Midterm on Drugs

8/12/2019 Midterm on Drugs

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DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE-CONTROL

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. DRUGSany substance that is either natural or synthetic that stimulates depresses or irritates specialized cells. It isany substance that brought about physical, psychological and behavioral change to the person taking it.

2. DRUG ABUSEit is the use of drug contrary to its use.3. DRUG ADDICTION it is the state of chronic or periodic intoxication detrimental to the individual and society at

large produced by repeated drug consumption.4. DRUG DEPENDENCEit is the state of psychic or physical dependence or both on dangerous drug arising in a person

following administration or use of that drug in a periodic or continuous basis.

Kinds of Drug Dependence:

Physical Dependence it is a condition in which the body has adjusted to the presence of a drugresulting in clear symptoms of withdrawal when its use stops.

Psychological Dependence it is characterized by emotional and mental preoccupation with the drugeffects and by a persistent craving for it.

5. DESIGNER DRUGit is the analog drug in which a molecular structure of the certain illegal drug is modified, changein such a manner as to become 100 times stronger that the drugs they design to imitate and the effect depend upon

the drug they are designed.

6. DRUG EXPERIMENTER refers to those who wrongfully, illegally and improperly use any drugs for reason ofcuriosity, peer pressure or other similar reasons.

7. ABSTINENCEit is the cessation of use of psychoactive substance previously abuse on or which the users developdrug dependence.

8. NATURAL DRUGcan be found in animal and plants.9. OVERDOSE it is the excessive and inadvertent or deliberate consumption of a much larger dose than tha

habitually use by an individual ingestion and resulting in serious toxic reaction or death.

10.PHARMACOLOGYit is the science of drug preparation, uses and effects.11.POLY DRUG USEthe use of two or more psychoactive drug and abuse of taking all sorts of drug at the same time.12.POTENTIATIONthe use of any other substance to maximize the effect of the drug.13.DRUG REHABILITATION it is the term used for the processes of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment of a

person.

14.RELAPSEthe recurrence of using alcohol.15.SYNTHETIC DRUGit is the drug that is artificially prepared with the use of chemicals.16.TOLERANCEit is the adding concentration of the drug.17.WITHDRAWAL PERIODit is the point of drug dependence up to the point of gradually or totally deprived of drugs.18.WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMEit is being experienced by the person who undergoes dosage reduction.PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

1. STIMULANTit is a psychoactive drug which induces temporary improvements in either mental or physical functionor both. It is also known as UPPERS that affects the central nervous system. Its possible results are alertness

wakefulness, locomotion, and excitation.

a) METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (SHABU)stimulates and alerts the body. It is referred to as POORMANS COCAINEbecause it is cheap.

- It is the first synthetic stimulant drug developed by the Japanese, originally called as KAKUZEIZAI, aJapanese term which means KAKUZEI wakingand ZAI drugs.

- It is white colorless drug that is bitter and results into a numb ling face.- It is can be inhaled, injected, or orally takenintravenously or muscular


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Immediate Effects:1) Produces anxiety, irritability, irrational behavior, talkativeness and loss of self-control2) Loss of appetite and inability to sleep3) Produces violent and destructive behavior and recklessness4) Produces chest pain, irregularity of heart beat and hypertension

Long Term Effects:1) Psychosis2) Convulsion3) Death from cardiac arrest

b) COCAINEit is odorless white crystalline powder also known as COKE, SNOW, FLAKE, WHITE, BLOW, NOSECANDY, SNOWBIRD, LADYand BIG C.

- most popularly known as KINGS HABITbecause it is expensive.- It has been structured in 1814 from Brazilian Coca LeavesErythroxylon Coca that is medically used

in tropical, local and anesthetic.

- When ingested, the person becomes high for 15-30 minutes.- When injected, the person becomes high for 45-90 minutes- It can be also applied to sex organ during sexual intercourse. Kinds of Cocaine

1) Cocaine Hydrochloricit is an odorless fine white crystalline that is most readily availableformed which is medically used as anesthetic.

2) Street or Rockit is the large pieces of cocaine hydrochloride.3) Free Baseit is the purified substance of rocks that is strongly addictive cocaine.4) Coca Paste it is a crude product smoke used in South America, considered as the most

dangerous drug because it has contaminants such as kerosene.

Immediate Effects:1) Dilated pupils2) Elevated blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature3) Euphoric effect or light feeling4) Feeling of being energetic and alert5) Loss of appetite and slurred speech

Long term Effects:1) Psychosis2) Lung damage3) Occasional or runny nose4) Ulcerate the mucous membrane of the nose5) Confusion

c) METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) it is a designer drug, also known as ECSTACY, PARTYDRUGor X.

