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ContentsForewordbyDominicO’Brien
Preface
Introduction:WhyIsThisBookNeeded?
1.WhatIsaMindMap?
2.HowtoMindMap
3.WhatIsNotaMindMap?
4.SolutionFinding
5.TheInfiniteApplicationsofMindMaps
6.TheFutureofMindMapping
Resources
Acknowledgements
ForewordIhavebeenusingMindMappingformanyyears.Today,Itraveltheworld,teachingbusinessprofessionals,publicfiguresandentireaudiencestoimprovetheirmemoryandcognitiveabilityintheirpersonalandprofessionallives.However,asachildIwasdiagnosedwithdyslexiaandIbelieveIhadchallenges–andstilldotosomedegree–withattention.IhavefoundthatMindMappingisagreatforcetowardoffthedistractionofAttentionDeficitDisorder.Inshort,ithelpsmestayontrack.
MindMapsarepowerfultoolsforfocusingandprocessinginformation,formulatingaplanofactionandgettingstartedonnewprojects.Infact,MindMappingisahugeguidinghandineveryaspectoflife–andIcan’trecommendithighlyenough!
Aswellasgivingreadersthemeanstotransformtheirownlives,Tony’snewbook,MindMapMastery,willwelcomethemintoalivelyglobalcommunity.ThestoriesandexamplesshowhowMindMappingisaworldwidephenomenonthatispractisedbyalltypesofpeople.Theonethingtheyhaveincommonisthattheyarepassionateaboutthebenefitsofthisthinkingtoolandgoontoshareitwithothers.
IremainimmenselygratefultoTonyforinventingtheMindMap,andwouldrecommendhisnewbooktoanybodywhowantstoimprovetheirthinkingandachieveMindMapmasterythemselves.
DominicO’Brien,eight-timeWorldMemoryChampionandbestsellingauthor
Preface
“I’mlookingforbooksaboutusingthebrain.”
“Tryoverthere,”thelibrariansaid,gesturingtowardashelfofbooks,“inthemedicalsection.”
“No,”Ireplied,“I’vealreadygonethroughthosetitlesandI’venodesiretooperateonmybrain;Ijustwanttolearnhowtouseit.”
Thelibrarianlookedatmeblankly.“I’mafraidtherearen’tanybooksaboutthattopic,”shesaid.“Onlythetextbookswehavehere.”
Iwalkedawayfeelingfrustratedandastonished.Inmysecondyearatuniversity,Iwassearchingfornewwaystocopewithanincreasedacademicworkload,asmystudymethodssimplyweren’tyieldingtheresultsIwasafter.Infact,themorenotesItook,theworseIseemedtodo.WhileIhadyettoappreciatethetruelimitsoflinearthinking,thatdayIrealizedmyso-calledprobleminfactrepresentedanincredibleopportunity.Iftherewerenobooksabouthowtousethebrain,thenherewasanareawithextraordinarypotentialforresearch.
Overtheyearsthatfollowed,Istudiedpsychologyandthegeneralsciences,neurophysiology,neurolinguisticsandsemantics,informationtheory,memoryandmnemonictechniques,perceptionandcreativethinking.Icametounderstandtheworkingsofthehumanbrainandtheconditionsthatallowittoperformatitsbest.
Ironically,myresearchalsohighlightedtheflawsinmyownstudymethods,asitgraduallydawnedonmethatmylecturenoteswereword-based,monotonicandboring;ifanything,theirlinearformatofferedanincrediblyeffectivewayoftrainingmyselftobestupid!Practicemakesperfect:ifyoupractiseperfectly,yourpracticemakesyouperfect.However,ifyoupractisebadly,practicemakesyouperfectlybad.WhenIbegantopractisemoreandmorelinear,monotonicnotetaking,Ibecamemoreandmoreperfectlystupid!Iurgentlyneededtochangebothmythinkingandmyactions.
changebothmythinkingandmyactions.
Bystudyingthestructureofthebrain,IfoundthebreakthroughIwassearchingfor.Thefactthatwepossessaminimumof100billionbraincells,eachoneofwhichcontributestoourthinking,inspiredme.Ifounditenthrallingthateachoftheseneuronshastentaclesradiatingoutfromthecell’scentrelikethebranchesofatree,andIrealizedthatIcouldmakeuseofthismodeldiagrammaticallytocreatetheultimatethinkingtool.
ThisprovedtobeamajorcontributiontothedevelopmentofRadiantThinking(seepage33),whichinturnhelpedleadtothebirthoftheMindMap.
Atitssimplest,aMindMapisanintricatediagramthatmirrorsthestructureofabraincellwithbranchesreachingoutfromitscentre,evolvingthroughpatternsofassociation.However,sinceitsinceptioninthemid-1960s,theMindMaphasprovedtobemuchmorethananexcellentmeansofnotetaking:itisanefficientandprofoundlyinspiringwaytofeedourstarvingminds,intellectsandspirits.Ithasdevelopedexponentiallyand,asyouwillseeinthisbook,canbeappliedinmanyways–fromnurturingcreativityandstrengtheningmemorytohelpingfightdementia.
Overtheyears,theMindMaphasbeenmisunderstoodbysomeandmisrepresentedbyothers,yetmyvisionpersistsofaworldinwhicheverychildandadultunderstandswhataMindMapis,howitworks,andhowitcanbeappliedtoallaspectsoflife.
ThisbookaimstoshowyouhowagoodMindMapcanfeedyouasanindividual,andhowtheMindMapitselfcontinuestogrow,expandandevolveinordertotacklethenewchallengesweallfaceonthisplanet.
Andnow,asweadvanceintothe21stcentury,theMindMapcanbeaccessedandutilizedinnewformsthatmirrorourburgeoningnewtechnicalpossibilities.MindMapscanstillbehanddrawn,ofcourse,buttheycanalsobegeneratedbycomputerprogram,theyareavailableonline,theyhavebeentracedintheArcticsnow,theyhaveadornedthesidesofmountainsandtheycanevenbeetchedbydronesinthesky.
Joinmeinthisgreatadventureandpreparetoradiateyourmentalpowerfarbeyondanythingyouhaveeverexperiencedbefore!
TONYBUZAN
Introduction
WhyIsThisBookNeeded?
AMindMapisarevolutionarythinkingtoolthat,whenmastered,willtransformyourlife.Itwillhelpyouprocessinformation,comeupwithnewideas,strengthenyourmemory,getthemostoutofyourleisuretimeandimprovethewayyouwork.
IdevisedtheMindMapinitiallyasaninnovativeformofnote-takingthatcanbeusedinanysituationwherelinearnoteswouldnormallybetaken,suchasattendinglectures,listeningtotelephonecalls,duringbusinessmeetings,carryingoutresearchandstudying.However,itquicklybecameclearthatMindMapscanalsobeusedforground-breakingdesignandplanning;forprovidinganincisiveoverviewofasubject;forinspiringnewprojects;foruncoveringsolutionsandbreakingfreefromunproductivewaysofthinking,amongmanyotherthings.Inthisbook,youwillcomeacrossinnumerableexcitingapplicationsforMindMaps.Theycanevenbeusedasanexerciseintheirownrighttogiveyourbrainaworkoutandboostyourpowersofcreativethinking.
InMindMapMastery,youwilldiscoverhowMindMappingcanhelpyouaccessyourownmultipleintelligencesandrealizeyourtruepotential.Thepracticalexercisesinthisbookaredesignedtotrainyouinthisexpansivewayofthinking,andyouwilldiscoverthetruestoriesofotherpeople,includingmasterMindMappersandworld-renownedexpertsandpioneersintheirfields,whoseliveshavebeenradicallytransformedbyMindMapping.
Yourbrainisasleepinggiant,andMindMapMasteryisheretohelpwakeitup!
ANewWayofThinkingWhenIintroducedMindMapstotheworldinthe1960s,littledidIsuspectwhatlayahead.Inthepreliminarystagesofmyresearchintohumanthinking,IusedanearlyprototypeofMindMappingtoimprovemystudies.Thiswasaformof
anearlyprototypeofMindMappingtoimprovemystudies.Thiswasaformofnote-takinginwhichIcombinedwordsandcolours.ItevolvedwhenIstartedtounderlinethekeywordsinmynotesandrealizedtheymadeuplessthan10percentofwhatIhadwrittendown.Yetthesekeywordsunlockedcoreconcepts.ThroughmystudyoftheancientGreeks,IknewIneededtofindasimplewaytomakeconnectionsbetweenthekeywordssothattheycouldbeeasilymemorized.
TheancientGreeksdevelopedanumberofelaboratememorysystemsthatenabledthemtoperfectlyrecallhundredsandthousandsoffacts.Thesesystemsreliedonthepowerofimaginationandassociationtomakeconnectionsthrough,forexample,themethodofloci.ThiswasoneofthetechniquesinventedbytheancientGreekstoimprovetheirmemoriesandisalsoknownastheMemoryJourney,theMemoryPalaceortheMindPalaceTechnique(seebox,right).
Icameacrossthemethodoflociduringmyresearchintohumanthoughtprocesses,butIhadbeenunwittinglyintroducedtoanothermnemonicmethodintheveryfirstminutesofmyveryfirstdayatuniversity.ThiswastheMajorSystem–aphoneticmethoddevelopedbytheGermanwriterandhistorianJohannJustWinckelmann(1620–99).Inthefirstlectureofmyuniversityterm,asardonicprofessor,builtlikeabarrelwithtuftsofredhairsproutingfromhishead,walkedintothelectureroomand,handsclaspedbehindhisback,proceededtocallouttherollofstudentsperfectly.Ifsomebodywasabsent,hecalledouttheirname,thenamesoftheirparents,andthestudent’sdateofbirth,phonenumberandhomeaddress.Whenhehadfinished,helookedatuswitharaisedeyebrowandaslightsneer.Hedespisedhisstudents,buthewasamarvellousteacher–andIwashooked.
HowtoBuildaMemoryPalace
AccordingtotheRomanoratorCicero(106–43BCE),thespatialmemorizationtechniqueknownasthemethodofloci(orplaces,fromtheLatinloci)wasdiscoveredbyaGreeklyricpoetandsophos(wiseman)calledSimonidesofCeos(c.556–c.468BCE).
InhisdialogueDeOratore,CicerodescribeshowSimonidesattendeda
banquettoperformapoeminhonourofthehost.Shortlyafterperformingthepoem,hewascalledoutsideandwhilehewasgonetheroofofthebanquetinghallsuddenlycollapsed,crushingtheothergueststodeath.Someoftheirbodiesweremangledbeyondrecognition,whichwasagreatconcern,astheyneededtobeidentifiedinordertoreceivetheproperburialrites.Simonides,however,wasabletoidentifythedeadbydrawingonhisvisualmemoryofwhereeachoftheguestshadbeenseatedaroundthebanquettable.
Fromthisexperience,Simonidesrealizedthatanyonecouldimprovetheirmemorybyselectinglocationsandformingmentalimagesofthethingstheywishedtoremember.Iftheimageswerestoredinthevisualizedplacesinaparticularorder,itwouldthenbepossibletorememberanythingthroughthepowerofassociation.TheresultingmethodoflociwasdescribedinanumberoftherhetoricaltreatisesofancientGreeceandRome,andisbetterknowntoustodayastheMemoryPalace.
When,afterthatfirstlecture,Iaskedhimhowhe’dmanagedtoperformsuchanextraordinaryfeatofmemory,herefusedtotellme,simplysaying,“Son,I’magenius.”Itestedhimforthenextthreemonthsuntilonedayhedecidedtoletusinonhissecret,andtaughtustheMajorSystem.Thismnemonictechniqueusesasimplecodethatconvertsnumbersintophoneticsounds.Thesoundscanthenbeturnedintowords–andthewordstransformedintoimageswithwhichtofurnishaMemoryPalace.
Mynewmethodofnote-takingdrewuponmygrowingunderstandingofmnemonicsystemsandradicallysimplifiedthepracticeoftheancientGreeksbyusingcolourtoforgelinksbetweeninterrelatedconcepts.WhileithadyettoevolveintoafullyfledgedMindMap,itwasalreadymarkedlymoreeffectivethanstraightforwardlinearnote-taking,whichbycomparisonwasmonochromatic,monotoneandmonotonous–withtheresultstomatch.Ifyouaremakingnotesusingonlyblueorblackink,theeffectoftheprintonthepageisbydefaultboring,whichmeansyourbrainwilltuneout,dialdownandeventuallygotosleep.Allofwhichexplainswhy“sleepingsickness”oftenplaguesstudyhalls,librariesandmeetings!
Pleasedwiththesuccessofmynewmethod,Ibegantotakeonpupilsasahobby
andcoachtheminmytechnique.Manyofmypupilshadbeenlabelledasacademicfailuresanditwasrewardingtowatchthemquicklystarttoimprovetheirgradesandoutperformtheirpeers(seebox,right).
TheNextStepsDuringthesubsequentstagesofmydevelopmentofMindMaps,Ibegantothinkinmoredetailaboutthehierarchythatgovernsourpatternsofthinking,andIrealizedthatthereare
keyideas➡keykeyideas➡keykeykeyideas
Buzzingabout“BuzanDiagrams”
JezzMoorewasastrugglingcollegestudentwhenheattendedalectureonanewmethodoflearningcalled“BuzanDiagrams”.Thelecturerexplainedhowtowritedownatopicinthecentreofthepageandfilltheareaarounditwith“keywords”and“prompts”thatwerestrungtogetherwithconnectinglines,therebydispensingwiththeneedtomemorizeelaboratelists.Jezzwasstunnedbyhowsimpleyeteffectivethismethodwas.Frombeinganacademicunderachiever,hewentontoreadeconomicsandpoliticsatuniversityand,afterpost-graduatestudiesincorporatefinance,gainedaMasterofBusinessAdministration(MBA).
Someyearslater,hefoundhimselfatarowingclubsupper.Thesubjectoflearningandeducationcameup,andJezz–fuelledbyhispassionforthetechniquethathadtransformedhisstudies,aswellasaglassortwoofwine–begantolecturetheguestsittingnexttohimonhow“beingcleveriseasy”.Invitinghisfellowguesttointerruptifhewasgoingtoofast,heexplainedhowthetechniqueworkedandhelpfullysketchedadiagramonapapernapkin:“Thereyouhaveit…BuzanDiagrams.”Amomentlapsedbeforetheguestsaid,“YoudorealizeIamTonyBuzan?”
Iwasdelightedtohearfirst-handhowmynote-takingmethodshadhelpedchangeJezz’slife;andJezzandIhavesincebecomethebestoffriends.Intheyearsthatfollowed,IusedMindMappingtechniquestohelpJezzcoach
theyearsthatfollowed,IusedMindMappingtechniquestohelpJezzcoachathleteswhowentontorowforGreatBritainandtobecomeOlympicmedallists.
Inthisway,IdiscoveredthepowerofRadiantThinking,whichIwillexplaininmoredetailinChapter1(seepage33).Asmyunderstandinggrew,IgraduallybegantobuildupthearchitectureoftheMindMapusingconnectionssuchasarrows,codesandcurvinglines.ApivotalmeetingwiththetalentedAustralianlandscapeartistLorraineGillhelpedmeformulatethenextsteps,asshechallengedmetoreappraisetherolethatpicturesandcoloursplayedwithintheMindMap’sstructure.HerinsightsinspiredthewaysinwhichimageryisusedinMindMapstoday.
WhenIcomparedmyevolvingtechniqueswithnotesmadebyhistoricalfiguressuchastheRenaissanceartistsLeonardodaVinci(1452–1519)andMichelangelo(1475–1564),andscientistssuchasMadameCurie(1867–1934)andEinstein(1879–1955),Ifoundsomeinterestingparallelsinthewaysinwhichtheyusedpictures,codesandinterconnectinglines:theirwordsanddiagramsexplodeinalldirectionsacrossthepage,freetoroaminwhicheverdirectiontheirthoughtshappentotake,ratherthanremaininggluedtoastraighthorizontalline.(Seealso“AShortHistoryoftheThinkingBehindMindMaps”,page42.)However,thereal-lifeexperiencesofmygrowingnumberofstudents,clientsandcolleaguessuggestedthatthetechniquesIwasdevelopingweresoaccessible,theycouldhelppeoplefromallwalksoflife:youdidn’thavetobeaworld-classgeniusmakingground-breakingdiscoveriestobenefitfromthem.
MindMapsareanalyticalinthesensethatyoucanusethemtosolveanyproblem.Throughtheuseofassociatedlogic,MindMapsdelverighttotheheartofthematter.Theyalsoallowyoutoseethebiggerpicture.Theyareontheonehandmicrocosmicandontheothermacrocosmic.
KeepingItNaturalIdescribedinthePrefacehow,duringthecourseofmyresearch,Iwasstruckbytheshapeofabraincellitself:notesjotteddownindiagramformoftenseemed,albeitunwittingly,tomimictheorganicstructureofaneuron,withconnectingbranchesreachingfromanucleus.
WhileIwasmullingthisover,Iwouldgoforlongwalksinnature,wheremy
WhileIwasmullingthisover,Iwouldgoforlongwalksinnature,wheremythoughtsandimaginationfeltmuchfreertowander.Itdawnedonmethataswehumansarepartofnature,ourthinkingandnote-takingoughttoreflectnaturetooinsomeway:weshouldreflectthelawsofnatureinallourhumanfunctioning,especiallywhenitcomestoputtingoutsidethebrainwhatisfoundwithinit.
Igraduallydevelopedmytechniquesintoathinkingtoolthatcouldbeappliedtoawholerangeofhumandailyactivities,andthatwouldmirrorthecreativityandradianceofourthoughtprocesses.TheresultwasthefirsttrueMindMap.
ConventionalNote-takingvsMindMappingTheboxbelowshowsthekeycharacteristicsoflinearnote-takingsetagainstthoseofMindMapping.
ConventionalNote-taking MindMapping
Linear Multi-faceted
Monochrome Colourful
Word-based Wordscombinedwithpictures
Listedlogic Associatedlogic
Sequential Multidimensional
Restrictive Imaginative
Disorganized Analytical
GoingForwardToday,peopleallaroundtheglobearefamiliarwiththeconceptofMindMapping.InadditiontoMindMappingconferences,WorldMindMappingChampionshipshavebeenheldintheUK,Singapore,Chinaandmanyothercountries.DuringtheChampionships,variousdisciplinesaretested.Competitorsare,forexample,invitedtocreateMindMapswhilelisteningtoalectureonanunfamiliarsubject,oronasettext.Theresultsarethenmarkedaccordingto20differentcriteria,suchastheimpactoftheimagery,theuseofhumour(forinstance,throughpuns),theattractivenessoftheMindMapanditsoriginality,andwhetheritobeysthefundamentalprinciplesofMindMapping.
WiththespreadoftheMindMapandtheresultingimprovedglobalmentalliteracy,itcouldbeassumedthatthecaseforMindMappingisallwrappedupbynow–thattheMindMapisprotectedandsecure,andthereislittlemoretobesaidaboutit.Yetsadlythatisnotthecase.
Whileitistruethattherehavebeensomewonderfulrealizationsofmyoriginaldreamthateveryman,womanandchildshoulddiscoverthebenefitsofMindMapping,therehavealsobeensomeproblems.Overrecentdecades,theMindMaphasattimesbeenmisunderstoodandmisappropriatedbythosewhopurporttobetrainedteachersintheartofMindMapping,butwhoseunderstandingoftheprocessturnsouttobefundamentallyflawed,andwhosepracticethereforedoesn’tfollowthekeyLawsofMindMappingthatyouwillfindinChapter2(seepage60).WheneverMindMappingismistaught,IbelievethereisariskthatultimatelythepurityandpoweroftheMindMapitselfwillbecompromised.
Fortunately,however,theMindMapisarobustentity.Itis,afterall,anevolutionaryformofthinking,perfectlyadaptedtotherequirementsofourdigitalage–andbeyond.
HowtoUseThisBookMindMapMasterywillshowyouhowtousethispowerfultoolinyourownlifewhereverittakesyou.Thisbookisstructuredsothatyoucanreaditfromcovertocoverandalsokeepdippingintoitasanongoingsourceofreference:
Chapter1:WhatIsaMindMap?willintroduceyoutothekeyprinciplesunderlyingtheMindMap,settingoutitsessentialingredientsandexplainingwhyMindMappingworks.ThischapteralsosketchesabriefhistoryoftheMindMapfromearlycivilizationtotoday.
Chapter2:HowtoMindMapofferspracticalexercises,usefultipsandtraininginhowtouseMindMappingeffectively.ItsetsouttheLawsofMindMappingandlooksatpracticalapplicationsforMindMapsineverydaylife,includingathome,work,ineducationandforcreativity,wellbeingandmemory.
Chapter3:WhatIsNotaMindMap?clearsupsomecommonmisconceptionsaboutwhattheMindMapisandwhatitisn’t,andaimstotackle
anyconfusionsurroundingthisincredibletool.
Chapter4:SolutionFindingconsiderswhichstepstotakeifyouaretryingtocreateMindMapsbutstillcan’tseemtomakethemworkforyou.IttacklesrelatedissuessuchasMindMappingandindecision,andoffersMindMappingworkouts.
Chapter5:TheInfiniteApplicationsofMindMapsexplainstheincrediblescopeofMindMapsandhowtheycanbeusedatamoreadvancedlevel.ItoffersfurtherguidanceandinspiringinsightsintohowtouseMindMapsininnovativewaystotransformyourownlife.
Chapter6:TheFutureofMindMappingconsidersMindMappinginadigitalageanditsrelationshipwithArtificialIntelligence,whilelookingtowardthefuture.
IcannotimaginemylifewithoutMindMaps.Iusethemeveryday,whetherI’mlecturing,planningmyweekorwritingarticlesandbooks!TheyhavechangedmyworldinmorewaysthanIcouldeverhaveconceivedpossible.IbelievethatMindMapMasterycandothesameforyoutoo.
Forthoseofyouwhoarecompletelynewtothistechnique,youareabouttodiscoveranamazingtoolwiththepotentialtoblowyourmind!ForthoseofyouwhoarealreadyfamiliarwithMindMapping,whilethisbookmakesnoclaimstoreinventthewheelofMindMaps,itwillsurelyputsomepowerfulnewtyresonitandtakeyouplacesyou’dneverimagined.
It’snowtimetosetoutonyourownMindMappingadventureanddiscovertheincrediblepowerofyourbrain…
2HowtoMindMap
UnlockthePotentialofYourBrain
Unlikeothertypesofvisualtool,MindMappingunlockstheincrediblepotentialofthebrainbyengagingthefullrangeofcorticalskills,fromtherationalandnumericaltotheimaginativeandinventive.AgoodMindMapprovidesanarenainwhichtobrainstormcreativelyusingacombinationofwordsandimages.Infact,MindMapsarebetterthanthis,astheyencourage“brainblooming”throughthecombinedpowersoftheimaginationandassociation,creatingtheperfectconditionsforaproliferationofideas–andthemoreideasyougenerate,thebettertheiroverallqualityislikelytobe.MindMappingwillbroadenthehorizonsofyourthinkingandwillofferyouthemeanstoboostyourmentalaccuracy,insight,creativityandfreedomofthought.
Inthedecadessincetheirfirstintroduction,MindMapshavebeenadoptedbyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldinordertomaximizetheefficientuseoftheirbrainpower.Theireffectivenesshasbeenconfirmedbynumerousscientificandpsychologicalstudies,andtheyhaveproventhemselvestobearemarkablyversatiletool.AswewilldiscoverinChapter5,aMindMapcanbeusedinabsolutelyanyaspectoflifewhereimprovedlearningandclearerthinkingwillenhanceperformance.
Askyourself,“HowcanMindMappingimprovemylife?”Nowbegin!
InChapter1,IinvitedyoutocreateyourownMindMapbywayofintroducingyoutoaMindMap’skeycomponentssuchasimages,colours,branchesandwords(seepage27).Aswithanyskill,yourMindMappingconfidenceandtechniquewillimprovethemoreyoupractise.Togetthemostoutofthischapter,Isuggestyouapproachitasanenjoyablesetoffun,practicalexercises.Setasideanyinhibitionsorinsecurities,andhaveagoatmakinglotsofdifferentcolourfulMindMapsfollowingtheprinciplesthatIwilllayoutinmoredetailinthefollowingpages.
Beforewebegin,I’dliketomakeaquicksuggestion:althoughyouwillbegivingyourbrainavigorousworkout,bekindtoyourself(always!).YourMindMapswillleadtothebestresultswhenyourapproachislighthearted,colourful
andinteresting.Paradoxically,playisaseriousbusinessbecauseitactivatestheimagination,whichisoneofthelynchpinsofMindMapping.Ifyoufindyourselfgettingstuckorfrustratedatanypoint,takeabreakandcomebacktoyourMindMaplater.(SeeChapter4,“SolutionFinding”,formoreguidance.)Orstartanotherone,perhapsfromthequiverofMindMapsofferedin“The99Applications”inChapter5(seepage159).MindMappingismosteffectivewhenundertakeninburstsofabout20minutes.
MindMappingisnotabout“success-and-failure”,“do-or-die”rigidthinkingperse,andnobodyisgoingtojudgeyouonyourresults(unlessyouentertheWorldMindMappingChampionships!).TherearecertainLawsthatwillhelpyougetthemostoutofMindMappingandenableyoutocreateparticularlypowerfulMindMaps.ThenotionofLawscouldperhapsseemcounterintuitiveatfirstwhenitcomestocreativityandthegenerationofideas;however,theseLawsaredesignedtosupportyourthinkingwithastructure,allowingittoflourishratherthantogettangledupandflounder.
UnderstandingtheLaws
WhiletheLawsofMindMappingaredeceptivelysimple,theyareveryeffective.Ifyoudeviatefromthem,youwon’tcreateatrueMindMap.Instead,youwillprobablyendupwithoneofthediagramsthatwewillbelookingatinChapter3,orwithsomethingthatresemblespurechaos!
TheLawsofMindMapping
1.Alwaysuseablanksheetofpaper,placedinlandscapeposition.Makesurethesheetislargeenoughtoallowyoutocreatesubbranchesandsub-sub-branches.
2.Drawapictureinthecentreofthepaper,representingyoursubject,usingatleastthreecolours.
3.Useimages,symbols,codesanddimensionthroughoutyourMindMap.
4.Selectkeywordsandwritetheseusingcapitalletters.
5.Placeeachwordorimageonitsownbranch,sothatitstandsbyitself.
6.Radiateflowingbranchesoutfromthecentralimage.MakethebranchesthickertowardthecentreoftheMindMap,andthinnerastheyradiateoutwardintosubbranches.
7.Keepbranchesthesamelengthasthewordsorimagesonthem.
8.UsecoloursthroughouttheMindMap,developingyourowncolourcodeinthebranches.
9.Useemphasis,arrowsandconnectinglinestodepictassociationsbetweendifferentrelatedtopicsinyourMindMap.
10.AimforclarityinyourMindMapbypositioningyourbranchesincarefullythought-throughspace.Rememberthatthespacebetweenthingsisoftenasimportantasthethingsthemselves.Imagine,forexample,thespacebetweentreesinaforest:yourbrainnegotiatesthesegapstounderstandwhereyouareandwhereyouaregoing,ratherthanthetrees.
