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MIDDLE-EAST
Haiman, Oman (20°N)
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/cgi-bin/data/composites/printpage.pl
Figure 5.14 and 7.6
MADAGASCAR
Toamasina (18°S)
MADAGASCAR
Toliara (23°S)
MARITIME CONTINENT-MALAYSIA
Kuala Lumpur (3°N)
RH for other months?
MIDLATITUDE CLIMATES
1. Dry subtropical 2. Moist subtropical3. Mediterranean4. Marine west-coast5. Dry midlatitude6. Moist continental
DRY SUBTROPICAL
• Low precipitation, great annual temperature range
•In: North and South Africa, Patagonia (South America), Southern Australia, North America (NW Mexico, SW US)
•Factor: subtropical highs
Patagonia, Argentina
MOIST SUBTROPICAL
•Abundant rainfall in summer and winter on eastern side of continents (more in summer)
•In: South America (limit Argentina, Uruguay and brazil), Southern China, Australia, SE of US
• Factors: •In summer: flow of warm and moist air onto eastern side of continents (mT air mass). •In winter: wave cyclones
Montevideo, Uruguay
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MEDITERRANEAN
• Wet winter and very dry summer (different from other climate types)•Factors: pole-ward movement of high pressure cells (Fig 5.14)during summer. Dry cT air mass dominates
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Athens, Greece
MARINE WEST-COAST
•Precipitation all months with maximum in winter•Small annual temperature range• Westerlies from ocean, mP air masses. When coast is mountainous: orographic effect•Summer: subtropical high pressure poleward less rainfall
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Bordeaux, France
DRY MIDLATITUDE•Very low precipitation•In: interior regions of North America and Eurasia•Factors: rain shadow of mountains, mP air mass is blocked cP dominates•Summer: convection rainfall
MOIST CONTINENTAL
•Precipitation all year, increases in summer. Strong annual cycle of temperature.•In: North America and Eurasia
•Factors: Polar front zone (mT ,cP, mP air masses interaction)•Summer: invade of mT•Winter: cP and cA air masses
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Krakow, Poland
Gobi Desert
HIGH LATITUDE CLIMATES
1. Boreal Forest2. Tundra3. Ice Sheet
BOREAL FOREST
• Long winters and short summers. Greatest annual range of temperature. Precipitation increases in summer but is generally low
• Regions with cP air mass and invasion of cA air mass• Summer: traveling wave cyclones
TUNDRA
• Long and severe winters. Short mild season
• cP, mP and cA air masses. Influence of ocean moderates cold temperatures in coast regions
ICE SHEET
• Lowest temperatures, no above 0°C• Greenland, Antartica, polar sea ice of Arctic Ocean• cA and cAA air masses
Vostok (78°S): Russian base in Antartica. One of if not the coldest place on Earth. Mean Temp: -67.0 F or –55.0°C
