MilitarismNationalismImperialism

Militarism…Militarism…

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]

in millions of £s.in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

ImperialismImperialism

NationalismNationalism

Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::

VS.VS.

Great Britain

Russia

France

Germany

Austria-Hungary

OttomanEmpire

Italy Bulgaria

Review!What events led up to the U.S. entering WWI?

Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::

VS.VS.

Great Britain

Italy

Russia

France

Germany

Austria-Hungary

OttomanEmpire

USABulgaria

1. War Industries Board Oversaw production in factories/on farms (weapons, food, uniforms)

a. Production inc 20%b. Unemployment disappears

2. Ration (limit) amount of food/fuel per person

a. Prohibition: 18th Amendment: alcohol made illegal because grain needed to feed soldiers

Economic Impact

3. Mass production: factories need to become more efficient to produce for the war

• Gov’t involves itself MORE with production, monitored how crops were transported on trains, encourage farmers to produce more, set prices

• Free enterprise was reduced to meet needs

• Industries forced to change what they made to provide for soldiers (dress makers > uniforms)

Economic Impact

Women’s Roles Change: Men away at war, women enter the workforce•Worked on railroads, in factories, telegraph operations, and other jobs typically done by men•Showing American society their economic and political worth transforms the social landscape…

Social Impact

1. New Job opportunitiesa. Great Migration -

500,000 African Americans move North

b. 13,000 women join the Navy

2. Racial tensions prevaila. Army remains

segregated

Social Impact

African-Americans on a African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for Troop Ship Headed for

FranceFrance

African-Americans on a African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for Troop Ship Headed for

FranceFrance

General John J. Pershing

“We must not eat with them, must not shake hands with

them, seek to talk to them or to meet with them outside

the requirements of military service. We must not

commend too highly these troops, especially in front of

white Americans”

1. New Job opportunitiesa. Great Migration - 500,000

African Americans move North

b. 13,000 women join the Navy

2. Racial tensions prevaila. Army remains segregated

b. Red Summer - violent race riots in 26 cities

i. End of war job competition

Social Impact

Ghastly Deeds of Race Rioters Told: The Chicago Defender Reports the Chicago Race Riot, 1919

“An unidentified man, young woman and a 3 month old baby were found dead on the street at the intersection of 47th street and Wentworth avenue. She had attempted to board a car there when the mob seized her, beat her, slashed her body into ribbons and beat the Baby’s brains out against a telegraph pole. Not satisfied with this, one rioter severed her breasts and a white youngster bore it aloft on pole, triumphantly, while the crowd hooted gleefully. All the time this was happening, several policemen were in the crowd, but did not make any attempt to make rescue until too late.”

1. Sedition Act: illegal to say anything negative about the gov, constitution, army, or navy

2. Espionage Act: illegal to interfere with foreign relations

3. Selective Service Act authorized the federal government to raise a national army through mandatory enlistment

(DRAFT!)

Political Impact

Eugene V. Debs

1. Eugene V Debs = American union leader

a. founder of Industrial Workers of the World (socialist labor union)

b. arrested for anti-war speech

c. Outspoken Socialist (leftist): social ownership and democratic control of the means of production; production is for NEED, not profit. (communism is extreme form of socialism)

• Red Scare

Eugene V. Debs

Those who produce should have, but we know that those who produce the most – that is,

those who work the hardest, and at the most difficult and most menial task, have the least

“To hell with war, to hell with all who crave it. When

masters rule the world no more, we’ll needs no wars to

save it.”

3. 19th Amendment = women’s suffrage

a. Carrie Chapman Catt = President of National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

b. Alice Paul = President of National Women’s Party (NWP)

Political Impact