Middle Ages and Islam

Agenda

• Bellringer (10 min)• Discuss Rome’s Fall (5 min)• Notes (30 min)• Black Death Map Analysis (10 min)• Stained Glass Windows (35 min)

• Everyday Bellringer Question

• Explain how the artifact you created/photographed/found is representative of one of the civilizations we studied yesterday.

Academic Vocabulary• Islam• Medieval Europe• Middle Ages• Feudalism• Crusades• Black Death• Hundred Years War• Great Schism• Magna Carta

The Fall of Rome

• When Rome fell, Western Europe became more chaotic and poorer.

• This time in history in known as the Middle Ages.

The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church

provided political and social order.

The Catholic Church provided schools and preserved knowledge from the Greeks and Romans.

The Church was often the most powerful institution in Medieval Europe.

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Feudalism

• Peasants (regular people)worked, paid taxes, and provided soldiers. In return, they received protection.

• Life for peasants was extremely difficult.

The Great Schism

• 1054 – Christianity splits into the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East.

Rome v. Avignon

Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215

King John IKing John I

“Great Charter”

monarchs were not above the law.

kings could not taxwithout a reason.

The Crusades• A series of wars between

Muslims and Christians that lasted from 1095 A.D. until 1291 A.D.

• The goal was to conquer the “Holy Land”.

• The wars increased hatred and distrust between Muslims and Christians.

The Hundred Years War

• French King Charles IV died in 1328 with no male heir.

• Two men attempted to claim the vacant throne– Edward III of England, son-in-

law of Charles IV– Philip of Valois, nephew of

Charles

• English armies attacked France

The Consequences of the Hundred Years War

• New weapons like cannons and arrows eliminated the need for knights.

• Feudalism started to go away because Kings became more powerful than the nobles.

Deaths

35% - 70% of European died.

25,000,000 dead (est.) !!!

The Black Death

• 1347-1351.

• The Black Death was spread by ticks on rats.

• The Black Death spread because of trade.

Effects of the Black Death

• Art became obsessed with death. Dark and filled with suffering.

• Religion became more important as people were searching for answers.

What is Islam?

• Islam is a monotheistic religion that began in Saudi Arabia.

• Islam means “submission to God”

• Islam is also a way of life.

Muhammad

Muslims believe and respect in all of the important figures from the Torah and Bible- Abraham, Moses, Jesus, etc.

The Prophet Muhammad (from Mecca), however, is their most important figure as he is seen as God’s last messenger, with his most important message.

The Spread of Islam

• Muhammad returned to Mecca in 628 and conquered the city in 629.

• Muhammad died in 632.

• By the year 650, his followers had conquered most of the Middle East.

Why did Islam spread so quickly?

• Islam provided a sense of unity for many Arabs.

• Muslim armies were better organized, armed, and motivated.

• Islamic laws were seen as an improvement of previous systems.

Map Analysis

• Recreate the map.

• Answer two questions.

1. Which parts of Europe were least affected by the Black Death?

2. Why do you think these parts of Europe were less affected?

Stained Glass Windows • In Europe, a large

percentage of the population was illiterate (can’t read or write).

• As a result, pictures were used to tell important stories and lessons.

• Your assignment is to create a stained glass window that teaches about one of today’s important topics: Christianity, Feudalism, Crusades, Black Death, Hundred Years War, Great Schism.

• Your window must have sections and all team members must contribute.

Examples of Stained Glass Windows

Examples of Stained Glass Windows

Examples of Stained Glass Windows