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NA
SA
Pro
gram
Pla
nsfo
r S
ub-m
illi
met
er W
ave
Ast
rono
my
Mik
e K
apla
n
Chi
ef, A
dvan
ced
Prog
ram
s B
ranc
h
Ast
roph
ysic
s D
ivis
ion
Off
ice
of S
pace
Sci
ence
and
App
licat
ions
NA
SA H
eadq
uart
ers
Febr
uary
26,
199
1
Pres
enta
tion
to th
e Se
cond
Int
erna
tiona
l Sym
posi
um o
n Sp
ace
Ter
ratie
rtz
Tec
hnol
ogy,
Jet
Pro
puls
ion
Lab
orat
ory,
Pas
aden
a, C
A
NA
SA
Out
line
of P
rese
ntat
ion A
stro
phys
ics
Div
isio
n
NA
SA
's A
stro
phys
ics
Pro
gram
•P
lann
ed M
issi
ons
•T
echn
olog
y R
equi
rem
ents
for
Fut
ure
Mis
sion
s
•C
omm
ents
and
Sum
mar
y
Tef
fahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ym
p/M
S K
/2-2
3 -9
1
NA
SA
Pro
gra
m G
oal
Ast
roph
ysic
s D
ivis
ion
Con
duct
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
exp
lora
tion
of
the
univ
erse
The
mes
:
- A
stro
nom
y:
-C
osm
olog
y:
- Phy
sics
:
Wha
t is
the
natu
re o
f pl
anet
s, s
tars
and
gala
xies
?
Wha
t is
the
orig
in a
nd f
ate
of th
eun
iver
se?
Wha
t are
the
law
s of
phy
sics
in th
eex
trem
e co
nditi
ons
of a
stro
phys
ical
obje
cts?
Ter
ralt
ertz
Tec
h.
Sy
mp
/ S
K1
2-2
3-9
1
Pro
gram
Str
ateg
y0.
4
Astr
ophy
sics
Div
isio
n
NA
SA
Con
tem
pora
neou
s ob
serv
atio
ns a
cros
s th
e el
ectr
omag
netic
spe
ctru
m w
ithhi
gh s
ensi
tivity
, hig
h an
gula
r re
solu
tion
and
high
spe
ctra
l res
olut
ion
- Im
plem
ente
d th
roug
h th
e G
reat
Obs
erva
tori
es
•Fi
ll in
cru
cial
gap
s in
"w
avel
engt
h" o
r "s
pect
rosc
opy"
spa
ce
- Im
plem
ente
d th
roug
h E
xplo
rers
and
mod
erat
e m
issi
ons
•M
aint
ain
Nat
iona
l sci
ence
and
tech
nolo
gy c
apab
ility
- Im
plem
ente
d th
roug
h gr
ants
, sub
-orb
ital
pro
gram
and
tech
nolo
gyde
velo
pmen
t
•A
naly
ze a
nd p
ublis
h re
sults
- Im
plem
ente
d th
roug
h M
issi
on O
pera
tion
s an
d D
ata
Ana
lysi
s pr
ogra
m
Terr
ahert
z T
ech.