DEVELOPINGYOUROWNSTYLE
FollowingtheLawsfreesyouuptodevelopyourownunique“fingerprint”,orrather“eyeprint”,stylewhilestayingtruetotheessentialspiritofMindMapping.TogettoknowandtrulyabsorbtheLawsofMindMapping,keepacopyofthemhandy(perhapsintheformofaMindMap)andconsultthemregularlywheneveryoudoanyMindMapping.WithinashorttimetheywillhavebecomesecondnaturetoyouandactliketheDNAofyourMindMapgenes!
TakeyourMindMappingjourneystepbystep:setyourgoalsforyourfirstMindMap;thenyourfirsttwoMindMaps;thenyourfirstfiveMindMaps;yourfirsttenMindMaps;yourfirst25MindMaps;yourfirst50MindMaps…rightuntilyoureachyourfirst100MindMaps(yourcentury!).Bythetimeyouhavereached100MindMaps,ifyouhavebeenconsultingtheLaws,youwillhaveattainedahighlyskilledlevelofMindMapping.
MindMapscansometimesbecomecomplexastheyspreadacrossthepage.TheLawsaredesignedtohelpimprovetheirclarityineveryrespectandtherebystrengthentheirimpactonyourbrain,aswellasonthebrainsofotherpeople.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhythisisso,let’sexaminethekeyelementsinalittlemoredetail,aswellassomeotherconsiderationsthatrelatetothem.
HowtheLawsShapeaMindMapTheeasiestwaytoexploretheeffectsandusefulnessoftheLawsistoputthemintopracticebycreatingaMindMap.First,makesureyouhavecompletelygraspedthebasicsofMindMappingbymemorizingthesevenstepssetoutinChapter1(seepage28).ThenyouwillbereadytoapplytheLawstoaMindMapaboutatopicofyourownchoice.Whynottryingcreatingonenow,asyoureadthewordsonthefollowingpages?
InChapter1,IusedtheexampleofShakespearetoillustrateeachofthestepsaswewentthroughthemtogether.Forthisexercise,IwouldnowlikeyoutotakeamomenttoreflectontheproblemorsubjectyouwouldliketoMindMap.(Ifyouneedinspiration,turntothe“MakeYourThoughtsVisible”exerciseonpage73.)
GATHERYOURRESOURCES
Onceyouhavechosenyourtheme,andbeforeyoustartworkingontheMind
Onceyouhavechosenyourtheme,andbeforeyoustartworkingontheMindMapitself,gatheranyothermaterials,researchoradditionalinformationyouneed,sothatyouhaveeverythingreadilytohand.
Forexample,ifyouwanttouseaMindMaptomakenotesaboutacertaintextyouarestudying,makesureyouhaveacopyofthebooknearbysoyoucanconsultitasyoucreateyourMindMap.
TopreventyourMindMapfrombecomingcramped,especiallyasitradiatesouttowardthemargins,workonalargesheetofblankpaper.It’simportantthatthepaperisplainwhiteanddoesn’tfeaturelinesoranydecorationthatwilldetractfromyourcreativeprocess.Alwayspositionthissheetofpaperinalandscapeposition,asthiswillgiveyoumorefreedomandspaceinwhichtocreateaMindMapthanpaperplacedinaportrait(vertical)position.Moreover,theinformationonahorizontalMindMapiseasiertoabsorbataglance,asitallowsyoutoscantheentirepageinanon-linearfashion,radiatingfromthecentre,ratherthanreadingthepagelefttoright,lefttoright,lefttoright–likewatchingtennis,gettingastiffneck–andtoptobottominthewaythatyouusuallytackleatext.
Placethepaperonaflatorraisedsurfaceinfrontofyouor,ifyoulike,pinittothewallandworkstandingup.Araisedsurfacesuchasanarchitect’sdrawingboardwillimproveyourpostureandgiveyouabetterperspective.Alternatively,MindMapseatedonthefloorifyoufindthiscomfortable.Someartists,suchasthePortuguese-bornBritishpainterandprintmakerPaulaRego,sometimessitonthefloortopaintanddraw,asthisseeminglychildlikeapproachcanbeliberatingwhenitcomestothinkingcreatively.
liberatingwhenitcomestothinkingcreatively.
YoucanmakeaMindMapinanyplace,inanyphysicalposition,especiallyifyouareayogapractitioner,agymnast,adanceroralittlekid.YoucancreateaMindMapinyourmeditationposition,forinstance,asMindMapswillhelpsettleandbalanceyourthoughtsbysynchronizingtheworkingsofyourbrain’stwohemispheres.Manypeople,especiallychildren,makethemwhilelyingflatontheirstomachonthefloor,proppinguptheirheadwiththeirhands.
Butthereisnoneedtoturnyourselfintoacontortionist!KeepyourMindMapasuprightasyoucan,withitsbranchesasclosetothehorizontalaspossible,whichwillmaketheMindMapmucheasiertoreadandrecall.Asyouwriteanddraw,allowyourhandtotravelacrossthepaper,ratherthanrotatingthepaperitself.
ToincreasethevisualappealofyourMindMapanditsimpact,collectaselectionofcolouredeasy-flowingpens,ranginginthicknessfromthinnibtohighlighter,tovaryandtostrengthenyourMindMap’scolourcodingandvisualappealtothememory.(RememberthevonRestorffeffectdiscussedinChapter1,page40.)
MakeyourowntransportableMindMapkitofplainpaperandcolouredpens,andcarrythiswithyouwhereveryougo.Thisway,youwillneverfindyourselfstuckwithlinedpaperandabluebiro.
Ifyouareinabusinessmeeting,youcouldcreateadraftMindMapinblackandwhite,andthencolouritinorredrawitcompletelyatalaterstage.Itisalwaysuseful,nomatterhowbrilliantyourMindMapis,toreviewitsoonaftercompletingit.Socolouringinablack-and-whitedraftisgoodpractice.However,colourisakeyelementinpromotingcreativity,whichmeansthatifyouinitiallycreateyourMindMapinblackandwhite,youwillberadicallylimitingyourabilitytogeneratenewideas.
CHOOSETHECENTRALIMAGE
Whenyouhaveasubjectinmind,starttodrawacentralimageinthemiddleof
Whenyouhaveasubjectinmind,starttodrawacentralimageinthemiddleofyourpaper,usingdimension,self-expressionandatleastthreecolourstomakeitvisuallyengagingandmemorable.Thinkabouthowtosymbolizeyoursubjectinasinterestingandasimaginativeawayaspossible.IfaparticularwordisabsolutelycentraltoyourMindMap,converttheworditselfintoanimagebyusingdimensionandcolourstoenhanceitsvisualappeal.Adynamiccentralimagewillautomaticallyfocustheeyeandthebrain,triggeringnumerousassociations.
WhatdoyouwantyourMindMaptorevealtoyou?Keepthisgoalinyourthoughtsateverystep.
SETOBJECTIVESANDBASICORDERINGIDEASThemaincategories,whichradiateinbranchesfromthecentralimage,areknownasBasicOrderingIdeas(BOIs)andconstitutethecoreframeworkofaMindMap.
AstrongsetofBOIswillgetyourMindMapofftothebeststartcreatively:byidentifyingyourBOIsandorderingtheminavisuallymeaningfulway,youwillbeabletoseemoreclearlyhowfurtherideasandconceptsrelatetothewholeandfitwithinyourMindMap’shierarchyofideas.
AsyoubeginyourMindMap,consideryourobjectivescarefully:•Whatinformationorknowledgedoyouneed?•Whicharethemostimportantsevencategoriesinthetopicunderconsideration?
•Ifthiswereabook,whatwoulditschapterheadingsbe?Whatlessonsorthemesarethere?
•Whatquestionsdoyouneedtoask?(Promptssuchas“What?”,“Where?”,“Who?”,“How?”,“Which?”,“When?”canmakeveryusefulmainbranchesinaMindMap.)
•Intowhichsub-categoriescanyoudivideyourtopic?
YourBOIscanalsoaddressthefollowingconsiderations:
•Structure–theformofthings•Function–thepurposeofthingsandwhattheydo•Properties–thecharacteristicsofthings•Processes–howthingswork•Evaluation–howbeneficialthingsare•Definitions–whatthingsmean•Classification–howthingsrelatetoeachother•History–thechronologicalsequenceofevents•Personalities–people’srolesandcharacters
Togetstarted,youcouldjotdownthefirsttenwordsorimagesthatspringtomind,thengrouptheseundergenericheadingstoformyourmainradiatingbranches.
BRANCHOUT
AssuggestedinChapter1,makethebranchesclosesttothecentralimagethicker,toemphasizetheirimportancetoyourbrain,andwriteyourBasicOrderingIdeas(BOIs)abovethem.AnysubbranchesthatsproutfromamainbranchwillholdinformationthatsupportsthatparticularBOI.Themostgeneral(inclusive)conceptstendtositclosertothecentralimage,whilethelessgeneral(moreexclusiveorspecific)conceptsappearonthesubbranches,furtherawayfromtheMindMap’scentre.
IfyourMindMapisstillatanexploratorystage,youcouldwelldiscoverthatsomeoftheperipheralideasturnouttobemoreimportantthanthoseyouinitiallyplacedtowardthecentre.Whenthishappens,simplythickenuptheouterbrancheswherenecessary,therebyaddinganotherlayerofinteresttoyourMindMap.
Makeallthebranchesreachoutinanorganic,wave-like,flowingmannertoenhancetheirvisualappeal.Inadditiontothis,ifyoumakeyourbranchescurveandradiateorganically,eachonewillhaveauniqueshapewhichcanthenbefurtherusedtoactivateyourrecalloftheinformationheldwithinthatbranch.
EXPRESSYOURSELFTHROUGHIMAGES
TogetmaximumvisualimpactandcreativeinspirationoutofMindMapping,andhavefunintheprocess,useimageswhereverpossible(aswithwords,eachoftheseshouldnestleintoitsownbranch).Don’tworryifyouhatedartclassatschool;nooneisgoingtobejudgingyourartisticability.TheimagesonyourMindMapabsolutelydon’thavetobemasterpieces:quickdescriptivesketches,drawings,symbolsanddoodlesallworkwell!.Infact,youdefinitelydon’twanttogetboggeddownincreatingtheperfectimage;MindMappingisallaboutgettingideasdownonpaperquickly,sothinkofyourillustrationsasaformofshorthandtorepresenttheessenceofyourdeepestthinking.
Whereaslinearnote-takingusesthethreebasicskillsoflinearpatterning,symbolsandanalysis,imagemakingengagesawiderangeofcorticalskills,fromimagination,logicandspatialawarenesstotheuseofcolour,form,linedimensionandvisualpatterning.
UsingimageryinMindMapshasanother,widerbenefit:itwillhelpimproveyoureverydaypowersofvisualperception.Whateveryourlevelofartistry,anyattemptatdrawingwillencourageyoutofocusmorestronglyonreallifeforinspiration,andyouwillbecomemoreawareoftheworldaroundyou.
Finally,notonlydoesaMindMapuseimages;itisanimageitself!AMindMapismucheasiertopictureinyourmind’seyethanapassageoftext.Astudyintoimagerecognition,carriedoutbyProfessorRalphHaberin1970,foundthathumanshaveanalmostphotographicmemorywhenitcomestotherecognitionofpictures,makingimagesanexcellentmemoryaid.Incredibly,Haberfoundthattheaveragehuman,whenshown10,000photographs,canremembermorethan98percentofthem.
Justimaginethatwhenyouhavecompletedyourfirst100MindMaps,youwillmostlikelyremember100outof100ofthem–that’s100percentrecall.Nowimagineyourfirst1,000MindMaps!Andnowimaginecompleting10,000MindMapsfor10,000booksyou’vestudied:evenifyoucanrecallonly98percentofthem,howincrediblewouldthatbe?MindMappingoffersarelativelyeasywaytobecomeageniusamonggeniuses!Yourfirst100MindMapswillbeabattalionofsoldiersagainstthebastionofignorance.
Makeyourimagesasclearaspossible.ThegreatertheclarityinyourMind
Makeyourimagesasclearaspossible.ThegreatertheclarityinyourMindMap,themoreelegant,gracefulandattractiveitwillappear.Aclearimagewillleadtoaclearresponse.Claritywillcleansethelensesofyoureyesandwillhelpyoutoseetheworldmorelikeachildoranartistdoes.Yourpowersofperceptionwillincrease.
PLAYWITHWORDS
Forclarity,impactandfreedom,remembertouseonlyonekeywordoneachbranchofyourMindMap.Asinglekeywordisaloteasiertorememberthanaphraseandwilllodgeinthememory.Likeapebbledroppedinapool,itwillrippleoutandtriggerlotsofdifferentassociations,therebystimulatingyourthinking.Moreover,byfocusingononewordperbranch,youareforcedtodeliberateaboutpreciselywhichwordbestrepresentsyouridea.Thismeansactivelyengagingyourpowersofdiscriminationandanalysis;anditisoftenaprocessthatrequiresadegreeoffocusthatislackinginlinearnote-taking,whichbycomparisoncanbeamuchmorepassiveandunproductivepractice.
Akeywordshouldalwayssitonabranchofthesamelength.ThiswillallowyoutoplaceanumberofwordsincloseproximitytoeachotherinyourMindMap,therebyencouragingyoutofindevenmoreassociationsasthewords“bounce”offeachother.ItwillalsomakeyourMindMapappearlessclutteredandallowyoutoincludemoreinformationinit.
Writethewordsincapitalstogivethemdefinitionandtomakeiteasierforyourmindtovisualizethem.KeepingyourMindMap’shierarchyofideasinmind,youcanuseupperandlowercaselettersinthesubbranchestoshowtherelativeimportanceofwordsonyourMindMap.
TomakethemostimportantelementsinyourMindMapstandoutandbecomeeasytoremember,writeanywordsassociatedwiththemin
THREEDIMENSIONSDEVELOPSYNAESTHESIA
Theword“synaesthesia”referstoaperceptualphenomenoninwhichareactionisprovokedinasenseorapartofthebodythroughthestimulationofanothersenseorbodypart.Forexample,apersonwithsynaesthesiamightassociateeachdayoftheweekwithadifferentcolourandtexture:Tuesdaysmightbebluewiththetextureofdeep-pilecarpet,whileSundayscouldbeyellowwiththetextureofbubbles.
Synaesthesiaisoftendescribedasamentaldisorderthatcausespeopletobecomeconfusedbytheirsensoryperceptions.Iwouldarguethatthisattitudeismistaken,aswell-organizedsynaesthesiacanactuallyincreasethepowersofthebrain.AMindMapcanbeconsideredanorganizedsynaestheticthinkingtool.Inaway,itisaphysicalandmentalmanifestationofthepowerofassociation.So,let’sdispelanyfearsaboutthis.UsesynaesthesiawhenMindMappingbyengagingallfivesensesinyourwordsandimages:sight,smell,hearing,tasteandtouch.Alsothinkaboutthepowerofmovement,whichcanbesuggestedthroughtheorganicformofthebranches,andconsiderinwhatotherwaysthiscanbemademanifestinaMindMap.
BECOMEACODEMAKER
Wehavealreadyseenhowcolourisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsforenhancingmemoryandcreativity.Tomakeyouruseofcolourhaveevenmoreimpact,createyourowncolourcodesbymatchingspecificcolourstoyourBOIs.AcarefullyconsidereduseofcolourcodeswillhelpyouaccesstheinformationinyourMindMapmorequickly,improveyourmemoryofit,andincreasethenumberandrangeofyourcreativeideas.
Imagineyouare,forexample,creatingaMindMapofWuXing,thefivetraditionalelementsinChinesephilosophy.Keepingthemostsuitablecoloursinmind,youwoulddecidetocolourthemainbranchforWoodingreen,Fireinorange,Earthinbrown,MetalinsilverandWaterinblue.
Inadditiontousingcolourcodesinyourmainbranches,youcancreateothercodestoforgeinstantconnectionsbetweendifferentareasofyourMindMap.Thesecodescouldbequitesimpleandtaketheformofcrossesandticks,forexample;orunderlinesandshapessuchascircles,trianglesandsquaresplacedcarefullyaroundyourMindMap;ortheycouldbemoreelaboratesymbols–evenshownin3D.Thinkofthetraditionalfootnotesymbolsusedintypographyasaprototypeofthesortsofsymbolyoucouldinvent.AndremembertheMajor
asaprototypeofthesortsofsymbolyoucouldinvent.AndremembertheMajorSystemthatImentionedbrieflyintheIntroduction,whichusesacodetoconvertnumbersintosoundsandthenwords.
Likefootnotesymbols,youcanusecodestolinksourcematerialsuchasbiographicalreferencestoyourMindMap,ortorepresentparticularelementssuchasanynames,datesoreventsthatcropupfrequentlyinyournotes.Whichevercodesyoucreate,theywillhelpreinforcethecategorizationandhierarchyofyourideasintheMindMap.
ThemorevisuallyexcitingyourMindMap,thebetteryourresultswillbe.
MAKECONNECTIONS
Likecodes,connectingbranchesandrelationshiparrowscanbeusedtolinkupseparateareasandbranchesonaMindMap,showinghowseeminglydifferentconceptsrelatetoeachother.Inthisway,branchesandarrowsalsohelpyourbraincreateconnectionsbetweenideas.InkeepingwithaMindMap’suseofimagery,connectingbranchescantaketheformofcurves,circles,loopsandchainsoranyothershapesthatappealtoyourimagination.
RelationshiparrowswillautomaticallydirectyoureyetoconnectonepartofaMindMapwithanother;inthisway,theyencourageyourmindtofollowyourgazeandtherebygivespatialdirectiontoyourthoughts,promotingdivergentandhighlycreativethinking.Likeconnectingbranches,arrowscanvaryinsize,formanddimension.Theycanalsobemulti-headed,linkinganumberofdifferentbranches.
USEBOUNDARIESANDCHUNKING
IinventedBrainPatternNotesinthe1950sand1960sasaprecursortothefullyfledgedMindMap.TheyfeaturedinmyBBCTVseriesUseYourHead.AlthoughBrainPatternNotesreliedonwordsratherthanimages,theyusedbranchesandcolour:inthem,Iinstinctivelysurroundedseparatebranchesandtheirsubbrancheswithcolourfulboundaries.Thoseboundariescouldtaketheformofawavylineoracloud-likebubble,andwouldencloseasetofideas
associatedwithaspecifictopicinawaythatmadethemeasytorememberandtocommunicatetoothers.
LittledidIknowitatthetime,butthistechniqueissimilartochunking,whichisawell-knownmnemonictechniquefirstdescribedbytheAmericanpsychologistGeorgeArmitageMiller(1920–2012)in1956.ThetermcamefromMiller’sfamouspaper“TheMagicalNumberSeven,PlusorMinusTwo”,inwhichheexplainedhowtheshort-termmemorycanonlystoresevenitemsofinformationefficiently.Millerthendescribedhowatechniquesuchaschunkingcanbeusedtoextendmemoryspan.
AsIdevelopedtheMindMap,Isawhowchunkingcouldplayausefulroleincertaincircumstances.InMindMapping,theoutlineofaboundarycreatesauniqueshapeofitsown,makingitmemorableinitsownright,aswellasgroupinginformationinawaythatsuitstheworkingsoftheshort-termmemory.BoundariesandchunkingcanbeespeciallyhelpfulwhencreatingintricateMindMapsthatcoveravarietyoftopicswithmanydifferentlevelsofinformation.
However,boundariesandchunkingshouldbeappliedsensitivelytoMindMaps,asthereisadelicatebalanceatwork.IfaMindMapisstillaworkinprogress,everyextendingbranchneedstobe“open”andfreetomakenewconnections.Ifabranchisoutlinedwithaboundarytoosoon,theMindMapperwillpotentiallyplacethemselvesinarestrictiveprison.
Ensurethatyouneverconfineyourthinkingtoalinearprison.AgoodMindMapperremainsfree.
MakeYourThoughtsVisibleFeelingstuck?Chooseoneofthesetopicsasyourcentralconcept:
happinesspeaceworksuccess
NowthatyouhaveyourMindMapstarterkit,itistimetopractisecreatingMindMaps.Themoreyoucando,thebetter!KeepreferringtotheLawsasyougo.
yougo.
OnceyouhavecompletedyourMindMap,takeagoodlookatit.Whatdoyoulikeaboutit?Whatneedsalittlemoreattention?MindMapyourownresponsesandreactions.
Now,chooseanothersubjectandstartagain.
GIVEYOURSELFSPACETOBREATHE
WehaveseenhowthesizeofawordoranimageisusedtodenoteitsimportanceinaMindMap’shierarchy.
Thelargeranitem,thegreateritsvisualimpactandthemorelikelyyouwillbetorecallit.
ThespacebetweenelementsinaMindMapcanbeasimportantastheitemsthemselves.TherightamountofspacearoundeachitemwillgiveyourMindMapclarityandstructure,andmakeitmorevisuallyappealing–whichinturnmeansthatyouaremorelikelytoabsorbtheinformationinit.
DevelopmentofaMindMapper
TherearethreestagesinthecareersofmostsuccessfulMindMappers:
Acceptance:BeforeyoustartMindMapping,setasideanypreconceptionsyouhaveaboutyourintelligence,yourimaginationoryourartisticskill.FollowtheLawsofMindMappinguntilyoubecomecompletelyfamiliarwiththem.YouwilldiscoverevenmoreabouttheimportanceofimagesandcolourbystudyingtheworksofartistssuchasLeonardodaVinciandLorraineGill,whoinfluencedthedevelopmentofMindMapping.
Application:OnceyouhaveunderstoodtheLaws,applythembycreatingasmanyMindMapsasyoucan.UseMindMapswheneveryouneedtotakenotes,forexample,orifyouneedtomakedecisionsoracquireanewskill.Youwill
findarangeofpracticalapplicationssuggestedinthischapter.Haveagoatthese,andthinkofotherwaysinwhichMindMappingwillenhanceandenrichyourownlife.
Adaptation:Withtime,youwilldevelopapersonalMindMappingstyle.OnceyouhavecreatedhundredsofMindMaps,youwillbereadytoexperimentbyadaptingtheMindMapform,takingittothenextlevel.
Journalling
KeepaworkingMindMapjournaltomakeMindMapspartofyoureverydaylife,perhapsusinganexercisebookoraringbinder.Justmakesurethatthepaperinitisblankandunlinedsothatyourbrainisfreetothinkcreatively,inanon-linearanduninhibitedway.PutyourfirstMindMapinprideofplaceonthefirstpageofyourjournal.(GluetheMindMapsintoyourjournalifnecessary.)YoucanuseaMindMapjournalproductivelyalongsideMindMappingdiaries,schedulesandplanners(seeChapter5,page164).AjournalwillallowyoutoseehowyourskillatMindMappingimproveswithtime.Itwillprovideastorehouseforyourideas,sothatyoucanseeataglancehowyourthinkingisevolving.Anditwillbeahandyresourcetodipintowheneveryouneedinspiration.
KeyApplicationsofMindMaps
WhenIoriginallydevelopedtheMindMap,Ididn’trealizeatfirstquitehowadaptablethisthinkingtoolis.Tobeginwith,Iwasintentonfindingaharmonicwaytoexternalizethoughts–tomaterializeontheoutsidewhatlayinsidetheworkingsofthebrain.AsI’vementioned,thistooksomedecadestoachieveandintheprocessanarchitectureofthinkingemergedthatwithtimeevolvedintotheMindMap.WhenIhadrefinedtheMindMap,myfascinationwiththeartofmemoryremainedatthefore,andIusedMindMappingmainlyasamnemonicdevice.Abreakthroughcamewhenmybrother,ProfessorBarryBuzan,challengedmetorevisitmyentireapproachtoMindMapping.HeaskedmewhyIhadonlydevelopedtheMindMapforthepurposesofmemory,ratherthanforotherformsofthinkingsuchascreativity.Atfirst,Idismissedhissuggestion.ButIsleptonit,andthenextdayIrealizedmybrotherwasright!MindMaps
ButIsleptonit,andthenextdayIrealizedmybrotherwasright!MindMapscannaturallybeappliedtoallareasoflife.
MINDMAPTHEKEYAPPLICATIONSOFMINDMAPPING!Laterinthischapter,wewillbelookinginmoredetailatthevariedandexcitingwaysinwhichMindMappingcanbeused.Beforezoominginonthedetail,let’sconcentrateonsomeofthekeyapplicationsofMindMapping–andwhatbetterwaytodothisthanthroughaMindMap!
Step1
ToMindMapthesixmajorapplicationsofMindMaps,beginwiththecentralimage.Inthiscentralimage,theword“APPLICATIONS”issurroundedbytheoutlineofakeytomaketheworditselfmorememorable.
Step2
Abranchgrowsfromthecentralimage.InthisMindMap,ittakesthelabel“HOME”andiscolouredorange(forhearthandhome).Themainbranchstartstogrowsubbranches.HOME,forexample,isassociatedwithlove,family,friendsandpastimes.
Step3
FivemoremainbranchesfollowforWORK,EDUCATION,CREATIVITY,WELLBEINGandMEMORY.Someofthesehavesmallrelevantsymbolsbesidethem.
Step4
Thesemainbranchesalsostarttogrowsubbranches.EDUCATION,forexample,isassociatedwithschool,university,studiesandexams.
Step5
ThecompletedMindMapfollowstheLawswithasinglewordsittingoneachbranch,accompaniedbylotsoffunandmemorableimages.
WhilethisMindMaplooksatthesixkeyapplicationsforMindMapping,thinkaboutthesixaspectsYOUwouldchooseifyouweretomakeaMindMaprepresentingthekeyareasinyourownlife.
ThinkofthisMindMapaboutkeyapplicationsasanembryonicMindMapwithwhichtoexploretheincredibleuniverseofyourlife.Thesefirstsixapplications
whichtoexploretheincredibleuniverseofyourlife.ThesefirstsixapplicationsareplanetsandyourMindMapisaspacecraftthatwillenableyoutovisiteachofthesixlandingpointsinturn.Onceoneofthemhasbeenexploredorcompleted–perhapswhenyouhaveachievedagoalorbecomeachampioninyourfield–MindMappingwillhelpyoutravelontodiscovernewexperiencesandmeetnewchallenges.
YoucanuseaMindMapforeveryaspectofyourlife:businessorleisure,studyorpersonaldevelopment.Youcould,forexample,MindMapthebestconversationsyou’veeverhad,orcreateaMindMapforyourdreams,thenusetheMindMaptoturnthosedreamsintostoriesorpoems.
ThenextpagesexploreeachofthefundamentalapplicationsofMindMaps–home,work,education,creativity,wellbeingandmemory–ineachcasesuggestinglotsofgreatwaysinwhichyoucanuseMindMappingtoachieveyourgoalsinthoseareasoflife.IhaveincludedsomesampleMindMapstoactasinspirationandapossiblestartingpoint,butofcourse,aseachperson’sMindMapsareuniquetothem,yourownMindMapswillprobablyenduplookingquitedifferent.MoreadvancedusagesofMindMapsforeachoftheirkeyapplicationsaresuggestedthroughoutChapter5.