Immediate Effects:1) Euphoria2) Feeling energetic and hyperactive3) Sense of well being

Long Term Effects:1) Brain damages2) Hard complication3) Death


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2. DEPRESSANTS it depresses and weakens the body. It is also known as DOWNERS, HYPNOTIC DRUG andSEDATIVESthat affects the central nervous system.

a) BARBITURATES- 1863 Adolph Von Baeyersynthesized malonyl carbonide known as BARBITUTIC ACID- 1903 Emil Fisher and Joseph Bon Mering synthesized di-ethyl barbituric acid compound with

hypnotic qualities known as BARBITONE that comes form eurea and malonic acid that is marketed

on the trade name of VERONALthat comes in the form of tablet and capsule.

Commonly Abused Barbiturates:1) Pento Barbital Sodium it is a solid yellow capsule form known by abusers as YELLOW

JACKETSor NIMIES.

2) Seco Barbital Sodiumit is a red capsule form known by abusers as REDS, RED BIRDS, REDDEVILand SEGGY.

3) Amo Barbital Sodium it is a blue capsule form known by abusers as BLUE BIRDS, BLUEDEVILand BLUE HEAVENS.

4) Amo Barbital Sodium combined with Seco Barbital Sodiumit is red and blue capsule formknown as RAINBOWS, RED & BLUEand DOUBLE TROUBLE.

Symptoms of Abuse:1) Drunkenness without alcoholic threats2) Slurred speech3) Impaired judgment4) Stagery5) Altered perception and coordination

Immediate Effects:1) Psychological and physical dependence2) Unconsciousness3) Tuberculosis4) Death from withdrawal and overdose

b) METAQUALONEknown as TABLET or MAXand CAPSULE or BLUE.- It is used to induce sleep which is bitter in taste and odorless that is taken orally. Local Terms:

1) Korta;2) Ekis3) Kulit4) Pety5) Yanga

Symptoms of Abuse:1) Drunkenness without alcoholic threats2) Cloudy thinking3) Staggering4) Loss of appetite5) Numbness of body

Immediate Effects:1) Psychological dependence2) Proneness to accident due to intoxicant


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3. HALLUCINOGENSit affects the way we think, the sensation, self-awareness and emotions that causes hallucinatioand delusions to the person taking drugs. It is also known as PSYCHEDELICS and DISSOCIATIVES that affects the

central nervous system.

a) MARIJUANAmost popularly known as 5 FINGERS, GRASS, TUNGKI, GANJA, BHANG, DAMO, MARY JANEACAPULCO GOLD

- All parts of the plants whether growing or not the seeds thereof, the resin extracted from any partsof such plant every compound salt derivative, mixture or preparation of such plant.

- It scientific name is Cannabis Sativa Linn Major Components:

1) Tetra Hydro Cannabenol it is purple and most active alkaloid and one causinghallucinogenic effect.

2) Cannabenolit is red and physiologically inactive.3) Cannabidiolit is pink and physiologically inactive.

Forms of Marijuana1) Marijuana Joints or Cigarettescame from dried leaves, tops and most available form o

marijuana.

2) Hashish or Hash it is the resin extracted of the plant usually granular or solid chunky inform ranging from mustardy yellow to dark brown. It is stronger than crude marijuana and

maybe smoked or eaten.

3) Hashish Oil it is the highest form of marijuana that is not usually available because it isexpensive. Is it brown in color and considered as concentrated cannabis.

Immediate Effects:1) Faster heartbeat and pulse rate2) Blood shut eyes3) Dry mouth and throat4) Altered sense of time and disorientation5) Forgetfulness6) Inability for coordination and lower reflexes

Long Term Effects:1) Chest pain2) Irregularity of menstrual cycle3) Temporary loss of fertility of both sexes4) Premature babies and low birth weights5) Cancer of the lungs

b) LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)it is the most powerful of all hallucinogens that is 100 times strongethan cocaine or peyote. It came from the Rye Ergot or cereal fungus that is odorless, colorless, tasteles

organic compound.

- It became popular during 60s 70s as the height of the hippies culture.- It can be orally injected or liquid drop in the eyes. Immediate Effects:

1) Cause hallucinations and trans-like stage2) Dilated pupils, elevated temperature and tremors3) Increase in blood pressure and heart rate4) Sweating, chills and trembling of hands5) Distortion of perception

Long Term Effects:


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1) Psychological dependence2) Psychosis3) Promosumal damage

c) MESCALINEtrimethoxyphenethyiomine- It is the primary ingredients of peyote cactus in plants known as as Lophophora William Si in US and

Mexico.