Sym
p/M
SK
/2-2
3-9
1
NA
SA
Scie
nce
Pla
nnin
g P
roce
ss Ast
roph
ysic
s D
ivis
ion
•St
rong
gra
ss r
oots
com
mun
ity in
volv
emen
t in
our
prog
ram
- Fou
r M
anag
emen
t Ope
ratio
ns W
orki
ng G
roup
s( M
OW
Gs)
plu
s "A
stro
phys
ics
Cou
ncil"
•N
atio
nal A
cade
my
of S
cien
ces
- C
omm
ittee
on
"Spa
ce A
stro
nom
y an
dA
stro
phys
ics"
- 10
yea
r st
rate
gy f
rom
"B
ahca
ll re
port
" to
be
rele
ased
Mar
ch 1
9, 1
991
- Pri
oriti
zes
all N
atio
nal a
stro
nom
y pr
ogra
ms
•In
tegr
ate
astr
ophy
sics
initi
ativ
es in
to O
SSA
prog
ram
pla
n
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ymp/
MSK
/2-2
3-91
NA
SA
Gre
at O
bser
vato
ries
Astr
ophy
sics
Div
isio
n
Hub
ble
Spac
e T
eles
cope
(H
ST)
Gam
ma
Ray
Obs
erva
tory
(G
RO
)
Adv
ance
d X
-ray
Ast
roph
ysic
s Fa
cilit
y (A
XA
F)
• Spa
ce I
nfra
red
Tel
esco
pe F
acil
ity
(SIR
TF
)
NS
A Sub
-mil
lim
eter
Ast
rono
my
Mis
sion
sAs
trop
hysi
cs D
ivis
ion
I
Kui
per
Air
born
e O
bser
vato
ry (
KA
O)
•Su
b-m
illim
eter
Wav
e A
stro
nom
y Sa
telli
te (
SWA
S)
•St
rato
sphe
ric
Obs
erva
tory
for
Inf
rare
d A
stro
nom
y(S
OFI
A)
•Su
b-m
illim
eter
Mod
erat
e M
issi
on (
SMM
M)
•L
arge
Dep
loya
ble
Ref
lect
or (
LD
R)
•Su
b-m
illim
eter
Int
erfe
rom
eter
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ymp/
MS
K/2
-23-
91
LC)
CD
cr)
Page 8 Second International Symposium. on Space Terahertz Technology
NA
SA
Sub-
mill
imet
er W
ave
Ast
rono
my
Sate
llite
(SW
AS)
Ast
roph
ysic
s D
ivis
ion
•S
cien
ce S
trat
egy:
SW
AS
will
per
form
bot
h po
inte
d an
d su
rvey
obs
erva
tions
in 4
line
s cr
ucia
l to
the
stud
y of
inte
rste
llar
clou
d ch
emis
try,
ene
rgy
bala
nce
and
stru
ctur
e: 4
87, 5
57, 4
92 a
nd 5
51 G
Hz
4°.•
Des
crip
tion:
-3
axis
sta
biliz
ed, s
tella
r-po
intin
g "S
mal
l Exp
lore
r" s
pace
craf
t (Sc
out-
clas
s)
-53
0 km
alti
tude
, 3 d
egre
e in
clin
atio
n an
gle
orbi
t
-55
cm
off
-axi
s C
asse
grai
n an
tenn
a, p
assi
vely
coo
led
hete
rody
ne r
ecei
vers
and
acou
sto-
optic
al s
pect
rom
eter
•L
aunc
h D
ate:
199
5
•Pr
inci
pal I
nves
tigat
or/ P
aylo
ad L
ist:
- PI
-- D
r. G
ary
Mel
nick
, SA
O
-A
nten
na, S
tar
Tra
cker
, Ins
trum
ent I
nteg
ratio
n --
Bal
l Aer
ospa
ce
-Su
b-m
illim
eter
Het
erod
yne
Rec
eive
r --
Mill
itech
-A
cous
to-o
ptic
al S
pect
rom
eter
--
Uni
vers
ity
of C
olog
ne
•N
ASA
Pro
gram
Man
ager
: D
r. D
avid
Gilm
an, N
ASA
HQ
c,
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
yrnp
/MS
IC/2
-23-
91
NA
SA
Str
atos
pher
ic O
bser
vato
ry f
orIn
frar
ed A
stro
nom
y (S
OF
IA)
Astr
ophy
sics
Div
isio
n•
Sci
ence
Str
ateg
y: S
OFI
A w
ill p
rovi
de f
requ
ent,
high
-qua
lity
acce
ss to
the
IR/s
ub-m
in s
pect
ral r
egio
n
•D
escr
iptio
n:
-2.
5 m
Nas
myt
h IR
tele
scop
e ho
used
in a
mod
ifie
d B
oein
g 74
7 SP
air
craf
t
-O
pera
tes
from
0.3
to 1
600
mic
rons
-S
ensi
tivi
ty 1
1119
Wic
m2 /S
R
-Ang
ular
Res
olut
ion:
2 a
rcse
c in
nea
r IR
and
dif
frac
tion
limite
d at
wav
elen
gths
> 3
0 m
icro
ns
-12
0 fl
ight
s/ye
ar w
ith 3
0 -
40 r
esea
rch
team
s/ye
ar
•L
aunc
h D
ate:
199
8
•T
echn
olog
y D
evel
opm
ent R
equi
rem
ents
:
-Lig
htw
eigh
t f/1
pri
mar
y m
irro
r (Z
eiss
)
-Sh
ear
laye
r co
ntro
l
-Lar
ge a
ir b
eari
ng
•N
ASA
Pro
gram
/Pro
ject
Man
ager
: M
ike
Kap
lan,
NA
SA-H
Q /
Dr.