KEYMINDMAPAPPLICATION1:HOME
Formanyofus,theoldsayingistrue:homeiswheretheheartis.Homeprovidesarefugefromtheworldandaplaceinwhichtoexpressourindividualityandenjoysomeofourclosestrelationships.Itisbothasafehavenandtheequivalentofanalchemist’scrucible–wherewecreateimportantmemoriesandexperiencelife-changingmilestonessuchasbirth,childhood,marriage,parenthoodandretirement.It’salsotheplacewherewenurtureourdreamsandchaseourpersonalambitions–andhavefunandthrowparties!
AchieveaPersonalGoal
Takeamomenttoreflectontheareasinyourdailylifethataremostimportanttoyou.Nowthinkaboutwhatgoalsyouwouldliketoachieve.TheMindMapoppositeisallabouttrainingforamarathon,butitsunderlyingprinciplescouldbeadaptedtohelpyouachieveanypersonalgoal.TheBasicOrderingIdeas(BOIs)reflectalong-distancerunner’skeyconcerns:training,nutrition,
equipment,motivationandobstacles.UsingthisMindMapasinspiration,makeaMindMapforagoalofyourown.
Drawacentralimagethatrepresentswhatyouwanttoachieve.Next,reflectonthiscentralimageandcreateBOIbranchesthatrelatetoit.Thesecouldrelatetothepracticalstepsyouneedtotakeandthingsyouneedtoacquire,whetherthat’sequipmenttobuyorsomethingmoreintangible,suchascourageorperseverance.Motivationisanimportantbranch,askeepinggoingiscrucialtoanylong-termgoal.Youcanexploreallthebenefitsyouwillgainfromsuccess,whethertheyrelatetoyourhealth,financesorself-esteem,andnotedownwhoorwhatwillsupportyouinyourendeavour.Youmightwantanotherbranchaboutobstacles,asfacinguptoallthepossibleobstaclesisagoodstartingpointfordealingwiththem.Yoursubbrancheswilldelvedeeperintothesethemes,topindowndetailssuchasthelengthoftimeyouneedtoreachyourgoal,andexactlywhatyouneedtodotogetthere.YoucanexploretheindividualstagesofyourjourneyasfullyasyouneedinthisMindMap,orperhapscreatemoreMindMapstoexploreeachstepfurther.
MINDMAPFORACHIEVINGAPERSONALGOAL:MARATHONTRAINING
Ifyouhaveatendencytoputotherpeoples’needsaheadofyourown,youarelikelytofindgoal-settingMindMappingespeciallyhelpful.Perhapsyou’dlovetorunamarathonbutyoualwaysendupbeingtoobusyrushingaroundonbehalfofothers–gettingthekidstofootballmatches,pickingupyourpartnerfromthegym–todoanyexerciseofyourownatall(nevermindtrainingforamarathon!).Ifso,creatingaMindMapisagreatwaytoensureyourowngoalbecomesapriorityintheeverydayroutineofyouandyourfamily.HangyourfinishedMindMaponthewalltoremindyouandeveryoneelseofyourdreamambition,andmakesurestrivingtoachieveitreallydoesbecomepartofyourdailylife.
PlanYourWeek
Settingasideyourbiglifegoalsforamoment,whatdoyouneedtoachievethisweek?Howabouttomorroworevenlaterontoday?
MindMapsmakegreatpersonalorganizersandplanners.Ratherthanclickingonindividualdatesonacomputerscreen,leafingthroughdiarypagesorflickingendlesslythroughacalendar,aMindMapofyourweeklyactivitiesenablesyoutodigestinonegowhatliesahead.Forewarnedisforearmed,andwhenyoucanyouseeataglancewhattheweekholds,youwillbepreparedandknowhowtoallocateyourtimeandenergymostproductively.
Foryourcentralimage,chooseasymbolthatrepresentsyourthoughtsabouttheweek,orthemostimportantaspectofit.Alternatively,youcouldsimplydrawapictureofyourhome,orrepresentthedateinsomeway,suchaswitha3Dversionof“WeekXX”(it’sWeek26inourexample).Movingclockwisearoundthecentralimage,usedifferentcolourstocreatesevenmainbranches,oneforeachdayoftheweek.Writethedayabovethebranch,thenfillthesubbrancheswiththingsyouwouldliketoremember,orscheduledactivities.Useconnectingarrowstolinksimilaractivitiesondifferentdays,oraddsomechunkingifthereisasetofactivitiesthatisparticularlyimportantononeofthedays.
MINDMAPFORPLANNINGYOURWEEK:WEEK26–ANNIVERSARYWEEK
Intheexampleonpage83,theMindMapperisplanningawonderfulweddinganniversarycelebrationonSaturdaynight,sothecentralimagesincludealovingcouple,aswellasanexcitedchild(therearelotsofplaydateshappeningthatweektoo).PlanningthecelebrationsinvolvesMindMappingareminderonMondaytobookarestaurantandticketstoseeaband,aswellastheall-importantbabysitter.ThegiftsandthecardwillbetakencareofonFriday–withMindMappingthere’snodangerofgettingintotroubleoveraforgottenanniversaryorbirthday!AlltheotherkeyeventsoftheweekareMindMappedtoo,frommeetingsandapresentationatworktochildren’sactivitiestoexercisesessions.
YoumayfindithelpfultouseyourweeklyMindMapalongsideMindMappingplannersandschedulers(seeChapter5,page164),asthiswillallowyoutozoominonthedetailsofindividualdaysaswellasgainanoverviewoflongerperiodsoftime.Thatway,youwillbeabletolookaheadandenjoyadegreeofcontroloveryourschedule,avoidclashesandanypotentiallyunpleasant
surprises,makingsureyoumaintainahealthyandrewardingbalanceofwork,restandplay.
PLANTOGETHER
Ifyoushareyourhomewithotherpeople,whetherthat’sfamilyorhousemates,whynotcreateajointweeklyplannerMindMapforallyouractivities?Manyofuswillhaveexperiencedthedisagreementsandrowsthatcanflareupwhenthereareconflictingactivitiesenjoyedbydifferentmembersofthehousehold,orwhenindividualsdon’tseemtobepullingtheirweightandtakingontheirfairshareofthehouseworkorothertasks.Anotherproblemformanyhouseholdsliesinthewayinwhichthedifferentmemberssimplydon’tknowwhattheothersareuptowhentheyarenotalltogether.ThegoodnewsisthataMindMapcanremedythisandchangeeverybody’sbehaviourforthebetterbymakinghouseholdmembersmoreappreciativeofeachotherastheybegintounderstandjusthowbusyeverybodyelseis,orsimplybymakingsurethateverybodytakestheirturntotakeoutthetrashanddothewashingup!
LikeapersonalweeklyplannerMindMap,ajointplannerwillincludebranchesforeachdayoftheweekahead,withsubbranchesshowingallthedifferentactivities–and,importantly,chores!–thatarescheduledtotakeplaceonanyoneday.YoucanalsouseaMindMaplikethistoinspireeveryonetosticktotheirchosengoal,whetherthat’spractisingguitarfor20minuteseverydayorgoingforarunthreetimesaweek.Stickyourjointplannertothefridgeorsomewhereelsewhereeveryonecanseeitanditcan’tbeignored.
MindMappinghouseholdsarehappierandhealthier–andgiveeachothermorebreaks!
PlanaKids’PartyWhodoesn’tenjoyagoodparty?Planningaparty,however,canbequiteanothermatter–especiallyachildren’sparty,whereexpectationsappeartohaverocketedinrecentyears.Longgonearethedayswhenyoucouldjustfeedthelittledarlingssomejellyandicecream,andexpectthemtoentertainthemselvesforacoupleofhours.Today,throwingakid’sbirthdaypartycanbeabitlikeorganizingamilitarymanoeuvre,coveringallthebasesandpreparingforeveryeventuality.Happily,theMindMapisonhandtohelp.InthisMindMap,I’veusedtheexampleofachildren’sbirthdaypartywithasuperherotheme,butyou
usedtheexampleofachildren’sbirthdaypartywithasuperherotheme,butyoucanofcourseuseanythemeyoulike–orleaveoutthechildrencompletely,ifyouwish!
MINDMAPFORPLANNINGAKIDS’PARTY
Thecorelogisticsofmostpartiesarethesameforchildrenandadults:onceyou’vesetthedate,youneedtochooseatheme(ifyouwantone)andavenue,settingconsiderationssuchascost,spaceandtransportagainsteachother.Thendrawupyourguestlistandplantheentertainment,thefoodanddrinksandthedecorations,exploringtheseonthemainbranchesandsubbranchesofyourMindMap.Ifthepartyisgoingtoincludeanyspecialfeatures,suchasgames,swimmingoramagician,includetheseinyourMindMaptoo.Youcouldalsouseoneofthebranchestoexplorehowyourpartywillreflectthetheme,perhapsthroughcostumes,decorationsandthesmallgiftsthatthechildrengettotakehome.Withanexcitingtopicsuchasakid’sparty,youcanreallyhavefuncreatingyourMindMap,especiallyifthereisathemeinvolved.
FindthePerfectGift
Youarewellaheadwiththepartyplanning,sonowyouhaveplentyoftimetobuygifts.AMindMapisagreatwaytorecordthelikesanddislikesofyourfamilyandfriendswhenitcomestobuyingpresents.Ifyouhaveeverfoundyourselfwanderinginadazearoundadepartmentstoreclutchingasolitarypairofsocksorashoppingbasketcrammedwithpotentialgifts,andnoideawhomtogivethemto,youwilllikelyfindaMindMapthatorganizesyourideasveryhandy.
Tocreateyourowngift-findingMindMap,drawaninspiringcentralimageinthecentreofahorizontalsheetofpaper.Thiscouldbeawrapped-upparcelwithabowontop,orastarburstingoutofabox,orsomethingwildlikeaunicornwitharainbow-colouredhorntosymbolizewishescomingtrue.
Useyourimaginationtomakeyourcentralimageinterestingandeyecatchingtocapturethespiritofgiftgiving.
Nowcreatecolour-codedmainbranchesforeachofthepeopleonyourshoppinglist.Createsubbranchesfortheirlikesanddislikes.Usesymbolsaswellaswordstoillustratethese.Fillyoursubbrancheswithfunimagesthatrelatetotheintendedrecipientofthegift.
Next,createsub-sub-branchestopushyourimaginationandinventivenessontothenextlevel.Inaperfectworld,whatwouldyoubuythatpersonifmoneywerenoobject?Oriftherewerenoconsiderationsofgeographytotakeintoaccount,oranyotherobstacles?Returningtoreality,whatwouldafun(andaffordable)equivalentbe?
WhenyouhavecompletedyourMindMap,keepitinyouryearlyplanner,whereyoucanrefertoitwheneverafriend’sorrelative’sbirthdayapproaches.OruseitalittlebitlikeaconventionallistatChristmastime,tickingoffeachofthebranchesoncetheperfectpresenthasbeenfoundforthatperson.
Remember:nevercrossoutanythingonaMindMap!
CrossingoutanythingonaMindMapmeansobliteratingwhatyouhave
CrossingoutanythingonaMindMapmeansobliteratingwhatyouhaveaccomplishedanderasingamemoryofyourlife;incontrast,apagefullofpositiveticksorsmileyfacesacknowledgesyouraccomplishments.IfyouareusingyourMindMaptobuypresentsorplananevent,alwaysuseatickoranotherappropriatesymbolwhenyou’vefoundtheperfectgiftorcompletedatask.
PlanaRomanticMinibreak
Haveyoueverfalleninloveandwantedtotreatyourheart’sdesiretoawonderfulsurprise?Orperhapsyouhavebeentogetherforyears,andarelookingforwaystorekindletheflamesofromance?Whatbetterwaytocelebrateorcementyourrelationshipthanbywhiskingyourlovedoneofftoawonderfullocationforaminibreak,whereyoucanspendqualitytimetogether…Unfortunately,likethrowingaparty,planningaromanticgetawaycansometimesbeastressfulbusiness,andtheworryoforganizingitcantakethesparkoutoftheexperiencebeforeyouevengetthere.Tomakeyourtimetogethermagicratherthanmayhem,useaMindMaptoplanallthedetails,fromwheretostaytohowtogettheretowhattodo.
Whetheryouaregoingtotreatyourlovedonetoaminibreakcompletewithwoodlandwalks,finewinesandcosyingupbythefire,ordancingtilldawnonanexoticbeachsomewhere,useaMindMaptofine-tunethedetails.Intheareaofromance,MindMapscanactlikeamagicwand,helpingtheenchantmentoflovetobecomestronger–andremainstrong,asitmeansthatpassionandimpulsearetemperedwiththoughtfulnessandplanning.
Onceyoureturnfromyourbreak,ifeverythinghasgonewellyoucouldkeepyourMindMapasapreciousmemento.If,ontheotherhand,thingshaven’tgonesmoothly,perhapsforreasonsbeyondyourcontrol,youcouldkeeptheMindMapasahandyreminderaboutwhattododifferentlynexttime(whichmightevenmeangoingawaywithanotherperson…).
ImproveaDifficultRelationship
Sometimes,despitethebestofintentions,arelationshiphitstherocks.Thetroublemightnotalwaysoccurinarelationshipwitharomanticpartner,butcouldjustaseasilybewithaparent,asibling,acolleagueorafriend.Whoever
isthesourceofyourunhappiness,relationshipdifficultiescanbeadevastatingexperienceanditcanbeverydifficulttoknowhowtomakethingsbetterortorepairanydamage.Ifyouareexperiencingproblemsinarelationship,aMindMapcanhelpyoufindasenseofperspectiveandawayforward;itcouldhelpyouunderstandtheotherperson’spositionandspotwhereyoucancompromise.(SeealsoChapter5,page169,foramoreadvancedapproachtoconflictresolution.)
MINDMAPFORIMPROVINGADIFFICULTRELATIONSHIP
InaMindMaplikethis,theideaisnottoclosedownyourthinking,toconfirmanyprejudicesyoucouldbeharbouring,ortoentrenchyourposition,buttoremaintruetotheprinciplesofRadiantThinking–andtoallowyourideastoradiateoutaccordingly.Tothatend,IwouldadviseyoutouseneutralorpositivetermswhereverpossibleinyourMindMap.Inmyexampleopposite,theMindMapperhasaproblemwithhisbrother,Dan.He’schosenacentralimageofabiketorepresentthepositivechildhoodmemorieshehasofgoingcyclingwithDan.ThefirstbranchexploresthefeelingsthatbubbleupatthethoughtofDan,bothnegativeandpositive.ThesecondbranchdelvesintospecificsofwhattheMindMapperdoesn’tlikeaboutDan,whilethethirdbranchmovesontolookinmoredetailattheMindMapper’sownresponsetoDan;doingthis,hebeginstounderstandhowhecanrespondtoDaninabetter
way.Thefourthbranch,whichendsupbeingthebiggestbranch,looksatallthethingsthattheMindMapperlovesabouthisbrother,andthefinalbranchexploreswhohecouldturntosupporthisattemptsatreconciling.Interestingly,thegirlfriendwhowasinitiallyperceivedasaproblem(oneofthereasonsDanisunavailable)becomesapotentialsourceofhelponthisbranch.
MakeyourMindMaphonest,openandbalanced.Workthroughyouremotions,yetremainreceptive:foreverypotentialnegative,includeapositive.Ifyoufindtheprocessupsetting,takeabreakandcomebacktotheMindMapwhenyoufeelcalmer.Whenyoureturntoit,youmaywellfindthatitalreadyrevealsallsortsofpossibilitiesthatwillhelpyoufindawayoutofthischallengingsituation.
KEYMINDMAPAPPLICATION2:WORK
Accordingtorecentstatistics,theaverageBritonwillspendtheequivalentof12fullyearsatworkduringhisorherlifetime.What’smore,researchersatLondonMetropolitanUniversityhavefoundthatfouryearsofthisperiodwillbespenttalkingonthephone.AstudybyManagementTodayclaimsthatworkersinthepublicsectorarelikelytospendnearlytwoyearsoftheirworkinglifeinmeetings,andaroundsixmonthsofthistimewillbewastedonneedlessminutiaeandpointlessdiscussions…
Inthefaceofsuchdiscouragingfacts,howcanwemakeourworkinglivesmoreproductiveandenjoyable?WithMindMapsofcourse!
WhetheryouarecreatingaMindMapforresearchworkorforprojectmanagement,approachitinthespiritofagame,ratherthanasachore,toensureacreativewin–winoutcome!
ThefollowingpagesexploresomekeyusesofMindMapsinabusinessenvironment,fromtimemanagementtoresearchtoreportwriting.SeealsoChapter5formoreadvancedapplicationsofMindMappingintheworkplaceandelsewhere.
TimeManagement
MindMappingisamultitasktoolsoit’sidealforhelpingyoutomultitask!WehavealreadyseenhowusefulaMindMapcanbeforplanningyourweek(page82).Doyoufindyourselfgettingsocaughtupintheday-todaydemandsofworkthatyounevergetachancetoplanandprioritize?Creatingawork-focusedMindMapatthestartoftheworkingweek,orperhapsattheendoftheprecedingone,isagreatwayofforcingyourselftostopandreassessyourpriorities.AMindMapfortimemanagementcouldbestructuredaroundthedaysoftheweek,highlightingdeadlinesandimportantevents,orperhapstheBOIscouldreflectthedifferentprojectsyouareworkingon,withsubbranchesexploringthekeyprioritiesforeachprojectovertheweektocome.ItmayfeelcounterintuitivetostopworkinordertocreateaMindMap,buttimespentmanagingyourtimewillcreateevenmoretimeinthelongrun!
ResearchaTopic
Ifyouworkinanofficeenvironment,thechancesareyouwillhavetocarryoutsomeresearchatsomepoint.Thiscouldbeintosalesperformance,newmarketstoexplore,orinnovativeandmoney-savingapproachestoexistingtasks.
WhenusingaMindMaptoresearchatopic,createacentralimagethatdefinesthesubjectsuccinctlyandpositively.Thefirstofyourmainbranchescouldrepresenttheapproachorangleyouintendtotake,whilethesecondmaylistthetypesofinformationyouwillneedtoresearch,suchasevidence,opinion,hardfacts,andotherexistingresearchandanalyses.Athirdbranchcouldrelatetoyoursources,withsubbranchesforprimaryandsecondarysources.Yourfourthbranchwouldthenbeforwaysyoucanassessyourmaterial,whileafifthbranchlookedathowbesttoorganizeyourinformationandfindings.Perhapsdedicateasixthbranchtothebestwaysinwhichtopresentyourresearchtomaximizeitsimpact.
Thesubbrancheswouldlookatthesemainareasinmoredetail.Asyoufillthemin,youmaybesurprisedbytheideasthatcomeup–don’tcensorthem.MindMappingisgreatfor“thinkingoutsidethebox”.Don’tbeafraidtoleavesubbranchesemptyattimes;thiswillencourageyoutocomeupwithcreativesolutionstofillthegaps.
WriteanAnnualReport
IntheMindMapexampleopposite,youarefacedwiththedauntingtaskofcreatinganannualreport.Whilemakingyouraccountspublicinanannualreportmaybealegalrequirement,thisisalsoanopportunitytoshowcaseyourbusinessanditssuccessesoverthelastyearinordertoattractinvestorsandcustomers,andreallymakeyourenterprisestandoutinthemarketplace.
Yourcentralimagecouldbeonethatencapsulatesthecompanyvision,tohelpyoukeepittotheforefrontofyourmind.Ifyouareanorganicjuicemanufacturer,asintheexampleinthisbook,youmightwanttosketchatrendybottlesurroundedbyfruit.
Nowworkthroughthestructureofyourreport,allocatingabranchforeachelement.Asyouwork,you’llprobablyfindthatcreativesolutionsandunusualapproachesspringtomind.Forexample,perhapstheCEOcouldbefilmeddeliveringtheintroductionandalinktothisrecordingembeddedintheonlineversionofthedocument.Onebranchcouldexploretheindustryoverviewandtheopportunitiesandchallengesrecentchangeshavepresentedtoyourcompany.Thenextbranchcouldthendelveintothereport’snextsection:arecapofbusinessobjectives,especiallywithregardtofinancialtargets,theneedtostayaheadofthemarketintermsofdesignandalsooffergreatcustomerservice.
Thenmoveontoachievements–thisisanimportantbranchsobecreativewithyourMindMapdesign.Onebranchwillremindyouofthefinancialdetailsyouneedtoinclude,andyoucanuseanotheronetoexplorepossibleconclusions.Finally,takeabranchortwotothinkaboutideasforthedesignofthedocument(especiallyimportantifyouareworkinacreativeorfashionableindustry)andthepresentationitself,ifthereportisgoingtobedeliveredaspartofanevent.
MINDMAPFORWRITINGANANNUALREPORT
AJourneyontheMagicCarpetofMindMapping
Excellenttoolsforplanningandmemorization,MindMapshaveanespeciallystrongaffinitywiththespheresofworkandeducation,makingtheseaspectsofourlivesmuchmorerewardingandpleasurable,asdemonstratedbythestoryofSriLankan-bornDrDilipAbayasekara.
Today,Dilipisindemandasaprofessionalspeaker,communicationstrainerandauthorwhosebooksincludeThePathoftheGenie:YourJourneytoYourHeart’sDesire.HeisalsoaformerInternationalPresidentofToastmastersInternational,aworldwidenon-profiteducationalorganizationthatempowersindividualstobecomeeffectivecommunicators
andleaders.YetDilipstartedhiscareerasascientist.Onhiswaytoworkoneday,hestartedlisteningtoataperecordingaboutMindMappingandbecamehungrytolearnmore.Hetakesuphisstory:
IstartedtoMindMapanddiscoveredthepowerofitfrommyveryfirstattempt.Atthattime,Iwasascientist.IappliedMindMappingtomywork,usingittooutlinemyreportsfrommylabnotebook,andtoanalysetechnicalissues,spotpatterns,gaininsightsandorganizedata.ThediscoveryofthepotentialapplicationsofMindMappingwasamind-blowingandmind-liberatingexperienceasIappliedMindMappingtoanythingandeverything!IalsodiscoveredthatifyouMindMapyourthoughts,youcanthinkbetter!Iwassoexcitedaboutthepowerofthistool,Itaughtittomywifeandmytwochildren.
Iwentontohaveacareertransitionfrombeingascientistintobeingaspeechcoachandtrainer,acollegeprofessorandapastor(allofwhichIcurrentlydo).TheoneindispensabletoolthatiscommontoalloftheseexcitingventuresisMindMapping.IhavetaughthundredsofprofessionalsandpastorshowtoMindMap.
Iwas(andstillam)anavidspeakerandamemberofToastmasters,soitwasquitenaturaltoapplyMindMappingtospeechpreparation.GonewerethedayswhenIlabouredoveraspeech,writingeverysentenceinlinearform!Idiscoveredthatnotonlywasspeechpreparationmorefun,Igeneratedmoreideas,savedmoretime,andhadtheMindMapsoetchedinmymindthatIdidnotneedtorefertonoteswhenIdeliveredthespeech!Infact,IrecallthatonedaywhenIwasdrivingtoaToastmasters’clubmeetinglocatedanhouraway,Iaskedmypre-teendaughtertoMindMapaspeechthatIdictatedtoherasIdrove.Itwasfrommydaughter’sMindMapthatIdeliveredmyspeechthatevening!
Ifanyoneeverdoubtstheircapacitytothinkintelligentlyandcreatively,andhavefundoingit,Iofferonesolution–stopdraggingyourmentalfeetontheroadoflife;jumpontothemagiccarpetofMindMapping!Itisatoolformentalliberationandapathtothejoyofdiscoveringone’slimitlesscapacityto
andapathtothejoyofdiscoveringone’slimitlesscapacitytothink,createandrevelinusingwhatwetoooftentakeforgranted–themind!
Ifyouareinvolvedinacademiaoreducation,youcouldadaptanannualreport-styleMindMapforgivinglectures,presentingpapersoressaywriting(seeEssayPlanning,page102).
LimityourMindMappingtoburstsof20minutestokeepyourbrainrelaxedandyourthinkingfresh.
GreatProjectManagement
Whetheryouareorganizingaconference,launchinganewproductrangeorputtingonaschoolplay,projectmanagementispotentiallyacomplicatedandtime-consumingprocess.Ittypicallyinvolvesanumberofstages,fromthegenerationofideas,toplanning,delegation,allocatingresources,steeringandproducingthefinishedresult.AMindMapcanoffervaluablehelpateverystageofprojectmanagement.
Tomakesureyoursiseffective,useasheetofpaperthatislargeenoughtoencompassallthestepsyouneedtotake,oruseminiMindMapswherenecessary(seeChapter4,page142).Keepanopenmindateverypointintheprocedure,assessingthepotentialofeverypieceofnewinput.Makesurethateverysignificanttaskorconsiderationintheprojectisallocatedamajorbranchofitsown.Whentasksneedtobeaddressedurgently,emphasizethewordsandimagesthatrelatetothemwithahighlighterpen.Assoonastheyhavebeencompleted,markthemoffwithasatisfyingtick.
ForanadvancedMindMaponprojectmanagement,seetheversiononpage105thatPolishentrepreneurMarekKasperskicreatedforhisstudents,whichincludesbranchesforgoals,schedule,tasks,milestones,quality,budget,calendar,reporting,resources,trackingandbringingtheprojecttoaclose.YoucanselectandadapttheBOIstosuityourownproject.
KEYMINDMAPAPPLICATION3:EDUCATION
IbelieveeverychildonthisplanetshouldbetaughthowtoMindMapaspartoftheirbasicrighttoaroundededucation.ExperienceandstudieshaveshownhowMindMapscanhelpyoungchildrenandstudentsofallagesimprovetheirlevelsofconcentrationandcomprehension,memorizeinformationmoreeasilyandprepareconfidentlyforexams.
Likeanypractice,it’sgoodtostartyoungifyouwanttoachieveperfection.(ThinkofthosefledglingviolinistswhograduatefromtheYehudiMenuhinSchoolandgoontobecomesuperstarslikeNigelKennedyandNicolaBenedetti.)IhavementionedhowmyMindMappingadventuresbeganwhenIwasastudent,andtodayIreceivestoriesfromteachersandstudentsallovertheworldfromwhohavediscoveredthebenefitsofthisincrediblethinkingtool.
Butdon’tjusttakemywordforit…
Revision
Aswillbeclearbynow,MindMapsareincrediblyeffectiverevisionaids,breakingdownlengthytextsintoeasilydigestednuggetsofinformation.Atsomepointduringoureducation,manyofuswillhavestudiedtheworksofgreatauthorsandthinkers,andthenhadtomemorizeenoughabouttheminordertoanswerquestionsunderexamconditions.InChapter1,welookedatShakespeareasageneralexampleofhowtomakeaMindMap.Nowlet’sfocusononeofhisbest-knownworks–thetragedyMacbeth.
Accordingtosuperstition,Macbethissaidtobeacursedplay,andactorsbelieveitisunluckytosayitsnameinthetheatre.Instead,theyusetheeuphemism“theScottishPlay”.AttheheartoftheplayisthecharacterofMacbeth,awarriorherowhoseprivateambitionsandexcessiveprideleadtohisdownfall.AMindMapexploringthefigureofMacbethwoulduseadepictionofhimasitscentralimage.AsIhavestressedbefore,youmustn’tworryaboutyourartisticskills,orfeelinhibitedinanyway,whenyouarecreatingimagesforyourMindMap.
