 N/A
Q. Safety Culture 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Comparative Results – Emergency Preparedness
Date 5/6/2014 4/1/2015 6/24/2014 3/109/15 10/1/2014 2/24/2015 9/1/2015 4/5/2016 11/11/2015 10/6/2015
MINE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Mine 1a Mine 1b Mine 2 Mine 3 Mine 4 Mine 5 Mine 6a Mine 6b Mine 7 Mine 8
A. Local Coordination 1 1 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 3
B. Knowledge 3 3 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 3
C. Training and Exercises 1 3 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 3
D. Communications 3 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 5
E. Firefighting 1 3 1 5 5 3 1 5 5 3
F. Facilities 3 3 5 5 3 1 3 5 5 5
G. Mine Equipment 3 5 5 5 3 1 3 3 3 5
H. Rescue Equipment 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
I. Outside Suppliers 1 3 5 5 3 3 1 5 5 5
J. Planning 1 3 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 3
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Comparative Results – Mine Rescue Team
Date 5/6/2014 4/1/2015 6/24/2014 3/109/15 10/1/2014 2/24/2015 9/1/2015 4/5/2016 11/12/2015 10/6/2015
MINE RESCUE TEAM READINESS Mine 1a Mine 1b Mine 2 Mine 3 Mine 4 Mine 5 Mine 6a Mine 6b Mine 7 Mine 8
A. Competencies 1 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 3
B. Training Drills and Exercises 1 3 3 3 5 1 3 3 3 3
C. Leadership / Organization 3 3 5 3 5 1 3 5 5 3
D. Rescue Team Equipment 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3
E. Mine Infrastructure Equipment 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 3
F. Contracted Team Resources 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
G. Communications 3 3 5 3 5 1 5 5 5 5
H. Emergency Procedures 1 3 3 1 5 3 5 5 5 3
I. Equipment Procedures 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Comparative Results – Responsible Persons
Date 5/6/2014 4/1/2015 6/24/2014 3/109/15 10/1/2014 2/24/2015 9/1/2015 4/5/2016 11/11/2015 10/6/2015
RESPONSIBLE PERSON READINESS Mine 1a Mine 1b Mine 2 Mine 3 Mine 4 Mine 5 Mine 6a Mine 6b Mine 7 Mine 8
A. Competencies 3 3 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 3
B. Training, Drills and Exercises 3 3 3 5 5 1 3 5 3 3
C. Knowledge and Information 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 5 3
D. Emergency Response Plans 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 5
E. Responsible Person(s) Equipment 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
F. Communications Procedures 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
G. Emergency Procedures 3 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 5 5
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Action Plans
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Reassessment 6 Months Later
Reassessment of one mine six
months later:
Base Risk
MINE SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT Mine 6a Mine 6b
A. Design and Planning 3 3
B. Equipment Maintenance and Reliability 1 5
C. Mine Infrastructure 5 5
D. Documentation and Records 3 3
E. Material/Parts/Equipment 3 3
F. Hazard/Defect Identification and Analysis 3 5
G. Procedures 3 5
H. Workplace Conditions/Human Factors 5 5
I. Training/Personnel Qualification 3 5
J. Supervision 3 5
K. Verbal and Informal Written Communication 5 5
L. Personal Performance 1 3
M. Equipment/Infrastructure N/A 5
N. Personnel 5 N/A
O. Mining Conditions 5 5
P. Mining Location N/A N/A
Q. Safety Culture 3 5
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Reassessment 6 Months Later
Reassessment of one mine six
months later:
Emergency Preparedness
Date 5/6/2014 4/1/2015
MINE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Mine 1a Mine 1b
A. Local Coordination 1 1
B. Knowledge 3 3
C. Training and Exercises 1 3
D. Communications 3 5
E. Firefighting 1 3
F. Facilities 3 3
G. Mine Equipment 3 5
H. Rescue Equipment 5 5
I. Outside Suppliers 1 3
J. Planning 1 3
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Reassessment 6 Months Later
Reassessment of one mine six
months later:
Mine Rescue Teams
Date 5/6/2014 4/1/2015
MINE RESCUE TEAM READINESS Mine 1a Mine 1b
A. Competencies 1 3
B. Training Drills and Exercises 1 3
C. Leadership / Organization 3 3
D. Rescue Team Equipment 3 5
E. Mine Infrastructure Equipment 3 3
F. Contracted Team Resources 3 3
G. Communications 3 3
H. Emergency Procedures 1 3
I. Equipment Procedures 3 5
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Reassessment 6 Months Later
Reassessment of one mine six
months later:
Responsible Persons
Date 5/6/2014 4/1/2015
RESPONSIBLE PERSON READINESS Mine 1a Mine 1b
A. Competencies 3 3
B. Training, Drills and Exercises 3 3
C. Knowledge and Information 5 5
D. Emergency Response Plans 3 5
E. Responsible Person(s) Equipment 5 5
F. Communications Procedures 3 5
G. Emergency Procedures 3 5
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Facilitated Group Dynamics
• Facilitators aid the group dynamics process by:
• Keeping the discussion moving
• Interjecting points/ideas the team has not considered
• Assuring that the scoring is fair and justified
• Facilitators keep track of scoring and record significant
comments made by team members.
