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--Jirector, Ii'ederal Eureau of InvesiOi;:ation ·june 9, 1945
Tom C. Clark, Assistant Attorney ~noral, Crir;-.i.nal Dl vision
RI1'.A-_ k:.l.1,) 1~~J\ ;~t:CCAJ TRi;!,SON.
:.'he followinc: item appeared in the June 7, 1945. issuo :Jf nte :7aahinrton Jaily ~Iews:
'AXIS SALLY' ~~:I7.SD
Rome, June 7-- A.llied :leadquarters announood today the arrest in Turin of 11 Axis Sally,'" whose honayed voice dri~ped propaganda poison into the ears of radio listeners durin~ the war in tho :.ledl tel"rnnean. She is Rita Louisa Zucca, 33, born in ~T91J York City. ;!er father oporatoo a reataurnnt on 49th-at, officials said.
FIease f'urniah the Crimnal lJi vis'ion with any information you may have in your fl~e. relative to this subjeot.
It i8 presumed that your reprosentative 1n Rome heA initiated an investigation relative to the acti~tie8 of this person and to asoertain whothor she may have oxpatriated herself. It is desired also that you ascertain whether the military authorities oont~plate ~y aotion against this subjeot, i:1 view of the sta.tement in the above news 1 tam that ahe had been placed under arrest •
00: RecordsJ Miss Healy Mr. ~ly Mr. Elliff'
'Axis Sally' Seized I ROME, June 7-Allied HeadqUarters!
a.nnounced today the a.rre!!t in~ 1 Of "Am Sally." whose honeyed voice
i dripped propaganda poi8on into the ; ear. of radio listeners during the war I in the Mediterranean. She is Rita. Louisa Zucca, 33, born in New Yon:: City. Her father operates a'restAU-' rant on 49th-st, official, said.
.'; '1 -_._-------
TLC,DBA,lr
~2a..18U~ Ootober Z, 1948
Col ... l Damoa 11. Gwua itar Cr1.llMa BrUGh Civil Attura Dhla1e. ~lar o.parll:Mat ~&ahl&(toa 2&, D. c.
Dear ColOR.l G.amat
ae. Hl t& .Leu!.. Zuooa
Aa 10" w111 reoall, OA Sept.-bu 30. ~~. 101a teleptloaioa1l7 reque.teet Vr. DoZl&ld Aa4.rao. o~ thi. Depart..at to 1ntGl'1l you 1Ih.~r or at Rlta Zlacoa ... wanted by the Depe.rtlleat ot .Iustl" 1. oolllHotlo11 with a ohare. ot treeHIl. rou .tat.cl that aM wu ~1J:lC r.le •• ed by the ltal1an Gover_At at that tl_.
Mr. J.aIlerMa adna" 7'N tll&t .e cl1d 1\0~ d •• lre h.r to N held tor 11. did. we are 1II"1UIIC you, 1a ooapllaaoe .1 ttl 7QUr reque.~, to 04At1ra th. t.n that ... clo ut ct •• ir. her h.ld in OOlUMotloa nth. a
JiOLLlE
po •• ibl. tre •• oa 'rlolatloa. 'lldle Rlta L.looa was ~.,...rq & oitiaoR ot tao Ualte4 Stat •• , .tw reoowa0e4 .er Allert .... olU •• uh1p OIl .Nu t, lNl, u4 aGqllired. Ita11 .. olU.euh1p oa J.au 2'.1»41. liu aot1:Y1Uo. tIl.r.an.r ill Ital, would DOt conati tuta' tr.uoa apiaat tao Ua1t" Bute ••
CCt ReCOrd/ ChrOM. JIr. bderaoa
For the AttorDeY Goneral
rliL-ruJ. !.- CA.UDLE, Aaalat&at Attoraey Goaeral
!f) G
. Offiet Memorandum · .UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO N. T. Elliff DATE: March 22, 1946
FROM Donald Anderson TLC:DA:AK ~
SUBJECT: Mildred Elizabeth Gillars Treason
146-7-51-1708 ~ .,,~ JI
. ""./).
As you know, the above named subject has been captured in Berlin according to news reports. For your further information, a brief summar.r of the facts obtainable from a review of the file is hereinafter set out.
Subject was born at Portland, Maine, on November 29, 1909 (September 21, 1909, appears as her birthdate in another place in the file). Her father l'IaS born in the United States and her mother in Canada. Sul?ject was a figure model in New York City for several years. In 1929 she went to France to .study. In 1933-4
. she lived in Algeria. From 1934 to date she has resided in Ge1'Jll.8.DT where she was employed at one time asa. secx:etary. to Brigette Horney, ~ ... a German film ac~ress. S~e has also been employed at the Berlitz".:,. .,' .i;f
SChO~\.~~~~.~.in .;er~t~.··:,~.:.. . '. ,.:' .: .. , ..... ::.~.~~.~::~.~~;:~'~~:'i!~~::;~".;·j';t·+, ". ." She was a close associate or,' . who was. tha.. . :.,' $~ -'.'
-:~'~iilcipaichai-acter in an:espionage' triai' in England ~~etlme·~~1i .. ~.·::~.::r.)~ . .. the war. .She is alleged to have made pro-Nazi propaganda broadca~8 ,,,!i- .•.
~6:e!~~~~~:!~ t~h;r= ·he~:~~~it1::.r~e f~:~e:s~t~:~~;'/}1~' now in Europe no dodlt have secured additional information relatiVe to her.,.::'.. .... ., .,'
. .,.,·:!;.c ,,' , ..... ,. ,.~....; ' .
.. 'The ~ast validatio'n or subje'ct' sAm:eri~n passpo~t·~~_~:,'~;,.~r":':.:.~:,~ )lay, 1940. The ~lle does no~ disclose a.ny·fact indicating expatr:i&tion.""'· - ." ":'. ."', . ."'., .'.'. . "--:6;~ "",?,,: .. >:,.: .. ' '. '.;! - '. :.;". ;'~:~;~'~5;i;'~);":: \
.' ,>'- \;~~, '. -Attached is a 'clipping fr~the .Was?1ngton Evening .. "·~l(;f.:{·~!..,:. .~ M~ch 2?-, 1946, pertaining to this case. 7';" , ':"" .J.~~. '".,,'
, whose j was beamed nightly trom
T T"l" U S home8ick GIs in North Africa reason ria m . . later in Europe, Is spending her time playing casino with her guards
By the Associated Pr... and writing a perl!Onal account of . :, , BERLIN, Mar. 21.-Justlce De-; her adventures.
partment representatives 1n1ormedl "Everything I did was of my '" ! free will," she said. a. woman accused as Berlin II AXis
Sally" today that she Is to be taken ~~~~~~]E~Emeii~ the United states and charged hi
with treason. The 37-year-old Portland,
native, identified by American ~!;;11~~~it]mlili:~§!~~§f.· government ofllclals as ~:1~d~;~~~~
hu been under ... , ~~i.m >\c'-'
,,' II
... ~.L._~"r·:' ~~:~
Office Memorandum · UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO The File
FROM Donald Anderson
SUBJECT: Mildred Elizabeth Gillars Treason
DATE: June 17,1946
DA:DTJ ~ 146-7-51-1708 ;
., ~ " , .... : -.. . .
Attached to Yr. Clyde Gooch's letters of April 19, and May 2, 1946, l'Ihich are fastened together in fil.e number 146-28-237-12,. are· several statements furnished by various individuals living in Europe. It is noted that these statements contain information pertaining to the above-named subject 'Which is found to camnence on the page set out inmediately after the prospective witness' name. A list of the prospective witnesses is as follows!
Page 1
.. 3 & 4
It 5
It 7&8
t~G It 13 -j
IV' It 14 HOl."LIE
It 16
.. 19
It 21
It 24
( It 28
.. 34
It 37
It 40
" 43
It 44
It 50
II 53
,
" 55 L
- 2 -
,-- Page 58
It 60 & 62
II 64-
II 68
~(, ! -Ie {/" If 71
II 72 __ /i ~.
II 74
11 76
It 77
" 80
~.ona.ld Anciorson
:~rbort. John i:urg:M.nJ onald 5&t~rlee ~ayJ
-.:1ldrad n.1utetbllilars;
--:"i"ederiek -iilhol.:.z i..ll tanbach: :i'r~
.;uru! 1.9 J 1:11.6
;).luTJ
~.