Asimplesketchworksjustaswellasadetaileddrawingforthecentralimage,solongasitiscolourful,fullofenergyand
longasitiscolourful,fullofenergyandencapsulatesthethemeforyou.
OneofthemainfeaturesaboutMacbethishisambition,sothisisthewordplacedonthefirstmainbranchinthisMindMap.Thebranchendsinanarrowtosymbolizehisrocketingaspirations.TherestofthemainbranchesrelatetoMacbeth’sotherdominantpersonalitytraits,includinghiscourageonthebattlefield,hispangsofconscience,andthewayhechangesfrombeingaherointoamonstereatenupbyambition.
TheMindMapstartstosproutsubbranchestoshowhow,forexample,Macbeth’sambitionexpressesitselfinhisdesiretobekingandtoestablishhisownroyalline.Furthersubbranchesareadded,referringtothewaysinwhicheachofMacbeth’sdominantpersonalitytraitsrelatestoactsintheplay–suchasthewayinwhichhiscouragetransmutesintofear,andhowheovercomesthequalmsofhisconsciencetojustifymurder.
ThecompletedMindMapreflectsMacbeth’stransformationfromherotozero,andindicateshowhisfallcontributestotheoutcomeoftheplay.NotehowtheimagescreateasenseofenergyandcapturethedifferentfacetsofMacbeth’scharacter,fromthejaggedyoutlinesofthe“deviousness”branchtothestrongboxedgingofthe“courage”branch.Youcantakethiscreativeapproachtoprovideanoverviewofanytopicofyourchoosing.
MNDMAPFORREVISION:MACBETH
EssayPlanningInsteadofaboring,linearessayplan,useaMindMaptostructureyourwrittenwork.AMindMapwillgiveyouausefuloverviewofyourintendedapproachatanearlystage,helpingyoutoidentifyandresolveanypotentialflawsinyourargumentbeforeyougetboggeddowninit.
Createacentralimagethatreflectsthemainfocusofyourpiece,anddrawmainbranchesfromthistorepresentyourintroduction,mainargumentandconclusion.Addabranchforyourresearchandanotherforanyotherrelevantinformation.Youcouldalsoaddbranchesforanykeytextsorfiguresthatarerelevanttoyourpiece.Usesubbranchesforthemesthatrunthroughyourpieceandconnectingarrowstodeveloplinksbetweenthedifferentstrandsinyouressay.Chunkingcanalsobeaproductivewaytogrouptogetherimportantthemes.Besuretousesymbolsandimagesthroughouttoengageyourbrainandyourimagination.
WhileyourMindMapisgrowing,certainkeywordsandimagescansuddenlybecomelikesupernovas,burstingoutfromtheirsurroundingsandgenerating
newminiMindMaps.Keepyourmindandyouroptionsopen,andfollowwheretheselead(seealsoChapter4,page142,ontheuseofminiMindMapsinsolutionfinding).
OnceyouhavecompletedadraftMindMapandrefinedyourargument,fillingoutthedetailsofyourintroductionandconclusionalongtheway,youcouldfinditusefultomakethisdraftthebasisofanother,more“polished”MindMap.KeepreferringtobothMindMapsasyouwriteyourfinalpiece.
ThestepsforwritinganessaycanalsobeadaptedsothatyourMindMapbecomesanexcellentrevisionaid,asintheexampleexploringthecharacterofMacbethonpage99.
AMindMapforAllAgesIamsometimesaskedwhetherMindMapscanbeusedbypeopleofallageswithequalsuccess.TheanswertothisquestionisaresoundingYES!
SkillinMindMappingisnotdependentonage,sex,colourorcreed;aMindMapisareflectionofthebrain’srawintelligence.
AMindMapisamirrorofthemind’sinnerworkings.Inthisway,abrightandimaginativechildisjustaslikelytocreateausefulMindMapasaCEOofmanyyears’standing.Moreover,allchildrenareequippedwiththe“kids’kit”ofquestions–Why?How?What?When?Where?–whichactlikegrapplinghookstoreachthepeaksofknowledge.AdultswoulddowelltoadoptachildlikeapproachwhenMindMapping!
Let’sremindourselvesoftheLawsofMindMapping(seeChapter2,page60).TheLawsplacenoemphasisonexpertiseorexperience.InMindMapping,theuseofcolour,imaginationandinventivenessconfirmthenaturaldevelopmentofartisticskill.Inaddition,aMindMapisconstructedfromimagesandindividualkeywordsratherthanturnsofphrase.ThismeansthataMindMapcutsthroughjargon,waffleandartificetogettotheheartofamatterinamannerthatisslightlyreminiscentofthewayinwhich,forexample,ayoungchildspeaksitsmind.
Finally,aMindMapreliesonthepowerofRadiantThinkingratherthanon
Finally,aMindMapreliesonthepowerofRadiantThinkingratherthanondeductionandreduction.Asanopen-mindedthinkingtool,aMindMapchartstheprocessesofthebraininactioninsteadoffixatingonconclusionsandoutcomes.
PlantingaGardenofIdeas
MarekKasperskiisaPolishentrepreneur,theOnlineEditorofSynapsiamagazineandalecturer.HeexplainshowMindMapsinformhisteachingmethods,whilehisMindMapshowsthesortofdetailthatcanbeincludedinanadvancedversion:
AMindMapislikeagardenwhereideascangrowandblossomsothatotherswhoviewitmayalsobeinspired.Asalecturerinhighereducation,Ioftenneedtoexplaindifficultconceptstostudentsofvaryingabilities.NotonlydoMindMapshelpmystudentsunderstandtheseconcepts,theymakeitmucheasierforthemtoreviseandrememberthesalientpoints.AMindMapexcitestheirimagination,startsthemonajourneyandhelpsthemdiscovernewareastoexplore.IencouragethemtocreatetheirownMindMapsduringlectures.Thisoftenleadsthemtoaskquestionstheymightnototherwisehaveconsidered,whichbenefitstheentireclass.
TheMindMapsIcreateformyclassesrangefromverysmallconceptmapstolargeonesencompassinganentiresubject.Ifindit’scrucialtofollowtheLawsofMindMapping.Mystudentsrespondtoimagesverywell,especiallythosewhohaveEnglishasasecondlanguage,asimagesspeakauniversallanguage.UsingcolourinaMindMapisalsosoimportant.Notonlyiscolourfun,itisessentialforhelpingmystudentsfocusoneachbranchandanalysetheinformationinit.Iencouragemystudentstouseimagesratherthanwords,ortocombinethetwo.ManyoftheconceptsIdiscussinmyMindMapsarelinkedtootherideaswithintheMindMap.Thisisofgreatbenefit,asitassistsinweavingtheideastogetherintoabigpicture.
MindMaponprojectmanagementbyMarekKasperski
WhatDoYouWanttoKnow?I’magreatbelieverinlifelonglearning.Haveyoueverbeentemptedtostudyanewsubjectoracquireafreshskill?
Whateveryourageorcircumstances,youhaveeveryrighttokeeponpushingyourselfbyexercisingyourbrain–whichwillhelpyouengagewithlifeandkeepyourmentalfacultiessharp.Ifyouhaveanydesireatalltonurtureatalentordeepenyourunderstandingofaparticulartopic,IencourageyounowtoexplorethaturgeintheformofaMindMap.
Whatsubjectinterestsyou?Usethisasthebasisofyourcentralimage–andmakethatimagecolourful,imaginativeandinspiring.Tochoosethemainbranches,startbyaddressingthesequestions:
mainbranches,startbyaddressingthesequestions:
•Whatbenefitswouldstudyingthesubjecthaveforyou?•Whattoolsorstudyaidsdoyouneed?•Wherecanyoustudy?•Howdoesyoursubjectrelatetosociety?•Whatoutcomesdoyouhopetoachievefromyourstudy?Qualifications?Skills?ImprovedCV?
•Whatconsiderationsorobstaclesarethere?Howcanyouaddressthese?
Growyoursubbranchestoexaminetheseandanyrelatedpointsinmoredetail,andenliventheMindMapwithimagesandsymbolsthroughout.Whenyouhavefinished,takeagoodlookatyourMindMap.Whatstepswillyoutakeinlightofwhatyouhavediscovered?
KEYMINDMAPAPPLICATION4:CREATIVITY
Creativityislikethegoldeneggofpersonaldevelopment:weallwanttobemorecreative,yethowtoclimbthebeanstalk,claimthetreasureofcreativityandbringitintoourlives?Manyofusmayhavebeenfeddamagingmythssurroundingcreativitywhileweweregrowingup:thatcreativepeoplearemavericks,unreliable,foolhardyandadangertothemselvesandothers;thattheyaresomehow“special”andsetapartfromtherestofsociety.Ifthisisthecase,itisperhapsnosurprisethatwearesometimesadversetorecognizingcreativityinourselves.
Amuchmorebalancedandproductiveapproachrecognizesthemanystrengthsofcreativepersonalities:theytendtobepioneers,boundarypushers,inventorsandintelligentrisktakers.Theyaremoreoftenthannotoriginal,flexible,focused,colourful,drivenandvisionary.Theyarechildlikewithoutbeingchildish.
Creativethinkingisn’ttheprerogativeofgeniuses;itissimplytheabilitytothinkinoriginalwaysandtobreakawayfromthenorm.Likeamuscle,yourcreativitywillgrowstrongerthemoreyouexerciseit.Themoreyoupractise
creativitywillgrowstrongerthemoreyouexerciseit.Themoreyoupractisecreativethinking:
•Theeasieritwillbeforyoutocomeupwithnewideas•Themorereceptiveyouwillbetofreshperspectives•Themoreoriginalyourideaswillbecome
Creativityislinkedtoplay,anothercrucialpartoflife–thekeytolearning,discovery,relaxation,wellbeingandproductivity.Birdsandmammalsallplay,bothinthewildandwhendomesticated,asdosomefish,reptilesandeveninsects.Duringchildhood,playchangestheconnectionsofneuronsintheprefrontalcortexandhelpswirethebrain’sexecutivecontrolcentre,whichperformsakeyroleinmanagingemotions,makingplansandsolvingproblems.Playforgestheconnectionsbetweenbraincellsanddendrites,andtherebybuildsupaninternetofconnectionsinachild’sbrain–or,toputitanotherway,aswediscussedinChapter1(seepage52),thechild’sowninternalMindMap.
Ifwearelucky,ourworkcansometimesfeellikeplay.Ifwearenotsolucky,weneedtolookforwaystointroduceanelementofplayintoourlives.Onpage106wesawhowtouseMindMappingtochooseanewsubjecttostudyoracquireanewskill;thistechniquecaneasilybeadaptedforfindinganenjoyablehobbyorsport.Itcanalsohelpyoumakethemostofyourleisuretimebyfindingrewardingwaysinwhichtounwind.
Tellme,whatisityouplantodowithyouronewildandpreciouslife?
MaryOliver,“TheSummerDay”
MaketheMostofYourSpareTimeThesayinggoesthat“Nooneeversaidontheirdeathbed,‘IwishI’dspentmoretimeattheoffice’”;I’msurethesameappliestowatchingmoreTV.InthewordsofAmericanpoetMaryOliver,weonlyhave“onewildandpreciouslife”,souseaMindMaptomakethemostofyoursinwhateverwaybringsyousatisfactionandfulfilment.
Ifyoufindthateverymomentseemstobefilledupwith“busy-ness”,aMindMapcanhelpyouidentifytimesofthedaythatyoucanmakeyourownandalso
Mapcanhelpyouidentifytimesofthedaythatyoucanmakeyourownandalsoexplorewhatyoureallywanttodowiththem.Whetheryoudecidetolearnanewsubject,takeeveningclassesorspendyourweekendsinasportshalloronafootballpitch,thechoiceisyours.
MINDMAPFORMAKINGTHEMOSTOFYOURSPARETIME
AsaMindMaplikethisisallaboutfreeingyourselfuptoexpressyourcreativity,trytobeasinventiveaspossibleinyouruseofimagery.Theexampleonpage109isfullofinspiringimages,includingaribbon-wrappedclockrepresentingthegiftoftimethatyouaregivingyourselfandillustrationsexpressinggoals,suchasdoingmorepainting,hikingandtravelling.
YoucanuseaMindMapnotonlytofindoutexactlywhatyouwanttodoinyoursparetimebutalsotoworkoutwhenyoucandoit:someactivitiesyoumightbeabletoenjoyatlunchtimesorevenduringyourcommute,whileothersyoucanfitinonweekdayeveningsorattheweekend.Perhapsyouhaveadreamthatwouldmeantakingasabbatical,suchastravellingtoAfricaorIndia?Ifyoudo,putitonyourMindMap!Onlybyrecognizingourgoalscanwemakethem
do,putitonyourMindMap!Onlybyrecognizingourgoalscanwemakethemhappen.
Creativitycanofcoursetakemanyforms–frompaintingtheceilingoftheSistineChapeltopreparingadeliciouslunch,fromwritingabooktothrowingaparty,fromcomposingasymphonytoplayingthepennywhistle.Whateverformcreativitytakes,aMindMapcanfacilitateitsexpression.
ACreativityWorkout
InChapter1(seepage33),IexplainedtheconceptofRadiantThinkingandintroducedyoutotheHumanLanguage.Wediscoveredhoweveryhuman–youandmeincluded–isfluentinthetwinfacultiesofassociationandimaginationfrombirth.NowI’dliketoinviteyoutoplayalittlegame.
IhaveusedversionsofthisexerciseformanyyearswhenteachingMindMappingandmemory-improvementtechniques,andIwasintriguedtodiscoverthelategreatBritishpoetTedHughessimultaneouslydevelopedasimilarpracticewhenshowinghisstudentshowtowritepoetry.It’sanexercisethatrevealsthecreativesparkthatexistswithineachandeveryoneofus.Haveadictionarytohandbeforeyoustart.
•Pickanobjectatrandom.Thiscouldbesomethingthatyouseeintheroomorsomethingthatpopsintoyourmind.
•Closeyoureyes,flickopenthedictionaryandplaceyourfingeronthepage.
•Now,openyoureyesandwritedownthewordyouhavechosen.
•Repeatninetimes,randomlydippingintothedictionary,untilyouhavetendifferentwords.
•Nowfindasmanyassociationsasyoucanbetweentheobjectandeachofthosewords.
Ifyoufindthisalittledifficulttodoatfirst,keepgoingandIpromiseyouwillfindassociations–howeveroutlandishtheseseem!
willfindassociations–howeveroutlandishtheseseem!
Afterapproximately20minutes,readthroughyourconnections.
Prettycreative,aren’tyou?
HowtoLiveCreatively
PhilChambersisaWorldMindMappingChampion,theChiefArbiteroftheWorldMemorySportsCouncil,asuccessfulbusinessmanandtheauthorofHowtoTrainYourMemory.HeexplainshowMindMapshaveinformedhiscreativethinkingforthreedecades:
MindMapshelpedmereviseforexamsatschool.Atthetimetheywerelittlemorethanspiderdiagramswithlotsofcolourbutlackingstructureandincludingphrases.However,theywerestillsignificantlymoreusefulthanlists.AtuniversitymystyleimprovedandIhadbigMindMapsadorningmybedroomwalls.
InowuseMindMapstostructuremywriting.Itmakessensetothinkclearlyaboutwhatyouwanttosaybeforesittingdowntotype.Byseparatingtheprocessofthinkingfromwriting,Ihaveverylittleredraftingtodoandendupwithamorecoherentdocument.Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenwritingbooks.
Asaninstructor,alargepartofmyjobiscreatingpresentations.Toprepare,ImakeaMindMapwiththedifferenttopics,actionsandflowofconcepts.ThisallowsmetoconstructappropriateslidesandIcanthenusetheMindMapastheperfectillustrationtoguidestudentsthroughthesession.
Amajorproblemwithabusylifeisplanningyouruseoftime.AMindMapistheperfecttoolforthis,fromaquickdailyplantoabroadermonthlyone.IliketohaveaMindMapnexttomydeskandahighlightersoIcanstrikeouttasksoncecompleted.
AsMindMapscanbeworksofart,IliketogivethemasgiftsintheformofbirthdayandChristmascards.IthasbecomeatraditionformeeachyeartotakeaChristmassongandcreateananimatedMindMapofthelyricsinvolvinghumourandimages.AsyoucanseefromtheMindMapbelow,MindMappingplaysapivotalroleinmuchofmylife.
MindMapontheusesofMindMappingbyPhilChambers
KEYMINDMAPAPPLICATION5:WELLBEING
Thereisaprovenpositiverelationshipbetweenphysicalwellbeingandmentalperformance.Today,lobbygroupsarecampaigningtomakethegovernmentacknowledgetheconnectionbetweenthetwowhenmakingpolicy,astheyarguementalhealthandphysicalhealthshouldnotbethoughtofasseparateentities.
Ihavealwaysenjoyedphysicalactivitiessuchasrowingandrunning;andIamafirmbelieverthat,inordertoflourishmentally,youshouldcareforyourphysicalwellbeing.Ialsobelievetheoppositeholdstrue:thatpoormentalhealthcanbedetrimentaltophysicalhealthandevenmakesomeconditionsworse.
Five-timeOlympicgoldmedallistSirSteveRedgravehasawell-developedunderstandingofthemind–bodyconnection.Hehasstressedhowvitalthebrain
understandingofthemind–bodyconnection.Hehasstressedhowvitalthebrainistoanysportingachievement,andhassaid,“Whenyoucompeteatahighlevel,youhavetobeverystrongmentally.”.HeisalsoafirmsupporteroftheworkthatmeandmyfellowMindMappersdo,saying:
“TonyBuzanisoneoftheveryfewpeopleIhavemetwhoreallyunderstandssocompletelyhowimportantthebrainistoanysportsmanorwoman.”
AchieveHolisticWellbeing
Thesedaysweunderstandthatgettingingreatshapeisnotaboutfocusingsolelyonexerciseandrestrictivediets,butaboutpromotingall-roundwellbeing,includingnourishingourbodiesproperly,gettingenoughsleep,destressinganddoingthethingsthatmakeushappy.Thegoodnewsisthatyoudon’thavetospendafortuneontheservicesofapersonaltraineroralifestylecoachtohelpyoufeelandlookgreat.Instead,useaMindMaptocreateapersonalholisticwellbeingplanofyourown.Trytocreateimagesthatwillinspireyoubyradiatingvitalityandgoodhealth.Yourmainbranchescouldreflectthekeyareasthatcontributetoyourall-roundwellbeing–theexampleonpage115exploresnutrition,exercise,destressing,sleepandhappiness,butyoumightchoosetofocusonslightlydifferentareas.Asyoufillinthesubbranches,lookingatwhatsupportsyouroverallwellbeingandwhathindersit,youwillseehowcertainactivitiesbenefityouinmanydifferentways.Perhapsexercisecropsupnotonlyasawellbeingtargetofitsownbutalsoasameansofgettingmoresleepanddestressing,whichinturnhelpspromotehappiness.Inmyexperience,mentalhealthandphysicalfitnessareinextricable.
MINDMAPFORACHIEVINGHOLISTICWELLBEING
ThemoreyouworkonyourMindMap,themoreitwillspeaktoyouandofferyouallthecoachingyouneed!
MakeaMindMapyourNumberOnepersonaltrainer!
EatWell
AmoretargetedMindMapcanalsobeusedfornutrition,tomakesurethatyoueatahealthydietthatincludesabalanceofallthemajorfoodgroups(carbohydrates,proteins,dairy,fruitandvegetables,andfatsandsugars).
YoucanuseaMindMapasaweeklymealplannerbyadaptingyourpersonalweeklyplannerMindMap(seepage83)tofocusonfoodratherthanactivities.Thesubbranchescouldlisttheday’smainmeals,spreadingouttodetailtheingredientsofeachmeal,alongwithitsnutritionalvalue.IfyoucreateanMind
Mapfocusingoneatingwellatthestartofeachweek,you’llprovideyourselfwithahandyshoppinglist.
Ifyouarelookingtoincludemorevitaminsandmineralsinyourdiet,tryfocusingonyourdietevenmorecloselyandcreateaMindMapthatliststhem,alongwiththefoodsinwhichtheyarefound.It’snotalwaysobviouswherethemainvitaminsarefound,soI’veprovidedalistbelow.
Onceyouhavedecidedonyourcentralimage(perhapsabottlewiththelabel“V&M”or,ifyoulikedrawingpeople,apictureofsomeonewho’sjustradiatinghealth),createbranchesforeachofthemainvitamingroupsandminerals,thenfillthesubbrancheswithwonderfulsymbolsandimages,perhapsusingchunkingtogroupthemtogether.Useconnectingarrowstounderscorelinksbetweendifferentgroups.ThenyoucanframeyourmagnificentlyillustratedMindMapandhangitonthewallasaguideandinspirationtoensureyoualwayseatabalancedandvarieddiet.
Vitamin/Mineral Sourcesinclude
VitaminA cheese,eggs,oilyfish,milkandyoghurt,liverandliverpaté
Bvitamins peas,fruit,eggs,meat,vegetables
Folicacid: broccoli,spinach,asparagus,peas,chickpeas
VitaminC citrusfruits,greenandredpeppers,strawberries,potatoes
VitaminD oilyfish,redmeat,liver,eggyolk
VitaminE seedsandnuts,oliveoil,wheatgerm
VitaminK leafygreenvegetables,vegetableoils,cerealgrains
Calcium milk,leafygreenvegetables,tofu,soya,nuts
Iodine fish,shellfish
Iron meat,beans,nuts,dark-greenleafyvegetables
KEYMINDMAPAPPLICATION6:MEMORY
AsI’veexplained,IoriginallyinventedtheMindMapasamnemonictool,anditremainsoneofthemostpowerfulmeansavailableforrememberingvast
itremainsoneofthemostpowerfulmeansavailableforrememberingvastquantitiesofinformation.EveryuseofMindMapscoveredinthischapterstrengthensyourmemoryinsomeway,fromembeddingthekeypointsofatextinyourbraininordertoreviseforanexamorwriteanessay,torememberingallthethingsyouneedtoachieveoverthecomingweekandremindingyourselftoexerciseandeatwell.
WehaveseenhowimportantthepowerofassociationisintheformationofaMindMap:whencombinedwithimagination,itfeedsandwatersthebranchesoftheMindMap,encouragingthemtoradiateorganicallyfromthecentralimage.Inadditiontothis,associationactsasakeytomemoryitself.
In1969,AmericancognitivescientistsAllanM.CollinsandM.RossQuilliantestedthewayinwhichmemoriesareorganizedforefficientenquiry,allowingustodipintoourmemorybankswithoutamoment’shesitation.Theyfoundthatoursemanticmemory(awayinwhichwemakesenseoftheworldthroughlogicandlanguage)isorganizedlikealibraryofsorts,withinterrelatedcategoriesornodesrepresentingspecificfeaturesorconcepts,whicharethenconnectedtooneanother.
Ourindividualexperiencesshapetheseconnections,whichmeansthateverybodyhastheirownspider’swebofassociations:forexample,“bird”isconnectedto“flight”isconnectedto“sky”.AMindMapworksinharmonywiththisprocessbytakingasubjectandthenusingimaginationandassociationtolinktogethereverythingtheMindMapperknowsaboutit.
TheindividualnatureofoursemanticnetworksisonereasonwhyaMindMapisinevitablysuchapersonalcreation:togetthemostoutofoneandtoimproveyourchancesofmemorizingtheinformationinit,youwillhavetocreateyourownMindMapratherthanrelyononethathasbeenmadebysomebodyelse.ThisisonereasonwhyIpersonallypreferhand-drawnMindMapstodigitalversions,usefulthoughthosecanbe.Itcanalsobeslightlymoredifficulttounderstandsomeoneelse’sMindMap,asthewaythatpersonassociatesandlinksinformationmaynotbethesameasyours,andthatslightdifficultywillmaketheMindMaplessusefultoyou.
SpoutingNonsensebyHeart
EdwardLear(1812–88)wasanEnglishartistandauthorwho,amonghisothernotableaccomplishments,wasQueenVictoria’sartteacherandtheauthorofsomewonderfulnonsenseverse.Heisprobablybestrememberedtodayfor“TheOwlandthePussycat”.
Wewillbeleavingthosefeatheredandfurryfriendstotheirowndevicestoday.Instead,IinviteyoutoreadthefollowinglimerickbyLear:
TherewasanOldManwhosaid,“Hush!Iperceiveayoungbirdinthisbush!”Whentheysaid,“Isitsmall?”Hereplied,“Notatall!Itisfourtimesasbigasthebush!”
NowmakeaMindMapofthelimerickthatincludesitsimagery.
Whenyouhavefinished,studyyourMindMapforaboutfivetotenminutes,oruntilyouthinkyou’vememorizedtheinformationonit.Setittooneside.
Onafreshsheetofpaper,recallandwriteoutthelimerickfrommemory.Howdidyoudo?
Ifyouenjoytheprocess,makeaMindMapforalongerpoem.Beforeyouknowit,youwillbeabletocommitwholeballadstomemory!
Whenweareattemptingtoreviseandmemorizeinformation,problemstendtooccurintheshort-termmemory,asthisiswherenewinformationisinitiallycollectedbeforebeingpassedontothelong-termmemory.Earlierinthischapter(seepage72),welearnedhowthepsychologistGeorgeArmitageMillerdiscoveredthattheshort-termmemorycanonlyholdapproximatelysevenpiecesofinformation.Ifthisinformationistoberetainedbythelong-termmemory,ithastoberehearsedbeforeitcanbepassedon,whichiswhylast-minutecrammingforanexamcanbesodifficult:forinformationtobeefficientlyremembered,ithastobecollatedandconnectedinsomeway.Andthis,ofcourse,iswherechunkinginMindMapscancomeintoitsownasa
meansofrecallingdata(seepage72).
TheveryactofphysicallycreatingaMindMaphelpstomaketheinformationinitmorememorable,enablingyoutovisualizeandrecalltheprocessofcreatingit.Throughtheuseofcolourandimages,aMindMapengagesthebrainandimprintsitselfonthememory.
IfyouwishtorecalltheinformationinyourMindMapprecisely,Iwouldsuggestthatyoutakeyourtimetostudyitcarefullyandreviseitsconnections,imagesandbranches.Themoreyoudothis,themoredecisivelytheinformationwillbeimprintedonyourmemory.
Fromplanningapartytosalvagingarelationship,memorizinglyricsormakingapolished,professionalpresentation,aMindMapmakesmattersmanageablebybreakingdownatask,textorsituationintoitselements.Ithighlightsconnectionsandinvitesthebraintoengageasanactiveparticipantintheprocessbylookingforsolutions,committingdetailstomemoryandworkingonoutcomes,ratherthanremainingapassivereceptacleforinformation.
However,therearemanytimeswhensomethingthatappearstobeaMindMapisnotinfactaMindMap.HowcanyoutellatrueMindMapfromafalseone?Theanswertothatquestioncanbefoundinthenextchapter.
