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1918-1932
• Japan came out of WWI with a strong economy.
• They began making democratic reforms• Hit hard by the Depression• Military Dictatorship takes over
Japanese Goals of the 1930s
• Revive economy hit by the Depression• Lead economic modernization in Asia- hoping
to one day rival Europe and the United States.• Free Asia from western colonial influences.• Set up “East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”• Dominate Asia economically and militarily.
Aggression in Manchuria
• September, 1931- needing resources, the Japanese invade Manchuria, northern China.
• China protests to the League of Nations
Aggression in Manchuria
• League and United States condemned Japanese action in China, but took no further action
• Japan withdrew from the League in 1933• Japanese minister says that the League is
being mean and that’s why they left.
Tensions Rise in China
• By 1937, Japanese forces overran much of the northern part of China
• Manchuoko created• Rape of Nanking– murdering over 300,000
civilians and soldiers in a few months
WWII in Asia
• Berlin, 1940– Japan joins alliance with Germany and Italy
• Looked to European colonies in Southeast Asia for resources
• FDR threatened to cut off supplies of scrap metal, rubber, and oil
Review: Events Leading to Pearl Harbor
• Japan foresaw the US cutting off supplies and also declaring war.
• To pre-empt that, the Japanese planned a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor to eliminate the American presence in the Pacific
Failure of the Co-Prosperity Sphere
• The original idea was a system that benefited both Japan and the occupied territories– “Asia for Asians”
• Instead, Japanese imperial troops replaced the European troops
• Instead of sharing resources, the resources were diverted to the Japanese war effort.
• This caused food shortages and famine.