International Students and Medical Education: Options and Obstacles Edward J. Miller, M.A. Director, Health Professions Advisory Program, Yale College Joni Huff, M.A. Director of Admissions, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago As institutions of higher education in the United States increasingly seek to attract a geographically diverse student population, the number of international students has begun to increase not only at the historically research-oriented universities, but also at small, liberal arts colleges nationwide.1 Indeed, many undergraduate admissions offices now use a "need-blind" financial aid policy, which means that foreign students from all economic levels can now consider an undergraduate education in the United States. Based on our experiences with Yale students and anecdotal information gleaned from our colleagues nationwide, the apparent result of the increased attention on an internationally diverse entering class and on a "need-blind" admission policy is that many international students arrive at our institutions believing that a baccalaureate degree from a U.S. college or university guarantees that they will be able to pursue an advanced degree program, including medicine, in this country. Premedical advisors are often faced with the unenviable task of informing international students that not only is it extremely difficult for those who are not citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. to obtain admission to American medical schools, but also that financial aid for such study is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to secure. Thus, it is imperative that pre-medical advisors work closely with the undergraduate admissions officers at their institutions to draft a statement that succinctly and clearly states these facts. At Yale, a Special Note to International Students Intending to Study Medicine, written by the premed advisor, is provided on a prominent section of the homepage of the Office of Undergraduate Admissions (www.yale.edu/admit/international/index.html). Barriers to Acceptance For those international students who still choose to apply for admission to U.S. medical schools there are two major issues they must confront: the lack of funding for foreign students and the small number of American medical schools that will consider applications from foreign students. Though undergraduate institutions are able to offer scholarships to international students in need, there are virtually no scholarships available for medical school education. The majority of American medical students finance their education through U.S. government-sponsored loans, which are available only to citizens or permanent residents of this country. Thus, many of the medical schools that accept applications from international students require that each such admitted student places in escrow the equivalent of one to four years’ tuition and fees (~US$40,000-US$200,000.) Unless an international student’s family can supply the necessary funds, depositing this amount of money in an escrow account is a nearly impossible task. However, there are some viable alternatives to securing the necessary funds, which will be discussed later in this article. Provided an applicant is able to secure independent funding, another major hurdle facing international students is the relatively small number of medical schools that will accept

applications. Using the Seventh Edition of the Premedical Advisor’s Reference Manual, it is clear that only 50 of the 126 U.S. medical schools accept applications from non-U.S. citizens/permanent residents. Moreover, according to the AAMC’s FACTS – Applicants, Matriculants and Graduates for 2003 (www.aamc.org/data/facts/2003/ 2003slrmat.htm) of 559 international applicants to U.S. medical schools only 82 actually matriculated. (This number becomes even more sobering when one considers that in 2003, 16,538 new students matriculated in U.S. medical schools.) Additionally, the vast majority of institutions admitting international students are private, and these schools typically have higher tuition and fees than state-supported medical schools, which may cause an admitted student to confront once again the issue of funding. Alternate Funding Options to Consider Although the above information paints a somewhat dim, albeit accurate, picture, there are some options for international students to consider when addressing the issue of funding medical school tuition and fees. One obvious option is institutionally supported (non-U.S. government money) MD/PhD programs that are frequently as well funded as Medical Scientist Training Program positions (www.nigms.nih.gov/funding/mstp.html), which are available only to U.S. citizens or permanent residents. However, these programs are highly competitive and are only an option for international students who have completed a significant amount of research and who are academically very strong applicants. When working with these individuals, advisors are encouraged to discuss in-depth the following questions, among others: · Do you really want the MD/PhD in order to pursue your career goals, or is the dual degree primarily being used as a source of funding to attend medical school? · Are you prepared for the type of educational experience that an MD/PhD program demands? · Do you know the typical career path for which an MD/PhD program generally prepares you? While an applicant without genuine interest in an MD/PhD program may attain excellent grades and the research experience required to be competitive in the admission process, if s/he is not pursuing the combined degree for the right reasons his/her interviewers will immediately recognize the lack of appropriate motivation and will be reluctant to accept the applicant. In all likelihood, the candidate will be passed over. Another funding option that international applicants may wish to consider is securing loans from a private bank. Interest rates on these loans vary greatly, and the student must secure an American citizen or permanent resident as a co-signor. The following websites provide additional information on this option and can be used as a starting point for a more detailed discussion: www.internationalstudentloan.com/intl_student/ www.estudentloan.com/content/begin/ international.asp www.teri.org www.nelliemae.com