3WhatIsNotaMindMap?
ThischapterdispelssomeofthemythsthathavesprunguparoundtheMindMap,andexaminescasesofmistakenidentity,explainingwhyfakeMindMapsarenotnearlyashelpfulasthosethatfollowtheLawsofMindMapping.ItprovideshandytipsforcreatinggenuineMindMapsaswellasguidanceonhowtospottheimposters!
MythsandMisconceptions
Sincetheirinventioninthe1950sand1960s,MindMapshavegoneontohelppeopleallaroundtheworld–andtheycontinuetotransformlivestoday.It’sthegreatestrewardIcouldhaveeverhopedfor;IneverceasetobedelightedbytheglobalreachandappealofMindMapping.ByworkingwithourinnateHumanLanguage,harnessingthetwinforcesofimaginationandassociation,theMindMaphasbecomeathinkingtoolthattranscendsculturaldivisions.
GiventhepopularityofMindMaps,perhapsitisn’tsurprising,then,thatoverthedecadesvariousmythsandmisconceptionshavearisenaroundthem.MyheartsinkswheneverIcomeacrosssomeofthemorecommonmisunderstandings,suchasthemistakenbeliefthatMindMapsandspiderdiagramsarethesamething.
Moreover,thereisarealriskthatanyconfusionbetweenMindMapsanddiagramssuchasconceptmapsandpyramiddiagramscouldcompromisetheintegrityoftheMindMapitself,asitmeanssomepeoplemaynotappreciatethepowerofMindMappingorrealizeMindMaps’fullpotential.Likewise,IfinditfrustratingwheneverImeetindividualswhohavebeenexposedtopoortrainingbythosewhopurporttobeexpertsinMindMapping,despitebeingpoorlytrainedthemselves.
Let’ssortthewheatfromthechaff,andclearupanyconfusionaboutwhataMindMapisandwhatitisnot.
MythBusting
InChapters1and2,welookedbrieflyatthehistoryofMindMapsinrelationtothedevelopmentofvisualthought,andthewayinwhichthedeepancestryofthisthinkingtoolcanbefoundinthestunningcaveartofourStoneAgeforebears.WetouchedonthepioneeringpracticesofculturessuchasancientGreece,andconsideredtheworkofgeniusessuchasCharlesDarwin,whouseddiagramstodeveloptheirideas.
Unfortunately,therearesometodaywhoconfusesimilaritywithsameness,and
whothereforecreditthePhoenicianphilosopherPorphyryofTyros(c.232–303CE)withtheoriginsoftheMindMap.ANeoplatonist,PorphyryorganizedtheideasofAristotleonadiagramtraditionallydescribedasanarbor,ortree,thelayoutofwhichisnotdissimilartotheKabbalisticTreeofLifeintheJewishmysticaltradition.ThereisnocentralimageinPorphyry’sdiagram(seeChapter1,page45),norarethereanyillustrations;thewordsareplacedinanorderedmannerinspheresandalongconnectingpathways.Thethinkinghereisnotradiant,asitisinaMindMap.
Similarly,IsometimescomeacrosspeoplewhosuggestthatLeonardodaVinciinventedMindMapping.Perhapsthisisn’tsurprising:afterall,thispioneeringthinkerwassoaheadofhistimethathewassketchingincrediblecontraptionssuchaswingdevicesandthehuman-powered“ornithopter”400yearsbeforetheWrightbrotherssuccessfullyflewthefirstpoweredaeroplanein1903.DaVinci’scombinationofwordsandimagesinhisnotescertainlyhelpedshapetheearlystagesofmyresearchintothenatureofhumanthought;yetthisgreatartistandthinkerdidnotusecolourschematicallyinhisdiagrams,which,aswehaveseen,isakeyelementinMindMapping.
Likewise,therearethosewhocredittheinventionoftheMindMaptoSirIsaacNewton(1642–1727),theEnglishscientistwhodiscoveredgravityafterobservinganapplefallingfromanappletree.Thisdistinguishedscientistusedintriguingconceptdiagramstocharthisideas,butthesetooweremonochromaticandtooktheformofa“tree”growingupwardratherthanexpandingradiantly,likeastarburst,thewayinwhichaMindMapspreadsacrossthepage.WhilethethinkingofgeniusessuchasdaVinciandNewtonisclearlytimeless,toconfusecenturies-olddiagramswithmodernMindMapsisalittlelikemistakingapennyfarthingbicycleforasuperchargedmotorcycle!
ACaseofMistakenIdentity
PeoplewhoarenewtoMindMapsandwhohaveyettomastertheLawsofMindMapping(seeChapter2,page60)mayatfirstfindthemselvescreatingdiagramsthatsuperficiallyresembleMindMaps,butthatturnouttobesomethingcompletelydifferent,suchasaspiderdiagram,pyramiddiagram,conceptmap,fishbonediagramorsunburstchart.
SPIDERDIAGRAMS
LikeMindMaps,spiderdiagrams(seebox,opposite)canbeusedforplanningessaysandfororganizingideas.Theyoftenhaveahighlystructuredlayout,withlegsprojectingfromacentralidea.However,unlikeMindMaps,theydon’talwaysusecolourandveryrarelyuseimages.Aspiderdiagram’slegsareusuallylinearandspindly,ratherthanorganicandvaryinginthickness.
PYRAMIDDIAGRAMS
Pyramiddiagramsaresimilartospiderdiagramsbuttheyplaceagreateremphasisonhierarchy.WhilethemainideasitsinthecentreofaspiderdiagramoraMindMap,inapyramiddiagramthecoreconceptispositionedatthetopwiththeassociatedideasprogressingdownfromitinanorderedmanner.Thismeansthetendencyisfortheeyetoscanthepagefromtoptobottominaone-directional,rigid,linearmanner,ratherthanrangingfreelyoverthediagraminawaythatencouragesthebraintocomeupwithfreshconnectionsandnewinsights.
Pyramiddiagram
GivetheSpiderItsLegsBackTakealookatthespiderdiagrambelow:
Nowturnbackto“HowtoCreateaMindMap”inChapter1(page27),andreadthroughthesevenstepsagain.
Whenyouareready,haveagoatmakingaspiderdiagramusingthetemplateaboveasaroughguide,thenusethisinformationtocreateaMindMap.
Onceyouarefinished,comparethetwo.
Whichimageisthemoststriking,appealingandmemorable?
Why?TakealookbackattheLawsofMindMappinginChapter2(page60).InwhatwaysdotheLawsmakeaMindMapmorevisuallyappealingthanaspiderdiagram?
CONCEPTMAPS
Conceptmapspresentideasandinformationintheformofwordsandphrasesthatareplacedinboxesorcircles.Likepyramiddiagrams,theseunitsareconnectedinadownward-branchinghierarchicalstructure,meaningthatconceptmapstendtobereadfromthetopdown,withalltherestrictionsthatthatentails.Theirconnectingarrowsareusuallylabelled,asarethebranchesinMindMaps.However,thelabelonaconnectingarrowinaconceptmapcantaketheformofaphraseratherthanasingleword,solosestheimpactthatasinglekeywordhas.Moreover,coloursandimagesarenotafeatureofthesegraphicaltools,lesseningthevisualimpactofaconceptmap,aswellasitsappealtothebrain.
lesseningthevisualimpactofaconceptmap,aswellasitsappealtothebrain.Conceptmapsoftenhaveapedagogicalfunction,presentinginformationthatistobelearnedbyrote,whereasMindMapscanbeusedasatechniqueforbrainstorminganddevisingnewstrategies,aswellasinmanyothercreativeways.
Conceptmap
FISHBONEDIAGRAMS
AlsoknownasIshikawadiagramsaftertheywerepopularizedinthe1960sbytheJapaneseorganizationaltheoristKaoruIshikawa(1915–89),fishbonediagramstaketheirnamefromtheirshape.The“bones”ofthediagramrelatetoparticularfactorsorconsiderations,whilethecumulativeeffectsitsatthe“head”,meaningthatfishbonediagramsareusuallyreadfromlefttoright(orrighttoleftifyouareinJapan!).Theyarelinear,monochromeandthefocusinthemisoncauseandeffectratherthanonignitingthepowersoftheimaginationandassociationinordertostimulatethebrain.
Fishbonediagram
SUNBURSTCHART
Alsoknownasasunburstdiagram,ringchart,multilevelpiechart,beltchartoraradialtreemap,asunburstchartiscompactandformedofconcentriccircleswhichrepresentlayersofhierarchicaldata.Eachlayerisdividedintocategoriesorsegments,whichareoftendepictedindifferentcolours.Thechartsdonotuseimagery.Whileperhapsusefulforsummarizingdata,theycanbehardtoreadandarenotagreattoolforinspiredcreativethinking.
Sunburstchart
HowtoSpotaNon-MindMapYounowknowwhataMindMapis,andwhatitisnot!WhentheLawsofMindMappingareneglected,theresultisalltoooftenmonotony,alackoforderandclarity,andsprawlingconfusion.OryoumaycomeacrossadiagramthatsuperficiallyresemblesaMindMap,butisactuallysomethingelsealtogether.
Generallyspeaking,MindMapsaremuchmoreadeptatreleasingthepowerofcreativethinkingthanothertypesofvisualtool.WhiletherearekeystepsandessentialelementsinaMindMap,theimageryineachoneisuniquetothatMindMap:thereisnoformaliconography,norarigoroussenseinwhichaMindMapcanbe“rightorwrong”inthewaythatagraphicsuchasapiechartcouldbemathematicallyflawed,forexample.
MindMapsdonotgenerallyrelatetosteps,systemsorprocesses,yettheyarefullofmovementandaresteepedinaninnatelogic.Theyhavebeencalled
illogicalbysomebecausetheyarenotbasedonlists,linesandnumbers–yetnothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.AMindMap,ononelevel,isasuperblylogicalthinkingtool,becauseinaMindMapthingsonlyconnecttootherelementsthroughthepowerofassociation,meaningthereisanatural,causallinkbetweenthem.Afterall,logicistheabilitytomakeappropriateassociationsinordertocometoarationalconclusion.
Moreover,inadditiontorepresentinginformation,theveryactofcreatingaMindMapstimulatesthebrainandengagesthememory.Itisamanifestationofthethoughtsandideasofitsindividualcreator.
AMindMap’suseofcolour,imageryandvisualconnectionsisinformal,organic–andessentialtoitsproperfunctioning.
AMindMapcanbecomeathingofconsiderablebeautyinitsownright.IhaveseensomeMindMapsthathaveliterallytakenmybreathaway,suchasthefineexamplefromChinaonpage132.ThisMindMapwascreatedbyRichardLin,aformerbusinessmanwhoistodayasuccessfullifecoach,publicspeaker,universitymentorandmasterMindMapper.
Takealong,hardlookatthiswonderfulMindMap.Whatimagerycanyousee?WhatdoyouthinkthisMindMapisabout?
Didyounoticethecomputerscreenunderneaththecentralheading?Richard’sMindMapisdescribingthebrainasa“neck-topcomputer”,andeachofthebranchesrelatestoakeyprincipleofMindMapping,suchastheuseofcolour,dimensionandassociation.It’samasterpieceofMindMappingandIloveit!
TocheckwhetheryouarelookingatatrueMindMap,considerthefollowing:
Isthereaclearcentralconcept?
Isthereaclearcentralimage
depictingthatconcept?
Doesthediagramradiatefromthecentre?
Istherealwaysonewordperbranch?
Arethereanyimages?
Iscolourusedthroughout?
IstheMindMapclear?
IstheMindMapnaturalandorganicinappearance?
IstheMindMaphighlyvisuallyappealing?
Iftheanswertoanyofthesequestionsis“no”,youarenotlookingatatrueMindMap.
MindMaponthebrainasaneck-topcomputerbyRichardLin
Withtimeandpractice,youtoowilldevelopyourownuniquestylewhenMindMapping.
Andthat’sreallysomethingtobecelebrated!
ImagineLosingtheLaws
TakealookatoneoftheMindMapsyoucreatedwhilereadingthroughChapter2.
•ImagineyourMindMapwithnocentralimage,thebrainandheartofitextracted.
•ImagineyourMindMapwithnocolour,andconsideritslackofpower.
•ImagineyourMindMapwithonlystraightlines,andthinkofitsrigidityanditslackofappeal.
•ImagineyourMindMapwithnoimagesthroughout,itslifeblooddiluted.
•ImagineyourMindMapwithmorethanonewordperbranch,andvisualizehowclumsyitwouldbe.
•ImagineyourMindMapbranchesandkeywordsareofunequallength:seehowitsstructurecollapses.
•NowimaginetheaccumulatingdisadvantagesofeliminatingalloftheLaws–andpicturewhatalawless,chaoticanddisintegratingstatethatwouldbe…
4SolutionFinding
AtsomestageinyourMindMappingjourney,youmayfeelthatMindMapsjustaren’tworkingforyou.Pleasedon’tgiveup!Thischapteroffersallthesolutionsyouneed,includingtipsonaskingtherightquestions,dealingwithaclutteredormessypage,andwhyyoushouldletrepetitioninaMindMapbeyourguide.ItwillshowyouthatMindMapscanalwayshelpyoufindtherightpath–allyouneedtodoispersevere.
PerseveranceistheKeytoSuccess
Intheiruseofthepowersofassociationandimagination,andtheirinherentlogic,theLawsofMindMappingareamanifestationofthemoregenerallawsofgoodthinking.JustlikethebranchesofaMindMapspreadintonewareas,theLawsofMindMappingcanbeappliedinaninfinitevarietyofways.Theyarealwaysthereasamaptoguideyou,andasasafetynetreadytocatchyou,soturntothem,shouldyoueverfindyourselfinneedofencouragementorreassurance.
Don’tbediscouragedwhenyourunintoobstacleswithyourMindMapping.RememberthatyouhavealreadyreachedasignificantstageinyourMindMappingjourney.ThefactthatyouarerunningintodifficultiescouldsimplybeanindicationthatyouaretakingyourMindMappingpracticetoanewlevel.Ifyoupersevereinfacinguptoeachapparentobstacleasitarises,andcompletealltheexercisesinthisbook,bythetimeyoufinishreadingit,youwillbewellonthewaytoMindMappingmastery.
Ifyouareencounteringproblems,perhapscometoapointinyourjourneywhereyouneedtoclarifybothyourapproachtoMindMappingandyourthinking.Youcould,forexample,findithelpfultorereadChapter3,“WhatIsNotaMindMap”.IhavefoundthatmanypeoplewhosaytheyareexperiencingdifficultiesinMindMappingarenotinfactworkingwithMindMapsatall,butaremakingspiderdiagrams.Sometimes,theyhaveforgottentheimportanceofcolourorofusingkeywords.
Often,itisnottheMindMapcausingtheproblem,butaperson’sfearsaroundit.Fearisthegreatmindkiller.Ifyouwereevertofindyourselfonaboatinturbulentseas,youwouldholdtighttotheropes,steertherudderandtakecontrolofthehelm;inthesameway,ifyoueverfindyourselfinrockywaterswhenMindMapping,tightenyourcommandoftheLaws.
Check–andcheckagain–thateachMindMapisfollowingtheLawsofMindMapping.
TakeagoodlookataMindMapthatdoesn’tseemtobeworkingforyou.Now
turnbacktotheLawsofMindMappinginChapter2(seepage60),andreadthemthroughagaincarefully.
ImagineyourMindMapisaFormula1racingcar:duringthecourseofarace,yousteerintothepitstopsothatmechanicscancheckandserviceyourcar,andsendyousafelyonyourway.Inthesameway,makeanefforttoserviceyourMindMapandtokeeponmakingsurethatitisbeingservedbytheLaws.
IfyouhaveaMindMapthatstrikesyouasbeingpotentiallytroublesome,keepacopyoftheLawsinfrontofyouandreferbacktoitwhileyouexaminetheMindMapinmoredetail:
•AreyouworkingonapieceofunlinedpaperthatisatleastA4insizeandplacedhorizontally?
•Isthecentralimagepositionedinthemiddleofthepageanddrawninatleastthreecolours?
•Isthecentralimageeye-catching?•Ifthecentralimageincludesaword,isthatwordin3Dormadetolookinterestingtypographically?
•Arethemainbranchesindifferentcolours?•Isthereonlyonewordperbranch?•Havethebranchessproutedhealthynumbersofsub-branches?•Haveyouusedimagesthroughout?
Iftheanswertoanyofthesequestionsisno,makeanotherversionofyourMindMapthatstickstightlytotheLaws.Inallprobability,youwillachieveamuchbetterresult.
AMindMapalwaysworkswhenitisworkedwell.
AsktheRightQuestion
Goodquestionsmakeallthedifferencewhenitcomestoachievingexcellentresults.Askingtherightquestionislikeaiminganarrowatthebull’seyeofyourgoal,anddrawinganarrowfromthequiverofyourcuriosityandintellect.
goal,anddrawinganarrowfromthequiverofyourcuriosityandintellect.
WheneveryoucreateaMindMap,thinkcarefullyaboutthequestionortopicthatyouwishtoaddress.Aneffectivequestionortopicwill:
•Triggerthepowersofassociationandimagination•Beopen,allowingconsiderationandassessmentratherthanclosedyes/noresponses
•Inspirecriticalandanalyticthinking•Createclarity•Challengeassumptions•Stimulatebreakthroughthinking•Achieveabalancebetweenthecontent(who?what?when?andtheprocess(how?why?)
•Inspireapositivereaction
Poorlyformulatedquestionsleadtoflawedanswers.Toavoidambiguityinyouranswers,keepyourcentralquestionshort,clearandprecise.WhenyoubegintoconsideratopicinaMindMap,focusonitlikeamoviedirectorwithazoomlens.
MindMapaGoodQuestion
Readthroughthebulletpointsoppositeagain.Keepingthesepointsforemostinyourthoughts,makeaMindMapthatcapturesthemandconsidersthenatureofaneffectivequestionortopic.
Rememberthatanartist’sgreatestfearoftentakestheformofablankcanvas.Themostimportantstepissimplytomakethosefirstmarks.UsethisMindMaptohelpyoueliminatethefearofcommittingyourselftopaper.Makeyourfirstmarks,andthenkeeponmakingthem!Remember:MindMappingisanongoingprocess,inwhichyouareinvitedtoaskquestionafterquestion.
LookatyourMindMap.Askyourselfaboutyourcentralquestion.Asyou
LookatyourMindMap.Askyourselfaboutyourcentralquestion.AsyoucontinueMindMapping,alwaysdouble-checkthatitworksandbereadytoreadjustifnecessary.
UseSimpleyetPowerfulImages
Likethequestionortopicyouwishtoconsider,keepyourcentralimagesimpleyetstriking–sothatitpacksthepunchofabrand’slogo,yetwithadashmorecolour.Keepthelinescleanandclear,andmakeyourcentralimagefocused.
ThespreadofyourMindMapacrossthepage,asitsbranchesbecomeincreasinglyfilledwithsymbolsandwords,isawonderfultestimonytothefactthatyourbrainisgeneratingmoreideas.ShouldyourMindMapappearovercrowded,youhavesimplyreachedthestageofgeneratingminiMindMaps–or“child”MindMaps,whichoftenhavethepotentialtogrowintobigadultMindMapsthemselves(seepage142).
MakeSpaceforYourIdeas
Let’ssaytheproblemdoesn’tseemtolieinyourcentralimage.Youlikethecentralimage:it’scolourful,eye-catchingandeffective.Itimmediatelytriggersallsortsofassociationsinyourimagination.
Ifthisisthecase,takealookatthemainbranchesofyourMindMap.Areyoulookingatfertilewoodlandoranunrulytangleofbrambles?Canyoustill“seethewoodforthetrees”?
ClarityisanimportantelementinaMindMap.Ratherlikethefocusonasymmetryandspaceinikebana,theJapaneseartofflowerarranging,theareaaroundeachbranchinyourMindMapisassignificantinsomerespectsasthebranchitself.
“Negative”spaceinartisticcreationshelpstodefinetheboundariesoftheobjectandaddsbalancetoacomposition.
EmbraceMessiness
A“messy”MindMap,however,isfarfrombeingadisaster.Thereisnoneedtogiveyourselfahardtimeifyouendupwithone.Usually,amessyMindMapissimplyareflectionofyourthoughtprocessesatthetimeyoucreatedit.PerhapsyouwerequicklyMindMappingtorecordaphoneconversationortakenotesforalecture?Ifso,yourMindMapwillreflectthechallengesofMindMappingatspeedwhilefollowingthetwistsandturnsofadiscussionortalk.
IfyoubelieveyourMindMapismessy,Iwouldaskyoutoadjustyourcameralensandtakeanotherlook:evenifyourMindMapspreadschaoticallyalloverthepageandishardtoread,pleasebehappywithwhatyou’veachieved!WhileyourMindMapmaynotbeaworkofgreatbeauty,itwillneverthelessbeavaluablefirstdraftthatcanbeusedasthebasisforasecondMindMap.Afterall,mostofthegreatartistsmadesketchesbeforefinishingtheirmasterpieces.
ANoteonMessiness
It’stimetorethinkourdefinitionoftheword“messy”!
Traditionally,notionsof“tidy”and“messy”note-takinghavebeendefined–dareIsayit–arbitrarilybythoseintheacademicarenawhoareusedtolinearwaysofthinking.Forthem,“neat”notessticktothelinesonapagelikesmallbirdsgluedbylimetotwigs,whereas“messy”notestakeflightandhopabout,combiningwords,signs,symbolsandnumbers.
ThereareeventhosewhowoulddescribethenotesofgeniusessuchasLeonardodaVinciandCharlesDarwinasbeing“messy”.Thefactisthatweshouldberethinkingourdefinitions:
Colourful,branching,“messy”notesareanythingbutmessyintermsoftheirpowerandimpact!
Giventhatlinearnotesmakeassociationverydifficult,loseprofoundconnectionsandeliminatetheHumanLanguagefromthebrain,shouldwereallybecallingthem“neat”?Iwouldarguethatlinearnotesareactually
reallybecallingthem“neat”?Iwouldarguethatlinearnotesareactuallytrulymessyinmanyrespectsinthattheymessupthinking,logic,creativity,confidence,enjoymentandthepotentialforfun.Indeed,Iwouldgosofarastosaytheymessuplifeitself!
BeforeyoubeginworkonasecondMindMap,double-checkwhethertheorganizationofyourfirstdraftisflawed.Aresomeoftheassociationsweakorweretheymadeinerror?
Rememberhow,inChapter2(seepage104),MarekKasperskilikenedaMindMaptoagarden?InyoursecondMindMap,pruneawayanyunnecessarybranchesandsub-branchestogiveyourselfclarity.Ifnecessary,reorganizethemainbranchessothatthesequenceofyourBasicOrderingIdeas(BOIs)isunderpinnedbylogicandnumericalorder.Forthosebranchesthatyouwishtokeep,makesuretheyarefirmlyfixedinplaceandspreadpleasingly–likeafruittreesupportedbyasturdytrellis.
Onceyouhavecutawayanyredundantorrepeatedinformationonyourbranches,newshootsarelikelytoappearthatwillproducefruitintheformoforiginalideasandassociations.
BeginyourMindMapagain.Howareyougoingtoimproveit?
SowMiniMindMaps
IntheprocessofrevisitingyourMindMap,youmayfindthatsomeideasorissueshavebeenexposedthatcouldbeusefullyturnedintominiMindMaps,especiallyifdevelopingthemonthemasterMindMapwillmakeitproblematicallycomplexanddifficulttodecipher.MiniMindMapsorbitthemainMindMaplikemoonsaroundaplanet.TheyexploreaspectsofthemainMindMapincloserdetailwithoutclutteringitup.
Providedthereisenoughroom,aminiMindMaportwocansitonthesamepageasthemasterMindMap.Ifthereisn’tspace,givethemapageoftheirown.Thinkofafamilyinwhich,overtime,achildhasgrowntothepointofneedingaroomoftheirown.TreattheseminiMindMapsasyouwouldarealchild:notwithdisdain,butwithencouragement.Ratherthanrespondtothemwith
withdisdain,butwithencouragement.Ratherthanrespondtothemwithnegativity,nurturethem.
MiniMindMapsareespeciallyrewardingtoolsifyoufindyourmasterMindMapraisesmorequestionsthananswers.UseaminiMindMaptoaddressanynewquestionsaswellastackleoffshootsanddigressions.YoucanevenuseminiMindMapstoexploretwosidesofanargument,whichisespeciallyusefulwhenwritinganessay,forinstance.(SeealsoChapter5,page169forusingMindMapsinconflictresolution.)
LetRepetitionGuideYou
Everynowandagain,youwillfindthataseeminglyunimportantwordappearsrepeatedlyinaMindMap,ononebranch,thenanotherandanother.Thisisnotaproblem.Thisisabreakthrough.
Throughrepetition,akeywordbecomesa
keykeyword
orevena
keykeykeywordAwordthatemigratestoanotherbranchofaMindMapisnotunnecessaryorboring,buttheexactopposite:itreinforcesthestrengthoftheideathatitembodies.
Ifyounoticeawordisrepeated,underlineittomakeitstandout.Ifitappearsthreetimes,putasmallboxarounditwhereveritappears:itisclearlyimportant.Ifitappearsfourtimesormore,itisshoutingoutforyourattention!Drawtheboxesarounditinthreedimensions.NowlinktheboxestoformagiantboxaroundyourwholeMindMap.Putthisgiantboxinthreedimensionsaswell.
YourMindMapisnowheldwithinalargerframework,asawordthatyouoriginallythoughtrelativelyinsignificantturnsouttobeofprimaryimportance.
Thisrepresentsaparadigmshiftinyourthinking–andisthereforeamajorleapforwardinthewayyouaretacklinganissue–becauseitshowsthatyouarereframingyourunderstandingandapproachtoasubject.
IstronglyrecommendthatyouusethewordthathasmadeitselfknowntoyouinthiswayasthenewcentralimageinyournextMindMaponthissubject.
DealwithIndecision
OftentheactualprocessofcreatingaMindMapleadstoaclearsolutionbyprovidingabalancedoverviewofasituation.IfyourMindMapdoesn’tinviteyoutochooseaclearpathofaction,itistimetoengagethepowersofyourintuition.Tossacoinanddecide–headsortails–whichoftheoptionsyouaregoingtopursue.Takenoteofthestrengthofyourreactionandwhetheritisoneofdisappointmentorjoy;thenallowyourfeelingstodecidewhichchoiceistherightoneforyou.
Ifyoustillcan’tdecide,digdeeperintoyourdilemmathroughtheuseoffurtherMindMapsandminiMindMaps:donotprocrastinate.Procrastinationismentallydrainingandcounterproductive,whereaspursuingaclearcourseofactionisliberating,energizingandleadstodirectlivedexperience,evenifthatexperiencemaynotalwaysfulfilexpectations.Itisalwaysbettertobeproactiveandtodosomethingthantowallowunproductivelyinthepitofinertia.
KeepGoing!IfyouproduceaMindMapandfindthatyouhaveastrongnegativereactiontoit,donotbedismayed!
PersistenceiskeyinMindMapping,andIwouldurgeyouto“try,tryandTRYagain”!