146-'::.-.2 37
r. ,~lyde ,1 oocll' J 10 t t.e-r to t.-~o ~ t tornay (Jeooral Jat.ad ;. -,,;.y L 5 t 1;46, flid.ch i. S in fila nuaber .l...4i>-.2.2-;;:J7-1, contaim! ir..fonution :;'lrta1.ni:'~ to "(';"0
abovo-na:l).8d indi Tidua1~ -mlich 1.3 wt rnt as follJlfa:
cc:
1-. _ rr8viO'Usly !l!itn tionad t raoul having beell in aU1ea in .i:l\Jrhn -.bin Harbert. ~ohn i:urgaan, aldred G1llars t and Frederick ,(al ten-~eh would COIN int.o t.M clUe. W :!lee tor tlla OW'POSE! ..,! obt.&l.1l1.l1g & studio and Uichn.i.c1an for melr r9Cordings. ~
)recaJ.l ba~g made reoordings tn rlerlln for 3urgaan, :.ll.lla.rr, w t.onb&Ch, and 1'~s7 c.Uanot. re~all other nur80tla fll"eunt nt.ll tho e.xcepu'(.IrA that! )b91ieve. that 1I&a present. on occasions ..1netl ::a1l1iU"sand :-:11X-~ .. ra maid.ut( nscorc1iD~l'.
a .rorMr 'MaTe radloitQo ),11 now amplayed at r8cnll!l ha-rtng baen _ ere sent wi. th tho made a recordings
t&chn1«n&n of the Liorlin $hort. liaS lnt.r"-i.'&'lfad· &."ld; _ . v
followi~ person. when ~~n
tou will :'80&11 Ulat. &&en of these persona naB .t&ted t.ha t aile alao recalls being rresent. alblO reoa1.1e haTin~ acted .IS techru.cian for Jlldred iJ1.Uarr. .han t.'le' .above-oaued technia1.ana and al.$owBro ;;reaent.,ach or tham has !tate:1 that :she r~r8 ~Yi~pt toeD p~~nt wi to whon .'itldred Jillars r..ada recordtng:!. --
7f&!I ~107~d '::..:r th,Q tJe:r-.An i~ru.u"u.M t.:)rc)11 ,11- ~ O'~t the olnt.1re l<6r1.'Jd c! ue lIr.t.r u
It <lll~ ~.a.rt of Clutias t.o ia4!'"a...€U for the .::o&ldui 01: ntcordings by t..'le Ttrioull cOI:I:!!entat.artl ""RnO
qre eaployed by the, .. And to u.p a rttcord of 'tile l\IIi.ount of work: that. t.hiJy nad dono 50 thay lfOUld be propsd.y £,OI1p.aute.d
, . l ,\".~ / ~' /' / "'-, o,:t.ln1;-mtt-
3tatoa lOll. of the radio in. approx1.m&w17 ~·.ptaaber or1944 at tl)G inet1~'t.1on or the Oenuw iorei.gn OltJ.oe. lie nol.ped to ~eru.1. t.'-aa '" c~tator md( had. direct personal <!,ootact nth
Records _ ~~ _________ 4
~ ~=~~-7: .... ~:_:-_~= .. ..- '-.-~----;-- ---iI' -C . ....-:: '- ----~ -- 10 1 Chron.
- .2-
~e COi!L'J8ntat.Ore \lnO nro \for;cin~ l.n jjarlin a:ld t\osnl..gznrnterXlU3:m. ~le 'Ali reapQ£Unbl • .1.'01' me pol1.t1cal sucst.1.nQe of t:l.ir co:mnentaries and it ..... a part <,)f i:.iz dut.y to euzine th.e:n and oug&cst aupropriat.o :nod1ficat1.onfl before taey vt.1r~ broadcast. -,.:let ;.,handler a.bvut. '...~4 ond ~r l~;4I.J at. .eu.c.~ time Chandler ~e a trip to ,;.)r.i:.n ~ cOl'l!!!ult nth radio ot'ficial:.!, <md in abla to tAat1f¥ all a ii''' tn.,~s t.o overt <lOtos r.;y iJal, [.;&1 tonbaoh, Sargaan, '.::hand.ltlr, Jl11o;.rs, ane ';(;Ilty. :ia nlc8:lwd U'arUlcripti.Ol'..s o£ Bestts hroadec.rstl3 mo to a cart-un ext.ont ·3ditad th6I:l btt!ora t."l3ir '.l"'. is intel11~cnt., ;.;Akea a ;:;ocri ap~ara.nce, ~p9ak~ r,~r!:lot ;\.1cric<ln n-;."li~n,
-3JC".rSt888 r..1m:Jal! ywll,i.! ~oopurat1 Vt) in hi:: atti t'.ld!!, :md 'r.)ulc': :::a.i<e a vary "ood .. d tn05S.
:ie was responsible [:4 all broa<ic&$tll tr1!ru!!:U tteci t.o _ ,a,1Xi \forme: ll:. c.i~ coopara:t.1on if1 th t ..... 16 ~ead3 of the Uni 1A<1 StAue Zone and. UlQ AlHricuc"! e oawmtat.arl. :is !lnjoyed ~l4il
3pecia1 cooddenc-e of t.rw heads of the Genaan foreiiSP t-rosc1casting $JM'i.c:a &Dei .. s frequontly in a.t.tendance 4t. confer.noes on Nt.tors &.Creating toM rad1.o in the ottics 0: Dr. 'ioebbellS and othft!' h1:i1-ranking ;.,ropagDllda. officials. :ie is able to desoribe in data.il th., Ol"ganiaati.on of Ule:Jerman radio and 1 ts conneotion ~ ~'1 the Frop&gaml& ~1n1.try and the l"ore1gn Qtrice. :14 can al.o tastity as to the acU"Vi U.s of indi rldual. oOlBentat.ora oonnected wi tn the Uni.ted ~tatAs .i:o.uo. ~-!. 3PSaki pert.at ~ngllah, 18 int8ll1~t, dXpre!'Je •• lU.zael.1 · .... 11, has lil ~ood IMU!lOr,-J and &5 a n tneu voul"i make a taVOl"abl. impression.
. 1fU e:sployad for 8pprOXUlawly three year!!!, frau 1942 until 1945, in the or the Forrign Office ~ read traUorlpta or !lAtcrt.nl Ylh1c.'1 had b8~n brOAdca.t. br .\.llisj unort nays t:~ittor:l ~, in accordanCG .nt.h lnat.rucUons, 581ectad ::at.artal ot ~~oial lntAtreat to the iJni ted 3t&te. C~0Jlt4tor8. )CC3eional.17 ". ;:,et particular cOIHentat.ora whon they ~fJ to -her otfice to maet t.~e nead .:It t..'1a united ~tato~ i:etors.t ,)! tho ot the Foreign Office or obtain :n&terial of =:oec1al intsrfJlIt.
'Jn1tad ;~t&ta8 Zone at the (~ I!l}ort tmW radi.o. rte ..... rG3ponsibls for ths transla.tion into ~ . .;;llcl1 o~ Ili:J'tR 1 u-.. and th8 prltparation of a :m3her o! cOI!I'Aentarisa lIIhich ha 1f'I'OtA hUla.l!. a. waa in fNquent. con tact u tn to. var1 au II C ORIIMnta tors who -.orkad in th~ Uni ted ::3 ta 1:.$. Zone. In 1943 ha hsl:pod to ~~ up a ~i.al t..raJ:1M1.tter in italy wniCh broadcast. to AaGrioan troO?~ in A!'r1ea, ~d in 1944, a.fter a&ving the i\und!\mJ( and becom:lng & aold1.ar :ill a propaganda CCDt:'.&ny'
of the ltebnllaoht., he -.&0 actiTe i.n varlous battle tranSlti ttora (lwap!sender). !Ie 1. able to t .. t1.ty &8 1;.0 the org&niaation and operat1an o! thtUI0 kamp!8.nder~ and ae to the use by- the itampfeender of prograaa prepared by- tho Uni ted ~ t.a t.. lone a! tia snort 'A TfJ
radio.
\QltI ell1~loY9d in th~ oft1c~ .:Ji' t.he nead of ttle untted Statos ILeterat.lM is able to te8t.1.ty aa 1:.0 occasional ne1t. of American cox\entatorp. :'0 t.h8 /oro1~ un1ce to di:Jc'I1u with the hn.4 or tM Cnitod ;.;tatefi ;~derat or to obtain mat.ertal of special 1nterest to t.hem. . he i ~ also aole to tasUfy aft to the ~~lect.1on and cOltlpili~ of ::-..atanal :7 tl'lQ !" orel..m ,-,ffice for t.h .• ;"" of the commentatort' in Ibl! ,':11 tAl 0
tates ~one vi the ~nort. ~ve radio.
number of ()thel~ ;'I!rs01'ts Haw h<B~m ir.tsrvialieJd '.1';10 :ire ;~tllc
f~O n.ve information cilo;'\~ the.,., ~e lin~s conoermr-.. g the aativi~ie3 -;;f :art.icular ;~rof(~'9()tt VI! ·,!ef'3ndants. c :;wb of t,ha ; .[,Otlr:acti W d.tnea!!e~ :Mntioned i::: l',,:11. letter haa ex,?r8fJeed. hi3 williniuwse t~
.'.0 to the :Jn1ted. ~tatoE ;md testii'7 1.n t:."U'l'i6 calli":!, i! r:acel!lSlll"Y •
. ach 110Uld make li. (',000 rtt.naea nth the noee:ible exception of -~ l1ho is reca.l.citrant and l'fhOH appearance is rethar un-
-attract.i.T8; :ie 'Ir.'l!! in thei;ohmacht and as ~ !"'.ember of tho !ian Party, and (lis ~other is about to be tried bj the oJ.mane i~ their , iena.si£1oa. t1 on program.
