Milestones for Justice Information Sharing

NGA Information Sharing Workshop

January 8 - 9, 2004

Dale Good

SEARCH

The Goal of Integrated Justice

Provide complete, accurate, and timely information to justice system decision-makers, when, where, and how they need it

Identity

Location

Legal status

Background

Policy information

FELONYCONVICTION RECORD

Crim Sex Conduct 1 12/98Assault with Weapon 3/96Burglary Occupied 6/94

Jon Lee Beasley12/8/52

WARRANTSDakota County Felony 1/1/99

Hennepin County Misdemeanor 2/5/99Carver County Gross Msdr 5/5/99

WEAPONS

PROHIBITED

MISDEMEANORSDomestic Assault 3/3/97Assault 2/15/94DWI 7/4/93DWI 9/15/92

PROBATIONHennepin

ScottDakotaDomestic Restraining Orders: Y

PRE-TRIALRELEASERamsey 11/99Hennepin 6/99

Dakota 5/99

JUVENILEFELONYRECORD

YES

NAME:DOB:

SEXOFFENDER:

YES

FELONYCONVICTION RECORD

Crim Sex Conduct 1 12/98Assault with Weapon 3/96Burglary Occupied 6/94

Jon Lee Beasley12/8/52

WARRANTSDakota County Felony 1/1/99

Hennepin County Misdemeanor 2/5/99Carver County Gross Msdr 5/5/99

WEAPONS

PROHIBITED

MISDEMEANORSDomestic Assault 3/3/97Assault 2/15/94DWI 7/4/93DWI 9/15/92

PROBATIONHennepin

ScottDakotaDomestic Restraining Orders: Y

PRE-TRIALRELEASERamsey 11/99Hennepin 6/99

Dakota 5/99

JUVENILEFELONYRECORD

YES

NAME:DOB:

SEXOFFENDER:

YES

The Problem of Time and Space

The Problem of Time and Space

Our justice system was designed in a time when people and information could move no faster than the speed of a horse

The volume and complexity of the work were much lower

A county-based justice system was good enough

“…A critical fact in the world of 1801 was that nothing moved faster than the speed of a horse. No human being, no

manufactured item, no bushel of wheat, no side of beef (or any beef on the hoof, for that matter), no letter, no information, no idea,

order, or instruction of any kind moved faster. Nothing ever had moved any faster, and, as far as Jefferson’s contemporaries were

able to tell, nothing ever would.”“But only sixty years later, when Abraham Lincoln took the

Oath of Office as the sixteenth president of the United States, Americans could move bulky items in great quantity farther in an hour than Americans of 1801 could do in a day, whether by land

(twenty-five miles per hour on railroads) or water (ten miles an hour upstream on a steamboat). This great leap forward in

transportation—a factor of twenty or more—in so short a space of time must be reckoned and the greatest and most unexpected

revolution of all—except for another technological revolution, the transmitting of information. In Jefferson’s day, it took six weeks to move information from the Mississippi River to Washington, D.C. In Lincoln’s, information moved over the same route by telegraph

all but instantaneously.”(Stephen E. Ambrose, Undaunted Courage, pp. 52, 54)

Brady Survey 2001

10.6% criminal history records not automated

32.7% fingerprint not linked to disposition

43.3% felony information missing (some because cases are still pending)

Brady Survey 2001

Arrest data to repository 1 to 85 days (12 days average, 7 days median)

Entry of arrest data 0 to 180 days (19 days average, 6 days median)

Arrest data available 2 to 186 days (28 days average, 17 days median)

Brady Survey 2001

Court dispositions to repository 0 to 80 days (18 days average, 14 days median)

Entry of disposition data 1 to 330 days (30 days average, 5 days median)

Disposition data available 2 to 345 days (44 days average, 20 days median)

Brady Survey 2001

Corrections admissions 1 to 60 days (13 days average, 3 days median)

Entry of admissions 0 to 90 days (15 days average, 3 days median)

Admission data available 1 to 90 days (26 days average, 17 days median)

Brady Survey 2001

Corrections releases 1 to 38 days (16 days average, 10 days median)

Entry of releases 0 to 90 days (15 days average, 3 days median)

Release data available 2 to 90 days (30 days average, 23 days median)

Conclusions

Criminal activity is no longer confined to a single county or state

Criminals today can move much faster than the speed of a horse, while information moves much slower than the speed of a horse

Information is needed nationwide, not just countywide or statewide

Paper cannot move information far enough or fast enough to meet justice system needs

Conclusions

Justice system officials do not have the information they need to make informed decisions

Justice and public safety is an information dependent enterprise that operates (at a cost of billions $$) with little or no information!!!

The information that we do have often does not arrive in time to make a difference

Consequences?

Treat career criminals as first-time offenders

Release people who should not be released

Sell handguns to people who are barred from purchasing handguns

Inappropriate charging, plea agreement, disposition, sentencing, classification, treatment, placement, and other decisions

Private-sector Comparisons

$1,000,000,000 per day

6,000,000 flights per year

600,000,000 passengers annually

2,000 offenders?

