mikro bakteri

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    TBH \IUTH\ IM A@E\ILHU GJD

    AXCT@EHCCXCG\ VG\GU@THU

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    G*A`e|ilhu `j Uebhah im C`mh> gj

    @jt|idxet`ij ti tgrijiapbiw g|h a`e|ii|ogj`ua jgahd9# v|ilcha gjd agni| dh}hcivahjt

    `j tgrijiap

    L*Tbh Lgeth|`gE|`th|`g xuhd mi| ecguu`mp`jo lgeth|`g gjd v|ilcha guuie`gthd w`tblgeth|`gc tgrijiap

    E*]`|xuhuohjh|gc ebg|geth|`ut`eu im }`|xuhu gjd biw g|h }`|xuhu ecguu`m`hd

    D*Hxkg|pit`e A`e|ii|ogj`ua gjd Vg|gu`thwbgt `u vg|gu`th "v|it`utu# mxjo`# bhca`jtbu gjd g|tb|ividu) gjd wbgt

    g|h tbh v|`je`vchu im vg|gu`ticiop

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    G* A`e|ilhu `j Uebhah im C`mh>gj @jt|idxet`ij ti tgrijiap

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    Tbh aiut il}`ixu

    il}`ixu |hguiju mi|ecguu`m`egt`ij g|h>

    Ti hutglc`ub tbh e|`th|`g

    mi| `dhjt`mp`jo i|ogj`ua

    Ti g||gjoh |hcgthdi|ogj`ua `jti o|ixvu

    Ti v|i}`dh `avi|tgjt

    `jmi|agt`ij ij biw

    i|ogj`ua h}ic}h

    Tgrijiap `u g ue`hjeh im

    ecguu`m`egt`ij* @t v|i}`dh

    gj i|dh|cp lgu`u mi| tbh

    jga`jo im i|ogj`ua `jti g

    egthoi|p i| tgrij "vcx|gc>

    tgrg)

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    C`jjghixu i|`o`jgthd l`jia`gc

    jiahjecgtx|h# tbh uputha tbgt ut`ccxuh tidgp ti jgah gcc c`}`jo tb`jo*

    Tbh l`jia`gc# i| twi!jgah#

    uputha# tbh m`|ut jgah dhu`ojgthd

    tbh ohjxu "vcx|gc> ohjh|g) im gj

    i|ogj`ua# gjd `t m`|ut chtth| `u

    egv`tgc`~hd* Tbh uheijd jgah `u tbh

    uvhe`m`e hv`tbht# gjd `t `u jit

    egv`tgc`~hd h}hj wbhj dh|`}hd m|ia

    tbh jgah im tbh vh|uij wbi

    d`uei}h|hd `t*

    C`jjghixu gcui hutglc ubhd gb`h|g|ebp im tgrijia`e |gjku>

    uvhe`hu# ohjxu# mga`cp# i|dh|# ecguu#

    vbpcxa i| d`}`u`ij# gjd k`jodia

    Tbh h`obthhtb

    ehjtx|puwhd`ub eg|icxu

    C`jjghxu `u e|hd`thd w`tb

    mixjd`jo tbh uehjeh im

    tgrijiap

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    Tbh jgah im i|ogj`ua imthjthccu uiahtb`jo glixt `t# uxebgu `tu ubgvh# wbh|h `t `u mixjd#wbgt jxt|`hjt `t xuh# wbid`uei}h|hd `t# i| wbgt d`uhguh

    `t*

    Hrgavchu

    ! Hjtgaihlg b`uticpt`eg

    "Hjt 1 `jthut`jgc# gaihlg 1 ubgvhgjd ahgju im ai}hahjt# b`uti 1

    t`uuxh# cpt`e1 cpu`jo# i| d`ohut`jot`uuxh)

    ! Huebh|`eb`g eic`

    "Jgahd gmth| Tbhidi| Huebh|`eb `j7222; mixjd `j tbh eicij)

    Uiah b`h|g|eb`hu tidgp

    bg}h gdd`t`ijgc ch}hcu# uxebuxlvb`ccg# uxli|dh|# hte

    G ut|g`j `u g uxlo|ixv im g uvhe`huw`tb ijh i| ai|h ebg|geth|`ut`e tbgt

    d`ut`jox`ub `t itbh| m|ia itbh|

    uxlo|ixvu im tbh ugah uvhe`hu

    "H* eic`ut|g`j K7< bgu lhhj

    hrthju`}hcp utxd`hd lhegxuh im `tu

    vcgua`d gjd itbh| ohjht`eebg|geth|`ut`eu# gjd H* eic`ut|g`j

    678?>B? egxuh bhai||bgo`e

    `jmcgaagt`ij im tbh eicij `j bxagju)

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    Dh}hcivahjt u`jeh C`jjhgxuu t`ah

    C`jjghxu d`}`dhd gcc c`}`jo tb`jou `jti twi

    k`jodia# gj`agc gjd vcgjt*

    Oh|agj l`icio`ut H|jhut B* Bghekhc `j 72==

    e|hgthd g tb|`d k`jodia# tbh v|it`utg*

    Tbh v|it`ut `u gcc u`avch mi|a im c`mh uxeb gu

    lgeth|`g# agjp gcogh# v|iti~ig gjd axct`ehccxcg|

    mxjo` gjd uvijohu

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    @j 708=# Cpjj Ag|oxc`u dgj B*M* Eivhcgjd

    v|iviuhd g uebhah im ecguu`mp`jo v|ikg|pithu

    gjd hxkg|pithu lp tbh micciw`jo mix|!k`jodia

    uputha im ecguu`m`egt`ij>

    7* Aijh|g# gcc v|ikg|pithu# `jecxd`jo t|xh lgeth|`g gjd

    lcxh o|hhj gcogh

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    \*B* _b`ttgkh| v|iviuhd

    g tgrijia`e uputha `j70=0 tbgt uhvg|gthd tbh

    V|itiet`utg `jti twi

    k`jodia# V|it`utg gjd

    mxjo`# lxt |htg`jhd

    Aijh|g# Vcgjtgh# gjd

    Gj`agc`g* M`jgccp# tb|ixob

    |hm`jhahjtu im

    _b`ttgkh|u uputha lp

    uh}h|gc tgrijia`ut i}h|tbh vgut mhw dhegdhu# tbh

    m`}h k`jodia uputha wgu

    e|hgthd

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    Tbh M`}h K`jodia Uputha im Ecguu`m`egtij

    7* Aijh|g "v|ikg|pitgh)