International students should also be encouraged to seek information about loans that may be available from their home government. Some countries (especially lesser developed nations) provide financial support for their citizens to receive a medical education abroad. The student is normally then required to return to the home country to practice medicine for an established period of time to "repay" the loan. International students may also wish to consider returning to their home country to pursue a medical education, but for those who may be unable to do so (more to follow on this topic) they might explore non-U.S. based medical schools. Among others, schools such as St. George’s University in Grenada and Flinders University in Australia accept applications from foreign students who have received their baccalaureate degrees from an American college or university. However, it is important to note that the issue of funding may again present a problem. These institutions may offer some scholarship funding, but if an international student still has financial need, s/he may again need an American co-signor to borrow the remaining funds from a private bank. Canadian Students It is important to note that Canadian students do not face the same challenges as other international applicants do. First, the educational system in Canada is very similar to that of the United States, and admissions officers are therefore more familiar with that educational system. Second, there is also a long history of Canadians receiving both their undergraduate and medical educations in the United States. However, the greatest advantage that Canadians have over other international applicants is that they are better able to manage the financing of their medical school education. The Canadian government provides its citizens with CanHELP loans, which can be used for a medical school education in the United States. These loans require that the applicant have a satisfactory credit history and be a citizen of Canada. Interestingly, non-Canadian citizens are also able to apply for CanHELP loans provided they have a Canadian co-signor. Students may apply for up to the cost of education (including tuition, fees, room and board) less other financial aid and/or loans with a creditworthy co-signor. The minimum loan amount is US$ 1,000 per academic year and the maximum is $45,000 or cost of education as determined by the school, whichever amount is lower. Medical students may borrow up to US $25,000 each year on their own signature. More information about CanHELP loans can be obtained at www.internationalstudentloan.com/canadian_student/. Canadians also find that it is much easier to secure loans from a private U.S. bank if necessary. The obvious question to follow, then, is: Do U.S. medical schools view Canadian applicants in the same way as other international applicants or is special consideration given to an international student who is Canadian? The answer varies with each school. In some cases there seems to be no distinction, with all non-U.S. citizen applicants being viewed as foreign applicants. In other instances Canadian students have been admitted to medical schools that state they do not accept applications from foreign students. For Canadian applicants then admission to a U.S. medical school does not seem to depend nearly as much on the financial status of the candidate. More information can be found at www.acmc.ca/e-index.htm Students Returning to Their Home Country International students may also wish to consider returning to their home country to pursue their medical education. Due to the great variety of educational systems that exist, it is impossible to apply one uniform rule to the likelihood of a student being able to return to his/her home country for a medical education. In general, in countries where a student would typically pursue a post-

secondary educational scheme comparable to a U.S. baccalaureate program prior to entering a professional degree program, an applicant will find greater ease in transitioning back to his/her country for medical school. However, in those countries where it is common practice for a student to enter a professional education program following secondary school education, it will be much more challenging, if not impossible, for a graduate of a U.S. baccalaureate program to enter or to rejoin a medical curriculum in the home country. A student who is considering returning to his/her home country to pursue a medical education should contact the educational attaché at the consulate of their country to discuss his/her particular situation. Here again it is important to separate Canadian students from the larger pool of international applicants, for Canadians do have the option of returning to their country for their medical education following completion of a bachelor’s degree in the United States. Indeed, it is quite common for Canadian students to apply to both U.S. and Canadian medical schools simultaneously. However, there are some differences in the admission processes. It has been our experience over the years that Canadian medical schools in general place a greater emphasis on the applicant’s GPA. While U.S. medical schools certainly consider strongly a student’s academic achievement in the admission process, they also tend to place significant importance on the non-academic components of the application, including research, clinical opportunities, extracurricular activities, and volunteer experiences. These components appear not to have as much influence in the Canadian admission process. It is also important to note that similar to our state-supported medical schools that give preference to in-state residents, most Canadian medical schools also have a strong preference for in-province residents. Therefore, a Canadian applicant may actually have a greater likelihood of gaining admission to a private U.S. medical school than to an out-of-province medical school in Canada. The AAMC’s Medical School Admission Requirements publication includes a two-page description for each Canadian medical school and is an excellent resource for students. In addition, the Canadian Medical Colleges website (wwww.acmc.ca/e-index.htm) is a comprehensive resource concerning admission to and statistics about those schools. And as a note to advisors who may not be aware of it, the Seventh Edition of the Premedical Advisor’s Reference Manual also contains very helpful information about Canadian medical schools. Some Concluding Thoughts It is important for premedical advisors to understand the issues facing their international students. In some instances, these students may never have been told at the time of their acceptance to a U.S. bachelor’s program about the challenges they would encounter if they decided to apply for admission to medical school. Indeed, these students may be somewhat stunned to learn the statistics regarding the admission of international applicants to U.S. medical schools. Therefore, it is important for premedical advisors to make contact with international students as early as possible in their academic careers to begin a discussion about the challenges they will face and the options they might consider. If possible, advisors should contact their registrar’s office, office of international education, or undergraduate admissions office, whichever is appropriate on their campus, to obtain a list of all international students and subsequently to contact these students by email or other appropriate avenue of communication. With thorough and careful planning early in the academic career and with great attention paid to grades, research, and volunteer and extracurricular activities, well-prepared international applicants can gain admission to U.S. medical schools. But realistically international students must be far superior to their U.S. peers if they hope to secure any type of financial support from a medical school. Finally, for those international applicants who will be highly unlikely to secure a seat in a U.S. medical school it is incumbent upon premedical advisors to help them prepare alternative career plans.

References 1 This comment is a summary statement based upon the following articles: Connell, Christopher. The stories behind the numbers: Internationalizing the Campus, International Educator, Summer 2003; 12(3):12-21. Green, Madeleine. The internationalized campus: A strategic approach, International Educator, Winter 2003; 12(1):13-21. Merkx, Gilbert W. The two waves of internationalization in U.S. higher education, International Educator, Winter 2003; 12(1):6-12. NAAHP is grateful to Dr. Kay Singer, health professions advisor at Duke University, for compiling this list from our publication and suggesting that we post it on our website. It should be used judiciously in conjunction with the article above, and in consultation with one's health profession advisor. Duke University Health Professions Advising Center April 2005 MEDICAL SCHOOL ADMISSION POLICIES TOWARDS NON-U.S. CITIZENS Adapted From: Premedical Advisor's Reference Manual Eighth Edition, 2005 Edited by Carol Baffi-Dugan GENERAL COMMENTS When applying to US medical schools, non-US citizen permanent residents (green card holders) are generally treated the same as U.S. citizens. In most cases, permanent residents can qualify as legal residents of a state and are therefore afforded the same preferences that may be given to state residents at public and some private medical schools. Those not having a green card, i.e., international students, have a more serious problem, since not all medical schools will consider international applicants. Of those schools that will accept international applicants, some have particular requirements that must be met by international applicants who are accepted to the school. For example, some schools require that international students provide proof that they are able to meet the cost of four years of medical school and living expenses. As a general rule, no federal financial aid is available for non-U.S. citizens. However, international students may be eligible for merit scholarships or other school specific funding. Some schools with MD/PhD programs have some slots that may be awarded to international students. However, applicants should only pursue MD/PhD programs if they have a genuine interest in research as a primary activity in their future.