Thisisthemantraofeveryteacher;persistenceisallifyouwishtoachievemasteryinanyfield–includingMindMapping.MindMapswillstrengthenyourabilitytopersistastheycontinuetoofferupsolutionsforyou,helpyoutodissolveproblemsand,intheprocess,giveyoutheenergytokeepontrying.
IhavementionedbeforehowyoudonotneedtopossessgreatartisticskilltobecomeanaccomplishedMindMapper:themoreMindMapsyoucreate,thebetteryouwillinevitablybecomeatthem.However,ifyoureallyfeelinhibitedaboutyourdrawingskills,youcouldfindiMindMapsoftwareuseful,especiallyifyoudrawonthisinconjunctionwithcreatingMindMapsbyhand.Thissoftwareautomaticallygeneratesthick,organicbranchesforyourBOIs,andsmallerbranchesforsub-branches.Italsoincludesalibrarycontainingthousandsofhigh-qualityimages.(SeeChapter6,page198,formoreinformation.)
IfyoueverencounteraobstaclewhenyouareMindMapping,rememberthatthisisnotdesignedtobealinearprocess.Youdonotneedtokeepbangingyourheadagainstaproblem.Simplysidestepitelegantlyandexploreanotherroute!
GetBackontheHorseThatBuckedYouPerhapstheveryideaofcreatingaMindMaphasbeguntoseemlikeadauntingprospect:youareanxiousaboutnotgettingit“right”;youthinkyoudon’thaveenoughgoodideas;youdon’tlikethewayyoudraw;youaredisappointedbytheendresults.Here’swhatIwouldsuggest:
MindMapyourworriesaway!
MindMapscanbeanexcellentresourceforself-analysisandfortacklingpersonalproblemssuchasanxiety,shyness,excessiveperfectionism,feelingdown,anddisappointment.Ifyoufindthatyouaren’thappywithyourMindMappingresults,makeaMindMapaboutyourexperience.
Youcould,forexample,startwithacentralimageshowingyourselflookingdownhearted.Nowdoaquick-fireMindMap,expressingopenlyandhonestlywhatevermixedthoughtsandfeelingsyouhavehadabouttheMindMappingprocess.
YournextstepistoworkupthisdraftintoamorebalancedandanalyticalMindMap,withBasicOrderingIdeas(BOIs)thatexploreyouremotionsinmoredepth.Consider,forexample:
•Theactualnatureofyourfeelings–whetherthereareanylayerstothem
•Thephysicalsensationofthem•Howtheyinfluenceyourbehaviour•Howtheyimpactonyourlife•Othersituationsinwhichyoufindyouexperiencesimilarfeelings
•Pasteventsinwhichthesefeelingscouldhavetheirorigins•Anyoutsidehelpyouneedinordertotacklethesefeelings
Examineeachaspectofyouremotionsandtheexperiencesthatcauseorrelatetothem.Onceyouhavedonethisandhaveaclearerunderstandingofwhatishappeningtoyou,youwillfindyouarewellonyourwaytoexorcizinganyemotionalbugbearsthataresouringyourenjoymentofMindMapping.Oftenthesimpleactofwritingdownaproblemcandiffuseitandhelpgetitintoperspective.
SolveAnyProblemwithMindMappingHaveyoueverlainawakeinthemiddleofthenight,unabletosleep,torturedbyaproblem?Thelongeryouliethereworryingaboutit,theworseyourproblemseemstobecome.Everytimeyouthinkaboutit,anothercomplicationcomestotheforeuntilthewholeconundrumseemslikeanelaborateCelticknotwithnobeginningorend.
Whenyourisethenextmorning,theproblemcanoftentakeondifferentproportionsintheclearlightofday.Perhapsitnolongerseemssodauntingorimpossibletosolve.Oftenamomentofcalmreflectionisallthatisneeded.Indeed,maybeallyouneedtodoiswriteitdowntogettogripswithit…Tocreateamomentofcalmandgetthisprobleminperspective,makeaMindMapofit.
Startbydrawingacentralimagethateitherrelatestotheissuespecificallyormoregenerallydealswiththeideaof“problem-solving”.Throughyourbranchesyoumightwanttostartbydefiningtheproblemanditscauses,andthengotoexploretheeffects,negativeandpositive.Onebranchcoulddealwithhowtofindhelpinhandlingtheproblem;rememberthatyourownresponsetoa
findhelpinhandlingtheproblem;rememberthatyourownresponsetoadifficultsituationistheonlyonethatyoucanfullycontrolandself-helpcanbejustasimportantasassistancefromothers.ThenyourMindMapcanmoveontotheplanningand,finally,theactingstagesofsolvingaproblem.
BesuretokeepthewordsandimagesonyourMindMappositiveandinspiring,sothatyourthinkingisRadiantratherthanreductive.Avoidusingtoomanynegativewords,asthesecanbediminishingandunproductive.Theimagescanactasarealinspirationaswellasareminderofwhatyouneedtodo–intheexampleopposite,amemorableglowingheartsymbolizes“bravery”whileanopendoorstandsfor“openness”.Keepyoursymbolsinmindand,usingtheoverviewprovidedbyaMindMap,youwillbegintoseeyourwaytowardaworkablesolution.
AsaMindMapmimicsthebrain’sownwayofworkingandstimulatesitintoaction,theactofmakingthisMindMapwillengageyourthinkingprocesses:insteadofremainingfrozenwithanxietyorfallingintoflightmode,theprocessofMindMappingwillgiveyoutheenergyandclaritytofightandresolveyourdilemma.Byanalysingyourfeelingsinthisway,youmaywellfindthatyouhavenowidentifiedandcantackleemotionaltendenciesthathavebeendetractingfromyourenjoymentoflifegenerally.
Ratherthanclosingdownwithlinearnotes,letaMindMapopenyouuptotheworld!
MINDMAPFORSOLVINGAPROBLEM
TheMagicofThinkingBig
MindMapsareexcellentpathfinders.
ArifAnisisaleadinginternationalcoachandbestsellingauthorwhohastheprivilegeofcoachingtopcorporateleaders,headsofstates,moviestarsandCEOs;yetitwasn’talwaysthisway.HeislivingproofofMindMaps’powertosolveproblems.Oncedowncastandconfused,MindMapshelpedhimsolvetheproblemofwherehewasheadinginlife,andhehasbeenusingthemeversince.Todayheisasuccessfulbusinessmanandauthor,apowerhouseofideasandaninspirationtoallwhomeethim.Hereishisstory:
Astheysay,ifyouarealuckystudentandyouwantitenough,youdon’tfindyourteacherbutyourteacherfindsyou–soImetMindMapsatacriticaljunctureinmylife.
Ileftuniversitywithaheavyheartaftergainingapostgraduateinpsychology.Iwaspuzzled,confusedandscared.Lifeoutsidethecampusseemedreallydaunting.Whattochoose?Whichwaytogo?Whatwasmycareergoingtobefortherestofmylife?AndwhatifImadeawrongchoice?Iwasparalysedbyfearoftheunknown.
Toomanyoptionswereavailabletomeanditwashardtoseparatethemfromeachother.Iseemedtohavebecomelostintheabyssoflife–andthenIfoundTonyBuzan’sbestsellingMindMappingbooksinmylocalbookshopandlifewasneverthesameagain.
IstarteddrawingMindMaps.Lousyonesinthebeginning.Buttherewassomethinginthosecoloursandimages…Slowly,theroadstartedemerginganditbecameclearerwitheverypassingstep.AtlastIcouldseethehighway–andwhereitwastakingme.Myconfidencestartedseepingback.Iwasnowamanwithamissionwhoclearlyknewwhathewantedinhislifeandhowtogetthere.Igotthebigpicturewithallofitssharpnessandhues.Itchangedeverythingfromthenonward.
WhenIlookbackatmylifeandthemajormilestones,theyhaveonethingincommon:IfindMindMapsallaroundthem.Beitmyfirstjobasatraineepsychologist;mypreparationforthemostcompetitiveexaminationinPakistan,whichattractedthebestofthebestforcovetedpositionsinthecivilianbureaucracy;myweddingplans;orwritingmybestsellingbooks.MindMapsbroughtsynergyandclaritytomydecisionsandproducedresults.
Muchtomyownsurprise,Iwasabletopassthetoughestexaminthecountryafteronly40days’study.AndIknewIcouldachievemuchmoreinlesstime.Myproductivityquadrupled,asdidmyoptionsandchoicesinlife.Iwasnotpushedorcajoledbylifeanymore.IknewwhatIwantedandhowtogetthere.
Today,IhavetheprivilegeofteachingMindMapstothousandsofpeopleinPakistan.Theyincludestudents,trainees,interns,officers,marketers,salespeople,doctorsandmanymore.Thepracticehasgoneontoreachscoresofcolleges,universities,
practicehasgoneontoreachscoresofcolleges,universities,corporateorganizationsandtraininginstitutions,andinspiredthousandsofMindMapperstotakeontheworldintheirrelevantdisciplines.
MindMapsalsoinspiremynextgeneration.MysonsSaroshandFariqleewereintroducedtoMindMapsattheageoffourandtheyinstantlyfellinlovewiththeprocess.AtfirsttheyusedMindMapstoexpressthemselvesandplanfamilyvacations.Graduallytheybecamehookedonthem,andmywifeUzmaandIwouldfindMindMapseverywhere–onthewalls,intheclosetandonthesofas.Today,theyconstituteoneofthemostessentialtoolsintheirstudyskillskit.Morethanthis,MindMappingtrainedthemtoexercisetheirthinkingmuscleswhiletuningintotheircreativeinstincts.
Iamproudtosaywearea“MindMapper”family!
5TheInfiniteApplicationsofMind
Maps
Youhaveinyourhandsanincrediblypowerfulthinkingtool,andnowyouarereadytotakeittoahigherlevel.WhatwillyoudowithMindMappingnext,andhowwillyouuseittoenhanceyourownlifeaswellasthelivesofothers?Thischaptersuggestsahugerangeofdifferentapplications,andincludesguidanceonhowtouseadvancedMindMappingtechniquesinthekeyareasofyourlifeexploredinChapter2:home,work,education,creativity,wellbeingandmemory.
ToolsforanIntuitiveandLogicalApproach
TheMindMapworkswithourinnateHumanLanguage.WesawinChapter2howwearebornfluentinthislanguage(seepage34):evenasbabieswelearnwithaformofMindMapsinourheads.AstheMindMapisbasedonthewayweinstinctivelyviewtheworld,itnaturallyhasinfiniteapplications,eachoneasindividualasweare.
Throughitsinfiniteapplications,theMindMaphasevolvedintoametalanguage:thelanguageoflanguageitself.
Thismetalanguagespeakstoboththelogicalandintuitivesidesofthebrain.TheemphasisinMindMappingonthetwinforcesofassociationandimaginationmeanssomepeoplebelieveMindMappingmustbeunsuitedtotechnical
meanssomepeoplebelieveMindMappingmustbeunsuitedtotechnicalsubjectsorrationalprocessessuchasmathematics.Thisissimplyuntrue.
WehaveseenhowMindMapsarehighlylogical,inthattheyarerootedinthelogicofassociation(seeChapter3,page130).TheyareextremelystructuredandsubjecttotheLawsofMindMapping,whichiffollowedwillalwaysensuretheirclarityandusefulness.TheseLawsencouragepeopletotakeanorderedapproachwhenstructuringaMindMap.Moreover,iftheywish,thosewhoaredrawntowardlogicalwaysofthinkingcanworkthroughtheassociationsonebranchatatimebeforemovingontothenextmainbranchintheirMindMaps.
ThestructureofMindMapsmakesthemagoodfitforsubjectsthatlendthemselvestocategorizationandtoaconsiderationofprocesses,suchasphysics,chemistryandmathematics,asDrDilipAbayasekaradescribedinChapter2(page96),whendiscussinghowheusedMindMapsinhislabwork.Theyareusefultoolsforbreakingdownscientifictopicsintotheircomponentpartsandprovidinganoverview.
MindMapsasaCalltoAction
DominicO’Brien,whokindlysuppliedtheForewordforthisbook,haswonWorldMemoryChampionshipsmanytimesandisthebestsellingauthorofbooksaboutmemorizationtechniques.HeisalsoamajoradvocateofthemanybenefitsandapplicationsofMindMapping:
Forme,MindMapsareagreatwayofovercomingprocrastination.Sometimesthethoughtofembarkingonanewbookorpreparingamemorycoursecanbedaunting:withsomanytopicstocover,it’seasytofallinthe“WheretheheckdoIstart?”trap.
BygrabbingablankA4sheetofpaperandplacingithorizontally,Icandivestraightintoaprojectandchuckdownmyimmediateideas.Moreoftenthannot,thefirstthoughtsthatfalloutofmymindarethetopicsImostneedtocover.HencetheMindMapallowsmetoprioritizewhatisessentialtotheproject.
Thefine-tuningofthepreciseorderoftopicsismucheasierifI
Thefine-tuningofthepreciseorderoftopicsismucheasierifIliterallyhaveapictureofthem,rightthere,infrontofme.TypicallyIgothroughthisfirst-stepprocesswhen:
•Writinganewbookorarticleonmemory•Organizingaseminarorspeakingengagement•Preparingforanimportantmeeting•Assemblingthebackgrounddetailsofanewclient•Understandingacomplexsubject,whetherpoliticsorascientificbreakthrough
•Movinghouseorpreparingatravelschedule•Prioritizingthe“to-dos”
Probablythelastone–‘prioritizing’–isthemostbeneficialandimportantuseofaMindMapforme.SometimesitistooeasytogetcaughtinthepresentandIcanfindmyselfhoninginonthechallengesofwhatturnsouttobetrivia.Theto-doMindMapallowsmetostepbackandberemindedofthegrandoverviewofwhatIwanttoachieveinlife.
It’sbeensaidmanytimesthatMindMappingisthe“Swissarmyknife”forthebrain.Well,inmyexperiencethat’sthebestdescriptionforit!
MindMaponMindMapping’sbenefitsformemorybyDominicO’Brien
AMindMapcanalsoactasadirectstimulus,spurringusintoactivity.Here’safavouritequoteofminefromtheScottishmountaineerandwriterW.H.Murray,whichpinpointshoweverythingseemstofallintoplaceoncewemakeacommitmenttodosomething.AndcreatingaMindMapistheidealwayofmakingthatcommitment:
Concerningallactsofinitiative(andcreation),thereisoneelementarytruththatignoranceofwhichkillscountlessideasandsplendidplans:thatthemomentonedefinitelycommitsoneself,thenProvidencemovestoo.W.H.Murray,TheScottishHimalayaExpedition
The99Applications
AlongsidethemanystoriesIreceiveofpeoplewhoseliveshavebeentotallytransformedbyMindMapping,theevidencetodayofmillionsofMindMapsandproto-MindMapsontheInternethasmadeitincreasinglyobviousthatthenumberofapplicationsforaMindMapisinfinite!
Overleafisatasterofasampleofthese:99areasofenquirythataMindMapcanhelpexploreforthebenefitofusall.UsethislistasaninspirationandastartingpointforyourMindMappingadventures.Iwouldbethrilledtohearhowyougeton.
TOP99MINDMAPAPPLICATIONS
Home:
ArrangingTravel FamilyConnections PlanningfortheFuture
CharitableActivities FlourishingFriendships Relationships
ChoosingaBaby’sName MaritalHarmony Shopping
ChoosingaPet MovingHouse ThrowingaDinnerParty
DiaryKeeping PackingforJourneys WeighingProsandCons
Work:
BusinessGrowth GoalSetting OrganizingIdeas
CreatingaCV MakingDecisions PlanningMeetings
DevisingStrategies Management Presenting
EventPlanning ManagingBusinessContacts ReachingTargets
FindingEmployment ManagingFinances SalesStrategies
FutureProjections MinutingMeetings SummarizingInformation
GettingPromoted Organization TeamAnalysis
Education:
Archaeology ChoosingaUniversity ExplainingaSupernova
Astronomy ComingUpwithDefinitions ExplainingaTree’sStructure
Biology Economics Geography
Botany Engineering Grammar
Chemistry ExplainingaNeuron History
IT Maths Revision
Languages Medicine Sciences
Law Physics SchoolProjects
Literature Maths StudySkills
MappingtheCosmos Politics Zoology
Creativity:
Art DecoratingaRoom MusicAppreciation
ComposingMusic DesigningaBuilding Poetry
CreativeDoodling Drama UnderstandingConceptualArt
CreatingMindMapArt LandscapingaGarden UnderstandingtheHumanLanguage
CreativeThinking ManifestingThoughts WritingaBook
Wellbeing:
FindingHappiness MentalHealth SettlingonaTreatment
HolisticHealth PhysicalHealth Spirituality
LifePlanning Self-analysis UnderstandingFears
Memory:
BrainGymnastics ImprovingRadiantThinking RecallingLearning
CapturingKnowledge MappingtheInternalCitiesofThought
RecallingaStorylineorPlot
ImprovingMemory Note-taking UnderstandingaText
AMindMapWarm-upThisexerciseisdesignedtoingrainthefundamentalelementsofMindMappinginyourbrain-cellpatternssothatMindMapmasterystartstobecomelikesecondnaturetoyou.
Takeninfourstages,theinitial“blitz”MindMapreleasesthebrainfromtheprisonofself-editing,allowingforarapidlyupwardlearningcurvetofollow.Then,asyouprogressfromspending5to10to20minutesonyourMindMaps,itwillbecomeapparentthatonceyourbrainreallyknowswhataMindMapis,itwillbereleasedtoexpressitsnaturalthoughts.Likearunnersettlingintotheirstride,thebraincanthen“breathe”muchmorefreelyand,inthelongerexercises,inhaleandexhalewithincreasedpleasureandproductivity.
Let’sgetstarted:
ReadthroughtheTop99MindMapapplications(seepage160).
NowpickatopicandmakeaMindMapforit.Giveyourselfonly5minutesinwhichtosketchoutthisMindMap.Theideaistofreeyourselfupinmuchthesamewaythatartistsoftendoanumberoflightning-quickwarm-upsketchesbeforesettlingdowntocompleteamasterpiece.
Afterashortbreak,pickanothertopicfromadifferentcategory(e.g.“Education”ratherthan“Home”).Next,makeaMindMapin10minutes.
Repeattheprocesswithathirdtopicfromanothercategory.CompleteyourMindMapin15minutes.
Chooseafourthtopicfromoneoftheremainingcategories.FinishthisMindMapin20minutes.
ComparetheamountofdetailandoriginalityofthefourMindMapsastheyprogressfromanearlierstagetoamoredevelopedstage.Thenimaginehowmuchmoreyouwouldbeabletogenerateifyouhadanhourtocompleteasolution-findingMindMap.
TakeanothercloselookattheMindMaps.Whichoneappealstoyouthemost?Why?
Now,orwhenyounexthavetheopportunity,workontheMindMapthatappealstoyoumostuntilitlookscompletelyfinishedtoyou,oruseitasthebasisforanotherMindMaponthesametopic.
ADVANCEDMINDMAPPINGATHOME
ThisrestofthischapterexploressomeexamplesofhowyoucantakeyourMindMappingpracticeastepfurther,usingMindMapstohandlecomplexandchallengingsituationsaswellasconsiderthebiggerpictureofwhatyouwantfromallareasofyourlife.
MindMappingPlanners
YoucandomorewithMindMapsthanscopeoutthecomingweek.Theyalsomakegreatday-by-dayplanners;equally,theycanbeusedtooutlineyourscheduleforawholemonthorevenayear.AMindMapplannercanbeusedbothtoplanyourlifeandtoreviewit;itcanhelpyouhighlightyourprioritiesandmakesureyouareinchargeofyourowntime,achievingahealthybalancebetweenworkandleisureactivities.Ratherthanbecomingaslavetoaschedulethat’snotofyourownmakingorinyourbestinterests,aMindMapplannerisa
that’snotofyourownmakingorinyourbestinterests,aMindMapplannerisapowerfulwaytomakesureyourdaysareliterallyfullofcolour!
MypersonalMindMapdayplannerisfullofimages,codes,colours,keywordsandkeysymbols.Themostimportanttopicofthedayalwaysinspiresthecentralimage.Iusuallyusefivemainbranches:“morning”,“lunch”,“afternoon”,“evening”and“miscellaneous”,althoughsometimesthesemainbranchesoreventsrelatingtothemcangeneratefiveseparateminiMindMaps,circlingthecentralMindMaplikesatellitesroundaplanet.
ThecentralMindMapconnectswithasketchofaclockinthetopleftofthepage(asdescribedintheexerciseonpage166).Images,symbolsandcodesareplacedinthetimeslotsoftheclock,givingmeaninstantoverviewofwhatIwouldliketoaccomplishinthehoursahead.Unlikeaconventional,linearplanner,whichmightonlyliststhehoursinadayfrom8a.m.until6p.m.,theclocksinmyMindMapdiaryaredividedinto24hours.Ichoosetostartmydaysatmidnightbecause,likemanyothercreativethinkers,Ihavefoundthebraincanbeveryproductiveinthesmallhours.Icould,forinstance,decidetospendthehoursbetweenmidnightand3a.m.concentratingonanewproject,writing,MindMappingorsolvingproblems.
TheimageryinmyMindMapdiarylinksinturntomymonthlyschedule,sothetwoofthem–diaryandschedule–workintandemlikethecogsinamachine.Mymonthlyscheduleshowskeyimagesandwordsrelatingtothemostimportanteventsinthemonth,aswellastheon-goingactivitiesIenjoy,suchasarunning,rowingandlecturing
Mydiaryentriesandmonthlyschedulesworksymbiotically:theoverviewofthemonthtriggersmymemoryofthedays,andthedaystriggermemoriesofthemonth.WheneverIflickthroughmydiary,it’slikewatchingstillsfromthemovieofmylife.
BeforeIinventedMindMappinganddevelopedthiswayofkeepingacombineddiaryandmonthlyschedule,Iusedtoforgetwholechunksofmylife.Now,though,MindMappingkeepsmymemoryfreshandIintendtocarryonusingituntilthedayIdrop!AndIhope,onceyouhavetakenthemanybenefitsandpleasuresofMindMapstoheart,thesamewillgoforyoutoo!
Besidesmappingoutyourmonthlyschedule,youcanuseaMindMaptocreate
Besidesmappingoutyourmonthlyschedule,youcanuseaMindMaptocreateayearlyplanner.AyearlyplannerMindMapcouldhaveabranchforeachmonthoftheyear,whilethesub-brancheswillrelatetothatmonth’smostpressingconcernsandconsiderations.It’sagreatwaytoplanforimportanteventssuchasweddings,travel,tripsandparties.Ialsouseyearlyplannerstomakesuremyyearaheadcontainsahealthybalanceofwork,travel,writingandleisure.
HourbyHourTrymakingaMindMapplannerentryfortoday.
Beginbydrawingaclockinthetopleft-handcornerofyourpage.Dividethisinto24segments.
Fillthesegmentsoftheclockwithappropriatewords,imagesandcodes,blockingoutyouruseoftime.
Whatisthemostimportantthingyouneedtoconsiderorachievetoday?UsethistoinspirethecentralimageofyourMindMap.Inthespacebelowtheclock,drawyourcentralimage,leavingplentyofroomaroundit.
Nowcreatebranchesfromthecentralimage,relatingtothemainareasorthemesofyourday.Colourthesemainbranchesindifferentcolours.Createsub-branchesfromthemainbranches.
Linkthemainbranchesandsub-branchestotheclockwithconnectingarrowswhererelevant,sothatthetwoareworkinginharmony–likeclockwork!
Arethereanyevents,experiencesorconsiderationsthatdeservetobemadeintominiMindMapsoftheirown,circlingthecentralMindMap?
Whenyouhavefinished,considerwhatperspectivestheMindMapoffersonthewayyouuseyourtime?
ADVANCEDMINDMAPPINGATWORK
ThebusinesscommunityhasadoptedMindMappingwithincredibleenthusiasmovertheyears.Sometimesthishasproducedmixedresults:aswesawinChapter3,manyofthediagramsthatpurporttobeMindMapsarenottrueMindMapsatall.However,whentheLawsarefollowedproperly,MindMapscanachievespectacularresultsintheworkplace,wheretheyhaveaninfiniterangeofapplications,includingresearchingprojects,creatingpresentations,writingannualreports,managingtime,brainstorming,negotiatingandthinkingstrategically.
Scalingtheirapplicationsupanotch,MindMapscanbeusedtoplanthevisionforacompanyonagrandscale,andhaveothersophisticateduses,suchasresolvingcompanydisputes(seepage169).Onanindividualbasistheycanhelpyoudecidewhichcareerpathtopursueaswellasplanhowtoclimbthepromotionladder.
DecisionMaking
WesawinChapter4howtotackleindecisionwhenconsideringtheoutcomeofaMindMap.HerewearegoingtolookathowMindMapscanbeveryhelpfulindecisionmakingitself,enablingyoutoseetheprosandconsofanygivensituationataglance.Ofcoursethisisaskillthatisusefulinanyarenaoflife,butitisperhapsmostvaluableofallintheworkplace.
Decisionsthatleadtosimpleyes/noresponsesaretypicallyknownasdyadicdecisions(fromtheLatindyas,meaning“two”).TouseaMindMaptohelpyoumakeadyadicdecision,createitasyouwouldanyotherMindMap,startingwithastrongcentralimageandusingyourimagination,associationandintuitiontocreatemainbranchesfromitthatrelatetothemostimportantconsiderationsyouwishtoaddress.
WhenyouaremakingaMindMaptohelpyoumakeadecision,beawarethatthecoloursandpicturesyouallocatetothedifferentbrancheswillgiveyouaninsightintothesubtleworkingsofyoursubconscious,perhapsrevealinghiddenpreferencesthroughtheuseoffavouritecoloursforlikes,orlessfavouredcoloursandimagesfordislikes.
WhenyouhavecompletedtheMindMapaboutyourdilemma,takeamomenttoconsiderandtrythefollowing:
•WhatfeelingsdidcreatingtheMindMapgiveyou?Didyouhaveanyparticularlystrongemotionswhenworkingonanyofthebranches?Ordidanyofthemleaveyoufeelingcompletelyindifferent?
•Didyouhavean“aha”momentatanystageduringtheprocess?CouldyousenseawayforwardbeforeevencompletingtheMindMap?
•RankeachofthekeywordsoneithersideoftheMindMapwithanumberbetween1and100accordingtohowimportantthatwordis.Tallyupthescoreforthe“yes”sideandforthe“no”side.Whichtotalishighest?Thehighesttotalwins–buthowdoyoufeelaboutthatoutcome?
•Ifyouarestillunclearaboutthewayforward,oryourreactiontotheplanofactionsuggestedbytheMindMap,takesometimeout.Goawayandincubateyourresponse.
•Iftheabovedoesnotleadtoadecision,recalltheprocessdescribedinChapter4(seepage144),relatedtoindecision.
Whetheryouaredecidingifyoushouldredecorateyourbedroomormovehouse,pursueacourseoftreatmentproposedbyyourhealthcareprovider,oracceptanewjob,MindMapscanactasaloyalcompanionalongtheway,helpingyoufacelife’sbig(andsmall)decisionswithequanimity.
