MIDTERM REVIEWCHAPTERS 2 - 9

MUSCULOSKELETAL

• WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF BONE CELLS?

• WHAT ARE THEIR FUNCTIONS?

• WHAT ARE THE MAJOR BONES IN THE BODY?

• WHAT ARE THE MAJOR FEATURES OF BONE? IE: FOSSA, CREST, PROCESS ETC.

• WHAT IS THE NAME OF A DOCTOR SPECIALIZING IN THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM?

• HOW WOULD THIS DOCTOR SEE INSIDE A JOINT?

SKELETAL

VERTEBRAL SLIPPING

TISSUE TYPES

• WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES?

• WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THOSE TISSUES?

• WHERE WOULD YOU FIND EACH OF THESE TISSUES?

MUSCLE

• FORMED FROM MUSCLE FIBERS

• PRODUCES MOVEMENT IN THE BODY

• SKELETAL MUSCLE IS ATTACHED TO BONE AND IS CONSCIOUSLY CONTROLLED

• CARDIAC MUSCLE IS IN THE HEART ONLY

• SMOOTH MUSCLE IS FOUND IN INTERNAL ORGANS SUCH AS THE GI TRACT AND GLANDS

EPITHELIAL

• CLOSE-PACKED CELLS FROM COVERINGS FOR AND LINING OF BODY STRUCTURES, THEY LINE ANATOMICAL CAVITIES

• PROTECTIVE BARRIER

• ABSORBS SUBSTANCES

• SECRETES SUBSTANCES, VERY METABOLICALLY ACTIVE

• EXCRETES WASTES

CONNECTIVE

• SUPPORTS AND PROTECTS BODY STRUCTURES

• MANY DIFFERENT FORMS TO PERFORM DIFFERENT TASKS

• BONE – STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

• CARTILAGE – SHOCK ABSORBER IN JOINTS

• ADIPOSE – PROTECTIVE PADDING

• TENDONS – CONNECTS SKELETAL MUSCLE TO BONE

• BLOOD IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE

NERVOUS

• COMPOSED OF NEURONS

• CONDUCTS ELECTRICAL IMPULSES

• BRAIN, SPINAL CORD AND NERVES

DIRECTIONS• WHICH WORDS DO WE USE TO DESCRIBE:

• TOWARD THE HEAD, AXIAL

• TOWARD THE TAIL, AXIAL

• TOWARD THE ROOTS OF THE APPENDAGES

• AWAY FROM THE ROOTS OF THE APPENDAGES

• TOWARD THE MIDLINE

• AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE

• CLOSER TO A SURFACE, BELOW A SURFACE

• TOWARD THE FRONT, BACK

CAVITIES

• WHAT ARE THE ROOT WORDS FOR THE CAVITIES?

• THORAC/O

• ABDOMIN/O

• CRANI/O CEPHAL/O

• OT/O

• OR/O

• NAS/O

• PELV/O

SURFACE ANATOMY

ORGANS/ORGAN SYSTEMS• WHAT IS THE ROOT FOR INTERNAL ORGAN?

• NAME THE 11 ORGAN SYSTEMS AND THE ORGANS WITHIN THEM. OH NO!

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

• WHAT ARE CONSIDERED ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE SKIN?

• WHAT IS THE ROOT WHICH MEANS TO SECRETE?

• WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN?

• PROTECTION, HOUSE SENSORY RECEPTORS, TEMPERATURE REGULATION

PREFIXES, SUFFIXES

SPELLING

CONDITIONS

CARDIOVASCULAR

• BE ABLE TO TRACE A DROP OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART STARTING AT THE IVC AND SVC

• BE ABLE TO TRACE THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY THROUGH THE HEART FROM THE BRAIN

• NAME THE MAIN PARTS OF THE CVS

• WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS?

• UNDERSTAND THAT THE CVS TRANSPORTS CO2 TO THE LUNGS AND METABOLIC WASTE TO THE KIDNEYS AND LIVER

• THE OVERALL FUNCTION OF THE CVS

TERMS

• PERICARDIUM, EPICARDIUM, ENDOCARDIUM, MYOCARDIUM

• KNOW THE VALVES

• -SCLEROSIS

• -STENOSIS

• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN, ANGIOSCLEROSIS, ARTERIOSCLEROSOS, ARTERIOSTENOSIS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS

• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN: ANGIOGRAM, HEMANGIOGRAPHY, ARTERIOGRAPHY AND ANGIOGRAPHY

TERMS

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• EXPLAIN THE PARTS AND FUNCTION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• FUNCTIONS OF THE SPLEEN

IMMUNE SYSTEM

• WHAT IS THE IMMUNE RESPONSE?