    V|ikg|pit`e; xj`ehccxcg|#lxt uiaht`ah ehccu g|h o|ixvhd; jxt|`t`ijlp glui|vt`ij# lxt `j uiahmi|a lp vbitiupjtbhu`u i|ebhaiupjtbhu`u; |hv|idxet`ij guhrxgc# xuxgccp lp m`uu`ij

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    ]@\XUHU

    ]`|xuhu g|h gehccxcg|

    `jmhet`ixu gohjt tbgt g|h

    uagcch| tbgj ehccu* Tbhp

    eijtg`j jxech`e ge`d "DJG

    i| \JG) gjd g|h eigthd

    w`tb v|ith`j* Tbhp bg}h

    jit lhhj guu`ojhd ti g

    k`jodia* @j mget# tbhp

    d`uvcgp ijcp g mhwebg|geth|`ut`eu guuie`gthd

    w`tb c`}`jo i|ogj`uau

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    Ecguu`m`egt`ij im ]`|xuhu

    Tbh hg|cp eijehvt# ijh }`|xu ijh d`uhguh

    Tidgp# }`|xu g|h ecguu`m`hd lp ebha`egc gjd

    vbpu`egc ebg|geth|`ut`eu uxeb gu tbh tpvh gjd

    g||gjohahjt im tbh`| jxech`e ge`du# ubgvh"exl`egc i| txlxcg|)# tbh upaaht|p im tbh v|ith`j

    eigt tbgt ux||ixjdu tbh jxech`e ge`d# gjd tbh

    v|huhjeh i| gluhjeh im uxeb tb`jo gu g

    ahal|gjh ei}h|`jo "egcchd gj hj}hcivh)#

    hj~pahu# tg`c ut|xetx|hu# i| c`v`du

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    TBH UHG\EB MI\ H]ICXT@IJG\P

    \HCGT@IJUB@VU

    Agjp l`icio`ut g|h jth|huthd `j biw c`}`jo tb`jou h}ic}hdgjd biw tbhp g|h |hcgthd ti ijh gjitbh|*

    H}icxt`ijg|p |hcgt`ijub`vu bg}h uiah u`oj`m`egjeh tibhgctb ue`hjt`ut# hrgavch> ti xjdh|utgjd tbh

    e`|exautgjehu xjdh| wb`eb ijh i|ogj`ua lheiahu glchti `jmhet gjitbh| gjd biw tbh d`uhguh v|iehuu ieex|u*

    Ai|vbiciop gjd miuu`c |hei|du v|i}`dh c ttch `jmi|agt`ijglixt v|ikg|pithu

    Lhegxuh ai|vbiciop gjd miuu`c |hei|du g|h c ttch xuh `jecguu`mp`jo v|ikg|pithu# ahtglic`e |hget`iju# ohjht`e|hcgthdjhuu gjd itbh| uvhe`gc`~hd v|ivh|t`hu bg}h lhhjxuhd `juthgd*

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    TBH UVHE@GC AHTBIDU

    Jxah|`egc Tgrijiap

    Ohjht`e Biaiciop

    lguh eiaviu`t`ij

    DJG gjd \JG uhxhje`jo

    DJG bpl|`d`~gt`ij

    v|ith`j v|im`chu gjd ga`ji ge`d uhxhjehu

    Itbh| thebj`xhu

    V|ivh|t`hu im |`liuiahu

    @aaxjicio`egc |hget`ij

    vbgoh tpv`jo

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    U`oj`m`egjeh im m`jd`jou

    D`}h|ohjt h}icxt`ij# ieex|u gu eh|tg`j uxlo|ixvu im guvhe`hu w`tb eiaaij gjehuti|u xjdh|oi uxmmhe`hjt

    axtgt`ij ti lh `dhjt`m`hd uvhe`hu*

    _`tb`j tbh hxlgeth|`g# gj hg|cp d`}h|ohjeh og}h |`uh ti

    twi `avi|tgjt uxlo|ixvu# tbh o|ga!viu`t`}h lgeth|`g gjdtbh o|ga!jhogt`}h ijhu*

    Uxluhxhjt d`}h|ohjeh w`tb`j hgeb o|ixv bgu o`}hj |`uh

    ti agjp aidh|j uvhe`hu im lgeth|`g* Gaijo tbh o|ga!

    jhogt`}h lgeth|`g# tbh vx|vch jijuxcmx| lgeth|`g og}h |`uh

    ti aidh|j lgeth|`g tbgt `jbgl`t gj`agc d`ohut`}h t|getu*

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    L* TBH LGETH\@G

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    E|`th|`g mi| Ecguu`mp`jo Lgeth|`g

    @t `u ai|h d`mm`exct ti ecguu`mp a`e|iueiv`ei|ogj`ua huvhe`gccp lgeth|`g# lhegxuh agjp imtbha bg}h u`a`cg| ut|xetx|hu*

    Utg`j`jo |hget`ij# huvhe`gccp tbh O|ga utg`j#

    wh|h gaijo tbh m`|ut v|ivh|t`hu itbh| tbgjai|vbiciop ti lh xuhd `j ecguu`m`egt`ij imlgeth|`g*

    Itbh| v|ivh|t`hu jiw `j xuh `jecxdh mhgtx|hu

    |hcgthd `j o|iwtb# jxt|`t`ijgc |hx`|hahjtu#vbpu`iciop# l`iebha`ut|p# ohjht`eu gjdaichexcg| gjgcpu`u

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    E|`th|`g mi| Ecguu`mp`jo Lgeth|`g

    Ai|vbiciop

    u`~h gjd ubgvh im ehccu# g||gjohahjt `j vg`|u# ecxuth|u im m`cgahjt# v|huhjehim mcgohccg# v`c`# hjdiuvi|hu# egvuxchu

    Utg`j`jo

    O|ga!viu`t`}h# O|ga!jhogt`}h# ge`d!mgut

    O|iwtb

    Ebg|geth|`ut`e `j uic`d gjd mcx`d exctx|hu# eicijp ai|vbiciop# dh}hcivahjt imv`oahjt

    Jxt|`t`ij

    gxtitb|ivb`e# bhth|itb|iv`e# mh|ahjtgt`}h w`tb d`mmh|hjt v|idxetu# hjh|op

    uix|ehu# eg|lij uix|ehu# j`t|iohj uix|ehu# jhhdu mi| uvhe`gc jxt|`hjtu

    L`iebha`ut|p

    Jgtx|h im ehccxcg| eiavijhjtu uxeb gu ehcc wgcc# \JG aichexchu# |`liuiahu#

    uti|goh `jecxu`iju# v`oahjtu# gjt`ohju# l`iebha`egc thut

    Ohjht`eu

    vh|ehjtgohu im DJG lguhu# DJG bpl|`d`~gt`ij

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    V|ilchau im lgeth|`gc Tgrijiap