Gar
yT
horl
ey, N
ASA
-AR
C
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ymp/
MSK
/2-2
3-91
NA
SA
Sub
-mil
lim
eter
Mod
erat
e M
issi
on (
SM
MM
)A
stro
phys
ics
Div
isio
n•
Sci
ence
Str
ateg
y: S
MM
M w
ill b
e a
spec
tral
sur
vey
of s
elec
ted
obje
cts
from
100
- 75
0 m
icro
ns a
nd im
agin
g in
the
100
- 30
0 m
icro
n ra
nge
•D
escr
iptio
n:-
2.5
to 4
m s
egm
ente
d, a
mbi
ent t
empe
ratu
re a
pert
ure
-H
igh
orbi
t, 2
year
life
time
-Liq
uid
He-
cool
ed f
ocal
pla
neFa
bry-
Pero
t spe
ctro
met
er w
ith 0
.1 d
eg K
bol
omet
ers
- IR
cam
era
with
0.3
deg
K b
olom
eter
s--
Ten
-ban
d he
tero
dyne
rad
iom
eter
ope
ratin
g at
2 d
eg K
•M
issi
on O
ptio
ns: E
xplo
rer-
clas
s (2
.5 m
ape
rtur
e, s
pect
rosc
opy
only
), C
NE
San
d/or
ESA
col
labo
ratio
n•
Lau
nch
Dat
e: 2
001?
•T
echn
olo
Dev
elo
men
t Re
s ui
rem
ents
:-
SIS
mix
ers,
het
erod
yne
rece
iver
s w
ith s
ensi
tiviti
es w
ithin
a f
acto
r of
5 o
f th
equ
antu
m li
mit
and
loca
l osc
illat
ors
with
incr
ease
d co
nver
sion
eff
icie
ncy
-Fa
r IR
inte
grat
ing
arra
ys (
impu
rity
ban
d co
nduc
tion
tech
nolo
gy)
-B
olom
eter
s-
Lig
htw
eigh
t pre
cisi
on a
pert
ure
•Sc
ienc
e W
orki
n G
rou
a C
hair
man
: Dr.
Tom
Phi
llips
, Cal
tech
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
yrnp
/MS
IQ2-
23-9
1
NA
SA L
arge
Dep
loya
ble
Ref
lect
or (
LD
R)
Ast
roph
ysic
s D
ivis
ion
•S
cien
ce S
trat
egy:
LD
R w
ill v
iew
sou
rces
in th
e w
avel
engt
h re
gion
bet
wee
n 30
and
3000
mic
rons
•D
escr
iptio
n:-
20 m
- c
lass
dia
met
er a
nten
na f
or im
agin
g sp
ectr
osco
py a
nd p
hoto
met
ryco
mpo
sed
of 9
0 lig
htw
eigh
t, he
xago
nal p
anel
s, 4
mir
ror,
two-
stag
e op
tical
syst
em-
Dif
frac
tion
limit
< 50
mic
rons
-Sp
ectr
al r
esol
ving
lim
it fr
om 1
0 to
105
-A
ngul
ar r
esol
utio
n of
1 a
rcse
c at
100
mic
rons
-Se
nsiti
vity
> 2
x 1
044W
/cm
2/SR
•L
aunc
h D
ate:
200
9??
•T
echn
olog
y D
evel
opm
ent R
equi
rem
ents
:- L
ight
wei
ght m
irro
r se
gmen
ts- A
ctiv
e fi
gure
con
trol
-H
eter
odyn
e re
ceiv
ers
with
SIS
mix
ers
-L
ong
lifet
ime
cryo
geni
cs•
NA
SA P
OC
: Dr.