It. i3 our via. ~t ti'M acUrl t1~tt of the ?rineiral br08d~ters, n t~ the except.1on 01' - C4U1 ba I8Gtablielwci by the ~'Ortlonl' ~o nay. now been interviewed. '!t .appe4r~ dCleirable, howavar, to loca.ta, it ;:.oaei.ble, ~ int8rrogat.& _4 lew important off1ciaJ.. or the mort .. ave rAd1.o, including
It, i. belieYOd that. tne.e lnd1..viduals are so:aellhare in ,5011UWrn Uer~:r, ·~d 1ir. d'04Irh&1d.e i8 ~k1.DlI: an ef'fort to find th_. lleant1lll&, <1 !tor a fa .... Ill&t.t.r. are diJlpoaed oJ.' in frankfurt, ar. c.ly and I rill. ?roceed to (aria for the purpose of deTelo-ping facts againet
The dOCUMnt.ary e'fidence aecured !rom the Berlin radio station .... :5 not. found to b0 of part1cul&r va.lu.e, al.t.hougn a. llllJIber of l"ecordinge by i.~~ and a ffJW by i.4&ndler were turnad over to \l~
and will be forwarded to the Dopar'bMnt in th'l noar t'.lture. ,f! tave ita.d no opportun1 ty to AI!a.rtain the oontont ot these reoord1nge. Ver'f telf ort,::L-..;>.l lUnusOripts ".ro .found and it 18 prcbablo that. lye
~hUl haft to rely 'lpoll the lodarel Communications COICIrl.ssion trllDfl
crints far the agst part to prove the cont4!nts of til. bros.dca.!t.e.
,.hen toro or ~ore rltneoees \'fero preMnt, one witb another, it ia ~o stat.8d in tnis letter. ·J!ten it Ynle not po~81ble for th6L'1 to diSCUB3 the a:i tua.t.1 on due to d1. stance and time. 1'b.trl. r ~ori(3~ Tfi 11 imprOft when tht!1 aro placed together.
STANDARD FORM NO. tS4
Office Memorandum · UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO The File
FR.OM Samuel C. Ely ~ DATE: July 12, 1946
SCE:DTJ 146-7-51-1708
SUBJECTc 1H.1dred Elizabeth Gillars Treason
According to a memoraIXium da. ted April 8, 1946, by . . (our file number
146-28-1891) fundshed the following information concerning the above-named subject:
GILLARS, V:Udred Elizabeth - sex female, place of birth assumed USA., age approx. 35, hair black, eyes dark, build slim, lNight approx. 60 kilos. he1gbt'.approx. 1.6Om., speaks good German, and looks older than she is. She worked as "J(1dge" reading prisoner of war greetings to American priscners in German camps aIXi wri ting up mul!d.cal programs. She sympathized to a certain extent 1fi. th National Social1!!!D.
' ......... --.'
I/t)
'.:'ha lJ1.rector, Federal .Dureau of Investigation .:'ugust 14, 1::4b
:'heron L. Gaurile, .• 3sistant [,ttorney General, Criminal Jivision
i1i1Jred Elizabati1 tiillars, yli.'th aliaso8; :..narles 'Uetll Sittler; Freder1.ok;.'ilholm (~l umbach; Treason
I'LC: Jt,: JTJ 146-7-51-1708
kelorence is made to :,'our memoranaum dated Au!;UST. :J, 194o, regardi!lt! t.hl! di3p0si tion to 08 l'I1aae of }illars,:ii.tler
wao, accor:1in;~ t'J :{O',lr memoranollm, :ira in the custody of tho I\rmy. :four memoranaum also reque:9ts advice as to wnat di.spOel. "tio!! :-:'I}ould be made of Freaerick . ,ilhel.ta t0U.tenoach ~~houlj thl! r<.u[lsians :lln1 him over to the Americans.
lIoiJJOB
On June 6, 1946, ilie Jepart:nent of Justice advi!!9d Colonel do. J. ~)tewn8, Counter intelligence aanen of the :.rmy, that we desired ili.ldrod t;lizabet...~ :Jillar!l, Fredsri.=k i.tlhalm Kaltenbach and a few others held for U5 in conneotion 111. th treason cases. According to a news release datad July 20, 1946, at Berlin, ::iennany, and appearing in looal papar~, the :Lussian~ informed U. S. A.rrrry Headquarters that Kaltenbach died last Ootober in a Soviet detention camp. Should lou haw information to the contrary 'We wauld appreoiate being adul!ed ae -Wf:i desire Kaltenbach held for us Slould he be living.
\1a al!So advised Colonel Stevens on June 6, 1946, that Charle8 Vieth Sittler aIXi saveral other individuals naod not be held in custody for us, but we requested that they be required to report to the Counter Intelligence Corpe at intervals in order th&t t.heir mareabouta at all tilDes would be known. .
cc: Records - ~ Chron. Kr. Anderson
,'------
, ! 1\-!:-: 1 ,-.
.... ----... W" ____ • __ _
.~ onald .. '\.nder nan
~ob6r~ :lanry ~\t5tJ .Lartort John j;ur~J ~0U8,l.as vllAndl er J :;;mald JaY} ~~l1dred .:.ll:u.oo to ::'Ula.r~;
: ... :j7J
l46-'<',,~4:-: 14u-~~-1-j15 146~~J.2 l46-:23-1)2(.;
~n I\Ug1lst. 15, 1946, i.d.u .~eanor :':ontaoau, ;jar Je;.$.l'tmant. tolopao!!8 -Jx.tanzl.on 712>1, c:mt.ac~ ~ vtr1 tar and IlI'{.4Wd t.ll;lt. the o1.l.i t..a.ry ·J.!"f1cla.ls in :~'.u-ope 11.il.d contacted her off1co to ucerta.1.n t.he approxir=ata "t.1lr..e ::.!lO abOV1lJ
;.I.Ilmo;tfi ind1 vi,ciuals would bo returned to the l;n1 tad :; tatas. :h. abo stated tnat ;-.no reuon WlQ ::t1.ll tary o!f1.c1als delSired thi.a l..Di'ormatl.on 1"J&a t.~t they 'Allted t.o docids ~ tiler or not t.o transfor some ot the abovo~ in.d.1 viduals to other ("acslI of detont1.on, or i!' tiuly ware to be jcept. but. .. tlflort tims lon~r, Uley l"'.Ay Keep thea mera Ulay are a.t t.ha pre:umt ~.
'.!he writer adv1S8d !ti19S 3ontecou that ::OGte at these tnd1vid-uAlJ WOI.l.ld ;rOO&bly be returned to ·tho iJn1.t.ed ~tatas about. the t:t1.<idle ot ':spt.ntber bUt that. :1e cO'.;.tid not. aaSUA her allot them would be rotu.rtled at. th&'t U. .1iss 3ouUlCOU Gtatad :ilia t!lvll$t that .... ou1'1 be :r ... t!1c1ant intonnat1on tor ~ pnt!!l.nt..
-teco!:'c.s - ,--' cc; CAron.
!lr. ':.naer son
Harry R. SCleppard Congress of the United States House of Eepresentatives Washington, L.:. u ..
Jear Sir:
h.!1lHl.ry 13, 1947
;·[e, the veterans employed b J' the Pioneer Ti tl e Insurance ane. :2rust Company, are wri tiL€; you on 0. matter that is of the ;;ravest i:nportance to the veterans of World ~'Iar Ho. II.
No doubt you have heard of Axis Sally and the broadcast5 she made to men in the Luropean theater of opero.tions. Last night, by radio, Wal ter iiiinchell r.Jade a statement on his program that all veterans or' World War No. II should contact, either by letter or postal card, the Immigration Department in Washing;ton, stating that t,:ey do not want Axis Sally to be granted admission to the United States of America. 71e veterans feel she relinquisheJ. her riGht of citizenship when she went to Germany to broadcast propaganda. ;7e wish to say at this time that some of the things that 5he said to the soldiers overseas caused their morale to GO down to the lowest level.
'!ve, the undersigned, request that you carry this to the proper authorities for us.
Yours very truly,
VETERANS OF '!IOELD liAR II
i L---'
'j
I
~,.
.'16', .~.~v~.~. ",
W?;:·~.;:·:"
,A, • - -/23/47 l
Hon. TOil Clark: Attorney ueneral Washington, D.C.