MindMapsandtheArtofConflictResolutionMindMapsareusuallycreatedbyindividualsashighlypersonalizedthinkingtools,yettheycanalsobeaveryproductivejointenterprise.Atthismoreadvancedlevel,theycanbeanextremelyusefulandrewardingwaytoexploreanotherperson’spointofviewinconjunctionwithyourown,andforfindingcommongroundandresolvingdisputes.
BeforeattemptingtocreateajointMindMaptoresolveadisagreementorupset,youneedtogainenoughexperienceinMindMappingtomaketheLawsfeelasiftheyare
partoftheveryfibreofyourbeing!
Thatway,youwillbeabsolutelycertainoftheprocessbeforeattemptingtoguideanybodyelsethroughit.
TherearetwopossibleapproachestousingMindMappinginconflictresolution.ThefirstinvolvestwoormorepeopleworkingtogetheronasingleMindMap,takingturnstoaddbranches,toexploreassociationsandtodiscusstheapproach.Inthesecondmethod,thepartiesconcernedworkonseparateMindMaps,whicharethenshared,comparedanddiscussed.
Ihavefoundthatthebestwaytoproceedistopresenttheproblemsfirstandthentofollowthesebythepositives,beforesettlingonsolutions.Thisway,thediscussionismorelikelytoremainupbeatandreachapositiveconclusioninsteadofdeterioratinginaspiralofnegativity.
Whicheverapproachyoutake,it’simportanttoalloweveryonetohavetheirsay;tospeakhonestlyandopenly;andtorespecteverybody’sopinionswhetheryouagreewiththemornot.Iftheexchangebecomesheated,taketimeouttocooldown.ThenresumethediscussionbykeepingthefocuspurelyontheinformationintheMindMap(s),ratherthanbeingtemptedtoresorttopersonalattacksorcriticism.
Asshownintheexampleopposite,aMindMapforresolvingconflictcouldstartbydefiningtheissueathand,perhapswitheachparticipantcontributingkeywordsthatsummarizethesituationforthem.Thenextbranchcouldexploretheeffectsofthesituation,coveringpositives(ifany)aswellasnegatives,lookingatareassuchastheimpactontheteamandonpersonalfeelings.Youcouldthengoontoaddresswhatyoubelieveisneededtoresolvethesituation,aswellaswhatyouwant(needsandwantsarenotnecessarilythesamething).Finally,theMindMapcouldexploresolutionsthatbuildontheinsightsuncoveredduringtheprocess.
Oncetheexchangeiscomplete,apositivestepforwardcouldbetocreateajointMindMapbasedonthesolutionsyouhavereached.Apossibleapproachisillustratedopposite,withthetwoparticipantseachusinganidentifyingcolour(blueandred)tohighlighttheirfeelingsandideas,ratherthaneachbranchbeinggivenitsowncolour,asismoreusualinMindMapping.Wherefeelingsare
mutual,bothcoloursareused,andathirdcolour(purple)isusedforthebranchidentifyingthejointlyreachedsolution.
WORKTOLIVE,LIVETOWORKIthinkImustbeastrongcontenderforthepersonwiththebestjobintheworld:Igettomeetfascinatingpeople,traveltheglobeandsharemypassionforMindMaps,witnessingfirst-handhowtheyradicallytransformthelivesofothers.It’sprettyamazing,really!Asadults,manyofusspendmostofourwakinghoursatwork.Inlightofthis,Ibelieveit’simportanttofindworkthatgivesusasenseofachievementinsomeway,orfeedsoursenseofpurpose.Hereagain,MindMapscanhelp,asthefollowingstorybyManeeshDuttshows.
MINDMAPFORRESOLVINGCONFLICT
TheCouragetoStartOutonMyOwn
ManeeshDuttisasuccessfulauthor,speakerandtrainer.Hewas
workingasachemicalengineerinDelhiwhenherealizedheneededtomakesomechangesifhewantedtopursueacareerhetrulyloved.Thisishisstory:
Thereisa“quiet”majorityofcompanyemployeeswhoharbouranentrepreneurialambitionbutwhofailtogarnersufficientenergytopushthemselvesinthedirectionoftheirpassions.Iwasnodifferent,onceuponatime.HavingbeingbittenbytheMindMappingbug,Iwascontemplatingquittingmyjobtopursuethispassion24/7.However,withtwodecadesofonlyregularjobexperiencebehindmeandnoentrepreneurialexperience,thiswasbynomeansaneasydecisiontomakeandIhadmysetofdoubtsandfears.
ButitallchangedonaquietweekendwhenIdecidedtoMindMapmychallenge.ImadeasimpleMindMapwithfourbranches,asshowninthepictureopposite.
Inthefirsttwobranches(ontheright),IanalysedthepainIwastryingtoavoidbynotchanging,andthepleasureIwasgettingbycontinuinginthejob.Inthethirdbranch,IidentifiedthepainthatIwouldexperienceifIcontinuedinmycurrentjobforlong.Finally,thelastbranchcapturedthepleasurethatIwouldachieveifIbecameafreelancetrainer/consultantforMindMaps.
MindMapbyManeeshDuttonhiscareerchallenge
ThisMindMap–andespeciallythefinalbranch,whichcapturedallmyjoyousemotions–gavemethemuch-neededcouragetotaketheplungeandstartoutonmyownwithoutanyfurtherdelay.SothefollowingMondayIsubmittedmyresignationandbeganmyjourneyasafreelancetrainer.Iamhappytoconfirmthattherehasbeennoturningback:IamreallyexperiencingallIhadmapped,wereItomakethechange.IwouldstronglyencourageothersinasimilardilemmatogivethissortofMindMapatry.
ManeeshDuttisnowahighlysuccessfulglobalMindMapinstructorandtheauthorofbooksincludingMindMapsforEffectiveProjectManagement,whichcanbefoundontheshelvesoftheprestigiousHarvardBusinessSchoollibrary.
DevisingaCompanyVision
In2015,ArabscientistandmathematicianDrManahelThabetachievedaGuinnessWorldRecordwhenshetaught1,350studentshowtoMindMapinjust30minutes.SheisalsothecreatorofaSuperMindMapthatblewmeawaywhenIvisitedDubaitoseeit.ManaheltoldmethatafterbeingawardedtheWorldRecord,shewasapproachedbyAbdulhamidJuma,ChairmanoftheDubaiInternationalFilmFestival(DIFF).HechallengedhertocreateaMindMapabouttheDubaiFilmFestival’soperations,reachandglobalpositioning.Inadditiontothis,AbdulhamidaskedManaheltoinvitemetosigntheMindMapwhenitwascompleted.
Forthreedays,ManaheltrainedateamofmanagersfromDIFFinMindMappingandworkedwiththemoncollectingandcollatingtheirdata.Noorganizationhadeverattemptedaprojectlikethisbefore,andatfirstsometeammemberswereunderstandablyscepticalabouttheprocess–tothemitjustlookedlikeaconfusedmassofcoloursandsquiggles.Initiallytheydidn’tbelievethatMindMappingcouldhelpimprovetheircreativity,memoryandintelligence.Yet,bytheendofthethreedays,theycompletelyagreed.ManahelandherteamthenspentawholedayhanddrawingtheMindMap.Theresultoftheircollaborationwasaremarkableachievement.TheDIFFMindMapwascomplex,comprehensive,practicalandfollowed
TheDIFFMindMapwascomplex,comprehensive,practicalandfollowedtheLawsofMindMappingtothelastdetail.Itprovidedacomprehensiveoverviewofthecompanyatthatpointintime,whilealsohighlightingareasforpotentialdevelopmentandexpansion,makingittheperfecttoolforguidingthecompanysuccessfullyintothefuture.
DrThabetconsideringadraftoftheDIFFMindMap
ItwasapleasureandaprivilegetoaddmysignaturetotheDIFFMindMap.
Manahelrecallshow,whileworkingonit,hershouldersachedsomuchthatshefeltlikeMichelangelopaintingthedomeoftheSistineChapel!ItoldherthatitwasanhonourtosigntheDIFFMindMap.ThemoreIlookedatit,themoremagnificentitbecame.Tothebestofmyknowledge,thiswasthefirstMindMaptolookatasubjectinmicrocosmicandmacrocosmicdetail,mappingitspastaswellhighlightingitspossiblefutures.
ADVANCEDMINDMAPPINGFOREDUCATION
InChapter2IexplainedhowMindMapsarelikesoldiersinthebattleagainstignorance,empoweringyourbrainwiththeirartillery.Whetheryouareplanningaspeech,preparingapresentationorwritinganessay,MindMappingisanexcellentwaytoordeandarticulateyourthoughts.Theycanbeusedforlearninglanguages,advancednote-takingandprécisingcompleteworks,aswellasforessaywritingandresearchingprojects.Ifyouhaveaneducationalgoal,MindMapscanhelpyouachieveit.
RaymondKeene,OBE,isaBritishchessgrandmaster,thechesscorrespondentforTheTimesandSpectator,andthemostprolificauthoronchessandthinkinginthehistoryofthegame.HecreatedtheMindMaponpage178,whichexplainsthehistoryofthemoderngameofchess.
LearnLikeaNative
Throughtheuseofcolourandimagery,MindMappingliftslanguageoffthepageandreleasesthebrain,likeabirdfromacage,toflyfreeintherealmofideasandassociation.ThisisonereasonwhyaMindMapisanexcellentmeanstolearnasecondlanguage.Whenyouwereatschool,didyouhavetomemorizetedious,monochromaticlistsofvocabulary?Nowondermanyofusfoundlanguagestrickytolearn.Unlikelinearteachingmethodsandmind-numbingcolumnsofwords,aMindMapisanexcellentwaytolearnnewvocabulary.
TheMindMaphasanadvantageoverotherteachingmethodsinthatitisaproductoftheHumanLanguageitself(seeChapter1,page34):aMindMapthereforeinstinctivelytranscendsdivisionsinordertocreatelinksandconnectionsbetweenseparatecategories.ChunkingcanalsobeusedveryeffectivelyinMindMapsforlanguagelearningtogrouprelatedinformationintomemorableclusters,mirroringthewaythebrainprocessesinformation.
VocabTest
BelowisaselectionofSwedishwordsandtheirEnglishequivalents,presentedinthelistformsobelovedofteacherseverywhere.Yourmission–shouldyouwishtoacceptit–istocreateaMindMapbasedonthisvocabulary.Besuretoincludecolour,plentyofsymbolsandchunkingwhereappropriate.
människa humanbeing valp puppyman man katt catkvinna woman kattunge kittenbarn child fågel birdhund dog fisk fish
OnceyouhavecreatedyourMindMap,spendabout20minutesconsideringitandmemorizingit.
Whenyouareready,coverupyourMindMapandthevocablist(nocheating!).Next,answerthefollowingfivequestions:
WhatistheSwedishwordfor“humanbeing”?
Kattungeistokattas[-------------]istohund.
WhatistheEnglishwordforkvinna
Wherewouldyouexpecttofindafågel–intheskyorinthesea?
WhatistheSwedishwordfor“child”?
AThinkingToolforAchievement
TakeacloselookattheMindMapbelow.Whatdoesittellyou?
Init,chessgrandmasterRaymondKeenechartsthehistoryofthechessgame.HebeginswithgamesinthelostcityofUr,considersthe
Arabiccultivationofthegameshatranj(aprecursorofchess),chartstheRenaissancechangestochessandconcludeswithSpanishinfluences,whichresultedinthemoderngame.
ThearticleonwhichtheMindMapisbasedisover1,000wordslong,andtracks5,000yearsofhistory,yetRaymond’sMindMapmakesallthatinformationavailableataglance.Inhisownwords:
MindMaponthetransitiontomodernchessbyRaymondKeene
ThevirtueofaMindMapwhenpreparingaspeechorwritinganarticleistwofold:thewriterisconstantlystimulatedbythebranchingtreesofideastonewandmoredaringthoughts;whileatthesametimethekeywordsandcentralimagesensurethatintheverbiageofspeakingandwriting,nomajorpointisoverlooked.
TheMindMapisparticularlyusefulinthiscontext.Withoutturningorshufflinganypages,itispossibletoinformtheaudienceinadvanceaboutthestructureandkeypoints.Becauseyouarealwaysoperatingfromonesheet,youcantellyouraudiencewhatyouplantosay,youcansayitwithconfidence,andthenyoucanrecaptodemonstrateyouhaveprovedyour
andthenyoucanrecaptodemonstrateyouhaveprovedyourpoint.Withlinearnotes,thedangerisendingsimplywherethenotesstop,inessencearandommoment,oftendeterminedbychronologyratherthanmeaning.
Assumingthatthelecturerhascompletecommandoftheirsubject,thekeywordsactasacatalystforenthusiasmandextemporeideasinsteadofadryrecitationoffactsoftendeterminedbydatesratherthansignificantcontent(i.e.thelecturestartsatthebeginningofthesubject’slifeandfinishesattheend).Ifthelecturerdoesnothaveperfectgraspofthesubject,linearnotessimplymakeitworse.Whetherwritinganarticleorgivingaverballecture,theMindMapactslikeaship’shelmtonavigatethroughthemainoceansofthepresentation.
ADVANCEDMINDMAPPINGFORCREATIVITY
IfyouhavebeencreatingMindMapsfortheexercisesinthisbook,Ihopeitwillbecleartoyoubynowthatyouarenaturallycreative:youhavebeenengagingyourfacultiesofassociationandimaginationtocreatehighlyindividualanduniqueMindMapsthatexpresstheworkingsofyourbrain.
IhaveseenmanyMindMapsthatarewonderfulworksofartintheirownright,withdazzlingcoloursandinventiveimagery.RegardlessofwhetheraMindMapsfallsintothiscategory,itcaninspiremasterpieces.Itcan,forexample,beusedtoshapeasculptureormapoutthemovementsinapieceofmusic,aswellprovideinspirationforworksofpoetryandprose.
WRITELIKEAPOET
Youmaythinkthatpoetryissomethingonly“poets”canattempt,butwiththehelpofaMindMapyoutoocanfindyourmuse.Poetryhasbeenoneofthedrivingforcesofmyownlife.InChapter2,IencouragedyoutolearnalimerickbyEdwardLear.Oppositeisanexercisethatinvitesyoutowriteapieceofyourown.First,though,IwouldliketoshareasimplepieceofmineinwhichtheimageryflowslikeabranchinaMindMap:
HappysparrowDoingsomersaults;AutumnleafTumblinginSpringtimeWinds.
Asyoucansee,itisaveryshortpoemthatisratherlikeaJapanesehaikuinitssimplicityandfocus,althoughitisfreefromahaiku’sformalthree-linestructure.I’vesharedittomakethepointthatyoudon’thavetochooseagrandsubjectoranelaboraterhymeschemetowriteapoemthatmeanssomethingtoyou.Followtheinstructionsonpage181toMindMapasimpletopicandpreparetomeetyourinnerpoet!
MeetYourMuseHereisanexercisetogetyoustartedonapoemofyourown.Startbychoosingoneofthefollowingrandomlyselectedwords:
rose winter waterbridge cloud fallsleep puzzle touchleaf glass knifesand rope touchmouse sandwich lovefur sandwich dream
Onceyouhavechosenyourword,makeaMindMapaboutit.Pushthebranches,sub-branchesandsub-sub-branchesinthisMindMapasfarasyoucan,righttotheedgesofthepaper,usingcolours,images,codesandconnectingarrows.
Whichbranchesstandoutthemost?
Whichimagescatchyoureyeandigniteyourimagination?
Whatconnectionsintrigueyouthemost?
Usethesestimuliasthebasisofashortpoem.
GetPublished!Asyoumayhavenoticed,manyofmyfellowMindMappershavegoneontobecomepublishedauthors.Ifyouarethinkingaboutwritingabookofyourown,useaMindMaptoplanyourapproach.Thesedays,ifyouwantyourbooktobeasuccess,youneedtothinkaboutmorethanthesubjectmatter.Useyourbranchesandsub-branchestoconsidertopicssuchas:
•Theconceptofthebook:theinitialsparkofyouridea,yourapproachandyourambitionsforit.Doyouwantittoinform,surpriseand/orentertain?
•Researchyouneedtodobeforeyoustartwriting:thiscouldbeintoyourchosengenre,themarket(what’sthecompetition?),yourreadership(ageandgender,forexample)aswellasbackgroundinformationneededforthetextitself.
•Yourplanfortheelementsofyourbook,suchas(ifyouarewritingfiction)plot,charactersandthemes,aswellasyourwritingscheduleandtargetwordcount.
•Thewritingprocessitself,includingascheduleforthedraftsaswellaswhereyouwillfindencouragementandfeedback.
•Howyouwillpromotethebookandyourselfasanauthor.Thisincludeswaysofconnectingwithyouraudienceandbuildingaplatformtopromoteyourworkthrough,forexample,socialmedia,andapersonalblogandwebsite.
•Finally,youmightwanttolookatwhetheryouwanttogothetraditionalpublishingrouteortryself-publishing,weighingfactorssuchascost,profit,speed,supportandartisticfreedomagainstoneanother.
MINDMAPFORGETTINGPUBLISHED
ApplyDesignThinkingPrinciplesDesignthinkingisamethodologythathascometotheforeinrecentyearsasapractical,creativeandsolution-basedwayofreasoning.Thestagesusuallyincludeavariationon:
Empathise–learnfrompeopleDefine–findpatternsIdeate–designprinciplesPrototype–maketangibleTest–iterate
Itcanbeappliedtosystems,procedures,protocolsandcustomerexperiences.Ratherthanconcentratingonfixingproblems,itisanaction-orientedprocessthatfocusesonfindingdesirableoutcomes,andwhichtakesintoconsiderationempathyandemotions.Italsocallsuponlogic,imaginationandintuition.(Remindyouofanythingyet?)
(Remindyouofanythingyet?)
Thedesignmindsetisaboutbuildingupideasuntilan“aha”momentisreached,whenthepathforwardbecomesclear.Asdesignthinkinginvolvesmakingthingsvisibleandtangible,drawingisoneofitsmaintoolsforworkingthroughideas,sharing,dialogueandcommunication.OppositeisaMindMapexploringtheapplicationofbasicdesignthinkingprinciples.
Itcancomeasnosurprise,then,thatMindMapsplayanintegralroleinthedesignthinkingmethod.Afterall,aMindMapisallaboutimaginationandbuildingupideasthroughmakingthemvisibleonthepage.Moreover,aMindMapisitselfadesign:itisthinkingmadevisible!MindMapsandminiMindMapscanbeappliedateverystageofthedesignprocess–fromtheinceptionofadesigntoitspracticalrealization–andcanbeusedtodesignanythingfromtheplantingschemeofagardentoaplanforexpandingabusinesstotheoutlineofyourideallife.
MINDMAPFORAPPLYINGDESIGNTHINKINGPRINCIPLES
ADVANCEDMINDMAPPINGFORWELLBEING
WehaveseenhowMindMapscanactlikeyourveryownpersonaltrainer(seeChapter2,page114)byhelpingyoutoplanafitnessregimeorenjoyahealthydiet.
Besidestheiruseinpromotinggeneralwellbeing,MindMapshavebeenshowntobeeffectiveinengagingwithanumberofconditions,suchasautismanddyslexia.Peopleontheautisticspectrumoftenhavestrongvisualskills,whichmeansthatautisticchildrentendtolearnbetterthroughvisualmethods.MindMapsare,ofcourse,highlyvisualandencouragealearning-by-doingapproach.Theyofferanoverviewofasubject,aswellasemphasizingtherelationshipsbetweendifferentaspectsofit,makinginformationappearorderlyandhelpingautisticstudentstoimprovetheirrecallofthatinformation.Forthosewithdyslexia,short-termmemory,concentrationandsequencinginformationcanallbechallengingaspectsofdailylife,soMindMapsofferthemahelpfulwaytoorganizeandassimilateinformation.
Forthosesufferingfromdepressionandstatesofdemotivation,aMindMapcanhighlightsymptoms,outlinecopingtechniquesandstrategies,andincludehelpfulmedicalinformationonthebiologicalcauses.Itbecomesanactionplanaswellasadiagnostictool.Whereverstresscanleadtoforgetfulness,rigidityandadownwardspiraloffear,MindMapscanactasstressrelievers,massagingthatstressaway.Whenthebrainislessstressed,thebodybecomeslessstressed,leadingtoimprovedperformanceandmentalandphysicalwellbeing.
MindMapscanbeusedgenerallytoimproveyourunderstandingofaconditionandthendeviseahelpfultreatmentplan.If,forexample,youarecreatingaMindMaptomanageanxiety,youcouldstartwithacentralimagethatrelatestoyourfeelings,thencreatemainbranchesandsub-branchesrelatingto:
KateSwaffer’sStory
WhenKateSwafferwasdiagnosedwithdementiaattheageof49,shewasadvisedbyprofessionalstoleaveherjob,getheraffairsinorderandto
makethemostofwhatevertimeshehadleft.Justunderadecadelater,shehadcompletedtwoundergraduatedegrees,anMScandwasstudyingforaPhD.
Today,Kateisapublishedpoet,authorandinternationallyacclaimedspokespersonforthemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivewithdementia.In2017,shewasawardedtheaccoladenofAustralianoftheYearforSouthAustraliaandherphenomenalcampaigningworkcontinuestotakeherallovertheworld.
Kateisanadvocateofnon-pharmacologicalinterventionsandMindMapsformanimportantpartofherarmoury.ShewasintroducedtoMindMappingin2007byherdisabilityadvisorattheUniversityofSouthAustraliaandhasdescribedonherbloghowshecouldnotfunctionaswellasshedoeswithoutMindMaps:“…astheymapthingsoutvisually,offeringanotherwaytofindmyway”.HerstoryisahumblingexampleofthewayinwhichMindMapscanhelpacourageousindividuallikeKateliveafulfillinglifeinthefaceofadiagnosissuchasdementia.
•thingsthattriggeryouranxiety•howanxietyaffectsyourlife•thingsthatarecounterproductiveorexacerbateyouranxiety•activitiesthathelpyoumanageit•supportfromfamily,friendsandprofessionals
MindMapscanbeusefulforcarerstoo.Theycan,forexample,beusedtorecordnotesaboutimportantaspectsofaperson’slife,suchastheirpreferredlifestyleandthesignificantindividualsoreventsintheirlives.Besidestheirsocialfunction,MindMapscanbeusedmedicallyasameansofarrangingandagreeingthedetailsofcareandtreatmentplans.
THEFIGHTAGAINSTDEMENTIA
Asstorehousesorevengiantwarehousesofinformation,MindMapscanhelpholdthefortinthebattleagainstsuchdevastatingconditionsasdementia.Theycanbeusedbythosewhohavebeengivenadiagnosisofdementiaaswellasthosewhocareforthem.
thosewhocareforthem.
In2010,AmericanresearchpsychologistDrGeorgeHubawasdiagnosedwithanuntreatable,early-onsetneurodegenerativediseaseanddementia.Hewastoldthathehadlittletimeleft.Ayearlater,heretiredfromhisjobasanevaluatorofhealthandsocialcareprogrammes.However,hehadnointentionofresigninghimselftohiscondition.Instead,hedrewonhisprofessionalexperiencetoresearchvisualthinkingmethodsforthosewithcognitivedeclinewhowishtominimizeitsimpactontheirfuture.
DrHubasoonfoundthatMindMappingprovidedanespeciallyeffectiveandinexpensivewayoforderinghisdailylifeandmemories,makingdecisionsandplanningforthefuture.Bygettingridofcomplexsentencestructuresandtheneedtolearnbyrote,MindMapsappealtothemindinthepresentmoment.Today,GeorgeHubawritesanengagingblogabout“MyLifeasanOngoingCognitiveandMedicalExperiment”,enjoysalargefollowingonTwitterandhaspublishedashortbookcalledMindMapping,CognitiveImpairment,andDementia(Huba’sBolero).HeisapioneerintheuseofMindMapsasatooltotackletheeffectsofcognitivedecline.
Forthosewhohavedementia,MindMapsofferavisualthinkingtoolwithwhichtorecordmemories,organizedailyroutinesandplanahead.Theycanbeused,forinstance,forchoosingmealsandclothing,forrememberingmedications,andasMindMapdiariesandscheduleplanners.TheycanhelpMindMapperswithdementiaremembermedicalappointmentsandvisitors.Somepeoplewithdementiamaybeabletoexpressthemselvesmoreeasilythroughpictures,sketchesandscribblesthaninwords,inwhichinstancetheMindMapcanactasausefulcommunicationdevicetohelpthemrelatetothepeopletheyloveandthepeoplewhocareforthem.
MindMapshelpdementiasufferersandthosewhosupportthemmakethemostofthepresentmoment.
ADVANCEDMINDMAPPINGFORMEMORY
In1991,RayKeeneandIco-foundedtheWorldMemoryChampionships,aneventthatisseparatefromtheWorldMindMappingChampionshipsbutalso
eventthatisseparatefromtheWorldMindMappingChampionshipsbutalsofallsinthefieldofMindSports,andformspartofmylife’sworkinpromotingandimprovingglobalmentalliteracy.Today,competitorsfromallovertheworldtakepartintheChampionships;it’satrulymulticulturalevent.TheChampionshipsconsistoftendifferentdisciplinesinwhichtheparticipantsmemorizeasmuchinformationaspossiblewithinagivenperiodoftime,suchastheorderofapackofcardsoralongsequenceofbinarynumbers.
WorldchampionmnemonistDominicO’BrienfeaturedintheGuinnessBookofRecordsforhisachievementon1May2002,whenhecommittedtomemoryarandomsequenceof2,808playingcardsafterlookingateachcardonlyonce.Asheexplainedearlierinthischapter(seepage157),MindMapsareanessentialpartofhistoolkit.
WehaveseenhowMindMapscanbeusedtomemorizeinformation.Theycanalsobeusedasproductiveexercisesintheirownrightwithwhichtoimproveyourmemorybygivingyourbrainahealthyworkout.
AMindMapofMindMappingThiswonderfulMindMaprelatestotheprocessesofMindMappingitself.ItwascreatedbyChineseMindMapperLiuYan,andhelpedherwinawell-deservedgoldmedalinthe2016WorldMindMappingChampionships.LiuYanhasplacedaportraitofmeasthecentralimage,andhascreatedbranchesrelatingtokeyaspectsofMindMappingsuchasitsmethodology,itsapplications,andthemeansbywhichitiscreatedthroughdrawing,theuseof3DandtheLawsofMindMapping(seeChapter2,page60).TheresultingMindMapisimaginative,witty,colourfulandadelighttobehold.Itisfullofhumoroustouchesthatmakememorizingiteasyandfun.
TalktheTalk
ThisnextexercisewillenableyoutoexperiencethewaysinwhichMindMappingcanhelpyoutoreadfaster,improveyourunderstanding,takeusefulnotesandofferanoverviewofthematerialyouarereading–aswellasmemorizethatinformation.
•Pickabookfromyourshelvesandopenitatrandom.•Flickthroughituntilyougettothenextnewchapterormainsectionoftext.Skimthroughthistogetanoverviewofitscontents.
•NowsketchoutadraftMindMap.•Ifyouneedto,refertothesevenstepsofMindMappinginChapter1,page28,andtheLawsofMindMappinginChapter2,page60.