• Facilitators encourage the team to develop action plan items
and assign responsibility for the item.
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Selected Best Practices
• Implementation process for innovative changes is informal – approved and completed
quickly
• Workforce completes risk assessment cards every day – WRACs – Workplace Risk
Assessment and Control evaluations - target low probability/high consequence
events
• Monitoring systems over and above requirements – lower alarm levels than required
• Installing proximity detection on all CMs, scoops and trammers
• Level of team training and equipment readiness exceeds industry standards
• Acquiring latest wireless communication and tracking system for emergencies
• Strong succession planning for company employees
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Assessments Conducted
Total 16
• Underground Coal – 11 assessments
• Underground MNM – 4 assessments
• Salt
• Limestone
• Trona
• Nickel / Copper
• Surface Coal – 1 assessment
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
New Developments
Converted the original underground coal models to:
✓ Underground Metal Nonmetal – 2016
✓ Surface Coal and MNM - 2018
Underground Coal (2012)
Underground MNM (2016)
Surface Coal and MNM
(2018)
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Feedback
I’ve reviewed the recent Risk Assessment and Readiness evaluation and shared it with our US Executive team. I
want to thank you and your team for the effort and dedication in bringing this tool all the way from concept to product,
and emphasize the value to us as a corporation.
First, for the people who are intimately involved with planning and operation on the most fundamental level, it is
critical to have a broad, thorough and objective measuring stick to assess risk readiness, identify gaps and
develop action plans to either maintain or improve performance. Second, those who are not deeply entrenched
in daily operations need to be able to rely on an appraisal such as this to help set short-term and long-term
strategic operations goals. Finally, for those of us in a position of responsibility in a complex organization, this type
of tool provides an objective audit to assure senior executives, board members and owners that systems are
in place to evaluate risk and readiness.
Trent Peterson, Vice President
GCC Energy, LLC
2017
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
MINE EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
DEVELOPMENT TRAIINING
(MERD)
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
OBJECTIVES
UNDERSTANDING HOW TO SETUP AND
UTILIZE AN EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE
MINE EMERGENCY COMMAND GROUP
UNDERSTANDING HOW TO UTILIZE
MINE RESCUE TEAMS
UNDERSTANDING HOW TO DEVELOP
AND USE A MINE RESCUE STRATEGY
LEARNING FROM THE “ MERD
EXPERIENCE” AND ROLE PLAYING
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
FUNDAMENTALS OF MINE RESCUE
TOP PRIORITY - ENSURING THE SAFETY OF
MINE RESCUE TEAMS AND OTHER PERSONNEL
ENDEAVORING TO RESCUE\ENSURING THE
SAFETY OF THE LIVES OF TRAPPED
PERSONNEL
PROTECTING THE MINE PROPERTY FROM
FURTHER DAMAGE
REHABILITATING THE MINE
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
MINE EMERGENCY COMMAND GROUP
IDENTIFY THE SCOPE OF THE EMERGENCY AND
THE ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
ENSURING THE SAFETY TO MINE RESCUE
TEAMS AND SUPPORT PERSONNEL
DETERMINE AN OVERALL STRATEGY
DEVELOP AN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE EMERGENCY
SITUATION
EFFECTIVE DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
THE MINE EMERGENCY STRATEGY
“THINK LIKE A CHESS PLAYER” - THE BEST
PLAYERS THINK MANY MOVES AHEAD
SETUP AND UTILIZE AN INFORMATION
TEAM
SETUP AND UTILIZE A PLANNING GROUP
MAKE SMART, RATIONAL DECISIONS
BASED ON VALID INFORMATION
REMEMBER THAT “TIME IS YOUR ENEMY”
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THE THREE GOOD C’S
COMMAND
CONTROL
COMMUNICATIONS
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THE THREE BAD C’S
CONFUSION
CONFLICT
CHAOS
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MINE EMERGENCY COMMAND SYSTEM
OPERATIONS
SEARCH
RESCUE
FIRE FIGHTING
LIASONS INFORMATION LOGISTICS PLANNING SAFETY FINANCE
MINE EMERGENCY COMMAND GROUP
MSHASTATE
COMPANY- MINERS' REPRESENTATIVE
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OPERATIONS PLAN
DEVELOPED BY COMPANY IN
COOPERATION WITH MINERS’ REP.
APPROVED BY MSHA AND STATE
PHASE NUMBER
OBJECTIVE
SITUATION
EXECUTION
TASK ORGANIZATION
MATERIALS REQUIRED
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
JHK & Associates Consulting, LLC
Thank you!
Questions?