    Ji eiavchth ecguu`m`egt`ij im lgeth|`g Guu`oj`jo lgeth|`gc ohjh|g ti b`obh| tgrijia`e ch}hcu#

    mga`c`hu# i|dh|u# ecguuhu gjd d`}`u`iju "vbpcg)# egj lh

    h}hj ai|h d`mm`exct tbgj i|ogj`~`jo uvhe`hu gjd ut|g`ju

    w`tb`j ohjh|g

    @j 70=2 lgeth|`icio`ut \*O*H* Ax||gp v|iviuhd mix|

    dh}`u`iju> o|ga!jhogt`}h# o|ga!viu`t`}h# o|ga!}g|`glch#

    gjd i|ogj`ua cgek`jo g ehcc wgcc

    @j 702< Cpjj Ag|oxc`u o|ixvhd lgeth|`g gu mh|ahjt`jo

    bhth|it|ivbu# |huv`|`jo bhth|it|ivbu# i| gxtit|ivbu Lh|ohpu agjxgc im Uputhagt`eLgeth|`iciop`u

    `jth|jgt`ijgccp |heioj`~hd |hmh|hjeh mi| lgeth|`gc

    tgrijiap

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    LH\OHPU AGJXGC IM UPUTHAGT@ELGETH\@ICIOP

    @t wgu vxlc`ubhd j 70

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    Lh|ohpu agjxgcv|i}`dhu agjp k`d im`jmi|agt`ij# uxeb gu dhue|`vt`ij gjd vbitiu imuvhe`hu# thut ti d`ut`jox`ub gaijo ohjh|g gjduvhe`hu# DJG |hcgthdjhuu gaijo i|ogj`ua# gjd

    }g|`ixu jxah|`egc tgrijiap utxd`hu Im 55 uhet`iju im v|ikg|pithu dhue|`lhd# `t

    d`}`dhu `jti twi o|ixvu>

    7* I|ogj`ua imahd`egc u`oj`m`egjeh o|ixv "7= uhet`iju)

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    I|ogj`ua imahd`egc u`oj`m`egjeh

    o|ixv

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    Uhet`ij "jxalh|)

    Ahd`egccp

    @avi|tgjt

    Ahalh|u

    D`uhguhu i| V|idxetu

    Uv`|iebhthu "7)>

    o|ga!jhogt`}h#

    bhc`egc# ai}h lp

    gr`gc m`cgahjtu

    T|hvijhag

    Li||hc`g

    Chvtiuv`|g

    Upvb`c`u

    \hcgvu`jo mh}h|# Cpah d`uhguh

    Chvtiuv`|iu`u

    Gh|il`e# Ait`ch#

    Bhc`egc O|ga!

    Jhogt`}h Lgeth|`g

    " ai}h lpmcgohccg# bhc`egc

    i| eiaag!ubgvhd

    Egavpcilgeth|

    Bhc`eilgeth|

    X|iohj`tgc gjd d`ohut`}h t|get

    `jmhet`iju

    Vhvt`e xceh|u

    O|ga!Jhogt`}h

    Gh|il`e \idu gjd

    Eiee` "4)> uiah

    eijtg`j v`oahjtu

    i| ir`dguh# uiah

    bg}h mgut`d`ixu

    jxt|`t`ijgc

    |hwx`|hahjtu#

    uiah g|h ilc`ogth

    vg|gu`thu*

    Vuhxdiaijgu

    Cho`ijhccg

    Jh`uuh|`g

    Ai|grhccg

    L|xehccg

    Li|dhthccg

    M|gje`uhccg

    X|`jg|p t|get jmhet`iju# lx|ju#

    gjd ixjdu*

    Vjhxaij`g gjd itbh| |huv`|gti|p

    `jmhet`iju*

    Oiji||bhg# ahj`jo`t`u# gjdjguivbg|pjohgc `jmhet`iju*

    Eijnxjet`}`t`u

    L|xehcciu`u

    _biiv`jo eixob

    Txcg|ha`g

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    Uhet`ij

    "jxalh|)

    Ahd`egccp

    @avi|tgjt Ahalh|uD`uhguhu i| V|idxetu

    Mgexctgt`}hcp

    Gjgh|il`e

    O|ga!Jhogt`}h\idu "8)>

    Uiah bg}h

    vh|`t|`ebixu

    mcgohccg#

    agjp egj lh

    d`ut`jox`ubhd

    lp tbh`|

    ebg|geth|`u!t`e

    mh|ahjtgt`ij

    |hget`ij*

    Huebh|`eb`g

    Ub`ohccg

    Ugcaijhccg

    Kchlu`hccg

    Hjth|ilgeth|

    Uh||gt`g

    V|ithxu

    V|i}`dhje`g

    Ai|ogjhccg

    Ph|u`j`g

    ]`l|`i

    Vguthx|hccg

    Bghaivb`cxu

    Egcpaagtilgeth|`xa

    Og|djh|hccg

    H`khjhccg

    Ut|hvtilge`ccxu

    Ivvi|txj`t`e jmhet`iju im eicij gjd

    itbh| u`thu

    Lge`ccg|p dpuhjth|p

    Tpvbi`d mh}h|# hjth|`t`u# gjd miid

    vi`uij`jo

    \huv`|gti|p gjd x|`jg|p t|get jmhet`iju*

    Ivvi|txj`ut`e `jmhet`iju

    Ivvi|txj`ut`e `jmhet`iju

    X|`jg|p t|get jmhet`iju "huvhe`gccp

    jiuieia`gc)

    _ixjd gjd lx|j `jmhet`iju# x|`jg|p t|get

    `jmhet`iju

    Uxaah| d`g||bhg# ivvi|txj`ut`e jmhet`iju

    Vcgoxh# ahuhjt||`e cpavbgdhj`t`u#

    uhvt`eha`g

    Ebich|g# gexth ogut|ihjth|`t`u

    Egt!gjd dio!l`th ixjdu

    \huv`|gti|p `jmhet`ij# ahj`jo`t`u#

    eijnxjt`}`ut`u# ebgje|i`d

    O|gjxciag jox`jgch

    ]go`j`t`u

    _ixjd jmhet`iju

    \gt!l`th mh}h|

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    Uhet`ij "jxalh|)

    Ahd`egccp

    @avi|tgjt

    Ahalh|u

    D`uhguhu i| V|idxetu

    Gjgh|il`e O|ga!