POLICIES AT SPECIFIC SCHOOLS UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE It is rare that a non-U.S. citizen will gain acceptance. None have been accepted in the last three years. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE In the last three years, two international students have been accepted from a total of 150 international applicants. Accepted applicants must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visas. Evidence of ability to finance education is considered on an individual basis. International applicants must have exceptional academic records and are eligible for institutional scholarships. UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE No international students are accepted; applicants must be US citizens or hold a Green Card in order to be admitted. UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Noncitizens without permanent residency cards (I-551) are not considered for admission. The permanent residency status must be achieved at the time of acceptance. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens without permanent residency status must provide proof of the availability of sufficient funds for completion of the program. Applicants from Canada are considered as international applicants. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Preference is given to California residents who are either U.S. citizens or permanent residents. Financial aid is available for students with permanent residency status. DAVID GEFFEN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT UCLA Noncitizens without permanent residency (Green Card): these candidates are reviewed in the same way other applicants are. Some education in the US is required. No financial aid is available. Candidates have to show financial means and must meet INS student visa requirements but do not have to establish an escrow account. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Only U.S. citizens and permanent residents are accepted (Canadians are considered international).

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Acceptance of non-U.S. citizens is rare. However, those with a green card are treated like a US citizen. Special evidence of ability to finance their education is required for F-1 visa applicants. No funding is available for them. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE The number of non-U.S. citizens accepted varies. Applicants with a green care are treated like U.S. citizens. Those without a green card must present evidence of their ability to finance the first two years of medical education and must meet the INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa. Limited financial aid is available for these students. KECK SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA International students must have completed at least one year of study in an accredited college or university in the U.S. They must also meet the INS requirements for F-1 or other nonresident visas, and there is no financial aid available if admitted. International students should contact the Financial Aid Office at (323) 442-1016 for specific details regarding tuition payment procedures. Canadian applicants are considered the same as US applicants. STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens may apply to Stanford and 1-5 are accepted each year (out of about 5% of all applicants). Canadian citizens are considered international students and most international students are not URM students. To matriculate at Stanford, students must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visas and must prepay tuition or establish an escrow account for four years of tuition and living expenses (~$200,000). Both commercial and Stanford University loans are available to international students. UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens may apply to the University of Colorado but if they matriculate they will remain “out-of-state” students from the perspective of tuition for all four years. Over the past three years, one student was admitted to the MSTP. UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Only one out of 80 is typically accepted. Although no deposit is required, UConn looks for assurance (such as a statement of understanding) that the student can cover a reasonable portion of his/her expenses. The student must meet INS requirements for an F-1 or other student visa. Financial aid is on an individual basis. YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Canadian students are considered in the same way as US students in the admissions process. On average, approximately five international students matriculate each year, though the number varies and there is no set quota. Although acceptance is on a need-blind basis, students must meet INS requirements once admitted. Yale also requires certification on a year-by-year basis that sufficient funds are available. Financial aid is available to international students. There are no other special considerations for international students.

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES GW has a five-year international MD program designed specifically for international students. International applicants must apply to this specific program and have a foreign sponsor who will pay for their medical education. Detailed information about the international MD program is available on the admissions website. GW enrolls approximately one international student per year from an average of six applications. Canadian citizens are not considered international students but are put in the same category as US citizens. However, Canadians must fill out a financial form that demonstrates their ability to pay for their education. GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE An international applicant is defined as any applicant without citizenship or a green card. Canadians are included in this definition. International students make up less than 1% of the count of minority students. All students are considered regardless of citizenship. In the past three years, approximately a dozen international students have been accepted. Accepted students must provide a notarized letter of support for the living budget for the first academic year (approximately ~$56,000). Students must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa to matriculate. Financial aid is not available. HOWARD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE In the last three years, 10-12% of those accepted have been from this category. Financial aid is not available. The University requires proof of ability to finance the medical education. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE International applicants must have permanent residency to be considered. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE UF will only consider US citizens and permanent residents for admission. Individuals without a green card, as well as Canadians, are considered international students. UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE A noncitizen without permanent residency (green card) is considered an international student and Canadian students are treated according to the same definition. As a matter of policy, no international students are admitted to UMSOM and there are no special considerations. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE The MD program only admits US citizens or permanent residents with a green card. EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Canadian residents are included in the definition of international candidates. In recent years, about 8 out of 150 international candidates have been accepted to each entering class, but there is no limit. International candidates are given the same consideration for acceptance as citizens and