• EXPOSURE TO A PATHOGEN PHAGOCYTOSIS OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS STIMULATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS TO DESTROY PATHOGENS

BLOOD, AND DISORDERS

• WHAT IS WHOLE BLOOD AND WHAT ARE IT’S CONSTITUENTS?

• DISTINGUISH THE FOLLOWING FROM EACH OTHER:

• PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, THALASSEMIA AND IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

• PERNICIOUS ANEMIA IS A TYPE OF VITAMIN B12 ANEMIA. THE BODY NEEDS VITAMIN B12 TO MAKE RED BLOOD CELLS.

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

• HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IS A CONDITION THAT INVOLVES ONLY THE RED BLOOD CELLS. WHEN OLD RED BLOOD CELLS DIE, THE BONE MARROW PRODUCES NEW ONES TO MAINTAIN BALANCE. HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA OCCURS WHEN RED BLOOD CELLS DIE SOONER THAN THE BONE MARROW CAN PRODUCE THEM. THE SCIENTIFIC TERM FOR RED BLOOD CELL DESTRUCTION IS HEMOLYSIS

THALASSEMIA

• THALASSEMIA (BRITISH ENGLISH: THALASSAEMIA) IS A FORM OF INHERITED AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE BLOOD DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY ABNORMAL FORMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN.

IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

• IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IS A COMMON TYPE OF ANEMIA — A CONDITION IN WHICH BLOOD LACKS ADEQUATE HEALTHY RED BLOOD CELLS. RED BLOOD CELLS CARRY OXYGEN TO THE BODY'S TISSUES.

• AS THE NAME IMPLIES, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IS DUE TO INSUFFICIENT IRON. WITHOUT ENOUGH IRON, YOUR BODY CAN'T PRODUCE ENOUGH OF A SUBSTANCE IN RED BLOOD CELLS THAT ENABLES THEM TO CARRY OXYGEN (HEMOGLOBIN). AS A RESULT, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA MAY LEAVE YOU TIRED AND SHORT OF BREATH.

APLASTIC ANEMIA

• APLASTIC ANEMIA IS A CONDITION THAT OCCURS WHEN YOUR BODY STOPS PRODUCING ENOUGH NEW BLOOD CELLS. APLASTIC ANEMIA LEAVES YOU FEELING FATIGUED AND WITH A HIGHER RISK OF INFECTIONS AND UNCONTROLLED BLEEDING.

• A RARE AND SERIOUS CONDITION, APLASTIC ANEMIA CAN DEVELOP AT ANY AGE. APLASTIC ANEMIA MAY OCCUR SUDDENLY, OR IT CAN OCCUR SLOWLY AND GET WORSE OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME.

HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA

• HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA IS A GENERIC TERM FOR ANY TYPE OF ANEMIA IN WHICH THE RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES) ARE PALER THAN NORMAL.

INHERITED BLOOD DISORDERS

• THALASSEMIA, SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, HEMOPHILIA

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• NAME ALL STRUCTURES IN (IN ORDER) THIS SYSTEM AND THEIR “ROOT” WORDS?

• WHAT ARE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RESPIRATION?

• WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE NASAL CAVITY? INCLUDE CILIA!

• WHAT ARE: INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

• EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

• TIDAL VOLUME

• RESIDUAL VOLUME

WHAT ARE VITAL SIGNS?

TERMS

• -DYNIA

• -ALGIA

• -IT IS

• -ECTOMY

• THORAC/O

• PLEUR/O

STUDIES

• WHAT DO THE FOLLOWING MEAN?

• OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIST

• OTONASOLARYNGOLOGY

• OTONASOPHARYNGOLOGY

• OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

CONDITIONS

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• YOU GOT IT. NAME ALL STRUCTURES FROM BEGINNING TO END

TERMS

PHYSIO

• SECRETIONS OF:

• STOMACH

• PANCREAS

• LIVER

URINARY SYSTEM

• ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

• FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH KIDNEYS

• FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH NEPHRON

• PARTS OF A NEPHRON

TERMS

• HEMATURIA

• UREMIA

• PYURIA

• ANURIA

• MEAT/O

• GLYCOS/O

• PYEL/O

• GLOMERAL/O