Name

Midterm Study GuideBioSci

The Basics (Chapter 1)Biology1. Biology is the study of _______Living organisms___________________________.

Metric System2. Fill in the chart to identify the basic units in the metric system

To measure… Use…Length Meters

Volume Liters

Mass Grams

Scientific Method3. Complete each step of the Scientific Method below:

a) State __the question_____or make an ____observation_______________

b) Gather__background information___________________________

c) Form _____Hypothesis_____________________________________

d) Test _______Hypothesis_______________________________

e) Collect and analyze ____Data______________________________

f) Draw ______Conclusion______________________________

*Retest the hypothesis*

4. What is a hypothesis? A possible, testable, explanation 5. When is a conclusion made? At the end of your experiment

6. Why do scientists use controlled experiments? So they have something to compare it to

**ONE Variable at a time!!!**

Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.

7. Based on the experiment above, identify:

*Manipulated variable or independent variable -_____Coconut Juice___________________

*Responding variable or dependent variable-______Appearance of Slime____________

*Controlled variables – _________Side sprayed with water____________________________

*Hypothesis-(if, then statement) ___If the shower is sprayed with coconut juice, then it will get rid of the slime_______

8. There are two types of data to collect: quantitative and qualitative (numbers/amounts) (descriptions)

Use the graph to the right to answer the next three questions.

9. The manipulated/independent variable: Month

10. The responding/dependent variable:Number of critters

11. What can you conclude based on this data?

There is an increase in critters in the spring months

The MicroscopeUse the word bank to label the parts of the microscope.

Coarse adjustment Light source Stage clipsFine adjustment Objective lens EyepieceArm Base

Chemistry! (Chapter 3)

34. What is an enzyme? Speeds up the reaction 35. How can you recognize an enzyme? Ends in “ase”

Acids and Bases

41. Bases contain Hydroxide OH- ions

42. Acids contain Hydrogen H + ions

ACID BASE H+ > OH- Neutral H+ < OH-

pH _0___ to pH_6.9____ pH __7____ pH _7.1____ to pH _14_____

43. What does a buffer do?Balances out the pH.Organic vs. Inorganic (molecules, not food)

44. Organic molecules/substances contain the element __Carbon___ (SUPER IMPORTANT!)45. One exception: CO 2

46. Organic compounds can form Polymers (like how letters get organized into words)

47. The six most abundant elements found in all living organisms

Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur

48. Fill in the table below with descriptions and examples of the four organic biological compounds of life:

Compound Description/Job Examples

CarbohydratesContain C, H, and O; end in –ose; necessary for energy; can be used for structure

Breads, Grains, Starch, Fruit, Sugar

LipidsWaxy, oily; store energy, protect

organs, help nervous systemButter, Milk, Oil

Proteins

For structure, storage, transport, enzymes, defense; made of amino acids Muscle, Enzymes, Hair, Steak

Nucleic AcidsUsed to transmit genetic information DNA, RNA

49. What are some differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?Saturated fats come from animals, have SINGLE bonds, are solid at room temperature, and are considered “bad

fats.” Unsaturated fats are oils, have DOUBLE bonds, generally liquid at room temperature, and are considered

“good fats.”

50. Make bigger organic molecules through _Dehydration Synthesis _____

--removing _Water______ to join molecules together

51. Make smaller organic molecules through __Hydrolysis ________

--adding _Water______________ to break molecules apart

Cells (Chapter 5)

52. Be able to identify and label the organelles and structures in a plant cell

53. Which organelles are only foundin plant cells?

_Chloroplasts, Cell wall, large vacuole_

54. Know the function of the following organelles:

o Cell Membrane Protects and supports cells

Semi-permeable--regulates the flow of substances in/out of cell

Made up of a phospholipid _bilayer (hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic Head )

Proteins and Carbohydrates also play a role

o Cell Wall Provides structure and protection____ for a PLANT cell

Made up of Cellulose________

Surrounds cell membrane

o Nucleus Information center of the cell

Contains genetic information (DNA)___

Nucleolus--only function is to make _Ribosomes_________

o Cytoplasm Jelly like substance that contains the organelles

o Mitochondria Provides _Energy________ for cells

o Chloroplast Traps sunlight to make energy (Food) for plants___

Found in __Plants____ ONLY

o Ribosome Make _Proteins______________

o Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough--synthesize proteins Smooth--detoxify cells and makes ________________

o Golgi Apparatus Collect, modify, package and distribute Proteins_________

o Lysosomes Break down things in cell (food, invaders, old organelles)

Movement Through the Cell Membrane (selectively permeable)

55. Types of Passive transport – does not require energya) __Diffusion_______________

b) __Osmosis_______________

c) ___Facilitated Diffusion

56. Types of Active transport – requires energy

a) ___Membrane pumps_

b) __Endocytosis_______

c) __Exocytosis____________________

Know the difference between:

57. Hypertonic: ______Moving out of the cell________

58. Hypotonic: ____Moving into the cell _______

59. Isotonic: ____Equal amount _________

60. Diffusion: molecules move from an area of _High____ concentration to an area of _Low___ concentration

*NO ENERGY REQUIRED

61. Osmosis: movement of _water____ molecules through a selectively permeable membrane--water moves from an area of High water concentration (low solute

concentration) to an area of Low water concentration (high solute concentration)

*NO ENERGY REQUIRED

62. Facilitated Diffusion: use of a helper protein to move _Large_______ molecules across the membrane

*NO ENERGY NEEDED

High Concentration

Low Concentration 63. Active Transport: allows materials to move from an area of _Low__ concentration to _High_____concentration

***REQUIRES ENERGY***

GOING IN

Endocytosis

64. _Phagocytosis_____—large particle is engulfed by membrane and brought into cell

65. Pinocytosis--__Smaller particles brought into the cell membrane ____

GOING OUT Exocytosis

--substances released by the membrane out of the cell

66. Explain what is happening in this diagram:

Water is moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

67. Use the picture below to describe how a cell is like a city. Name at least 6 cell parts in your description.

Water Tower: Central VacuolePost office: Golgi apparatusPower Plant: MitochondriaSolar Plant: ChloroplastTown Hall: NucleusProcessing and Shipping: Endoplasmic ReticulumStreet Cleaners: LysosomesCity Boundaries: Cell MembraneConcrete wall of impenetrability: Cell Wall

Chapter 6 68. Photosynthesis: ___Using light energy to make glucose and oxygen ______

69. --occurs in the ___Chloroplast_____________________________

KNOW THE FORMULA!!!!!

70. Light Dependent Reaction:

--takes place in the _Thylakoid membrane____

71. Light Independent Reaction:

--takes place in the __Stroma__________

72. A pigment is: Reflects wavelengths of light

73. What are the only three things that are required to complete a light independent reaction?CO2, ATP, NADPH

74. In the light dependent reaction, how to the electrons travel from photosystem II to photosystem I?

Electron Transport System

(reactants) (products)

H2O CO2 Light C6H12O6O2

78. Use the data table to draw a line graph. Make sure the numbers you use are consistent!! Include all labels!!

Temperature of Syrup

Time

Temperature (0C)

Title: Temperature of Syrup over an hour