permanent residents. Emory is committed to selecting the most qualified candidates. Accepted applicants must meet INS requirements and provide evidence that they can pay tuition for each of their medical school years. No need-based financial aid is available to international students, but international candidates are eligible for some merit awards. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE All applicants who are U.S. citizens or have permanent resident visas are considered. Non-U.S. citizens on student visas may also be considered, but they will be treated as out-of-state applicants. No international students have been accepted in the last 3 years. No specific evidence of ability to finance medical education is required of international applicants. MERCER UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens without permanent visas are not accepted. MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE MSM admits only US citizens and permanent residents. UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA JOHN A. BURNS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens may apply. Because of the school’s mission, those with ties to the Pacific Rim have the best chance of being accepted. Canadian students are treated as international students. Two non-US citizens have been accepted in the past 3 years. There is very limited financial aid available. Noncitizens must meet INS requirements for student visa and must show adequate financial support. For further information, applicants should contact International Student Services ((808) 956-8613; www.hawaii.edu/issmanoa). UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRITZKER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE In the last three years, approximately ten have been accepted out of 600 applicants. When international applicants are accepted, they are provided information outlining the requirements of the plan they must present for meeting their financial obligations. Only limited funds are available for the financial assistance of international students. ROSALIND FRANKIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND SCIENCE/CHICAGO MEDICAL SCHOOL Approximately 30 students have been accepted in the last three years, the majority from Canada, comprising about 2% of each entering class. Financial aid is not available for noncitizens, and they must provide supporting documentation confirming that they are able to finance their education. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Students applying to UIC must be US citizens, have a green card or be asylum seeking.

LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO STRITCH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Matriculation is open to US citizens or permanent residents only, except that Canadian citizens are treated as US students. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FEINBERG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE For the last few years, about 3-4 non-U.S. citizens without permanent residency have been admitted from a pool of about 500 applicants per year. It may be possible for international students to take out a loan for the cost of tuition only, if the student has a US cosigner, who must sign and provide creditworthiness. Students should note that they must have at least three years of course work in US or Canadian colleges or universities to be considered for admission. RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE OF RUSH UNIVERSITY Noncitizens without permanent residency are not accepted. However, permanent residents are evaluated in the same way as US citizens. SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Non-U.S. citizens without green cards are not accepted. INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Non-U.S. citizens with a permanent resident visa are given the same consideration as U.S. citizens, and students without a permanent resident visa are occasionally admitted. Approximately six students were offered admission during the last four years out of approximately 150 applications. These students are not included as minority students. Applicants must meet federal and university requirements for an F-1 or other student visa. Most noncitizens accepted have strong ties to the state of Indiana. International students must demonstrate ability to meet the financial obligations, since no financial aid is available for them. UNIVERSITY OF IOWA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Non-U.S. citizens with temporary visas are not admitted. Permanent residents are accepted on the same basis as U.S. citizens; such residents must have the green card in hand. UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Admissions to KU is open to U. S. citizens or permanent residents only. UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE International students are defined as noncitizens without permanent residency (Green Card). Canadian students fit this description. Approximately 65% of the UKCOM international student population is included in the minority student count. Over the last three years, 10 students without permanent residency status have been accepted. They must establish an escrow account with enough funds to cover tuition costs and living expenses for one year and provide a financial plan for the other three years. No financial aid is available for them. They must meet INS requirements for F-1 student visa and have ties to Kentucky.

UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE ULSM normally does not admit international students. Only one student has been accepted who was a noncitizen without permanent residency within the past three years. Accepted candidates must meet INS requirements and prepay tuition or establish an escrow account for one year of tuition. LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN NEW ORLEANS Permanent residents are treated like U.S. citizens. Nonresidents are not eligible for admission. LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN SHREVEPORT Noncitizens without permanent residency are not eligible to apply. TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Permanent residents are treated just as US citizens. Non-US citizens are eligible for acceptance, but preference is given to US citizens and permanent residents. THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens without Permanent Residency status are considered to be international students, including citizens of Canada. None of the Hopkins international student population is included in its count of minority students. International applicants are considered on the same basis for admission as US citizens; however, if admitted they are not eligible for financial assistance. They must place four years of total cost (tuition and living expenses) into an escrow account prior to matriculating. The total number of international applicants over the past three years is not available, but 8-10 have been admitted. If an international student has studied exclusively outside the US s/he is required to have an additional year of study in the US. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Only US and Canadian citizens and noncitizens with permanent residency are admitted. No international students are accepted, and should not apply. Canadian citizens are required to show evidence of ability to finance all four years of medical school. UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, F. EDWARD HEBERT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE USUHS requires that applicants be US citizens. BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Applications from international students are welcome. All applicants are required to have a completed a minimum of two years of undergraduate education and receive a degree from a US or Canadian institution of higher education. All prerequisites must have been completed in an accredited US or Canadian institution. Only applicants and accepted students with US citizenship or permanent resident status are included in counts of minorities. In most years, BUSM receives several hundred applications from international students and 0-3 are included in the entering

class. Any accepted student who is neither a US citizen nor a permanent resident, is required to place sufficient funds in escrow to cover the course of tuition for the first year. HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL Foreign students should take the required courses at a respected U.S. institution. Approximately 5-6 foreign students are accepted each year, almost all of whom have a U. S. baccalaureate or advanced degree. They must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa. Proof of ability to pay is required by Federal INS and the University; the Medical School's view is more clement than most. Financial aid is limited to institutional, not federal programs. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL Only permanent residents who meet state residency requirements may apply to the MD program. Permanent residents who do not meet state residency requirements may apply to the MD/PhD program. TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Tufts has matriculated fewer than twelve who are noncitizens without permanent residency within the past three years. Accepted candidates must meet INS requirements and prepay tuition or establish an escrow account for one year of tuition. No financial aid is available for these noncitizens. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HUMAN MEDICINE Noncitizens with the exception of Canadians, without permanent residency are not encouraged to apply. MSUCHM has accepted only 4 Canadian applicants from about 290 noncitizen applications in the last three years. Noncitizens from Canada must provide proof of financial ability to meet expenses before a student visa is issued. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL No applicants are admitted without permanent residency status. Canadian students are considered international students. WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE With the exception of an occasional Canadian, noncitizens are not accepted. Canadian citizens must obtain an I-20 visa and are responsible for obtaining their own financial aid. There were approximately 400 international applicants for the 2004 entering class. MAYO MEDICAL SCHOOL Only applicants with permanent visas are considered. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA-DULUTH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Only students who fit specific residency requirements can be accepted. The only non-U.S. citizens considered are those from Manitoba.