    Jhogt`}h \idu"=)>

    ut|g`obt# ex|}hd#

    i| bhc`egc#

    ait`ch

    Lgeth|i`dhu#

    Mxuilgeth|`xa

    I|gc# d`ohut`}h# |huv`|gti|p#

    x|iohj`tgc jmhet`iju# ixjdu# gjd

    gluehuuhu*

    Gjgh|il`e# O|ga!

    Jhogt`}h Eiee`"2)> jijait`ch

    ]h`ccijhccg I|gc a`e|il`itg gjd gluehuuhu

    \`ekhttu`g gjd

    Ebcgapd`gu "0)>

    `jt|gehccxcg|

    vg|gu`thu#

    ebcgapd`gu mi|a

    |ht`excgth gjdhchahjtg|p lid`hu

    \`ekhttu`g

    \iebgc`agjhg

    Eir`hccg

    Lg|tijhccg

    Ebcgapd`g

    Tpvbxu# \iekp Aixjtg`j uvitthd

    mh}h|# |`ekhttu`gcvir

    T|hjeb mh}h|

    W mh}h|

    I|ipg mh}h|

    T|gebiag# jecxu`ij eijnxjet`}`t`u#

    jijoijieieegc x|htb|`t`u#

    cpavbio|gjxciag }hjh|hxa# vg||it

    mh}h|*

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    Uhet`ij "jxalh|)Ahd`egccp

    @avi|tgjt Ahalh|uD`uhguhu i| V|idxetu

    Apeivcguag "76)>

    cgek uhcc gccu#hrt|hahcp uagcc

    Apeivcguag

    X|hgvcguag

    Gtpv`egc vjhxaij`g# x|iohj`tgc

    `jmhet`iju

    Ivvi|txj`ut`e x|iohj`tgc `jmhet`ij

    O|ga!Viu`t`}h

    Eiee` "7

    gh|il`e ti

    ut|`etcp

    gjgh|il`e; jij!

    uvi|h!mi|a`jo;

    tpv`egccp

    vpiohj`e

    Utgvbpcieieexu

    Ut|hvtieieexu

    Vhvtieieexu

    Vhvtiut|hvtieieexu

    Uk`j gluehuuhu# ivvi|txj`ut`e

    `jmhet`iju*

    Ut|hv tb|igt gjd itbh| |huv`|gti|p

    `jmhet`iju# uk`j gjd itbh|

    gluehuuhu# vxh|vh|gc mh}h|#

    ivvi|txj`ut`e `jmhet`iju*

    Viutvg|txa uhvt`eha`g# }`ueh|gc

    chu`iju*

    Vgh|vh|gc mh}h| gjd }g|`ixu

    vpiohj`e jmhet`iju*

    Hjdiuvi|h!Mi|a`jo

    O|ga!Viu`t`}h

    \idu gjd Eiee`

    "75)> gh|il`e ti

    ut|`etcp

    gjgh|il`e; uiah

    ait`ch gjd uiah

    jijait`ch

    Lge`ccxu

    Eciut|`d`xa

    Gjtb|gr# miid vi`uij`jo# uix|eh im

    tbh gjt`l`it`e lge`t|ge`j*

    Thtgjxu# litxc`ua# ogu ogjo|hjh#

    lgeth|ha`g

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    Uhet`ij "jxalh|)

    Ahd`egccp

    @avi|tgjt

    Ahalh|u

    D`uhguhu i| V|idxetu

    \hoxcg| Jijuvi|`jo O|ga!

    Viu`t`}h \idu"74)>

    mgexctgt`}hcp i| ut|`etcp

    gjgh|il`e; jijait`ch

    Cgetilge`ccxu

    C`uth|`g

    H|pu`vhcitb|`r

    A`e|imci|g im tbh d`ohut`}h

    t|get gjd }go`jg

    C`uth|`iu`u

    H|pu`vhci`d

    @||hoxcg| Jijuvi|`jo O|ga!

    Viu`t`}h \idu"78)> ecxl!

    ubgvhd# vchiai|vb`e#

    m`cgahjtixu; gh|il`e ti

    gjgh|il`e

    Ei|pjhlgeth|`xa

    V|iv`ij`lge!

    th|`xa

    Hxlgeth|`xa

    Get`jiapehu

    D`vbtbh|`g gjd uk`j

    ivvi|txj`utu

    _ixjd jmhet`iju gjd gluehuuhu

    I|gc gjd itbh| `jmhet`ijuGet`jiapeiuhu

    Ape|ilgeth|`g "7=)> o|ga!

    viu`t`}h# ge`d!mgut

    Ape|ilgeth|`xa Txlh|exciu`u# chv|iup# gjd

    eb|ij`e jmhet`iju

    Jieg|d`imi|au "7?)> o|ga!

    viu`t`}h# mcgahjtixu# uiah

    ge`d!mgut

    Jieg|d`g Jieg|d`iu`u# apehtiag#

    gluehuuhu

    Get`jiapehthu Tbgt D`}`dh

    `j Ai|h Tbgj Ijh Vcgjh

    "

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    ]@\XUHU

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    Ohjh|gc Ebg|geth|`ut`e im]`|xuhu

    Tbh th|a ]`|xu# wb`eb wgu m`|ut xuhd lp vguthx| eiahu m|ia tbhcgt`j wi|d mi| vi`uij*

    Gcc }`|xuhu g|h tii uagcc ti lh uhhj w`tb g c`obt a`e|iueivh* Tbhcg|ohut g|h i|tbivir}`|xu# wb`eb g|h glixt

    7* Jxech`e ge`du

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    Jxech`e ge`du

    ]`|gc ohjiah g|h h`tbh| DJG

    i| \JG* ]`|gc |hvc`egt`ij

    dhvhjdu ij tbh hrv|huu`ij

    im tbh }`|gc ohjiah mi| tbh

    mi|agt`ij im }`|gc ohjiahu

    w`tb`j tbh `jmhethd biut ehcc*]`|gc jxech`e ge`d egj lh

    u`joch i| dixlch ut|gjdhd#

    gjd c`jhg|# e`|excg| i|

    uhoahjthd*

    Egvu`du

    Tbh jxech`e ge`d `u

    hjeciuhd w`tb`j g egvu`dtbgt v|ithet `t gjd

    dhth|a`jh `tu ubgvh* Hgeb

    egvu`d `u eiaviuhd im

    v|ith`j uxlxj`tu egcchd

    egvuiah|hu*

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    Hj}hcivhu

    egvu`du g|h hjeciuhd `j gj

    hj}hcivh* ]`|xu gex`|h tbh`|

    hj}hcivh gmth| tbhp

    guuhalchd `j biut ehcc*

    Uv`khu agp i| agp jit

    hrthjd m|ia tbh }`|gchj}hcivh* Uv`khu g|h

    oc`eiv|ith`ju tbgt uh|}h ti

    gttgeb }`|`iju ti uvhe`m`e

    |hehvti| u`thu ij

    uxuehvt`lch biut ehcc

    ux|mgeh*

    Hj~pahu

    aiut }`|xu eijtg`j ijcp

    jxech`e ge`d w`tb`j tbh ei|him tbh }`|xu* Biwh}h|# uiah

    }`|xuhu vgekgoh gj `jget`}h

    hj~pah w`tb`j tbh ei|h*

    Gmth| `jmhet`ij# tbhuh

    hj~pah lheiah get`}h gjd

    bhcv eivp tbh ohjht`e`jmi|agt`ij*

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    Ecguu`m`egt`ij im ]`|xuhu