- Also known as BUTTONS, CACTUS, MESC- Used by American Indians in inter-religious ceremonies.- When it is consumed in 350500mg, it will produce delusion and hallucination for 5-12 hours.- Can be ingested or taken orally, chewed or placed in capsule and even brewed in tea. Immediate Effect:

1) Induces sense of well being2) Visions in color3) Hallucination or trans-like

Long Term Effects:1) Psychological dependence

d) PSILOCYN and PSILOCYBINcame from Mexico PSILOCYBE mushroom.- Known as MAJIC MUSHROOM that is use in Indian rites for centuries- Usually chewed and swallowed- When consumed with 4-8 mg, it will last for 4-6 hours Immediate Effect:

4) Induces sense of well being5) Visions in color6) Hallucination or trans-like

Long Term Effects:2) Psychological dependence

e) KETAMINEits chemical name is KETAMINE HYDROCHOLORIDE- Its common name are SPECIAL K or K- Use as human anesthetics- It is used as general anesthetic for children, people of poor health and veterinary medicine.- It is a liquid bought in pharmacy that is cooked into a powder or snorting.- Lower dosage will cause mild creamy feeling of numbness and extremities- High dosage will produce hallucinogenic effect and may cause the user very far from his body.- The experience will be called entering K hole- If snorted, effects comes to 5-10 minutes- If injected intramuscular, effects comes in 4 minutes, it can never be injected to the vein.- If ingested, can be feel within 10-20 minutes

f) MORNING GLORY KEEPERS or SEEDS commonly abuse because of its hallucinogenic effect that causedbehavioral changes having an active principal component of the seeds closely related with LSD.

4. NARCOTICSa drug that produces insensibility, stupor and produces sleep due to depressant effect.a) OPIUMderived from the plant opium poppy with botanical name PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM

- Also called as PARIGORIC, DOVERS POWDER, PAREPECTULIN- The word papaver comes from the Greek means poppy- The word somniferum comes from the Latin means dream or induce sleep - It is called as the plant of joy- It grows from 3-6 ft, roots and flowers of different colors


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- Greek physician Hippocrates prescribed juice of opium poppy as a treatment for sickness as early o500 BC

- It can be smoked or eaten- Opium is obtained by incision or cutting of blunt instrument either vertically or horizontally which

allows the milky juice to seep from the plant.

- Thee refined opium will turn into morphine.b) MORPHINEit is a derivative from opium

- It is a raw opium named after Mopphius (Greek)- Referred to as a dream for sleep- Also called as PECTORAL SYRUP and SWEET MORPHEOUS- It can be injected taken orally and even smoked- 10 kg of raw opium will produced 1kg of morphine- Small dosage will cause euphoria and tolerance rapidly

c) HEROINEit is another derivative from opium- Referred to as the strongest of all opium derivatives because it is sensitized from morphine- Derived from the word HERO- It suggest courage, daring and impressive power- Its chemical name is diacetyl morphine also known as smack, horse, brown sugar, junk, mud, bid H

Hab Tar

- It can be injected, inhaled through nasal passage or smoked) CODEINEit is a synthetic drug

- Another opium derived from morphine that is intended to cure morphine heroine opium addicts- It is widely use using to cup syrup a day- It can be taken orally or injected

e) METADONE or DEMORALit is known as DOLLY, DOLOPHINE, METHADOSE, AMIDONE- It is a synthetic opiates which synthesized medically to reduce heroin addiction- It is the most commonly abuse by hard core addicts

5. TRANQUILIZERS it has the ability to sedate or calm without producing sleep also known as SEDATIVESthat affectsthe central nervous system.

a) PHENOTHIAZINES and RESERPHINE it is considered as a potent tranquilizer but it does not causedependency. It is also anti-psychotic and a feeling being relief.

b) MOPROBOMATE and CHLODIAZEPOXIDEit is a minor tranquilizer and chronic abuse will lead to psychicand physical dependence

6. SOLVENTSit produces intoxication also known as DELIRIANTS.a) GLUEproduce dizziness, stupor, vomiting and unconsciousnessb) LIGHTER FLUIDinduce euphoriac) GASOLINEit is more toxic than lighter fluid but effects are the samed) ETHER it is the distilled or diluted alcohol and highly flammable. It is also difficult for users to obtained

produces symptoms of euphoria

CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

According to Effect

o Stimulanto Hallucinogensit is a mind altering drug and gives mood of distortiono Depressants


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Dangerous Drugbroad categories of controlled substances are pharmacological classification, effect and legalcriteria of drugs

According to Legal Categories

o RA 6425 Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972

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Midterm on Drugs