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL-MINNEAPOLIS In the last three years, three applicants per year without permanent residency have matriculated from approximately 82 applicants per year. Evidence of the ability to finance a medical education is required in writing, but an escrow account is not required. There is no financial aid available through the school, but there are lenders who will accept international student loan applications with a creditworthy citizen cosigner. Evidence of facility on the English language is required. UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Must be US citizens or permanent resident (green card) and legal resident of Mississippi to apply. International students are not admitted. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Only noncitizens who are permanent residents are considered, and they are treated just like US citizens. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-KANSAS CITY Only US citizens and permanent residents are eligible to apply. SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens will be considered for acceptance. International students must complete two years of science work in a North American college or university and, if accepted, must contribute to the University's escrow account for the four years of tuition prior to matriculation. Three international students have matriculated in the past three years. None of them are counted as minority students. There is no financial aid available for international students. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE WUSTL enrolls a small number of noncitizen applicants each year. Anyone who is not a citizen of the US is considered an international student. Most Canadians are also considered international (depending on their visas). Noncitizens must place an amount equal to four years’ cost of education into escrow prior to matriculation. Noncitizen students are eligible for MSTP institutional funding and merit-based financial aid. CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE A limited numbers of applicants (six in last three years) in this classification are accepted; typically, they have attended Creighton. Creighton has a policy of requiring students to document that they have tuition and living expenses equal to four years at Creighton in an escrow account. UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE To be eligible for admission, foreign nationals must have a permanent resident visa.

UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Such applicants are not considered. DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL Dartmouth considers applications without regard to citizenship or visa status. As long as an applicant completes the admission requirements, including three years of postsecondary study at a US or Canadian college or university, he or she is eligible to apply for admission, regardless of nation of citizenship, visa status, or state residency. DMS enrolls a small number of international candidates every year. International applicants are required to show deposited funds sufficient to cover expenses for the first year. There is limited financial aid available. UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY--NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL Noncitizens must have a green card prior to acceptance. Financial aid is available for permanent residents. No requirement of evidence of ability to finance their education is in effect for them. No international students, including Canadian citizens, are accepted. No international students are included in NJMS’s count of minority students. UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY--ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL Foreign nationals without Green Cards are not eligible for acceptance. UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE An international student would be considered if s/he were a NM resident and could show evidence of applying for or having a permanent residency status. ALBANY MEDICAL COLLEGE Applications from noncitizens are welcome, but only exceptional candidates are likely to be favorably reviewed. International applicants should understand fully the implications of securing a US residency. Typically 2-3 students in each entering class have been nonresident aliens, including Canadians. International candidates must provide proof of the ability to meet tuition costs or pay one year’s tuition in advance. Most sources of federal and state aid are unavailable to noncitizens. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE OF YESHIVA UNIVERSITY There have been 12 noncitizen/nonpermanent residents accepted in the past three years, from about 150 applications. Canadian citizens are treated as international students financially, and as US citizens educationally. Students who have earned baccalaureate degrees outside the US or Canada are required to complete at least one year of formal coursework in the sciences (about 30 credit hours) in an accredited American college or university prior to application to the College of Medicine. It is recommended that such students take courses in English if is not the student’s first language. Accepted international students must deposit with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, not later than July 15 of the year of matriculation, funds to cover estimated tuition for the first two years of medical school, or forfeit their place in the class. International students are

not classified as minority students. There is very minimal financial aid available. Students may obtain up to a maximum of $2500 per academic year from the Einstein College Scholarship Fund and up to a maximum of $5500 per academic year from the Einstein College Loan Fund. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS There is no count of the number of international students who apply each year, but approximately 4 international applicants enroll each year. They must put one year’s tuition in to escrow. They may apply for Columbia financial aid. JOAN AND STANFORD I. WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY Weill/Cornell uses this definition of international students. There is no international student financial aid. Non-Canadian international students must deposit four years of tuition into escrow before they are allowed to matriculate. When reporting minority student statistics, international students are not counted. There is no specific policy about admitting international students. In the past three years, about twelve international students have been accepted, though the actual number who have applied is unknown. MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Applicants who are not citizens (including Canadian students) must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa. International applicants are treated the same as other applicants. Approximately seven non-citizens have matriculated over the last four years. No international students are counted as minorities. They must prepay tuition or establish an escrow account for four years of tuition. No financial aid is available for noncitizens. NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Two or three students without green cards have been accepted each of the last few years. Students must meet INS requirements and prepay tuition for four years. Financial aid is not available. NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NYU discourages this category of students from applying since they are not eligible for any government loans and can only stay in the U. S. if they meet all the INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa. No financial aid and/or special consideration is given to these students. In the past, no more than one or two noncitizens without permanent residency have been admitted, and these students generally have outstanding credentials and research and work experience. UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY Only citizens or permanent residents of the United States are eligible to apply for admission. If the international applicant is a graduate of the University of Rochester undergraduate college, s/he may apply but must have two years of tuition in escrow. SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Noncitizens without green cards are treated as out-of-state applicants, and are reviewed after the applications of all US citizens and all permanent residents have been reviewed. None have been