Lar
ry C
arof
f, N
ASA
-HQ
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ymp/
MSK
/2-2
3-91
NA
SA
•Su
b-m
ilhm
eter
Int
erfe
rom
eter
(SM
IVII
)A
stro
phys
ics
Div
isio
n
•S
cien
ce S
trat
egy:
SM
MI
wil
l vie
w s
ourc
es in
the
wav
elen
gth
regi
on b
etw
een
30an
d 10
00 m
icro
ns w
ith
100x
bet
ter
reso
luti
on th
an a
ny o
ther
exi
stin
g or
pro
pose
din
stru
men
t. B
ased
at
luna
r ou
tpos
t
•D
escr
ipti
on:
-T
wo-
dim
ensi
onal
arr
ay o
f 5
- m
eter
ant
enna
s di
stri
bute
d on
bas
elin
es f
rom
50
mto
sev
eral
km
-A
ctiv
ely-
cool
ed, s
uper
hete
rody
ne r
ecei
vers
-S
pect
ral r
esol
ving
lim
it f
rom
10
to 1
06 o
ver
the
enti
re s
pect
rum
10
GH
z B
W
-A
ngul
ar r
esol
utio
n of
10
mil
liar
csec
at 1
00 m
icro
ns
•L
aunch
Dat
e: 2
01
3??
•T
echn
olo
Dev
elo
men
t R
e o
uire
men
ts:
-H
igh
thro
ughp
ut c
orre
lato
rs
-L
ight
wei
ght m
ater
ials
that
ope
rate
at 1
00 d
eg K
and
cyc
le to
385
deg
K
-F
iber
-opt
ics
-T
eler
obot
ic o
pera
tion
•N
AS
A P
OC
: M
ike
Kap
lan
NA
SA
-HQ
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ymp/
MS
K/2
-23
-91
Page 14 Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology
• C(4 E (7 =(1) 6 OSO C. 4 a E u)
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C 0 0 'J. It' U) io"P." 0 Z In = Fil C "CO 0co —
mot %NO • '—CuC.0 ta 1:11 15_. u. u. 2
NA
SA
Tec
hnolo
gy R
equir
emen
ts f
or
Sub
-mil
lim
eter
Ast
rono
my
Mis
sion
sA
stro
phys
ics
Div
isio
n -
•S
ub-m
illi
met
er H
eter
odyn
e R
ecei
vers
: Dev
elop
rob
ust,
spac
e-qu
alif
iabl
ehe
tero
dyne
tech
nolo
gy f
or e
xten
sion
into
the
terr
aher
hz r
egim
e, in
crea
sed
sens
itivi
ty a
nd a
rray
app
licat
ions
-L
ocal
osc
illat
or p
ower
of
50 m
icro
wat
ts to
20
mW
for
200
GH
z to
1 T
Hz
-M
ixer
s w
ith n
oise
per
form
ance
< 1
0 x
quan
tum
lim
it >
600 G
Hz
to 3
TH
z
-L
ow p
ower
, sm
alle
r si
ze, l
arge
r ba
ndw
idth
spe
ctro
met
er c
once
pts
for
spac
e
-Fo
cal p
lane
arr
ays
cove
ring
100
GH
z to
2 T
Hz
•S
ub-m
illi
met
er A
pert
ures
: Dev
elop
larg
e, p
reci
se li
ghtw
eigh
t seg
men
ted
aper
ture
s up
to 3
0 m
in d
iam
eter
with
exc
elle
nt th
erm
al c
hara
cter
istic
s -
NA
SAO
AE
T P
reci
sion
Seg
men
ted
Ref
lect
or (
PSR
) pr
ogra
m
•O
ther
s:
-Sp
ace
cool
er a
nd c
ryog
enic
tech
nolo
gy -
to s
uppo
rt lo
ng d
urat
ion
mis
sion
s
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ymp/
MSK
/2-2
3-91
NA
SA
Co
mm
en
ts &
Su
mm
ary A
stro
phys
ics
Div
isio
n
Rel
ease
of
Aug
ustin
e re
port
has
cau
sed
new
em
phas
ison
spa
ce s
cien
ce w
ithin
NA
SA
•W
e w
ill s
ee a
rev
olut
ion
in s
pace
ast
rono
my
over
the
next
dec
ade
•N
ASA
has
am
biti
ous
plan
s to
exp
lore
the
univ
erse
insu
b-m
illim
eter
por
tion
of th
e el
ectr
omag
netic
spe
ctru
m
•T
hese
mis
sion
s ar
e en
able
d w
ith
the
deve
lopm
ent o
fne
w s
ub-m
illim
eter
wav
e te
chno
logy
•E
xciti
ng ti
mes
for
sub
-mill
imet
er w
ave
astr
onom
y ar
ear
ound
the
corn
er!!
Ter
rahe
rtz
Tec
h. S
ymp/
MS
K/2
-23-
91