. \
f\ECE1V£[j
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Hon. Sir:- ~IiIIN~; "",,<:10\\/
~~., If this II Axis Sally' isn f t prosecuted to the limits of the law, and ~uni3hed as she deserves, then' surely those American Soldiers ~'lho went to their graves, dir3 ctly and indi~~ctly through her propaganda during the 'i;ar, shall haunt us through our living days.
She certainly is guilty of TR'7I:..S0N, and even noV{ shoVls no repentance, surely she has ~ demented ::ninde
For the honor of our country, and in justicG to those who have given their all~ it is the duty of your office.toprosecute such traitors •
. With the full knowledge that you will do the right thing, and 'fli:::hing you 3ucces3, I am,
Very respectfully Yours.
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\~AXlrSA. iL./t<~ .. LliED.~~\ J, • ~~"GAINiftGERMA,~Y . ~KFORT;'ON THE ,MAIN;
I • Jan 22' (}PI - Mildred i Germany, ;, & ... ~ Sally" who I aillars the '.A.AOO
broadC'~' t over· the German rat d war' was re-arres
during e , ' f the -
~~~:~! Oj~c:.::~y ~t.~ .. gence otiiceI"1l' s&ic:L rigi
The 37-year-old American, 0 -. sted lut March on
nally an-: treason was relea.sed. charges ;4:wtth:tw~ other Amerion Dec. . diBtS < for the Ger-can pr~~~gence., officers said IIUUlIl' did not know why her re-they t had been ordered. In several arrel! uring the last month, interviews d h .. YTlressed she as -r however, anti-semitic and anti-str~~topblions, In one such
~sollcited inte~W u!e~~~=
were correct. .' ." .... . . -'_ftt HI tried to W1ll'Il America ag .... u>
ism and Judaism, to show Conunun were threatening and how theY America," $he said in undermining , things I
i t mew' <4 All the·" : that n e _f~ have become . warned afi~ th poor'
actualities, .Ob,/if only ose d .• ar ho sAcrlftced their lives' an .
B W . J;e&lized what was futures. ,hAd,. going on." '.~~- TO~ Clark AttornW~gton last week that.
Mld in be . taken into cUlltody she would. ''-'th treason if· she and charged ,W,
returned to America.. .~ .. ~~, " ... , ~. ..
COP v December 20, }946
/
;~-Dear Sir:
I an --riting to you on the advice of He thought that perhaps I could
be of' sone help in the treason trial or' Robert Best and Douglas Chandler.
On iIarcl'1 2...'1d 1944, I started listening to regt~lar shor~ 1.':ave broadcasts froD Berlin C ermany. I cont.im .. :.ed listening to their programs until they ~7ent off ~~he air in ;\.:pril 1945. During that time I became very fnrl'liliar ;-Ti th the voices and commentaries of ?cobert 3est yj10 ~.·:ent under the radio heading of "BBB", Best ;3erlin Broadcas t, and the hoof beats and baclc r:rour.d tlusic ~1hich characterized the beginning of Douglas Chandler's f!rograB, entitled Paul Revere. I also listened ref,fUlarly to the girl named HidRe, who gave medical reports of ~ericans in German prison camps, and recorded interv:iews with the prisoners on special holidays, for the benefit of their relatives in 'this country. I listened regularly to a man who gave his cO~:E!entaries under the name of the "Nazi Commentator tt ,
and to oany of their other programs.
On Hay 13th 1944, I made five recordings of a news cC'.st and short play from Berlin, although none of the above mentioned persons are included, but it has the voices of !:lany of the other people ,/ho did broadcast from Berlin.
At the end of each news broadcast, the names of five Americans held in German prison camps ~ere read, along \nth their serial number, and home address~ I have a list of 71 names of people to whom I had sent cards notifying them that a relative's name had been civen over the short wave from berlin. From these people I have received 35 replies, concerning the listing of their relative's names.
If I can be of any assistance to you I am
Respectfully yours,
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TR ;JE~J YORK :1Y DEC 30 1946 JAN 2 1947 THE PRE.3IDE;lT
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T"T'T""''T'''''r lu. SEOURITY·-mTIc.
GILLAR.3 ALIA3 AXI3 SALLY AND FELLOW TRAITORS DO NOT ACT
SPIRIT :-1U~nCH DEt-1AND RE:IEUAL CHARGES AGAINST tHLDRED GILLARS
DOUGLAS C}!AIJDLER ROBERT BEST AND ALL OTHER FASCIST TRAITORS
MEMBERSHIP CHAPTER 34 LOCAL 1 erDA CIa. a:OLLIE
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Dept. of JU3tice~
Also, the Japs, Includin3 To jo ana "A.:-.:.is Sally:'. '.~m.y not dive them t~lelr just ~1J:H~ l~unis:X1.e~'lt? It::..t was s.n A,neric8.u up for ,tr,i~l,_~-Ju '<;i. Gi v,e t::.e!i"l t:1e Eo Ie ct:r,i c c:l:llr or ~8L16 L'.l6::~ .:. or ti.1.6 s::.me oi'fense. '
?Iaz':' 2. Jut 20U' re all out l'or tile J3.ps0.nd
THIS SIDE DFCARD IS .
ur' DE f ~lnMENT OF JUS Department ,of -citl~,t-i~e,
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I an b veteran having spent consi~er~ble time in Europe ~it~ tha ai~ force. It is .:i tIl a rre5.t ,~eal of pleasure tL.G t I ask you to aJd my name to the list of .... .mericans, like mysel~, I'/ho c(~rtainl~' do not ',lant Axis Sall~- to ever nave an a ':~~crtuni ty to retu.rn to tnis country.
I, f or one ami I'm S ill'e tl1B. t there 8.re thousands like me, sinc~rely thank you for your interest in tLis matter, anu I feel sure tnat wi th your assistance we'll see tf"a t 'ti:~at female Arnold (e'ts a 'oi;- dose of her own nedicine.
Si'hcerely yours"
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JUN 9 \947
CRHy\ll .. , ..... &.It \l1~iON
The United states Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Dear Sir:
June 5, 1947.
As a War veteran of World War No. 2 and having served over a period of 3 years a good part of which was in the fighting zone of Italy, and having heard that a woman who
during the war, named Axis Sally, is soon to return to this counDry. I. wish to express mJ opinion regarding this person. She should be brought to justic'e for her part in broadcastj for the Axis - and tried for treason.
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Yours very truly.
TtCaSCXID'rJ
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Thi. 'Will acknowledge TOW" let.ter ot JaIJWU"1' 13, 1947 t ooncerni.ng "!xis ~." I prGlM1I'I8 that 7"CJfl are reterr1nc to UUdred El1s&~th GiJlars 1Iho .... noentl7 ralHeed .traa lIl1l.1 tarT 0'II.t0d7 in GeraD1'.
The content. ot ~ latter haft been dttl:r noted and. you ~ rest aswred that the matters ment.tonad b7 yon are reoe1v1Dg Pl"Oper attention b7 this Der#tMnt.
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For the Attoril87 <JeMral.
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• The ~onourable ~0m C. Clark Attorney General of t~e U.S United states Dept of Just'ce Washington ~5, D.C.
Dear Sir,
Pursuant to ~ statement broadcast over a nationwide radio ne tVTork by the '!Tellknovrn radio commentator and neT!!sp::ifer columnist, :Llr. 'Yalter 'Vinchell, on Sunday, 3anu;c.ry l~, 1947, on or ~bout 9 f.m. EST, reg£rding an application for re-entry into t~1Ese 'Jni ted St,C":.tes ,?Y t~1e person ';EneT,lly kno-:m to ve terans Cts\ II Axis S:::.lly II \durin8 t'1.e c:Der2.ti :ms C:t;:-ins t tlle enemy in I=uro;,e, I, ::san hohoT2.bly discl:arl;ed veterccTI of this r[stw;:~r, most v€'1emently rrotest ag.:.inst an~ ccnslderatiJn given such pn ~~;lic~tion by your dep~rt::lent or any uivision thereof. ~:"..ny ,,:,.:r;:;::licl:'tion E12.Qe "Jy the 30c:;::"led II .t.X1S ,;Jull,;''' should 1)e SUITJ1l2.rily rejected. ,:nd. 2.130 I)e stricken from any wal tlng list consu12or rerresentEctives of the U.;:;. me:! lli.?intain for the benefi t of legal immi€r2,nts to this country, and, this rlace on ~ny ~aiting list should. be assigned to 9. more deserving aprlicant, such as a II Displaced person" or ot~1er member of a minority heretofore per-secuted. .
