Midterm 3 Review Biology 105- Napa Valley College Instructor:
A. Ross
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Lectures included on MT #3 Skeletal Nervous 1, 2, and 3 Muscle
Endocrine
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Skeletal Outline I.Overview of the skeletal system II.Function
of bones III.Bone structure IV.Bone cells V.Cartilage VI.Tendons
and Ligaments VII.Joints VIII.Bone development IX.Hormonal
regulation of bone growth X.Homeostasis XI.Disorders of the
skeletal system
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Nervous I Outline I.Nervous system function II.Central and
peripheral nervous system III.Nervous system cells IV.Myelinated
neurons V.Nerve signal transmission VI.Nerve Synapse
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Nervous II Outline I.Central Nervous System vs Peripheral
Nervous System II.Peripheral Nervous System A.Autonomic Nervous
Systems B.Somatic Nervous Systems III.Autonomic Nervous System
A.Parasympathetic Nervous Systems B.Sympathetic Nervous Systems
IV.Reflex Actions V.Central Nervous System A.Protection of CNS
B.Spinal Cord C.Brain
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Nervous III Outline I.Senses II.Sensory receptors III.Touch
IV.Vision V.Hearing and balance VI.Smell
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Muscle Outline I.Characteristics of muscles II.Three types of
muscles III.Functions of muscles IV.Structure of skeletal muscles
V.Mechanics of muscle contraction VI.Energy source for muscle
contraction
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Endocrine Outline I.Function of Endocrine System II.Hormones
and Neurotransmitters III.Types of Hormones and their actions
IV.Endocrine glands/organs and hormones
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Skeletal Things To Know: Function of bones, cartilage,
ligaments and tendons Two layers of bone Compact and spongy
Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Osteon and Periosteum Processes involved in
growth, development and fracture repair Osteoblasts vs Osteoclasts
Regulation of bone growth by hormones Regulation of bone calcium
levels Role of cartilage Synovial joints, bursas and menisci
Disorders of the skeletal system and their treatments
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Nervous System Things To Know: Functions of the two divisions
of the nervous system (CNS and PNS) Cell types, parts of cells and
their functions Neurons, neuroglia, microglia, Schwann cells,
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes Cell body, axon, dendrite, synaptic
terminals Afferent vs Efferent Interneurons Sensory neurons-
function and location Motor neuron- function and location Function
of myelin Action potentials and electrophysiology- ions involved
etc.
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Nervous System Things To Know: Part 2 Autonomic vs Somatic-
function and role in the body Where in body? How do they function?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic- functions Reflexes Reflex arc, why
are reflexes important? Central nervous system Cerebrospinal fluid,
Blood brain barrier, spinal cord, brain Parts of the brain and
their functions Meninges 3 layers Diseases/ afflictions that affect
meninges and rest of Nervous system
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Nervous System Things To Know: Part 3 How sensory transduction
works for all senses Differences between types of sense receptors
Where located, what do they sense, how are they activated,
structure etc. Touch, vision, hearing, balance, smell and taste How
are the senses routed to the brain? Sensory adaptation Different
types of touch Which receptors are responsible? (6 different types
of receptor in the skin) Visual system Structure of the eye and
mechanics of visual transduction Rods and Cones
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Nervous Part 3 Continued Hearing Path of sound from external
environment to brain. Structure and function of all parts of the
outer, middle and inner ear Vestibular apparatus What does it do?
How does it function? Smell and Taste Pathway of sensory nerves?
(Smell is not through thalamus) Anatomy of smell and taste
receptors
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Muscle Things To Know: Be able to state the entire process of
skeletal muscle contraction Starting with the action potential in
the motor neuron, ending with movement. Ions in AP?
Neurotransmitter? Receptor? T-Tubules, Sacroplasmic reticulum, role
of Calcium, actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin Insertion and
Origin Structure/ anatomy of skeletal muscle Where is smooth muscle
located? Differences between skeletal and smooth muscle Cardiac
muscle Structure and function, gap junctions, intercalated
disks.
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Endocrine Things To Know: Differences between hormones and
neurotransmitters Local vs global, long vs short term etc. Which
hormones can cross plasma membrane and blood brain barrier Where
are hormones produced, how are they delivered? Pituitary and
hypothalamus (how are they involved)? Some examples: ADH, Oxytocin,
Testosterone, Estrogen, ACTH, Cortisol, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, Growth
Hormone, Insulin, T4 and T3, Calcitonin, Aldosterone, Disorders
arising from aberrant hormonal function Adrenal glands- hormones
released, function and disorders