    @j 70?5 }`|icio`ut gjd itbh| l`icio`ut mi|agccp hutglc`ubhdtbh @jth|jgt`ijgc Eiaa`tthh ij Tgrijiap im }`|xuhu"@ET])*

    Tbh @ET] |hx`|hu tbgt tbh Hjoc`ub eiaaij jgah# |gtbh|

    tbgj cgt`j`~hd l`jia`gc th|a# lh xuhd ti dhu`ojgth g }`|gcuvhe`hu*hr>

    Tbh mi|agc tgrijia`e dhu`ojgt`ij mi| tbh |gl`hu }`|xuwixcd lh gu micciw> mga`c`p> \bgldi}`|`dgh; ohjxu>Cpuug}`|xu; uvhe`hu> |gl`hu }`|xu

    ]`|xu g|h d`ut`jox`ubhd "ecguu`m`hd) m`|ut lp tbh`| jxech`ege`d eijthjt gu h`tbh| \JG i| DJG }`|xu*

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    \JG ]`|xuuhu

    Ohjh|gc V|ivh|t`hu

    Tbh d`mmh|hjt mga`c`hu im \JG

    }`|xu g|h d`ut`jox`ubhd m|ia

    ijh gjitbh| lp tbh`| jxech`e

    ge`d eijthjt# tbh`| egvu`dubgvh# gjd tbh v|huhjeh i|

    gluhjeh im gj hj}hcivh*

    "+) uhjuh \JG }`|xu

    "!) uhjuh \JG }`|xu

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    Ecguu`m`egt`ij im Agni| O|ixvu im \JG ]`|xuhu Tbgt Egxuh Bxagj

    D`uhguhu

    Mga`cp

    Hj}hcivh

    gjd Egvh`d

    Ubgvh

    Tpv`egc

    U`~h "ja)

    Hrgavch "Ohjxu i|

    Uvhe`hu)

    @jmhet`ij i|

    Dhuhguh

    "+) Uhjuh \JG

    ]`|xuhu

    V`ei|jg}`|`dgh

    "7 eivp)

    Jgkhd#

    vicpbhd|gc

    72!56 Hjth|i}`|xu

    \b`ji}`|xu

    Bhvgti}`|xu

    Vic`i

    Eiaaij eicd

    Bhvgt`t`u G

    Tiog}`|`dgh

    "7 eivp)

    Hj}hcivhd#

    vicpbhd|gc

    46!06 \xlhccg }`|xu

    Hwx`jh hjehvbgc`t`u

    }`|xu

    \xlhccg "Oh|agj

    ahguchu)

    Hwx`jh

    hjehvbgc`t`u

    Mcg}`}`|`dgh"7 eivp)

    Hj}hcivhd#vicpbhd|gc

    46!06 Mcg}`}`|xu Phcci mh}h|

    \ht|i}`|`dgh

    "< eiv`hu)

    Hj}hcivhd#

    uvbh|`egc

    766 BTC]!@

    B@]

    Gdxct chxkha`g#

    txai|u

    G@DU

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    DJG ]`|xuuhu

    Ohjh|gc V|ivh|t`hu

    C`kh \JG }`|xu# DJG }`|xu g|h

    o|ixvhd `jti mga c`hu geei|d`jo

    ti tbh`| DJG i|ogj`~gt`ij* TbhduDJG }`|xu g|h mx|tbh|

    uhvg|gthd `jti mga`c`hu ij tbh

    lgu`u im tbh ubgvh im tbh`| DJG

    "c`jhg| i| e`|excg|)# tbh`| egvu`d

    ubgvh# gjd tbh v|huhjeh i|

    gluhjeh im gj hj}hcivh* Ijcp

    ijh mga`cp im }`|xuhu bgu

    uuDJG

    @avi|tgjt O|ixv im DJG }`|xu

    duDJG }`|xu>

    Gdhji}`|`dgh

    Bh|vhu}`|`dgh Vir}`|`dgh

    Vgvi}`|`dgh

    Bhvgdjg}`|`dgh

    uuDJG }`|xu> Vg|}i}`|`dgh

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    ]`|gc \hvc`egt`ij

    M`}h uthvu im }`|gc |hvc`egt`ij>

    7* Gdui|vt`ij# tbh gttgebahjt im }`|xu ti biut ehcc

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    Lgeth|`ivbgohuLgeth|`ivbgohu

    Lgeth|`ivbgohu# i| u`avcp vbgohu# g|h }`|xuhu tbgt `jmhetlgeth|`gc ehccu*

    V|ivh|t`hu im lgeth|`ivbgohu>

    Ohjiah > eg||`hu tbh ohjht`e `jmi|agt`ij jhehuug|p mi|

    |hvc`egt`ij im jhw vbgoh vg|t`echu

    Tg`c ubhgtb > \ht|getu ui tbgt tbh ohjiah egj ai}h m|iatbh bhgd `jti tbh biut ehccu eptivcgua

    Vcgth - > Gttgeb vbgoh ti uvhe`m`e |hehvti| u`thu ij tbh

    tg`c m`lh|u ehcc wgcc im g uxuehvt`lch biut lgeth|`xa

    ]`|xchjt vbgohu# dhut|ip tbh`| biut ehccu* Thavh|gthvbgohu# biwh}h|# hrb`l`t cpuiohjp# g utglch cijo!th|a|hcgt`ijub`v lhtwhhj tbh vbgoh gjd `t biut*

    ]`|gc DJG w`tb`j tbh lgeth|`gc eb|iaiuiah u egcchdv|ivbgoh* Tbh eial`jgt`ij im lgeth|`xa gjd thavh|gthvbgoh egcchd g cpuiohj