In addition I most strongly urge you, Sir, as Attorney General of the U.S., to cause an investigation to be il1&de eX8mining the details in this case. If this II Axis Sallyh
(1) reno<lnced ':.er ;:IDeric<::n c1 tizenship before the war and before President F.D. Roosevelt declared a national emergency to exi stand bec3lI1e a germ~:n subj ec t, which is of course legal, then she should be treated as an enemy and by agreemEn ts reac}:ed wi th 0 ther americ[.n countries, should be denied entry into the western hemisphere, or
(2) if she retcined her citizenship then she should be prosecuted and tried under the federal statutes governing treasDn 2.1ong wi th other rerreg:->.des now in U.S. custody.
To parr:.pnrase Mr. ?Tinchell's comment, there ::lre too :TIany men buried under crosses ;::nd st2rs to let l-:er get s..way wi tl'l 1 t.
In bringing t:li S to .J 0 ur ~. t ten t ion, Sir, I :13.Ve the :lOno l' of remaining
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J Office Memufandum . UNITED S1.c1.TES GOVERNMENT
TO Yr. Caudle
FROM N. T. Elliff
DATE: January 23,1947
NTE:SCE:DTJ
SUBJECT: Mildred Elizabeth Gillars ~ Treason
l46-7-51-17~>' " ("'
('-I.. D. " . .' '-, '.,.,.,
The activities of Mildred Elizabeth Gill.ars for the German Radio during the time the United states was at war with Germany can be briefly" summarized as follows:
Prior to the Fall of 1943, Miss Gillars participated primarily in programs beaned to the British Isles. Her duties were those of an announcer introducing programs and an actress in dramatic and cabaret broadcasts.
In the latter part of 1942 or the early part of 1943, she participated in occasional special broadcasts made by the USA. Zone and as time went on greater demands were made for her services by the USA Zone., ., ,', ,,' , In September 1943, after Dr. Otto Koisch1rl.tz of the Foreign Office ~,~eIl"""A~:, ,.
,", placed in charge 'of the USA. Zone of the Shortwave Radio he requested ,that, ,:,,+;:,;, , " Miss Gillars be transferred to it.s staff. Miss Gillars continued;":·":i~~:;i::;~~';
;,C broadcaster tor the USA Zone until the German collapse in the ~',,~ .. ' . . ' ,,',:, ·'~;#'';':~t~.~;'",':;;'~':';\-~~~,!::~ :; _:.".: >11 ..... .-~ f· " - t·.:,,. ",,~~ : .~ ... ·,;;J::"~'~;'v>~'f)~~";~;~:::;~·;~->:"~- : .. ;",f.:~r-5~~~
-:.", Proiramswh1ch Gillars p~t1cipa.ted in which were ,,,,, -:~~" to the uIl:i. ted states or to the American Forces in the Medi
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the following: ,,>{~':., ..• ", .';
<1 ~.~~ .. ; .~~~i,· ~~ , ~."'Cliib of Notions, Smiling Through, Home Sweet Hane. ~8ries Of broadcasts were cabaret programs. "The 'series
, originated before the war. and were continued into 1.943. ' .. < the landing' of American toroops:in Africa they 1I9re beamed to
J.f'rica as'irall as to the British Is1.es;Atnerica,"'S~th ' ' " and Australia. These broadcasts were made once a week..,The, dialogue c:onsisted for, the, most part of jokes and parodies;
, often nth 'some 'politicaliliiplications~ },fias' Gillars was not'.,: one of the authors of the text of the broadcasts but merely ., reB4, dialogue written ~Y someone e1.seo
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2. Alice in Wonderland. < A series of 10 broadcasts' of, ,." satrical political dialogue concerning Russia.· Viss Gillars' had no responsibility for the text of the broadcasts b1J.t)De read lines written by another' person. ',-'.';,:':- :\', ,~,;:,;:,~ _ .
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3. Morocco broadcasts. This broadcast consisted o! re,.rn~"'''''.'' '.'.1:> ; .... ,' .music intersperseduth.light an::lserious canments for the, .
~'.:'""::~~~;: ,,:<:;;,'enteitafriment of Amerfcan:troops 'in North'AfTics.,"ttSiciii"a:nd t',;:·:;:ft,~·~,":!);i:~;';;?:;,;~;Ita1y."c1li5S Gillarsgerierally spoke ldthout a manuscript , ;~> / -<'." .:,~-:. the microphone and it mait;e iDferred that the' thougb,ts ' " ,
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expressed were for t~e most part her own.ilie program ';;as conceived and olaru1ed by Dr. Koischwitz of the Foreign Office ymo supervised it ~ather closely for sometiill8 but later Gillars carried on the program almost without supervision. The sericus portions of l.Iiss Gillars' talks on this program consisted of remarks of an anti-Semitic and anti-Cormnunist nature and statements to the American soldiers that Germany- vms strug;;ling to save Europe from the domnation of the Communists and the Americans were fighting on the wrong side.
4. Life and Fashions in Europe 's Ca pi tals. ::i S8 Gillars ~de announcements and read dialogue on this series of broadcasts which dealt -.nth cultural topicso She vms not respo:1sible for the text of the broadcasts. The purpose of these broadcasts '1TaS
to show that cultural activities were being conducted in as normal fashion as possible in the German occupied sectors of ~Urope.
5. Prisoner of ~Tar Greetings.
a. Direct broadcasts f=om Prisoner of -:far C2..!!lps. Etss Gillars visited camps in which American prisoners of war were interned and made recordings of greetings from American prisoners of war to their families in the United states. The American prisoners of war spoke voluntarily into a microphone in the presence of mss Gillars. Miss Gillars introduced the speaker and occasionally made some comments concerning the war. Hiss Gillars has denied, and there is no evidence to indicate that recordings were made using a concealed microphone and without the knowledge of the war prisonerso This series of broadcasts started in November 1943 and continued at least throu~h 1944.
b. Reading messages written by the prisoners of war. The German rnili tary authorities informed American prisoners of war that if they desired to communicate vdth-their families they could write a message on a prepared form and the message would be read over the shortwave radio to the United states. SOI'le of these messages ,vere read by Gillars who would intersperse comments of her crnn concerning the horrors of war and the human misery caused by it. A number of other women employed by the German radio likewise read these messages.
6. Dramatic plays. It may be noted that the dramatic broadcast in which Gillars participated, which is most univer::ally remembered by her forme r as si stants in the radio, was a play Trri tten by Dr. Koischwitz shortly prior to the Allied invasion of the French coast. The play concerned the reaction of an American mother 'nno dreamed that she saw her soldier son approaching the coast of France on an invasion barge and saw him drown after the barge was sunk in the landing attempt. Gillars played the role of the American mother and gave such a dramatic performance that all~gedly
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the entire aU':'isnc9 and :illars herself -,-rere literally 0-'[8rCOrle -:ri th erno-tion.
In t:'1e lat-cer part of 1944 J.n .American prisoner of ':iar named came -So ',vork for tile USA Zone of the German .!tadio and lJiss
,}il~ars nas asked to nake SOTIe broadcasts from prisonel' c:f '"Tar camps -,vi th ':rim. ::':he l'efused to do cO and when the radio authorities persisted in t~eir Tequest she resigned, stating -r-hat -;,:-as either a traitor OT a spy and :::he r8fu:::ed to -,York with either. i;:1.sS Gillars dij not resume her ~'JOrk until approy.ir;la tely t,,'[O months later when had left
Zone.
Following the ;~'eIm2.n collapse, :lss C.~illars obtained false paper s fran _lans lri tsche, r.ead of t:1e Propasanda :.:inistry, ,'rho -,'[3.S
13,ter tried 2.nd acquitted at r;urnberg. She used these f[llse ~apers to conceal L;.er true identity [lnd traveled:;hrcu~aout all Germany until her apprehension i~ serlin in the ~;rin7, of 1046.
E s~'1ct:.ld be noted tilat in the late ',::inter 0: ~94J a series of broadcasts i~re instituted from a German controlled station in Italy. 8ne of the principal personalities in these broadcasts ,vas a girl vmo was kno;m by the name of "Sally, /I her true name being H.i ta Louise Zucca. Apparently there (las been considerable confusion on the part of American soldiers -aho neard t.1.8 broadcasts from Germany and Italy as to the identity of "Axis Sally. 11 lIany statements 'which have been attributed to "Axis Sally" we:te appal'ently not broadcast by Iili.ss Gillars. (Zucca, an Italian national, was prosecuted by the Italian authorities and convicted on a charge of collaboration 'with the Germans. It is reported that she has since been released on parole.)
Biss Gillars' attitude is that she has never been disloyal to the United States, tbat she was doing a favor to the _~erican soldiers and their families broadcasting the soldiers' messages back home, and she still is firmly convinced that the Jews .. rere responsible for the "Tar and that Germany in fighting against Russia ,vas right and that America in fighting as an ally of Russia against Germany was ·wrong.