accepted in the past nine years. No prepayment of tuition is required, but applicants must provide documentation of financial resources to fund educational expenses for all four years. Financial aid is only available for US citizens or permanent residents. SUNY AT BUFFALO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Such candidates are not eligible. STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Enrolled students must be citizens or permanent residents. SUNY UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Permanent residents are treated like US citizens. Other noncitizens must have exceptionally strong credentials to be considered, must meet INS requirements, and must establish an escrow account for four years of tuition. An average of 1 to 2 noncitizens are enrolled at Upstate. Financial aid is not available. DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Duke does not require U. S. citizenship and about 3 international applicants are accepted each year. Canadian citizens are included as international students. Financial aid is not available for international students. Once accepted, an international applicant must show certified evidence of ability to finance the entire four years of medical school. THE BRODY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY Noncitizens must be NC residents and be applying for a green card to be considered. At most, 1-2 per year have been accepted. UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Only citizens and permanent residents are considered. WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens may be accepted if their undergraduate/graduate degrees are from US or Canadian institutions. They must have a current visa with INS. Canadian students without green cards are considered international applicants. 75% of our international students are included in the minority student count. In the last three years, twelve of 600 international students were matriculated into WFUSM. International students must be able to finance their education in its entirety, since no financial aid is available to them. Applicants must complete the Foreign Student Financial Form. UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES None are considered.

CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Case has matriculated six to nine international students within the past three years. Candidates must have completed their premedical work at a US or Canadian four-year college or university. They must meet INS requirements, prepay tuition for one year in advance, and demonstrate the ability to support their personal needs for one year. Financial aid is not available. UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE The application of a noncitizen will not be considered complete until a copy of his/her permanent residency card has been received. Those without permanent residency will not be considered. Applicants must have completed a minimum of 90 semester hours at a US accredited, four year, degree-granting institution of higher education. Those who have attended an undergraduate college outside of the United States should have a graduate degree or a minimum of 20 semester hours of science coursework from a US college or university. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF OHIO They are not eligible for acceptance. NORTHEASTERN OHIO UNIVERSITIES COLLEGE OF MEDICINE NEOUCOM does not accept international students. Only US citizens or permanent residents should apply. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH Ohio State has matriculated only eight students who are noncitizens without permanent residency within the last three years. The College of Medicine no longer accepts applications from international students. WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE WSU does not accept international students. Canadian students also do not qualify for admission. In order qualify for admission, applicants must be US citizens, permanent residents or posses an I-94 for from the Department of Homeland Security showing asylum status UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Applicants must be U.S. citizens or hold a permanent visa (green card). International students without a permanent visa are not accepted. OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE To receive consideration an applicant must have United States citizenship or resident alien status with a current green card. Canadian students are considered international students. JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY Approximately 2 or 3 non-U.S. citizens are accepted each year. Both residents and nonresidents may apply, but nonresidents must file an I-20 form.

DREXEL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE No applications are accepted from individuals without permanent residency status or US citizenship. Exceptions are not made for Canadian citizens. PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Canadian students would be considered regular applicants. Probably 10-20% of underrepresented minority students are international students. International students are considered in the admissions process. During the past three years, approximately six students per year were matriculated. Since there is no financial aid available for international students, they must document that they can pay for all four years of medical school before they are offered an acceptance. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Penn has taken approximately 2-3 per year who have proof of financial resources for four years. No financial aid is available unless they qualify for one of the limited number of merit scholarships. THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Permanent residents with a full year of university-level schooling in the U.S. may apply for admission. Canadian students are considered in the international student pool. TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Temple will not consider applicants who are not US citizens or permanent residents. These students [international students] are not sent secondary applications. UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL CARIBE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Non-U.S. citizens are eligible for admission but must meet INS requirements for students with F-1 visas (prepay first semester tuition). They have to present an affidavit that supports their ability to finance their education. Two students (5%) have been admitted in the last three years. PONCE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE In the last four years, PMS has admitted only two nonresidents from a small pool of applicants. There is no policy specific to admission of foreign students. There are no special considerations for nonresidents, and they do not have to provide evidence of ability to finance their education. UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Foreign national applicants with an established legal residence in Puerto Rico will be considered if, at the time of application, they are either US citizens or have been granted a permanent visa in the United States.

BROWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE In the last three years, two noncitizens without permanent residency were accepted. Such applicants must meet INS requirements and generally are expected to establish an escrow account for four years of medical school tuition. Funding is available to foreign students in the PhD years. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Noncitizens, including Canadians, without permanent residency are not accepted. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE South Carolina only accepts applications from permanent residents or US citizens. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE None are accepted. EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY JAMES H. QUILLEN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE QCOM will consider applications from applicants with US citizenship, permanent US residency visas, and Canadian citizenship. MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Canadian students are considered as international students. Meharry uses the definition, noncitizens without permanent residency (green card), for international students. International students are not included in the count of minority students. In the last three years, 10 out of 200 international applicants have been accepted to Meharry Medical School. All non-US citizens must meet INS requirements for F-1 Visa. Financial aid is not available for non-US residents. UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER COLLEGE OF MEDICINE The U of Tennessee COM does not accept non-US citizens without permanent residency. VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Vanderbilt does not have a policy on admitting international students. Of the 156 international applicants each year, VUSM admits about four students. These students have not been included in VUSM’s count of minority students. International students must show that they are able to finance all four years of medical school. There are some Vanderbilt institutional monies for which internationals students may apply. Federal loan money is not an option. BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Foreign students are considered for admission, but only 1 or 2 are generally accepted. There is no financial aid available for these students.

TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER COLLEGE OF MEDICINE The College of Medicine’s definition of an international student is noncitizens without permanent residency (green card). This includes Canadians. International students account for less than 2% (1/80) of our minority student count. There is an institutional policy on admitting internationals students. Over the past three years, five students from among approximately 100 applicants have been admitted. International students are required to present an I-20 immigration form. Only institutional scholarships are available to these students. Additionally, international students must have 90 credit hours from an accredited US institution. TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Noncitizens are rarely considered, however there have been 2 in the past 3 years. To be eligible for consideration, noncitizens must have at least three years of study (90 semester hours) in a US or Canadian-accredited college or university, and all prerequisite courses must be taken at a US or Canadian school. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER AT DALLAS, SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL SCHOOL Over the past three years, foreign students were accepted from 58 applications. Students must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa. No financial aid is available. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL AT GALVESTON Foreign applicants will be considered as long as they have completed at least 90 hours (including prerequisites) at an accredited US school. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL AT HOUSTON Noncitizens without a permanent visa are not Texas residents. It is possible that noncitizens who are permanent residents can qualify as state residents. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL AT SAN ANTONIO Noncitizens without a green card are not interviewed. UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Applications are available for US citizens or permanent residents only. Information concerning international admissions can be obtained by visiting www.sa.utah.edu/inter or calling (801) 581-3091. UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE There is no fixed number for noncitizens. Both permanent residents and nonresidents with student visas are acceptable. The latter must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa. There are no special restrictions such as requiring prepaid tuition. In the past three years, a few noncitizens have been accepted.

EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL Foreign nationals may be considered for admission to EVMS as permitted under the immigration laws of the United States of America but must have completed 100 semester hours from an accredited American or Canadian college or university. Approximately 1-2 international students have been accepted in the last three years. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE International students are not accepted without a degree from the U.S. Canadian citizens have been accepted--three in the last three years. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Permanent residents are treated like U.S. citizens in the admissions process. Applicants who are not US citizens or permanent residents are eligible to apply provided they have completed at least 90 semester hours of course work in a US or Canadian college or university. None have been admitted in the past three years. International students must meet INS requirements and provide documentation of their ability to pay for their medical education. There is no financial aid available for international students. UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Foreign applicants must have permanent resident status. No student who was not holding a green card has been accepted in the past six years. JOAN C. EDWARDS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MARSHALL UNIVERSITY Only noncitizens who hold a green card will be considered for admission into the first year class. WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Only noncitizens who graduated from a West Virginia college will be considered for admission. Such applicants will be fully responsible for financing their entire medical education, as no university, state, or federal funds are available. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN International applicants, including Canadians, are held to the same eligibility standards and academic criteria that are in place for nonresident applicants. In the past three years, MCW has admitted 6 of 20 interviewed international applicants. Before an international candidate is accepted, s/he must demonstrate Financial Certification showing ability to pay for their entire medical education without financial aid. There is no financial aid available for international students. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MEDICAL SCHOOL Noncitizens are not considered in the admissions process nor are they eligible for financial aid unless they have achieved permanent resident visa status. No noncitizens have been admitted in the last three years.

OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL SCHOOLS ARIZONA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE OF MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITY The major obstacle for international students to attend AZCOM is financial. International applicants must prove their ability to pay for their medical education and no financial aid is available for these students. All prerequisite courses completed at a foreign institution (except for Canada) must be evaluated by an international evaluation service. In the past three years, six international students have matriculated out of about 50 applicants. WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE OF THE PACIFIC Students who are noncitizens without permanent residency have been accepted. They must provide a letter from a financial institution stating that they have the ability to pay tuition and related costs. No federal financial aid is available; private aid may be available. TOURO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE TUCOM only considers candidates who are US citizens or permanent residents. LAKE ERIE COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE (LECOM) – BRADENTON LECOM only considers US citizens and permanent residents for admissions to the medical program. The current policy includes Canadian students. NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY HEALTH PROFESSIONS DIVISION COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE/NSU Noncitizens must meet INS requirements for F-1 or other student visa, and there is no financial aid available. PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE – ATLANTA CAMPUS An international student is one without permanent residency. Since DO rights are limited outside the US, PCOM-Atlanta does not recruit international students. Applicants with green cards are treated as US citizens. For others, financial aid is not available. Acceptance will not be offered unless a student meets INS requirements and gives proof of ability to pay tuition for 4 years. CHICAGO COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE OF MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITY Canadian students are considered international. Over the last three years, CCOM has accepted seven students from an applicant pool of fifteen. They must present documentation of an escrow account in the US to cover expenses for all for years of medical training. There is no financial aid available, nor are other special considerations provided. DES MOINES UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE Noncitizens on F-1 status are acceptable if they can provide evidence of financial responsibility. This can take the form of a letter from a sponsor agreeing to be financially responsible. Financial

aid is not available for F-1 students, and so costs can be prohibitive. Very few such students are accepted each year from a pool of 10-15 applicants. Permanent residents with a green card have the same status in the admissions process as US citizens. PIKEVILLE COLLEGE SCHOOL OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE PCSOM normally does not admit international students. Only two students have been accepted who were non-citizens without permanent residency within the past eight years from a pool of approximately 50 each year. Accepted candidates must meet INS requirements and prepay tuition or establish an escrow account for one year of tuition. No financial aid is available. UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE US citizens and permanent residents are treated equally for admission. International students are accepted provided they have documented means to finance their education. Canadian applicants are regarded as international students. No international students are included in UNECOM’s count of minority students. Approximately one international student is admitted per year. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE An international student is defined as a person holding a non-immigration visa. This definition applies to Canadian students. One student without a green card has been accepted in the last three years. The University requires two years’ tuition in advance, and no financial aid is available. KANSAS CITY UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND BIOSCIENCES Any student who is not a US citizen is considered an International student. Less than 5% of the international students are included in the count of minority students. International students must meet the same admissions requirements as other applicants. Over the past three years they have accepted 9 international students out of 18 applicants. All international students need to document ability to finance their education since there is no financial aid available for them and there are no special considerations. KIRKSVILLE COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE/A.T. STILL UNIVERSITY Legal US residents are considered. Students with a green card are treated like US citizens. Those without green cards must provide financial documentation of their ability to pay tuition. This documentation must be renewed. KCOM admits approximately 1-3 non-citizen students per year. TOURO UNIVERSITY NEVADA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE Only US citizens and holders of Permanent Residency Status are considered for admission. International students with green cards are considered by the same criteria as that of US citizens. There is no policy in place yet for requiring evidence of the applicant’s ability to finance his/her education. UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY SCHOOL OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE To be eligible for admission, students must be US citizens or permanent residents.

