Miguel de la Torre REE Wind Integration in the Spanish ... Energy Integration in the Spanish Electric System and the CECRE Abril 2007 Dirección de Operación April 20th 2009 the Spanish

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA


Wind Energy Integration in

Wind Energy Integration in the Spanish Electric System and the CECRE

Abril 2007

Dirección de Operación

April 20th 2009

Integration in the Spanish Electric System and the CECRE

Index

Wind energy in Spain today

Integration of wind energy in the grid

Control centre for renewable energies (CECRE)

Conclusions and outlook into the future


Hydro-power19%

Nuclear9%

Coal13%

Fuel-Gas

Wind power18%

Rest special regime

13%

Combined cycle

Installed power in February 2009Technology MW %

Hydro-power 16.657 18,6

Nuclear 7.716 8,6

Coal 11.357 12,7

Fuel-Gas 3.585 4,0

Combined cycles 21.570 24,1

Total (ordinary regime) 60.885 67,9

Wind power generation 15.897 17,7

Rest of special regime 12.822 14,3

Wind Energy Integration in the Spanish Electric System and the CECRE 3 de 15

Fuel-Gas4%

cycle24%

Rest of special regime 12.822 14,3

Total (special regime) 28.719 2,1

Total 89.604Demand coverage in 2008

Special Regime includes solar PV, solar thermal, biomass, CHP, mini-hydro, waste treatment…

Hydro-power

7%

Nuclear21%

Coal16%Fuel-Gas

1%

Combined cycle32%

Wind power11%

Rest special regime

12%


Installed Power Special Regime Tecnology MW %

Wind 15.897 55,4

Solar 3.106 10,8

Other Renewables 2.506 8,7

Cogeneration 6.166 21,5

Waste-Treatment 546 1,9

Solid Urban Waste 498 1,7

Total Special Regime 28.719

Wind57.9%

Solar

Other RES9.1%

Cogeneration22.6%

Waste-Treat.2.0%

SUR1.8%


Energy produced in 2008 Tecnology GWh %

Wind 31.135 46,8

Solar 1.982 3,0

Other Renewables 9.459 14,2

Cogeneration 18.972 28,5

Waste-Treatment 2.789 4,2

Solid Urban Waste 2.241 3,4

Total Special Regime 66.578

Solar6.6%

Wind46.8%

Solar3.0%

Other RES14.2%

Cogeneration28.5%

Waste-Treat.4.2%

SUR3.4%

Source CNE January 2009.


Installed Wind power generation evolution 1996-2008

15,576

9,653

8,304

6,138

4,927

11,099

13,908

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

MW

Present wind power capacity and evolution


4,927

3,442

2,2981,525

798428183

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

❑ Renewable Energies’ Plan for Spain (August 2005): ~ 20,000 MW by the year 2010.

❑ Official Network Planning for 2016 contemplates ~29 ,000 MW.

❑ Further increase expected for compliance with propo sed EC initiatives (20% of primary energy must come from renewables).


15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

MW

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

Wind energy production records

MAXIMUM PRODUCTION DEMAND vs. WIND PRODUCTION

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

50.00%


0

5000

10000

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:000:00

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

Wind Production Demand Wind Production/Demand

❍ Maximum production: 11.203 MW (05/03/2009)

❍ Minimum production in one year: 204 MW (30/05/2008)

❍ Wind production peak : 10.273 MW

❍ Demand peak: 39.656 MW

❍ 43% of demand coverage by wind energy

0

5,000

10,000

00:0

001

:00

02:0

003

:00

04:0

005

:00

06:0

007

:00

08:0

009

:00

10:0

011

:00

12:0

013

:00

14:0

015

:00

16:0

017

:00

18:0

019

:00

20:0

021

:00

22:0

023

:00

00:0

0

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

Wind Production 24/11/2008 Demand 24/11/2008 Wind Prod./Demand


Wind generation tripping due to voltage dips.


� The voltage dip which would be generated by a three -phase dead fault in some 400 kV substations affects most of the system.

� From January 1st 2008 all new wind facilities must comply with PO 12.3. Of the parks that were on-line prior to this date 8 40 0 MW have been also certified.

� Still 2 700 MW of installed wind turbines have no f ault-ride-through capabilities for faults shorter than 100ms and volt ages lower than 85% p.u.