It rnay be worthy of notice also that IJiss Gillars' career prior to her c~~encing the series of liorocco broadcasts in January 1943 manifested no particular avrareness or interest in political proble~so Her career ~ad been that of a not::,oo successful vaudeville performer in the United States and a fairly successful radio actress and announcer in Germany. ~~ss Gillars developed a very close relationship .... 'Ii th Dr. Otto l\oischwitz of the German ?oreign Office and it appears that she may ~ave acquired from him most of tl1e ideas of a political nature vmiCl1 she included in her broadcasts.
',Ii th regard to the question of Hiss Gillars' patriotism to the United States) her desire for German victory and her interest in political matters, the following statements by other employees of the German Radio Station may be YJort."1.y of note:
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1. lIShe is a very artistically inclined person and disliked any contac t wi th political rna tters. II
2. lIShe had a particularly upright character. i do not know whether she relinquished her American citizenship. She always manifested a high regard and love for the United states and I have never ~1eard her speak unfavorably regarding A.rnerica. This mental attitude vras particularly manifested ~y hgr deep and genuine indignation concerning the deserter
3. "She -,yas actuated by pacifist motives and impressed me as being deeply attached to the American people. i1er activities were certainly never ~otivated by financial or other material considerations. She was a most independent character of unusual courage. ll
4. "All of her programs followed more or less the same pattern of talking directly to American soldiers trying to get them homesick and dissatisfied in general. ~ne once tried to inject political remarks ('Why are you fighting this -,var a.rryway?') but Koischwitz discouraged this practice as being out of place in this type of broadcast, and so it vJaS given Up.1I - From information given to a
~ss Gillars executed a signed statement on April 13, 1946, at Berlin, Germany, in whiCh she admitted her broadcasting activities as set out above. The statement is written in a rather dramatic and emotional tone.
~.fiss Gillars was interrogated by on April 2 and 3, 1946, and a transcript of the questions and answers were made. During the interrogation she stated that in her prisoner of war messages broadcasts she "didn't leave much unsaid about the Jewish promoters of the -.var." In response to a question to the effect that she felt the best thing that could happen would be for Germany to ,vin the Ivar she replied, "It is just complicated. It is a good thing for people to lose in life and I think it is a good thing for nations to lose in life. It is what develops character." In response to an inquiry as to her reasons for broadcasting Dne replied, "1 never considered a war between America and Germany" If it had been a question of Germany's being an enemy invading America, there never would have been a question in my mind. I ".lOuld certainly have been on America's side. But it ,,'laS never that kind of war. It ';iaS a war between the Gentiles and the Jews." • oe •••• "It was never a war between Gen:lal'.J" .:.n::l. America as far as I was concerned." ••••••• w!: was trying to open their eye s to see what they \'re re fighting for. Yau will see later. I am convinced of being on the right side. It will be only a question of time before others will agree with me."
During the interrogation above mentioned, Hiss Gillars was shown several written transcripts purportedly of her broadcast 1"rhich had
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been mor~tored by the federal Communications Commission. On several of them she made notations to the effect that she recalled the broadcast in substance and ·with the further notations that some statements ·were not exactly as she made them. The broadcast contained the following statements:
July 27, 1943.
"Good eveninp; women of America. This is ~lidge speakingo As you know as time goes on r thir~\ of you more and more. r can't seem to get you out of my Llead, you vmmen in .America, wai ting for the one you love, waiting and weeping in t.1.e secrecy of your own room, thinld.ng of the husband, son or brother ,mo is being sacrificed by Franklin D. n.cosevel t, perishing on the fringes of Europe.
"Perishing, losing their lives. At best coning back home crippled, useless for the rest of their lives. For whom? For Franklin D. Roosevelt and Churchill and their Jewish Cohetts.JI (Cohorts?) ••••••••••
"'J{ell, women in .America thousands and thousands of your men now going from French North Africa via Sicily to Europe are on their last roundup." ••••••••••
IIUO the Jews are sending our men over to Europe to fight so t..l1at their money bags will get filled."
August 25, 1943 •
•• • "And 1: 'n very happy that I experimented the way I did last night by staying up in my apartment and not going down into the shelter, by proving a way to myself that I am sticking on the German side because the German side is the right side and it is the gentile side. Girls of America don't forget that this is a war of gentiles against Jews. I repeat it, a war of gentiles against the Jews. ·iTake up and realize in what direction Franklin D. Roosevelt is heading the youth of America."
September 7, 1943 •
•••• 0 "And so there are thousands and thousands of American mothers and .lunerican wi7es waiting over there in America for the boys they like to come back home and thousands and thousands of these husbands and sons are over on this side of the Atlantic yearning for those they love way back home. .\nd yet it is all these little people who are paying ~1.e great price and not Roosevelt who broke his promise to the A.'llerican na t:i,.on wh~n he. promised the tAmptrican women that I assure you agaln, ana agalh ana agaln lla
i-,0 American boy "Jill sacrificed or. foreign cat tlefiGld. ',~r3S, _':.merican women that ',';as your president and':= wonder if :,rou 're thinking of hL'!l today when you :set that Ii ttle ~lip of paper !"'aying 1'l'eddent Roosevelt regrets :'11at :.::rs. John Smith's son ~as been lost in action.
ir:Tell, if you think t~1e price :i.S not t:)o big, then that's all ri;;ht. Eut I'", verJ, "lery sorry for you. 1I
Cctoher 5, 1943 •
• G •• 111 told you before it' '3 my fir;:: c orr.riction that i.n reality, this is co ';,;ar between Gennany and America, in t~J.a t sense of tc .. e -;'ford, Jut a. ,'Tar between ~~:1e Jews and t;le "3ntiles. il
October 14, 1943 •
• • • • III 'd j',,:, st like to Imc"!T if ~rou could c oun t on the finger E' of one hand the Jewish boys ~'fno are fighting along 'iri. th yOUo I doubt it ver-;{ l-n..uch.. -:jell, ~'1ink it over ~ang and don't for:;et how many time have I pointed out it's a Jewish war "lith good honest to God _iiJnerican Gentile blood being shed for it. uo you want to be on that side 'Jf the fence. ':Tell I don't kids. Do think it over, -;-lill you?"
In conclusion, it is worth notin!;!; that >'iE'S Gillars is an emotionally unstable and somewhat hysterical type of indiv-idual. She appears to be mentally responsible, cut !"'oems to have lack of control over ~er emotional reactions.
S'ollowing is a list of witnesses and a general summary of the facts to wi:lich they could testify.
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The broadcastir..:: acti vi ties of :.:ildred Ci2-lar:, ,~:enerally
=peaking, can be eSl:.ablis::-"3d by:;he testiLl::m:r of t~le /ollO'.'iin; ':;i tnesses ';rho are i'3.ll1iliar ~·.i.th the fact "c,hat she e-ras omployed :15 a broadcaster at ;~he Gerr.:J.an EhortT:ave :.adio ~+.,ation and ilave imow13dge of tie ':.ypes of her pr~grams:
11. Edward 7. Sittler, translator and broadcaster, USA zone.
Some of the above-n~ed persons have eXGcuted signed statements to the effect thg,t they ':;ere present ,';ith others ;· ... hen Qillars perfor:ned specific acts (although they do not recall specific occasions) ~:ffiich might be construed as overt acts of treason. IiQ'.vever ,::,he corrobora ti'::6 ':Ii tness :las in no instance verified :lis or L1.er ':resence.
Of the above-named ~ersons, .cdward ,sittler and are presently in 1:.he Urited States.
At the present time only one specific over" act by ':Cillars can be -craved by ti'lO v,i.tnesses, and it is ir:definite as to delte.
a technician, executed a si;;ned statement in ','riich 11e set forth
t.ha ~ ;1.8 and SU9'H·'.ri:::in;:;:m~:in8er, ':ad be en :-l'8 sent -;Ii til ,::1.1droo. =il13.rs ':;nen :-ohe ,:as nakin::; a broadcast 0f':'~le .,oroc.:::o ~Tograrn.
fro::: a .:::tudio ir: .=oeni~;S7:u=tel·0.ausen ::o'11et.i::',e after ,,-uc;ust 1;43. ,:8
recc:lls the specific i.:1cidem:; cecause an air r'aid alarm interrupseo. '1er :::roadcast. '::'hi2 il.cident i::: reot cont2.ined i~1 '~:le si;;n~d s-sa"emem, by
but :le told cr2.l1y -:'.1.3.t ~1e recollected t,;le oscasion.
i' .. ;:;rc2.t ;::any t(Jcinicians and several super'.~sin= en:~in8ers '.'no ':;orkec:' -;Ii th : 'ildre0 ':ill2.rs '"ere interroga "ed in c:ermany. .::':ley ;:'ec2.11.<3:::!. :"l:J.VilJ.g D,ade r8cordir,~s ,::'or ~er 'lnd in 2. nu.--nber of :i..r.s::;ances two tecrmici,?.ns or one tecnnici2.n and 2. ::;up:.::r'.ridng engineer reca},l("d :laving been together on several occasions and ha"llin;S seen ~ill:::.rs :::ake recordings; :1.07[8Ver, "hey could not recall any specific occ2.::ion andi :, is, ,.:,herefore, im:sossible to kno';; ';rhe"ther "they are ref3rrill; to :he ?-3...118 ncca:::ionsa ,:n 3.ddition, mpervisin;:, ?l1'Ti::'3en: and D. nu:n'!Je!' 01.' '::.::;cj,nici2.r:5 :'°3collecteo. ~l2.vi::g been tOGether on m.llllerot:s cut ir:c.efiDite cccasions ':;':len .:2..11ars ';Tould repo!'t to one of ';:'~le supervisL1!:; enl?,ineer5 to obtain a studio <".n::i technician in 'Jrder to !;lake 3. recordir:g.