•ReviewthetextformoregoldandrefineyourMindMap.Keeplookingatthetextasyoudothistobesureyou’veincludedeverythingyouneed.
•Closethebook.•UsingonlyyourMindMap,recallthesubjectofthetextinasmuchdetailasyoucan.
Mostpeoplefeelnote-takingslowsyoudownwhenyouread.TheMindMapdoesexactlytheoppositeforyou:whenyourMindMapisfine-tunedtothekeywordsinatext,youreye–brainsystemwillsearchout,likeadetective,thekeyelementsofthecontent–immediatelyforminganetworkofassociationsthatwillgiveyouthe‘aha!’experienceofunderstanding.AsyourefineyourMindMap,youwillrefineyourunderstanding.
CreatingMagic
WhenLiuYanwonthe2016WorldMindMappingChampionships,Iwasinaweofherwork.ShehadmanagedtocreatewhatcouldonlybedescribedasaMindMappingmasterpieceinahighlypressurizedenvironment,withverylimitedtime.Iremembertellingtheaudience:“Whetheryou’refromChinaoranothercountry,pleaselearnMindMappingfromMissLiu,becausesheissurelyoneoftheleadingfiguresintheMindMapfield!”Here’sLiu’sstoryinherownwords…
MynameisLiuYan,andIcomefromBeijing.Ihavebeen
teachingMindMappinginChinasince2009.IbecameinterestedinMindMapsthefirsttimeIcameacrosstheminabookbyTonyBuzan.Attheageof23,ItooktheleadindrawingagiantMindMap(600m2),whichwasspreadoutonBaiyunMountaininGuangzhouduringthe19thWorldMemoryChampionshipin2009.
ImetMrBuzanforthefirsttimein2011,whenhewasgivingaspeech.AsIwasintheaudience,Iwasnotallowedtocomeintocontactwithhim.However,whenhisspeechended,ImanagedtoreachthestagewithmyMindMapinmyhands,despitethestaffattemptingtopreventme.AndMrBuzanexhibitedhisgenerosityinpatientlygivingmeinstructions.ItwasfromthatmomentonthatIdecidedtodevotemyprofessionalcareer–infactmywholelife–tospreadingandpassingonthismagicaltool.
MindMapontheprocessesofMindMappingbyLiuYan
SoIcameallthewaytoEnglandtostudyMindMappingwithMrBuzaninAugust2014,andIbecamethefirstqualifiedfemaleMindMapsupervisorontheChinesemainland.Todate,Ihavetaughtover60,000students!TheyoungeststudentIhaveever
taughtover60,000students!TheyoungeststudentIhaveevertaughtwasonlysixyearsold.Aftermyinstruction,shewasabletoMindMapawonderfulspeechandthendeliveritonstage.BystudyingMindMaps,manyofmystudentsareabletoimprovetheirperformanceandbecomemoreefficientintheirwork.
In2015,Iorganized81studentsinplanninganddrawinganothergiantMindMapwhich,at120m2,wasthebiggestMindMapinChinaatthetime.IcouldnotwaittosendthepictureofthemaptoMrBuzantheminuteitwasdone.Onseeingthemap,MrBuzangaveitthehighestpraise,saying,“Unprecedented!”
Ayearlater,inAugust2016,Ibeatthisrecordbyleading189studentsincompletinganothergiantMindMap,216m2,intwohoursand20minutes.ThethemeofthisMindMapwasChineseExcellentTraditionalCulture,anditwasreportedbythePeople’sDailywebsite.
IhavegoneontocreateothergiantMindMapswithnmystudents,includingin2017aMindMapofChinaitself,withthe34provincesdefinedasunits.ItscreationsymbolizesanattempttouniteWesternandEasterncultures.InChinatoday,MindMappinghasbecomealearningtoolthatmanyprimaryandmiddle-choolstudentshavetomaster,anditisalsoanecessaryskillfortheemployeesofmanylargeenterprises.IwanttoplaymyownpartinhandingdownMindMappingtothecominggenerationsinChina,andIhavenowwrittentwobooksonthesubjectofMindMapping,oneofwhichisanintroductiontoMindMappingandanotherwhichrelatesMindMapstotheancientprinciplesoftheTao-te-Ching.
On12December,2016,IparticipatedintheWorldMindMappingChampionshipsinSingapore.Afterfiercecompetition,playingthreegamesaday,Ibroketherecordwiththescoreof92.5inaneventforspeed-readingmagazinearticlesandpresentingtheirinformationintheformofMindMaps.Ialsosetnewrecordsfortheothertwoevents,spendinganaverageofhalfanhouroneachone.ThemomentwhenMrTonyBuzansaid,“Thewinnerofthisyear’sWorldMindMappingChampionshipsgoldmedalisLiuYan,”Iburstintotears.Thisprizeisthebest
goldmedalisLiuYan,”Iburstintotears.ThisprizeisthebestrecognitionthatIcouldeverhavehopedtoachieve,bothformyselfandformydearstudents.
Lookingforward,Idreamofhelpingmoreandmorepeoplebenefitfromthismagicaltool.IintendtodevotemyselftotheMindMapandthefuturelooksbright!
IhopebynowyouwillbeexcitedandintriguedbythepossibilitiesthatMindMapscanofferyouineveryaspectoflife.FromhumblebeginningssketchedonanA4sheetofpaperrightuptoMindMapssohugetheycovermountainsides,thereisliterallynolimittowhereMindMapscantakeyou,ortheapplicationsforthem.
6TheFutureofMindMapping
WhatdoesthefutureholdfortheMindMap?ThischapterconsiderstheMindMapinadigitalageanditspotentialrelationshipwithdevelopingArtificialIntelligence.ItlooksatthefutureofMindMappingandhowitcanhelpsmooththepathofyourownlife.
What’sNext?
TheMindMapisevolving.Thisshouldcomeasnosurprise,asaMindMapmirrorsthethinkingprocessesofthehumanbrainandthehumanbrainis,ofcourse,inevitablysubjecttotheprinciplesofevolution.
WesawinChapter1howtheMindMapfitsintothetrajectoryofhistory,takingitsplaceinachainofeventstriggeredbythegroundbreakingmarksmadebyStoneAgeartistsmillenniaago.WecannowexternalizebyhandtheMindMapsthatexistbiologicallywithinus,intheveryfabricofourbeing,intheconnectionsofourbraincells.Throughdrawing,writingandmakingmarks,theMindMaphasemergedfromthebrainandontothepage.
Yet,inournewera,thebalanceappearstoallintentsandpurposestobeshiftingfromthehandmadetothecomputergenerated,andresearchersarenowstudyingthewaysinwhichourmindsandthinkingprocessescouldbeaffectedbydevelopmentsinmoderntechnology.
Iamintriguedtoseewherethefuturewilltakeus–andtodiscoverwhatrolesMindMappingwillplayinaworldwhereHumanIntelligence(HI)getstogripswiththeimplicationsofArtificialIntelligence(AI).
GoingDigital
It’shardtobelievethatit’snowoveradecadesinceIteamedupwithChrisGriffithstocreatethefirsteffectivedigitalMindMappingsoftware:iMindMap.Aleadingentrepreneurwhosoldhisfirstcompanyatthetenderageof26,ChrisisthefounderofOpenGenius,thecompanybehindtheiMindMap,whichisnowusedbyoveronemillionpeoplearoundtheworld.Together,wecameupwithsoftwarethatreflectsthebrain’sorganicnatureandthewaysinwhichourthoughtprocessesinteract–whileobeyingtheLawsofMindMapping.
Unfortunately,manyoftheotherappsandsoftwarepackagesthatclaimtobeMindMappingtoolsbreakmostoftheLaws.Intheseinstances,thesoftwareoftengeneratesconceptmapsinwhich,forexample,theuseofcolourisoptionalandtherearemany“central”ideas;oranumberofwordsorphrasesareerroneouslycrammedintoboxesandplacedalongthebranches.Inthissortof
erroneouslycrammedintoboxesandplacedalongthebranches.Inthissortofdiagram,branchesarenotalwaysconnected,differentiatedororderedhierarchically.
ItisalwaysworthcheckingandcomparingthematrixoftheMindMappingLawswiththeminimatrixofsoftwareprogramsthatpurporttobeaboutMindMapping.Ifthetwodonotcorrelate,theprogramwillnotcreateatrueMindMap.Aswehaveseen,theLawsofMindMappingarebasedonsoundpsychologicalprinciples,whichmeansthatthefurtherapersondeviatesfromthem,thelesseffectivetheresultingdiagramwillbe.
THEBENEFITSOFDIGITALMINDMAPPINGByfollowingtheLawsofMindMapping,iMindMapsoftwaregeneratestrueMindMaps–creatingthenecessaryconditionsforgoodthinking,creativityandexcellentrecall.Theprogramhasprovedtobeaparticularlyeffectivetoolforuseinbrainstorming,negotiating,takingminutes,creatingpolishedpresentationsanddevelopingstrategy.
ThebenefitsofcomputerMindMapsinclude:•Theycanbeeditedwherenecessary•Theycanbebackedupdigitally•Theircleargraphicsmeantheyareeasytoread•Theycanbelinkedtoothermultimedia•Theyfacilitatepost-processanalysis(forexample,bygoingbackoverthestages)
•Theyaresimpletogenerateusingthesupplieddrawingtoolsandicons
OneoftheundeniablebonusesofdigitalMindMappingis,ofcourse,thespeedandeasewithwhichneatandusefuldocumentscanbesharedelectronicallywithcolleagues–andevenannotatedbythemwhereappropriate,encouragingcollaborationwithinteams.
WHERENEXT?Likeitshumancounterparts,iMindMapcontinuestoevolvewiththetimesandtheemergenceofnewtechnologies.Yetforallofitsadvancesinrecentyears,IbelievethatwearestillonlyattheverybeginningofMindMapping’sdigital
believethatwearestillonlyattheverybeginningofMindMapping’sdigitaladventure.
ROBOTLAWSVSTHELAWSOFMINDMAPPINGIn1950,AmericansciencefictionwriterIsaacAsmiovpublishedaprescientcollectionofshortstoriescalledI,Robot.Inthe1942story“RunAround”heintroducedthe“ThreeLawsofRobotics”:1.Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingor,throughinaction,allowahumanbeingtocometoharm;2.ArobotmustobeytheordersgivenitbyhumanbeingsexceptwheresuchorderswouldconflictwiththeFirstLaw;3.ArobotmustprotectitsownexistenceaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwiththeFirstorSecondLaws.
Therearesomepeopletodaywhowouldarguethatwehavereachedapointwhereweneedtostartactivelyputtingsomeformofroboticlawsinplace–devisingasortofTenCommandmentsforAI,ifyouwill.Onfirstconsideration,theirfearscouldseemjustified:inJune2017,AhmedElgammal,BingchenLiu,MohamedElhoseinyandMarianMazzone–researchersatRutgersUniversity’sArtandArtificialIntelligence(AI)Laboratory–publishedapaperinwhichtheysharedthought-provokingfindings.Theteamhadconductedanexperimentinwhichanewcomputationalsystemgeneratedentirelynewartworks.ThesepieceswerethenexhibitedatArtBasel2016–andwerepreferredbymanypeoplewhoviewedthemtothehuman-madeartondisplay!
Whilethatmaybeso,IbelievethatwehavealongwaytogobeforemuchofthehypesurroundingAIisactualized,andIammoreinclinedtoagreewiththeobservationsofProfessorGaryMarcus,anAmericanresearchpsychologistwhoseworkfocusesonlanguage,biologyandthemind.InanarticlefortheNewYorkTimescalled“ArtificialIntelligenceIsStuck.Here’sHowtoMoveItForward”(29July,2017),henotesthatAIsystemsstruggleintherealworld,andarguesthatweneedtodevelopanewAIparadigminwhich“topdown”and“bottomup”knowledgeareplacedonanequalfooting.Hedefinesbottom-upknowledgeasthesortofrawinformationwegetdirectlyfromoursenses,whereastop-downknowledgecomprisescognitivemodelsofhowtheworldworks.AIpresentlyworksprimarilywithtop-downknowledge,ratherthansensorystimulus.HisargumentisthatbothformsofknowledgeneedtobeintegratedifAIsystemsaretobecomeanythingmorethanpassivereceptaclesforinformation.Computerstodayarenotawareofwhattheyaredoing;theylacktrueconsciousness,soareultimatelyonlyascapableastheirprogrammersareskilled.Atthetimeofwriting,theylackcognitiveawareness.
ImentionedearlierthatIamintriguedtoseewhatthefutureholdsfortheMindMap.WhilemanybelievethattheworldwillinevitablybeheldhostagebytheinexorableriseofAI(thinkofallthoseTerminatormovies),Ihaveyettobeconvincedthatrobotscanapproachthebeautifulorganiccomplexityofthehumanbrain.WehavealreadydevelopedskilfulMindMapsoftwarethatcanbeusedforstunningpresentations,butwehaveyettodevelopAIthatcanitselfMindMapbyusingassociationandimaginationinmeaningfulways–letalonedosowhilebeingconsciousofthefactthatthisiswhatitisdoing.Today,evensupposedly“superrobots”lacktheabilitytodiscriminateorarepronetofallingflatontheirfaceswhentheycan’tseeastep!
Ratherthancreatenewroboticlaws,IwouldliketoseethedevelopmentofAIthatiscapableofconsciouslymasteringtheLawsofMindMapping,asIbelievethisissomethingthatwouldrepresentatruechallengeand,ifachieved,anincredibleaccomplishment.Aswehaveseen,throughtheuseofimagination,logic,associationandindividualinterpretationoftheworld,theLawsofMindMappingareinextricablyintertwinedwiththefundamentalprinciplesofgoodthinking.WhilewehavemadesignificantadvanceswithiMindMapanditwillcontinuetogofromstrengthtostrength,IhaveyettomeetarobotthatcancreateaMindMapindependentlyfromhumaninput.
IsincerelybelievethattheabilitytomakeaMindMapwouldactastheultimateproofofintelligenceinaroboticbeing.
APROVOCATIVECONVERSATION
MyconversationswithPolishMindMappingmasterMarekKasperskialwaysleavemefeelinginspiredandexcitedaboutthepossibilitiesforthisultimatethinkingtool.WerecentlyfoundourselvestalkingaboutdigitalMindMappingandAI,andMareksurprisedmewitharevelation.
“WhenIfirstlookedatiMindMap,Ilikeditverymuch,butIfounditwanting,tobehonest,”heconfessed.“TheprinciplesaregreatbuttheMindMapsoftwareonitsownistwo-dimensional–veryflat.Notmuchinourworldisveryflat;it’sallthree-dimensional.”
Icouldseehispoint.
Icouldseehispoint.
Marekcontinued:“Istartedthinkingaboutacentralthemebeinglikeholdingsomebody’sbrain.It’sathree-dimensionalthing:Icanspinitaroundandlookatitfromeverydifferentangle.ThenIimaginedthebranchesofthemajorthemescomingoutfromitliketendrils.Notinatwo-dimensionalway,liketheyareonaniMindMap,butthree-dimensional.SoIwouldlovetoseeacomputerprogramthatis3D,whereyoucanspintheMindMaparound.Itwouldbelikesolarflarescomingfromthesun.Theydon’tjustmoveinonedirection;theycometowardsyou;theycomeawayfromyou.Ifyoucouldturnthataroundyoucouldseethisbeautiful3DMindMap–likethethree-dimensional,tieredgameofchessthatSpockplaysinStarTrek.”
Hewentontosharewithmehisthoughtsonthebenefitsofdevelopingcompletely3DMindMapsoftwarethatcanbeusedonascreenoratablet,andspunwithyourfinger,helpingyoutounderstandthespatialpotentialofaMindMap,withallitsdifferentbranchesflowingoutina360-degreesphere.
Wearenowintheprocessofrefining3DiMindMapsoftware–andtheopportunitiesareboundless.
AIitselfisoftenapproachedasagameofnumbers;bignumbersadmittedly.Evensomethingasapparentlystraightforwardasagameofchesscaninvolve10tothepowerof70possiblemoves(whichgivesafigureof10with70noughtsafterit),whichiswhyittookdecadesandbillionsofdollarsforIBMtodevelopasupercomputercalledDeepBluethatwascapableofbeatingthenworldchesschampionGarryKasparovin1997.
AnotherfurtherchallengeforAIcameintheformoftheabstractstrategyboardgameGo.ManyintheroboticcommunitybelievedAIcouldn’tmasterGo,asthisgamehas10tothepowerof170possiblemoves.Thecomplexityisphenomenal.However,BritishAIresearcherDemisHassabiswasdeterminedtotackletheproblem.Besidesbeingaresearcher,neuroscientistandcomputergamedesigner,heisaMindMapperandtwotimewinneroftheDecamentathlon,amultidisciplinaryMindSportsevent.Heisalsotheco-founderofDeepMind,acompanydedicatedtopushingthefrontiersofAItechnologies.And,althoughittooktime,withthebackingofInternetgiantGoogle,DeepMindsucceededindevelopinganAIprogramcalledAlphaGothat,in2014,provedcapableofbeatingaworld-classGochampion.
AsAIhasbeatenthetoptwoathletesinthefieldofMindSports,therearethosewhobelieveitmustbeclosetoovertakingus.Butlet’sthinkbacktothosenumbersgamesforamoment.AMindMapradiatesbranches(BOIs)fromitscentre.Fromeachmainbranch,morebranchesgrow,andfromeachofthosebranchesyetmorebranchespotentiallyappear…Thequestionishowmanytheoretical,possiblebranchescouldspringfromanyonebranch–andtheanswer,ofcourse,stretchestowardinfinity.Evenintwodimensions,thepotentialreachofaMindMapisincalculable.
So,ratherthanconcentratingondevelopingMindMappingsoftware,wecouldflipthecoinonitshead.InsteadofusingdigitaltechnologiestopushtheparametersofMindMapping,MindMappingcouldproveawaytopushthepotentialofAIitself.
DuringmyconversationwithMarek,IconfessedmyvisionforthefutureofMindMapping,whichentailsestablishinganewAIsoftwaremultimilliondollarprizeinmuchthesamewaythattherehavebeenprizesforthedevelopmentofAIinthefieldsofMindSportssuchaschess.
SponsoredbyAIpioneersinthewaythatDeepBluewascreatedbyIBMandDeepMindwassupportedbyGoogle,thisprizewouldbeawardedtothefirstAIprogramorsupercomputerthatcouldfollowtheLawsofMindMappinginordertocreateitsownself-generatedMindMap.Inadditiontothis,theprogramwouldbeabletoreplicatethewayinwhichhumanscanmasterandapplyMindMappinginpracticalways.Thisgroundbreakingprogramwould:
•CreatehundredsofMindMapsindifferentformsusingdifferentimages
•UnderstandtheMindMapsthatitgenerates•Demonstratethatitcanthink•CommunicatetheideascapturedintheMindMap,expressingitindifferentlanguages,orusingotherwordsthatdirectthelisteningintelligencetothesamegoalinthewaythatahumanMindMappercancommunicateinformationcapturedinMindMapform
•ExpresstheideasintheMindMapbytranslatingthemintoart,sculptureormusicinthesamewaythatrealpeoplecanuseMindMapstoinspiretheircreativeaccomplishments
Hearingthis,MareksmiledandremindedmethatatthisstageinthehistoryofAI,evenanallegedlysophisticatedrobotisprimarilyadevicethatmimicsotherthingsinsuchawaythatitconvincesyouitisthinkingforitself,yetitisnot.Itismerelyaunitprocessingbinarynumbers:onesandzeros,“yes”and“no”,oneortheother.Butitisnotthinking:itisreactingandcalculating–butnotthinking.Norisitfeelingforthatmatter.
IagreedwithMarek’sobservations,andnotedthat,afterlosingtoDeepBlue,GarryKasparovobservedthat,ratherthanbeingdisappointedbytheoutcome,hewasmoresaddenedbythefactthatthepoormachinehadbeatentheworld’sgreatestchessplayer,yethadn’tthefaintestideaofwhatitwasdoinganddidn’tevenknowithadwon.
Norcoulditdowhathe,thenworldchesschampion,wouldbedoinglater:DeepBluewouldneverenjoyanicemeal,listentotheenvironmentaroundit,laugh,cryandreminisce,whileatthesametimerememberingallthemovesinthegame.Unlikehim,ithadn’tlivedeverymillisecondofthatgame.
Asthesituationstands,itseemsthatahumanelementwillremainanessentialcomponentinMindMappingfortheforeseeablefuture.ButifMindMappingcouldbeusedinthepracticaldevelopmentofAI–asameanstostretchit,challengeitandgrowit–imaginehowwonderfulthatwouldbe.AndifMindMappingcandothatforAI,justimagineinwhatamazingwaysitcouldhelpyouimproveyourownlife.Asahumanbeing,youareasuperbiocomputerandyourpotentialisincredible.
YourFuture
WhenmybookUseYourHeadwasfirstpublishedbytheBBC,Iwascalledintothepublishingoffices.Myeditorgreetedmewithanembarrassedsmile.“Ihaveaconfessiontomake:yourbookseemstodisappearfromtheshelvesheremorethananyothertitle.NotonlyisUseYourHeadsellinglikehotcakes,butcopiesvanishintothinairassoonastheyarrivefromthewarehouse!”
Ilaughed.Iwasdelightedbythethoughtthatmybookwas“disappearing”andthatcopieswerebeingtakenhomebystaffeagertolearnhowtousetheirheadsandimprovetheirbrainpower.
Overtheyears,however,othershavemisappropriatedMindMappinginwaysthathavenotalwaysbeensobenign.WitnessingthemisuseandmisinterpretationoftheMindMaphas,attimes,feltabitliketravellingonacoachthat’sbeenheldupbyahighwayman;thenwatchingaprecioustreasurebeingcarriedawayandburiedinthewoodswhereitcan’tbenefitanybody.
Myprimaryconcern–andoneofthemotivationsforwritingthisbook–istoensurethattheintegrityofthisamazingthinkingtoolisneitherlostnorcompromised,andthatitgoesontohelpmillionsmorepeoplearoundtheworldtodayandinthefuture.HavingdevotedmyadultlifetoteachingandsharingtheMindMap,mywishisthatMindMapMasterywillshoweverybodywhattheMindMaptrulyis,howitevolvedandhowitcanhelpusindividually;andthatitwillreinforcethefactthattheLawshaveapurposeandarethereforareason,becausetheyareintegraltogoodthinking.
Whateveryourcircumstances,thechallengesyouface,oryourhopesandambitions,youwillfindtechniquesandinsightsinthisbookthatwillenableyoutobecomeatrueMindMapmaster.Itismysincerebeliefthat,onceyouhaveworkedthroughtheexercisesinthisbookandgoneontomastertheartofMindMapping,youwillbewellonthewaytomasteringtheartoflifeitself.
EmbarkonthenextstageofyourMindMappingadventurerightnowbymakinga“ChangeYourLife”MindMap.InthisMindMap,drawuponalltheMindMappingskillsthatyouhaveacquiredsofartolookbeyondyourpresentcircumstances,articulateyourdreamsanddiscovernew,excitingwaysinwhichtorealizethem.Onceyoubegin,Iknowtherewillbenostoppingyou…
Allthatremainsformenowistowishyoueverysuccessandhappinesswiththemostpotentthinkingtoolintheworldtoempoweryou.
WelcometotheMindMappingglobalfamily!
ResourcesTonyBuzan–InventorofMindMapping
www.tonybuzan.com
WelcometoTonyBuzan’sworld.TonyBuzanistheInventorofMindMaps–themostpowerful“thinkingtool”ofourtimes.DiscovermoreaboutTonyhimself,andthetransformativepowersofMindMapping,memoryandspeed-reading,amongotherhelpfulresources.
iMindMap
www.imindmap.com
iMindMapisthefirstMindMapping,brainstormingandprojectplanningsoftware.ItenablesyoutoworkcreativelyusingfiveviewsincludingFastCaptureView,BrainstormView,MindMapViewandTimeMapViewthathelpcapture,organize,develop,actionandlaunchyourideas.Thesoftwareisusedbymanyoftheworld’sleadingorganizations,includingDisney,theBBC,Nasa,IntelandMicrosoft.
WorldMemoryChampionships
www.worldmemorychampionships.com
FoundedbyTonyBuzanandRaymondKeeneOBEin1991,whenthefirstWorldMemoryChampionshipswasstaged,thisisacommoncompetitionframeworkthathasenabledinternationalcompetitiontotakeplaceinthefieldofMemorySports.Itisbasedonthetenmemorydisciplines.
WorldMindMappingCouncil
www.worldmindmappingcouncil.com
FoundedbyPhilChambersandTonyBuzan,theWorldMindMappingCouncilisdedicatedtopromotingtheteachingofMindMappingworldwideandtoadvancingthecourseofgloballiteracy.
REFERENCES
Collins,AllanM.andM.RossQuillian“RetrievalTimeFromSemanticMemory”,inJournalofVerbalLearningandVerbalBehavior,Elsevier,volume8,1969.
Elgammal,Ahmed,BingchenLiu,MohamedElhoseiny,andMarianMazzone,“CAN:CreativeAdversarialNetworks,Generating“Art”byLearningAboutStylesandDeviatingfromStyleNorms”,(availableonline)June2017.
Farrand,Paul,FearzanaHussainandEnidHennessy,“TheEfficacyofthe“MindMap”StudyTechnique”,(availableonline)2002.
Haber,Ralph,“HowWeRememberWhatWeSee”,ScientificAmerican,May1970.
Huba,George,MindMapping,CognitiveImpairment,andDementia(Huba’sBolero),(availableonline)2015.
Marcus,Gary,“ArtificialIntelligenceisStuck.Here’sHowtoMoveItForward”,NewYorkTimes,July29,2017.
Restorff,Hedwigvon,“TheEffectsofFieldFormationintheTraceField”,1933.
Toi,H.,“ResearchonHowMindMapImprovesMemory”,paperpresentedattheInternationalConferenceonThinking,KualaLumpur,2009.
AcknowledgementsThePublisherwouldliketothankSueLascellesforherinvaluableassistanceincreatingthisbook.
ThePublisherwouldliketothankthefollowingMindMappersandphotographiclibrariesforpermissiontoreproducetheirmaterial.Everycarehasbeentakentotracecopyrightholders.However,ifwehaveomittedanyone,weapologizeandwill,ifinformed,makecorrectionstoanyfutureedition.AllMindMapsremainthecopyrightoftheircreatorsaslistedbelow:
Page26Shutterstock;page36Shutterstock;page37Shutterstock;page42Shutterstock;page43(above)Shutterstock;page43(below)Shutterstock;page44Shutterstock;page45(below)Alamy;page51Shutterstock;page126Shutterstock;page127Shutterstock;page128(above)Shutterstock;page128(below)Shutterstock;page129Shutterstock;page105MindMapbyMarekKasperski;page113MindMapbyPhilChambers;page132MindMapbyRichardLin;page158MindMapbyDominicO’Brien;page173MindMapbyManeeshDutt;page174ManahelThabet;page175ManahelThabet;page178MindMapbyRaymondKeene;page193MindMapbyLiuYan
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