The Problem of Structure

The Problem of Structure

Over 55,000 criminal justice organizations

Almost 100,000 justice-related organizations in 3,128 counties

Each makes independent decisions about work processes and data structure

Every time we move information between two of these organizations, it is like lifting the train body off the wheel sets

The Problem of Structure

Independent organizationsConstitution

Political

Organization

Budget

Interdependent organizationsOperations

The Problem of Structure

Separation of powersExecutive branch

Legislative branch

Judicial branch

Vertical independenceFederal government

State government

County government

Municipal government

The Problem of Structure

Horizontal independenceState-to-state

County-to-county

City-to-city

Organizational independenceMulti-tiered court systems

Multi-level prosecution

Overlapping law enforcement jurisdiction

The Problem of Structure

Justice discipline independenceLaw enforcement

Prosecution

Defense

Courts

Corrections

Etc.

Consequences?

Decisions about business processes and information are made independently in silos

Decisions made in one justice organization often hurt other organizations

There is no enterprise strategy for delivering information to justice system officials

Automation may improve internal efficiency while impeding the overall performance of the justice system

AKAKerry Dean GellerKeith Allen BrummerBob StevensonRobert Mark GellerJames HeidelbergRichard Lee OlsonBob GellerRobert James StevensonEric Allen Johnson Alias Dates of Birth:03/29/55, 05/11/58, 01/24/61,05/05/55, 04/29/55, 03/27/48,

04/24/54

Kerry Dean StevensonDate of Birth: 04/29/58

Year Convicted of: County Status: Crt file #

1983 Indecent Conduct Hennepin CCH CAG# 83080022

1984 DWI Hennepin CCH 1535155

1985 Indecent Conduct Anoka Not in CCH K1-85-1172

1986 Indecent Conduct Hennepin CCH CAG# 86109522

1986 Indecent Conduct Ramsey Suspense Pre-TCIS?

1986 DWI Hennepin Suspense CAG#86121271

1987 Indecent conduct Anoka Suspense KX-87-7525

1987 Indecent conduct Anoka Suspense K9-87-7967

1988 Indecent Exposure Hennepin CCH CAG#87151375

1989 Indecent Exposure Hennepin CCH 89056658

1989 Gross Misd DWI Pine Suspense K8-89-534 

1991 Agg Viol – DL Susp Hennepin CCH 91040704

1992 Indecent Conduct Anoka Suspense K8-92-8512

1993 Indecent Conduct Ramsey Suspense KX-93-759

1993 Indecent Conduct Ramsey Suspense K6-93-757

1993 Indecent Exposure Hennepin Suspense CAG # 93022196

1993 Escape from custody Hennepin Suspense CAG#93511838

1994 Theft by check Ramsey Not in CCH K7-94-82

1997 Crim Sex Conduct 5th Ramsey Suspense K2-97-2658

1998 Crim Sex Conduct 5th Hennepin Suspense CAG#97208852

2000 Crim Sex Conduct 5th Anoka Found Guilty – Sentencing scheduled

KX-00-6209

Total Offenses: 21

On State Criminal History Data Base: 6

Total Offenses: 21

On State Criminal History Data Base: 6

Solution?

Integrated Justice!

Definitions

Integrated justice: providing complete, accurate, and timely information to justice system decision-makers, when, where, and how they need it

Identity

Location

Legal status

Background

Policy information

MilestonesInitiation and Governance

Planning

Performance Measures

Analyze Information Exchange

Standards

Architecture

Infrastructure

Applications

Interfaces

Evaluate Success

Initiate the Process andDevelop a Governance Structure

Is there a common understanding of integration among key policy leaders, and a commitment to pursue it?

Is there a decision-making structure in place to which everyone has agreed?

Continue Planning

Is a strategic plan for the effort in place?Mission

Goals and Objectives

Technology Assessment

Evaluation of Available Technology

Review of Best Practices

Business Process Review

Develop and UsePerformance Measures

Can performance in accomplishing goals and objectives be demonstrated quantitatively?

Benchmark

Baseline

Tend Analysis, etc.

Develop and UsePerformance Measures

How do you know…If the effort is on schedule?

On budget?

Meets the project goals and/or goals of the funding stream

IF IT IS A SUCCESS?

Can performance in accomplishing goals and objectives be demonstrated quantitatively?

Building a Measurable Business Objective

Example:“Increase the percentage of court dispositions that match to an arrest incident.”

From: Measuring the Success of Integrated Justice: A Practical Approach. A SEARCH Special Report .

Analyze Information Exchange

Have existing information exchanges been documented and analyzed?

Have automated information exchanges been designed?

Adopt or Develop Standards

Are justice agencies using common, shared tables for key data?

Are operational and technical experts monitoring efforts to develop standards at the national level?

Create a SoundIntegration Architecture

Is there agreement at the conceptual level among justice agencies concerning the model of integration that will be adopted?

Develop the Infrastructure

Have adequate communications networks and computing and application development environments been established?

Improve Agency and Organization Applications

Do justice organizations operate case and records management applications that are compatible with the chosen integration architecture?

Event “aware”?

Queue enabled?

Are all relevant agencies able to connect their applications to the integration infrastructure?

Establish Interfaces

Are justice organizations able to pass information electronically between applications?

Query and Response

Application to Application

Subscription and Notification

Milestones

Not a comprehensive evaluation of the status of an integration initiative

Simple indicator of approximate location in the process

More detailed planning information is available

Jean Itzin, FDLE

“We don’t catch criminals [or terrorists] by chasing them down dark alleys with guns blazing, like Starsky and Hutch. We catch criminals with information.”

Milestones for Justice Information Sharing

Dale Good

SEARCH

January 8 - 9, 2004