It rr.i:;h t be possible to allege and sufficiently [-'!'ove 2.S several overt acts the making of recordings oy Gillars or her appearances at the desk of the supervising engineer as above mentioned, on the following theory, even ti1.ou;?;h the ';ii.tnesses do not recall specific occasions or dates '[men they ,Tere together under such circ'JJllstance s. In;:'he ins tanco s in vtlich the making of a recording ',',ould be alleged as the overt act, technician
_ for example, (as 7rell as several other tGchr~cians) could testify, according to information previously given by iler, Ghat she acted as technician for Gillars on many occasions and that on p.ach and every occ2.sion that she acted in that capacity she could see Gillars speakins into a microphone in the process of nakin;; a recordin;. In o'cher words, she would be testifying 6enerallyas to 2.11 of the times she acted as Gillars' technician although it is true that; shG undoubtedly does not specifically recollect each occasion. It 7JOuld appear that such testimony would establi::h the fact that saw Cillars each tir::e Gill2.rs JI1.ade a recording 'shen acted as her technici:m. It would be the testimony of one vii. tness to TIl2.ny overt acts of making recordinss by Gillars. ;\s for the second "Vii tness, ::upervising engineer f'or 9xam7Jle, (as ','Tell as others) can testify, according to infoI12ation lT9Viousl;;r furr.ish8d us by him, -':;hat cn a number of occasions :"e iad been r;resent ':Ii th 'dien she VTas 2.cti::g as Gil~ars' tech-r..ician and at those times ~le 11ad seen Gillars spealr..ing into a n:icrophone for the ::;urpose of makins:; a recording. This wou1(1 seem to fu~fill t.he Constitutional requirenent for ,,-;-10 ';,itnesses toccn overt act, even c~ough it could not be definitely stated by ehe ':Ii tnesses that they recollected being toget~er on any specific occasicn, because under tnese Olrcw;>.:;t2.nces -:7o'J.ld be testifying to one (or TIore) of the cccasions about ',\'nich :lad :civeIi information i:: ~ler testinony as to a2.1 of the tirnes she acted as tecnrician for Gillars. This same theory could be used to ~rove some overt acts by Gillars of reportinG to the supervisirlg engineer to arr2.nge for m2.kin~ a recording, except that ':roule. testify as to 2.11 of tae times Gillars reported to ilim and ' :'!Quld te stify to only some of them.
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If the above ti1.Gory is sound, (ane. it cannot be tested, if at all, until c,:le tria.ls of ftobert H. Best and :Douglas Chandler) several additional overt acts could be charged based upon present knoTrledge of pro:::pective 'witnesses' testimony ..
It is expected that all but two or three of the persons listed above 'will be brought to the United statas to testify in the forthcoming trials of R.obert Henry Best and Douglas Chandler.. In that event an opportunity would be Llad to discuss v;i th all of t.hem the matter of spacific incidents which could be used as overt acts in an indictment against ~a.ldred ::Ii2.lars ..
I :.:r. Cd uole
Prooi' iT.a,y not be availu.ole [;.~ to all of the .c:.ict." set out in the ?.ttached r;:erlorandum, u.s, .Lor exa'ilFle, to the contents of her oroG.dca~ts.
There :'3 another menorandurr: flOVi being ;)re:;ared relE.. ti ve to i.illar s, r.hich ~';ill set 01lt <jecir'icall:r ;;.nd in L.ore detail the teQtL-:::.ony that each nrosnective v.itness mav be ~_'ole to furnish Clhould ::rosec1.:tive acti~n be t2.i:ec cu::o.inst Gillar's.
Jonald }·.nderson
/
'Iba Direotor, Federal. Bureau 01. Inveat1~t.1OD
1heron t. Caudle, Aaiatant AttortJtJq 0eDeral
tildreQ· Kl1sabetb Gill.&n, 111 t.h aUaa "Axis S&ll.T' J TreUOQ
Juraary 27, 1947
ftc: SCEIDTJ
l'b1s will a.cJmowledge ,.cur ~ o~ Ja.na.a.ry 1S, 1947.. .m-ising that the aboft-lloUl8Cl sub.1eot. pl&u to return to thiscou.ntrT according to report.. t.b8n CUIT'eIlU7 appearing in the nnapapera.
It. ehould M aaoerta.ined whether Gillan III&de acre tbIUl ,ODe I'f1a1. to to the prisoner at ar 0UIpJ whether _ .... 1ntrcduoecl ito ~ priaonera, &JXl ~cW.ar~ to the ~tt by her tru ; ma.J &Dd 1Ibetber he recalla }tao a::act nat...nt. rel&t1n to the ; ~ ot reaordinp b7 h1a and other. in. the cuap, ar atateMDU bt bar of .. JX'o-Gerlu.n ar un-u.r1oan nature. He ehOGld be uUcl to c.n .. ~c1&l a.aar1ptiOl'1 ot the INbjeot aDCl e~ the Genaa prot,slIOr who acCKap&n1ad her. In all probability thi8 ,.a Dr. tIax Oscar Otto Aoiao1'1ld.ts. 1'11e nua. of otrber parsona who were preMBt 1I1tb. the intOl"llr;Ult. on thi. ocoasioa &Dl11ho ooald te8ti~ to th.e i.na:1.dent shoul.d be obwned atld an efi'ort MoUe! be lI8od8 t:o i.nterri.ew thea •• aoOll as pou1.ble. The uaot date o~ the mbjeot '. v1.8i. t. to the prj.SOneI" ot war caap eboald be determ1.ne4 ~f pouible.
With regard to broadca.ts &ll~ by the IUbJeo, lItlfch the 1n.Cormant. beard pr.1or to bJ.s oaparr. bJ' tb4t a.r.u. 1 t .a~d be detend.Dld, ... atateci abont, whether he O&ft 1dent1t7 ~
: .. a lian.na been JUde b7 tbe 1IIIbJHt.. The .... ot other penOll8 :,wbo' heard the broadoaata wh1l..e wi til tM ~ ebeal4 be .1IOeri \81,. aDd they ~ be 1D~necl &lao AlODC tale ~ 11Ma. , I" . \
001 : Recorda -~. ,ISENT BY MEtSSENGE~' '!.\ ~ Cbron. OOMMUNIOATIONS SEC
. '.' ' lti'. ElY I hN nN 1 0,1"7 '"
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It 1~ desired also that nt!1a1ent personal 1.ntormatiOll be obtained ooncerning tne intoraant and others who fIl&7 be interviewed in order tha:t. a det.erminat.1on "/JIJJJ.Y be mad. aft to their rell.abi.ll ty am. credi.bil1 t.y.
Enoloau:re No. 49~
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. yoU Diatlt letter ad.tifteaed to ttl. PNI1deD\ r.tm:e4 to this D1pa1MIl\.
", .•• ~!~ ••• :.,. rOU iti&...-i;~~·~D ~ new. lor ~ 1Dt .... u,on I a&Jl .tate b' Ill.4ftIcl ., 1 ubetll Ot.l.l.an Dq', .~rrec1 to 1Ja 70V la~ •. "'" DO' uaeU.t1oDal17 .&1tbo1J .. , ~ _re ft1M_ -hi ~Mtu.1 outodI' 1\ _ ~t.1_ that tbq __ , .peIt~~. tItiIlr . . ~,._n ... t all. "* •. ~ .... ~t&17 ad1&er1~ ... t.! O1"*ra hal qa1D Mea W:a .tDtOaQdl. -at047.
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JA.N 28 \9.7 " DIVISION f ~Rl> . .
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PITTSBURGH PENN JAN 5
nrE PRES I DENT
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THE \'JEITE HOUSE 0'<
'SPENT }ruNDREDS~DAYS AS INFANTRY SQUAD LEADER 45TH DIVISION
STOP SA~i t1ANY BUDDIES DIE BECAUS-E OF TRAITORS LIKE AXIS
SALLY STOP ANAZED AND ENRAGED THAT t1CNARNEY RELEASED HER ANb
FELLO~ TRAITORS LIKE DAY STOP DID ~E FIGHT AND DIE IN VAIN?