NEW YORK COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE OF THE NEW YORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NYCOM accepts only US citizens and noncitizen permanent residents (with a green card). OHIO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE Only citizens or permanent residents are accepted. There is no financial aid available to noncitizens. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE Noncitizens without permanent residency (green card) are non-admissible. LAKE ERIE COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE LECOM only considers permanent residents for admission to the medical program. PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE Since practice rights are limited for DO’s outside the US, PCOM takes very few international students. Most have been from Canadian provinces with unlimited practice rights. Applicants with Green Cards are treated as US citizens. For others, financial aid is not available. Acceptance will not be offered unless a student meets INS requirements and gives proof of ability to pay tuition for four years. TEXAS COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER Applicants who have the requisite visa must also complete at least ninety hours of coursework in the United States at an accredited school or college or at an accredited Canadian school or college. EDWARD VIA VIRGINIA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE All noncitizens are treated as international students. Only two out of fifty students in this category have been accepted in the past two years. The student must provide verifiable proof of financial solvency and no financial aid is available to these students. WESTERN VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE Permanent residents are treated as US citizens. Nonresidents are not eligible to apply. CANADIAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA FACULTY OF MEDICINE At this time, there are no foreign applicant positions available.

UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY FACULTY OF MEDICINE There are no individual foreign applicant positions available. There are 10 sponsored positions in the current first-year class for students from Malaysia and a variable number for students from Brunei and Saudi Arabia, depending on the contract. These students may not do a Canadian residency. UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA FACULTY OF MEDICINE The Faculty of Medicine welcomes applications fro qualified individuals who: 1) are permanent residents of Canada, either as Canadian citizens, permanent residents, or WHO refugees, 2) meet the eligibility criteria, and 3) believe they would be competitive on the selection criteria. Approximately one non-Canadian citizen has been accepted in the last three years, and that person had WHO refugee status. There is no financial aid for this group of students. UBC does not admit international students. UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF MEDICINE There are no individual foreign applicant positions available. Two positions are provided by contract for students from Malaysia. MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND FACULTY OF MEDICINE In the past three years, Memorial accepted 9 non-Canadians from about 100 applicants. Memorial does not require evidence of ability to finance education; however, Canadian Immigration may. No financial aid is available. These students pay a different fee, approximately $30,000 Canadian. Students are informed that they will go into the residency match as non-Canadian citizens. DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE Applicants who are residents of Canada but not Canadian citizens or landed immigrants, and international applicants must apply in the non-Maritime pool. No US citizens have been accepted in the last few years, and such students must provide their own finances. MCMASTER UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL PROGRAMME SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Information can be obtained on their website www-fhs.mcmaster.ca/mdprog UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA FACULTY OF MEDICINE Non-Canadian citizens are not admissible, except that alumni children are considered to be Canadian citizens. A Canadian permanent resident is considered to be a citizen for purposes of the application, but proof of permanent resident status must accompany the application at the time it is submitted. QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE Queen's considers applications only from Canadian citizens, Canadian permanent residents (landed immigrants) who have achieved their status prior to February 1 of the year in which they

are applying, or children of Queen's University alumni who are residents outside of Canada. The latter group is treated as Canadian citizens. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF MEDICINE About 5% each year are non-Canadians or permanent residents. The number of American students admitted yearly ranges from 0-4. UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY HEALTH SCIENCES ADDITION Information can be found at their website www.uwo.ca/grad. UNIVERSITE LAVAL FACULTY OF MEDICINE Information can be found at their website www.med.umontreal.ca. MCGILL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE Although there are four subgroups of applicants for admission to McGill, this report contains information only about the three in which there may be students who have taken their undergraduate training in U. S. institutions. The three subgroups are: U. S. and other foreign students, Canadian citizens or landed immigrants who are residents of a province other than Quebec, and Canadian citizens or landed immigrants who are residents of Quebec. The following table contains information about the selection of applicants from these three groups. Group Applicants Places Interviews Acceptances U.S./Foreign 125 12-15 41 19 Can./non-Quebec 300 5-7 44 23 Quebec 250 83 108 99 Although the above data might suggest that geography is important, with residents of Quebec and US/foreign applicants accepted at a much higher rate than Canadians from other provinces, this could also reflect other competitive factors. A foreign (non-US) student must supplement his/her application with a letter issued by a responsible authority from the home country indicating that the medical degree awarded by the McGill University Faculty of Medicine will enable the applicant to be granted a license to practice medicine in the home country. The Quebec government requires that all students who are non-Quebec residents must agree in writing at the time of registration that, if upon completion of the four-year curriculum and postgraduate training they remain in the Province, they will practice for a defined period of time in one of the areas designated as medically underserved. It should be noted that this requirement does not interfere in any way with the right to study medicine in Quebec or, following graduation, to take postgraduate training in Quebec. UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Information can be found at their website www.med.umontreal.ca

UNIVERSITY OF SHERBROOKE FACULTY OF MEDICINE Two non-Canadians may be accepted, but, of course, they must be fluent in French. UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Non-Canadian citizens (excluding landed immigrants) are not admissible. January 30, 2007