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    Exctx|`jo im Gj`agc ]`|xu

    Twi d`uei}h|`hu o|hgtcp hjbgjehd tbh xuhmxcjhuu im ehcc

    exctx|hu mi| l`icio`utu# }`|icio`utu gjd itbh| ue`hjt`utu

    Tbh d`uei}h|p gjd xuh im gjt`l`it`eu agdh `t viuu`lch ti v|h}hjt

    lgeth|`gc eijtga`jgt`ij

    L`icio`utu mixjd tbgt v|ithicpt`e hj~pahu# vg|t`excg|cp t|pvu`j# egj

    m|hh gj`agc ehccu m|ia tbh ux||ixjd`jo t`uuxhu w`tbixt `jnx|`jo tbhm|hhd ehccu*

    _`tb g w`dh }g|`htp im ehcc exctx|hu g}g`cglch gjd w`tb gjt`l`it`eu ti

    eijt|ic eijtga`jgt ij# }`|iciop hjth|hd `tu oicdhj goh* @j tbh 7086u

    gjd 70=6u# ai|h tbgj 466 }`|xuhu wh|h `uicgthd gjd ebg|geth|`~hd*

    Tpvhu im ehcc exctx|hu

    V|`ag|p ehcc exctx|hu

    Ehcc ut|g`ju

    Eijt`jxixu ehcc c`jh

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    ]`|xuc`kh Gohjtu> ]`|i`du gjd V|`iju

    ]`|i`du7* Eiju`utu im g u`joch e`|excg|

    \JG aichexch

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    ]`|xuhu gjd Egjeh|]`|xuhu gjd Egjeh|

    Tbgt }`|xu eixcd egxuh uiah egjeh|u `jTbgt }`|xu eixcd egxuh uiah egjeh|u `jgj`agcu wgu d`uei}h|hd `j 7077 lp M*gj`agcu wgu d`uei}h|hd `j 7077 lp M*

    Vhptij \ixu* Bh ubiwhd tbgt eh|tg`jVhptij \ixu* Bh ubiwhd tbgt eh|tg`j

    ug|eiagu "jhivcguag im eijjhet`}h t`uuxh)ug|eiagu "jhivcguag im eijjhet`}h t`uuxh)

    `j eb`ekhj wh|h egxuhd lp g }`|xu# jgahd`j eb`ekhj wh|h egxuhd lp g }`|xu# jgahd

    tbh |ixu ug|eiag }`|xu "\U])*tbh |ixu ug|eiag }`|xu "\U])*

    Gctbixob bxagj egjeh|u g|`uh m|iaGctbixob bxagj egjeh|u g|`uh m|ia

    ohjht`e axtgt`iju# ehccxcg| dgagohu m|iaohjht`e axtgt`iju# ehccxcg| dgagohu m|ia

    hj}`|ijahjtgc ebha`egcu# i| litb#hj}`|ijahjtgc ebha`egcu# i| litb#

    hv`dhaicio`ut hut`agth tbgt glixt 78hv`dhaicio`ut hut`agth tbgt glixt 78vh|ehjt im bxagj egjeh|u g|`uh m|ia }`|gcvh|ehjt im bxagj egjeh|u g|`uh m|ia }`|gc

    `jmhet`iju*`jmhet`iju*

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    Hxkg|pit`eHxkg|pit`e

    A`e|ii|ogj`ua gjdA`e|ii|ogj`ua gjdVg|gu`thuVg|gu`thu

    Hxkg|pit`eHxkg|pit`e

    A`e|ii|ogj`ua gjdA`e|ii|ogj`ua gjdVg|gu`thuVg|gu`thu

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    V|`je`vchu im Vg|gu`ticiop

    G vg|gu`th `u gj i|ogj`ua tbgt c`}hu gt tbh hrvhjuh im gjitbh|i|ogj`ua# egcchd g biut*

    Vg|gu`thu tbgt egxuh d`uhguh g|h egcchd vgtbiohju*

    Vg|gu`ticiop `u tbh utxdp im vg|gu`thu*

    @j mget# h}hj w`tb aidh|j thebjiciop ti t|hgt gjd eijt|icvg|gu`t`e d`uhguh# tbh|h g|h ai|h vg|gu`t`e jmhet`iju tbgj tbh|hg|h c`}`jo bxagju*

    @t bgu lhhj hut`agthd tbgt gaijo tbh =6 a`cc`ij vhivch dp`johgeb phg|# mxccp ijh!mi|tb d`h im vg|gu`t`e `jmhet`iju i| tbh`|

    eiavc`egt`ij* Hetivg|gu`thu g|h vg|gu`thu wb`eb c`}h ij tbh ux|mgeh im itbh|

    i|ogj`ua*

    Hjdivg|gu`thu g|h vg|gu`thu wb`eb c`}h w`tb`j tbh lid`hu imitbh| i|ogj`ua*

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    AiutAiut vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu g|hg|h ilc`ogthilc`ogth vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu>> tbhptbhp axutaxutuvhjduvhjd gtgt chgutchgut uiahuiah imim tbh`|tbh`| c`mhc`mh epechepech `j`j i| i| ijij tbh`|tbh`|biutbiut** HrHr>> tbhtbh v|iti~igjv|iti~igj tbgttbgt egxuhuegxuhu agcg|`gagcg|`g `j}gdhu`j}gdhu |hd|hdlciidlciid ehccuehccu**

    GG mhwmhw vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu g|hg|h mgexctgt`}hmgexctgt }h vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu>> tbhptbhpji|agccpji|agccp g|hg|h m|hhm|hh c`}`jo#c`}`jo# uxebuxeb gugu uiahuiah ui`cui`c mxjo`#mxjo`# lxtlxttbhptbhp egjegj iltg`jiltg`j jxt| hjtujxt| hjtu m|iam|ia gg biut#biut# c`khc`kh agjpagjpmxjo`mxjo` didi wbhjwbhj tbhptbhp egxuhegxuh uk`juk`j `jmhet`iju`jmhet`iju**

    Vh|agjhjtVh|agjhjt vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu## uxebuxeb gugu tgvhtgvh wi|a#wi|a# |hag`j|hag`j `j`ji|i| ijij gg biutbiut ijehijeh tbhptbhp bg}hbg}h `j}gdhd`j}gdhd `t`t**

    Thavi|g|pThavi|g|p vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu## uxebuxeb gugu agjpagjp l`t`jol`t`jo `juhet#`juhet#mhhdmhhd ijij gjdgjd tbh`|tbh`| chg}hchg}h biutubiutu**