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'fLC.SCI.DtJ
l46-7-5l-l'lOl ;r- ~ ~.
SIGNED AND MAILED JAN 30 1947
DlVISIOli OF RECORDS 1..
CCI Record. -~ Qlron. Mr. ~
!BIRO. L. amm .. ~ A\_., o..ral.
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:';'\ ,,' _tltH A. &unrtt ,nst Nn., 711 VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS
OF THE UNITED STATES
23 January 1947
.' ,',Department of Justice ; ," Wasbington, District of Columbia
:'1 "
'~ Dear Sirs: 'i l
':". "', At our last regular Bi-Monthly Meeting of , of Foreign Wars Post, it was resolved that the 1ftwrite a letter to the Department o~ Justice.
',~. .1·,
,,(p the purpost of this letter is to request the Department of .' Justice to oppose the entrance of the former Axis Sally into this ,ountry. Although the music she played to make all our Comrades
, sick was very good, she also was either directly or indirectly
. -.' j,
trumental in causing many of our Comrades to remain on Foreign -., If she is being brought to this country .to be tried for on then we all say bring her over and convict her, but we
enjoy the thought of, her being , turned loose to enjoy all the which so many of' our Comrades will never enjoy.
We sincerely hope that this letter meets with ~our approval that the suggestion is fully considered.
." .: "
Sincerely yours, Resnectfuil.lv .. A
/LI
t JAN 23 41 ;. ~.;"':
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Jam&l7 31, 1947
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'ftd.. 1. to aalmc:Rrl.Mp.7ftI" telelJ"Ul ot J&mJAr1 22, 194'7, to the At.torDq 0eMr&l, reprd1nc to. ra-&rrelt ot III.l.d.ftd 1'11 ... tb Gill &1'" bT oarld.l1 tarT au ~ri ti •• in ~.
'fb.e COIlWDU of 7fIGI tel'era ha.,. been du.l7 not.ed '&DIS 7C wq reA uaarecl ~. the ..... ...uoDlMl b7 )"CN
' .. an reoei.'f1aC ptOper a~ti.oa-bT-tb1. IJepart.a ••
~ ___ ."'" _w~_.~ -N-S-P-' T-D-A.-N':'":D M ~ ii, : . 'i '
MUNlOATIO:NS SEC OM JAN 31 \ 947 AJ
OOl Record.-~ Chron. lIr. R17
Reapeo~,
,.. •• A.ttar..,. (]eDeral.
__ -- ___ -------, --4._----------.-.--~-(
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1l1rpartmrnt of 3JU!ltt~~-unUt'!"J('1f. . _ . . . DrvrstON Of .lh • .
cRIH'ifltn.gram TElEGRAPIl ~RDS .. R E'VEO ! t+ C . 7 __ :._- / -' / 7 ~ C{ s
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NF WASHINGTON DC JAN 22~10PJAjl -,~, 'I'.J . , N 'J . JJ.t I .Jy.~
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( J DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE . :--------.---.-.~---THE FOLLOWING TELEGRAM vIAS SENT TODAY 1 N WASHI NGTON: ~~t .. ;-~~~~~"···-I
A:~'~~ .':...w:~.t; HON. TOM CLARK, ATTORNEY GENEAL, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE , WAS~INGTON, DC, WORLD WAR 11 VETERANS IN AMVETS
HEARTILY APPLAUD YOUR SWIFT AND EFFECTIVE PROTEST OF THE REPORTED ATTE~T
OF rlILDRED GILLARS, THE NOTORIOUS "AXIS SALLY", TO RE-ENTER THE
UNITED STATES, WHICH CULMINATED TODAY IN HER HE-ARREST BY THE
AtjERICAN i-aLITARY GOVERmJENT IN FRANKFORT. m~ BEHALF OF AROUSED
ANVETS WHO CONSIDER HER FREEDOM AN INSULT TO OUR CO~RADES -IN-ARMS
C BURIED IN THE SOIL SHE TAINTED, WE PETITION YOUR DEPARTMENT TO
INSTITUTE TRIAL IN THE UNITED STATES OF "AXIS SALLY" FOE TREASON
SO SHE ['JAY BE DENIED THE CITIZENSHIP SHE SO RUTHLESSLY SATIRIZED.
(r. vIE CONGRATULJ'.TE YOU FOR YOUf: FORCEFUL STATE!";ENT THAT HER
RE-ENTRY INTC THE UNITED STATES WOULD WARRA~T HER ARREST FOR TREASON (
_________________ ~r------------.---- -
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lllrpurtmrut nf 4lunttrr IDrlrgrnm
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REC R 188 DJ THX
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NF WASHINGTON DC JAN 22 1947 405P
HON TOM CLARK, ATTORNEY GENERAL
UNITED STATES DfPART~~NT OF JUSTICE
:. i ~ "
"
WORLD WAR II VETERANS IN AMVETS HEARTILY APPLAUD YOUR SWIFT
AND EFFECTIVE PROTECT OF THE REPORTED ATTn1PT OF t-:r LDRED :- ~' ! :z:
GILLARS, THE NOTORIOUS "AXIS SALLY", TO RE-ENTEh T:-;E UNITED ~
STATES, vJHICH CULMINATED TODAY IN HER RE-ARREST BY TIlE ~
AhERICAN IHLITARY GOVERNi'lENT IN FRANKFORT. ON BEHALF OF
AROUSED A~WETS WHO CONSIDER HER FREEDO~ AN INSULT TO OUR
COMRADES-IN-ARMS BURIED IN THE SOIL SHE TAINTED, WE PETITION
YOU;; DEPARTMENT TO n:STITUTE TRIAL H: THE UNITED STATES OF
"AXIS SALLY" FOR TREASON SO SHE MAY BE DENIED THE
CITIZENSHIP SHE SO RUTHLESSLY SATIRIZED. WE CONGRATULATE YOU
FOE YOUF~ FOP.CEFUL ST P.TE;';E!:T TEAT ;-;EE F.E -Ei!TEY H!TO TEE
U::ITED STP,TES v!OULD v.'1IFiRAi'IT HEr: ARRESi' FOL TREASOr~
II. -_ .. _-------_._. -,- T-~
/
TLC & VCil'IJUb
146-7-51-1700 vY- FebrolU"J' 4, 1947
y \
1 nsh to acknowledge receipt of your latter dated Janual"'J 19, 1947, addn8Hd to the honorable 'l'CJ1 C. Clark, Attorney GeneraL
the Yimrn which you have expresHd in )'OUr letter have ooen caretull.:r n~ted. I nan to thank you for your e()Urteo~r in c~eating' nth the Depa:r1iman t.
. (:corc.G
hls?ec t1'ully,
'-or the Attomey General
TH£P.O?; I.. CAU~U ABsiatant Attorne, General
s·
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, L/ /' or
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I .an to ~lAtdp l'd4Ij,pt ot you!' lAt.ter datec1 January 22, 1947, &ddreaMd to UJe. Ugo cam.i, Coam1aa1oaer of Imipat.1on aa4 Natunl1S&t.1aIn..
1 note 70111'" atat_eDt that ef 7CUr poat .. held a pri.8ODIIr ot war tor approxt.utaly 2t ,...ra in Oersan;y ADd that. -c:lurJ.DC the allUre t1JDe or hi. 1IlprieonMrLt. M had to li.ten to bJ'DAdcaata b7 .AXU S&l.l.7 aDd know. of b1a own kDcIwltIdp ot ber traitorCR1a 0011 anw and nhortat.t.0n8 aga1nat. tM Un1t..d State.-.
~ De~t ot Jua'\.1.ce would greatly appreciate raoe1T.lDc • w.r1t,~ •• -.at troa nteftiDa to AD1' oocu1olul 1Ibe bAt _y haft .. en l6.u lt1ldred G1l.lara I who eomet.1.mea las nttel"l"ltd to .. ·.bis SallT', Ja&ke ~a ot ... ..",1 traa Aller1can prieonera or war tor broade •• t p;1rpona. He abauld. deacr.lbe and, it poad.bla, 1<1ent1!'y the pereona who accoaplJl1ed Uiall 011lal'lf on th ••• occaa1ona, nu.e the other American prisonera ot war who were present on INch ooca.ion. and who 111.7 baYe reoorded •• -au or gl'Ht.inga to their tudl1ol!1 back in the Un1 ted St&t.d to be broadcaat over the radio I- and ducrlbo exactl7.nat t1'8Dllp1red at the time that 't..Mn raoord.i.nga 'Wan JU.4e.
Your cwl"t.H7 in wrl. ~ t.o t.he lJe}'an-nt of JuaUce concerning Wa matter 1s greatly apprea1ated •
.. ,' cc: Records J//
Chrono Woerheide
T'dl:ID N L. CAUDLE Aall1..atant A. t.tomey General