Impact of forecast errors in the demand coverageWind Production Forecast Errors D-1 h12

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

MW

-630 MW

Wind Production Forecast Errors H-5

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

MW

-570 MW


-3000

-2000

-10000% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%-630 MW

❑ In D-1 at hour 12 when the daily congestion managem ent studies are conducted there is a 15% possibility that wind production is 630 MW lower than predicted.

❑ Within start-up time of thermal power units (5 hour s in advance) there is still a 15% possibility that wind production is 570 MW lower th an predicted.

❑ Reserves are checked within these time scopes and t he uncertainties must be translated into further running reserves. Additiona l thermal groups might be needed to guarantee demand coverage.

-3000

-2000

-10000% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%


Control Centre for Renewable Energies (CECRE)

❑ Target: achieve a greater level of integration for renewabl e energysources without compromising system security.

❑ Coordinate, control and supervise all generation units by m eans ofgrouping them in Control Centres (RESCC) which would be the e ntitiesin charge of switching operations in the facilities.

❑ Change zone simultaneous production hypothesis and prevent ivecriteria (conservative) by real-time production control a nd thereforeallowing :


allowing :� Higher energy production


CECRE: functional scheme

CECRE is a control centre devoted to special regime generation and specially to Wind Power:

� Integrated in REE’s control structure

� Communication with generation Control Centres for supervision and control instructions.

CECOEL / CECORE

CECRE


Link and telecommand

� According to RD661/2007 all special regime facilities >10 MW must be connected to a RESCC.

� CECRE issues generation limitations through the SCADA system to the Control Centres.

RESCC: Renewable Energy Source Control Centre

CCCONV: Control Centre for conventional generation

RESCCnRESCC1CCCONV …


Iccp

Lin

k



CECRE can also issue set-points automatically

Calculated Set pointsSet points

❑ CECRE checks with the application GEMAS if with the real-tim e wind scenariothe System is safe due to voltage dips or congestions.

❑ If not, wind generation set-points are calculated.❑ Presently only done for wind generation, but a similar metho dology can also be

applied for all renewable energy sources.


CECRE GEMAS

Real time measurements

20 minutes calculation frequency

RESCC1 RESCCn…

GEMAS: Generación Eólica Máxima Admisible en el Sistema

RESCC: Renewable Energy Source Control Centre


Some days forecast errors affect System Operation❑ On the morning of Sunday November 2nd at 8:00 h wit h one of the lowest demands of the

year (~20 000 MW), wind prediction error hit 3 200 MW.❑ Increase in error from 5:00 to 7:00 h too big to ha ve time to shut down thermal plants.❑ Spanish system ran out of downward reserves very ra pidly and the only solution to

balance the system was to decrease wind production from 7:22 to 9:00 h.

25000

30000

10000

12000

Win

d P

rodu

ctio

n in

MW


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0

2000

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6000

8000

Win

d P

rodu

ctio

n in

MW

Time 02/11/2008

Wind Forecast

Real Production

Market program

Consumption


Conclusions

❑ Wind energy in Spain has reached high penetration l evels and these levels will continue to rise for several years.

❑ Control and supervision of special regime generatio n needed since it is already a large portion of the Spanish generation m ix.

❑ RESCC and the CECRE improve the integration of spec ial regime generation in the System Operation making these tec hnology compatible with security of supply.


compatible with security of supply.❑ Better and safer integration means that more renewa ble energy may be

installed at the same risk level.❑ CECRE and GEMAS provide a fast and automatic way of curtailment in

case of emergency maximizing generation while keepin g the system safe.


Outlook into the future

❑ Challenges 2011: 20 000 MW wind installed capacity:❍ Balance feasibility in off-peak hours could be an i ssue now.❍ Voltage control: more nodes will need to have modif ied power factors.❍ Voltage dip trippings should no longer be a problem due to compliance with

the grid code.


❑ Challenges beyond 2011: up to 40 000 MW wind instal led capacity. Safe integration will depend on several factors:❍ Capability both technical and economical for wind g eneration to provide

frequency control.❍ Voltage control with set-points issued by the CECRE .❍ Amount of storage such as hydro-pump units and very fast thermal plants.❍ Correlation between wind and solar production.❍ Evolution of wind forecast.❍ Flexible market mechanisms and international exchan ge capacity.


Thanks for your attention!


Documents

Miguel de la Torre REE Wind Integration in the Spanish ... Energy Integration in the Spanish Electric System and the CECRE Abril 2007 Dirección de Operación April 20th 2009 the Spanish