    Gee`dhjtgcGee`dhjtgc vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu `j}gdh`j}gdh gjgj i|ogj`uai|ogj`ua itbh|itbh| tbh`|tbh`|ji|agcji|agc biutbiut** T`ekT`ek tbgttbgt i|d`jg|`cpi|d`jg| cp gttgebgttgeb titi dioudiou i|i| titi

    w`cdw`cd gj`agcugj`agcu uiaht`ahuiaht`ah gttgebgttgeb titi bxagjubxagju** Bpvh|vg|gu`t`uaBpvh|vg|gu`t`ua |hmh|u|hmh|u titi vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu `tuhcm`tuhcm bg}`jobg}`jo

    vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu** UiahUiah aiux`tihu#aiux`tihu# wb`ebwb`eb g|hg|h thavi|g|pthavi|g|pvg|gu`thu#vg|gu`thu# bg|li|bg|li| tbhtbh agcg|`gagcg|`g vg|gu`thvg|gu`th i|i| itbh| itbh|vg|gu`thuvg|gu`thu**

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    Gj i|ogj`ua tbgt t|gjumh|u g vg|gu`th ti g jhw biutGj i|ogj`ua tbgt t|gjumh|u g vg|gu`th ti g jhw biut

    `u g`u g }heti|}heti|**

    \huh|}i`| biut\huh|}i`| biut g|h `jmhethd i|ogj`ua tbgt agkhg|h `jmhethd i|ogj`ua tbgt agkh

    i|ogj`ua tbgt agkh vg|gu`thu g}g`cglch mi|i|ogj`ua tbgt agkh vg|gu`thu g}g`cglch mi|

    t|gjua`uu`ij ti itbh| biutu* \huh|}i`| biut mi|t|gjua`uu`ij ti itbh| biutu* \huh|}i`| biut mi|

    bxagj vg|gu`t`e d`uhguh tpv`egccp g|h w`cd i|bxagj vg|gu`t`e d`uhguh tpv`egccp g|h w`cd i|

    diahut`e gj`agcu*diahut`e gj`agcu*

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    Vg|gu`thu bg}h ijh i| ai|h im tbh micciw`joahebgj`ua mi| h}gd`jo biut dhmhjuh ahebgj`ua>

    7* Hjeputahjt# tbh mi|agt`ij im gj ixth| ei}h|`jo tbgt v|ithetu

    gog`jut xjmg}i|glch hj}`|ijahjtgc eijd`t`iju* Tbhuh |hu`utgjt

    eput utgoh gcui uiaht`ah v|i}`dh g u`th mi| `jth|jgc|hi|ogj`~gt`ij im tbh i|ogj`ua gjd ehcc d`}`u`ij# bhcv gttgeb

    vg|gu`th ti g biut# i| uh|}h ti t|gjua`t g vg|gu`th m|ia ijh oiut

    ti gjitbh|*

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    _bhj vg|gu`thu uxeehuumxccp h}gdh biut dhmhjuhu# tbhp egj

    egxuh uh}h|gc k`jd im dgagoh* Gcc vg|gu`thu |il tbh`| biut

    jxt|`hjt* Uiah tgkh uxeb g cg|oh ubg|h im jxt|`hjtu i| dgagoh

    ui axeb ux|mgeh g|hg im tbh biut `jthut`jhu tbgt tbh biut

    |heh`}hu tii c`ttch jix|`ubahjt* Agjp vg|gu`thu egxuh u`oj`m`egjt

    t|gxag ti biut t`uuxhu* Tbhp egxuh ivhj ui|hu im tbh uk`j#

    dhut|ip ehccu `j t`uuxhu gjd i|ogj# ecio gjd dgagoh lciid

    }huuhcu# gjd agp h}hj egxuh `jth|jgc bhai||bgohu* Vg|gu`thu

    tbgt di jit h}gdh dhmhjuh ahebgj`ua uiaht`ahu t|`ooh|

    uh}h|h `jmcgaagti|p gjd `aaxjicio`egc |hget`iju*

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    V|it`ut

    Ebg|geth| im V|it`ut

    V|it`ut g|h xj`ehccxcg|"tbixob

    uiaht`ahu eicij`gc)# hxkg|pit`e

    i|ogj`ua w`tb ehccu tbgt bg}h

    t|xh jxech` gjd ahal|gjh!

    lixjd i|ogjhcchu* Gctbixob

    aiut v|it`ut g|h a`e|iueiv`e#tbhp }g|p `j d`gahth| m|ia 8 a

    ti 8 aa*

    @avi|tgjeh im V|it`ut

    V|it`ut g|h khp vg|t im miid

    ebg`ju* Uiah hjh|op i|`o`jgccp

    egvtx|hd lp v|it`ut |hgebhubxagju*

    Eg|lijgth ubhccu dhviu`thd `j

    o|hgt jxalh| lp uxeb v|it`utu

    tbgt c`}hd `j gje`hjt iehgju

    mi|ahd tbh wb`th ec`mmu im di}h|

    gjd tbh c`ahutijh xuh `jlx`cd`jo tbh vp|ga`du im Hopvt*

    Uiah v|it`ut g|h vg|gu`t`e gjd

    egxuh d`uhguh `j bxagju*

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    Ecguu`m`egt`ij im V|it`utu

    O|ixv Ebg|geth|`ut`e Hrgavchu

    Vcgjtc`kh v|it`ut

    Mxjoxuc`kh v|it`ut

    Gj`agcc`kh v|it`ut

    Bg}h ebci|ivcgut# c`}h`j ai`ut# uxjjphj}`|ijahjt

    Aiut g|h ugv|ivbpthu#agp lh xj`ehccxcg| i|axct`ehccxcg|

    Bhth|it|ivbu# aiutg|h m|hh c`}`jo# lxt

    uiah g|h eiaahjugcui| vg|gu`thu

    Hxochji`du#d`gtiau#d`jimcgohccgthu

    _gth| aicdu#vcguaid`gc gjdehccxcg| uc`ahaicdu

    Agut`oivbi|gu#ug|eid`jhu#

    gv`eiavchrgju#gjd e`c`gthu

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    Mxjo`Ebg|geth|`ut`eu im mxjo`

    G|h d`}h|uh o|ixv imbhth|it|ivbu# ugv|ivbpthu i|vg|gu`thu*

    Tbh lidp im mxjoxu `u egcchd gtbgccxu* Tbh tbgccxu im aiutaxct`ehccxcg| mxjo` eiju`ut im g

    apehc`xa# g ciiuhcp i|ogj`~hdaguu im tb|hgdc`kh ut|xetx|huegcchd bpvbgh*

    Tbh ehcc wgccu im g mhw mxjo`eijtg`j ehccxciuh# lxt tbiuh imaiut mxjo` eijtg`j eb`t`j# gvicpugeebg|`dh gcui mixjd `j

    tbh hriukhchtiju img|tb|ividu uxeb gu t`eku gjduv`dh|u*

    @j heiuputhau# mxjo` g|h`avi|tgjt dheiaviuh|u*

    Mxjo` g|h jh}h| ilc`ogthvg|gu`thu lhegxuh gcc mxjo` egjiltg`j jxt|`hjtu m|ia dhgdi|ogj`ua*

    Uiah mxjo` v|idxeh gjt`l`it`eutbgt `jb`l`tu tbh o|iwtb im i| k`cclgeth|`g* Tbh gjt`l`it`eu# wbhjhrt|gethd gjd vx|`m`hd# g|h xuhdti t|hgt bxagj `jmhet`iju*

    Bxagj mxjogc d`uhguh i|apeiuhu egj lh ecguu`m`hd gu>

    uxvh|m`e`gc# uxlextgjhixu gjduputha`e*

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    Ecguu`m`egt`ij im mxjo`

    Vbpcxa Eiaaij jgah Ebg|geth|`ut`eu Hrgavchu

    ^poiapeitg

    Gueiapeitg

    Lgu`d`iapeitg

    Dhxth|iapeitg

    L|hgd aicd

    Uge mxjo`

    Ecxl mxjo`

    Mxjo` `avh|mhet`

    D`uvcgp

    eijnxot`ij

    V|idxeh gue`

    gjd gueivbi|hu

    dx|`jo uhrxgc

    |hv|idxet`ij

    V|idxeh lgu`d`g

    - lgu`d`iuvi|hu

    Uhrxgc utgoh

    jijhr`thjt i|

    xjkjiwj

    \b`~ivbxu gjd

    itbh| l|hgd aicd

    Jhx|iuvi|g#

    Vhj`e`cc`xa#

    Ugeebg|iapehu

    Gagj`tg gjd

    itbh| axub|iiaUi`c i|ogj`ua#

    }g|`ixu bxagj

    vgtbiohj

  • 8/9/2019 mikro bakteri

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    Bhca`jtbu

    G bhca`jtbu bgu g bhgd gjd tg`c hjd# gjd `tu t`uuxhu g|h d`mmh|hjt`gthd`jti tb|hh d`ut`jet t`uuxh cgph|u> hetidh|a# ahuidh|a# gjd hjdidh|a*

    Bhca`jtb tbgt vg|gu`t`~h bxagj `jecxdh mcgtwi|au gjd |ixjdwi|au*

    O|ixvu Eb|geth|`ut`eu H}gavchu

    Mcgtwi|au

    \ixjdwi|au

    _i|au c`}h `j i| ij

    biut

    Aiut wi|au c`}h `j

    tbh `jthut`jh i|

    e`|excgti|p uputha im

    biut

    Tghj`g gjd itbh| tgvhwi|au

    g|h `jth|jgc vg|gu`th# mcxkhu egj

    lh `jth|jgc i| hrth|jgc vg|gu`thu

    Biikwi|au# v`jwi|au# gjd

    uh}h|gc itbh| |ixjdwi|au c`}h

    `j `jthut`jhu i| cpavb uputha

  • 8/9/2019 mikro bakteri

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    G|tb|ividg

    Eijut`txth tbh cg|ohut o|ixv im c`}`jo i|ogj`ua# gu agjp gu 26

    vh|ehjt im gcc gj`agc uvhe`hu lhcijo ti vbpcxa g|tb|ividg*

    G|tb|ividu g|h ebg|geth|`~hd lp ni`jthd eb`t`jixu hriukhchtij#

    uhoahjthd lid`hu# gjd ni`jthd gvvhjdgohu guuie`gthd w`tb uiah

    i| gcc im tbh uhoahjtu* Tbh hriukhchtij litb v|ithetu tbh i|ogj`ua gjd v|i}`dhu u`thu mi|

    tbh gttgebahjt im axuechu*

    Bg}h g uagcc l|g`j gjd gj hrthju`}h jhtwi|k im jh|}hu*

    ]g|`ixu o|ixvu bg}h d`mmh|hjt ut|xetx|h tbgt hrt|get irpohj m|ia g`|

    i| m|ia gxgt`e hj}`|ijahjtu*

  • 8/9/2019 mikro bakteri

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    Eh|tg`j ahalh|u im tb|hh uxlo|ixvu "ecguuhu) im g|tb|ividu#

    tbh g|gebj`du# `juhetu# gjd e|xutgehgju# g|h `avi|tgjt h`tbh|gu vg|gu`thu i| gu tbh d`uhguh }heti|u*

    O|ixv Ebg|geth|`ut`e Hrgavchu

    G|gebj`du

    @juhetu

    E|xutgehgju

    Bg}h h`obt chou

    Bg}h u`r chou

    G vg`| im gvvhjdgohui| hgeb lidp uhoahjt

    Uv`dh|u# uei|v`iju#

    t`eku# a`thu

    C`eh# mchgu# mc`hu#

    aiux`tihu

    E|glu# e|gpm`ub#eivhvidu

  • 8/9/2019 mikro bakteri

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    D`uhguhu T|gjua`tthd lp g|tb|ividuD`uhguhu T|gjua`tthd lp g|tb|ividu

    D`uhguhD`uhguh Egxugt`}hEgxugt`}hgohjtugohjtu

    V|`je`vgc }heti|uV|`je`vgc }heti|u Hjdha`e g|huHjdha`e g|hu

    Tpvbxu mh}h|Tpvbxu mh}h|

    ]`|gc]`|gchjehvbgc`t`huhjehvbgc`t`hu

    Dhjoxh mh}h|Dhjoxh mh}h|

    \`ekhttu`g\`ekhttu`gv|iwg~hk``v|iwg~hk``

    Tiog}`|xuTiog}`|xu

    Tiog}`|xuTiog}`|xu

    C`ehC`eh

    Aiux`tihuAiux`tihu

    Aiux`tihuAiux`tihu

    Gu`g# Ji|tbGu`g# Ji|tbGm|`eg# UixtbGm|`eg# UixtbGah|`egGah|`eg

    _i|cdw`dh lxt_i|cdw`dh lxt}g|`hu lp }`|xu}g|`hu lp }`|xugjd }heti|ugjd }heti|u

    @jd`g# mg| hgut#@jd`g# mg| hgut#bgwg``#bgwg``#Eg|`llhgj -Eg|`llhgj -m|`egm|`eg