Middle Adult & Elderly

8/14/2019 Middle Adult & Elderly

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Health Promotion

forMiddle Adulthood &

Late Adulthood

PCU-MJCN

Class 2011


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AdolescentAdolescent

Physical

Psychological

Sociolo

gical

Environm

ental

Sexual/Gender

Spiritual


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Young AdultYoung Adult

Physical

Psychological

Sociolo

gical

Environm

ental

Sexual/Gender

Spiritual


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Middle AdultMiddle Adult

ElderlyElderly

Physical

Psychological

Sociolog

ical

Environm

ental

Sexual/Gender

Spiritual


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DEMOGRAPHICS

40 y/o 60 y/o Middle Adulthood

60 years and above Late

adulthoodAge & Sex distribution

Life expectancyLeading causes of Mortality and

Morbidity


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Theories of Aging

BiologicalGenetic Theory

Wear and Tear TheoryNeuriendocrine Theory

Free Radical Theory

Cross-Linkage Theory


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Theories of Aging

Sociological

Disengagement Theory

Activity TheoryContinuity Theory

Psychological

Human NeedsEvolving

Evolutionary Theory


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Body Changes

Decrease in boneand muscle mass

Decrease musclemass

Vertebral Cartilagehardens Bonedemineralization

Metatarsal Spread Decrease rate of

autonomic reflexes

Middle Adult Older Adult


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Neurological


Visual Changes

Presbyopia

Cataract development

Decreased visual acuity

Reduced adaptation todarkness and sensitivity to

glare.Increased dryness.

Auditory Changes

Presbycusis Significant hearing loss

Decreased ability to respondto multiple stimuli.

Insomnia


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Cardiovascular/hematologicMiddle Adult Older Adult

Cholesterol and low LDLincreases

Thickening of the wall of theleft ventricle. Decreasedcardiac otput.

Blood Pressure increases

Varicosity development


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Respiratory


Less elasticity oflung tissue but noloss of functioningunless smoker,respiratory illness.

Reduced overallefficiency ofventilatoryexchange.


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IntegumentaryLoss of elasticity causing

sagging and wrinkling

Decreased elasticity,

increased wrinkles andthinning

Vitiligo and age spotsdevelop

Spotty pigmentation fromsun exposure

Callus and corn formation Dry and scaly

Hair graying and hair loss Hair loss, graying of hair


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Gastrointestinal

Periodontal disease, tartarbuild-up common

Decreased salivarysecreations, decreasedsense of taste, absence ofteeth,

Slowed GI motility, reducedHCl acid and pepsinproduction

Slowed GI motility

Hemorrhoid formation

Development of lactoseintolerance


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Urinary

Gradual decline ofglomerular filtration rate

Reduced renal mass

Decreased bladder tone Decreased renal blood flow

and functioning

Decreased sphincter tone,especially in females

Prostatic enlargement


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Endocrine

Reduced thyroxine due todecreased metabolic rate

Reduced pancreatic

secretion of insulin


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Reproductive

Females

Diminished ovarian functionleading to menopause

Increased risk of breast &other reproductive cancers

Decreased vaginal wallelasticity and vaginal wallthinning.

Reduced lubrication

Males

Diminished size and firmnessof testes.

Reduced testosteroneproduction

Decrease erectile function andsex drive

Erectile dysfunction


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Psychological

Lack of mental exercise tendsLack of mental exercise tends

to be correlated withto be correlated withdeclines in memory and cognitive skills,declines in memory and cognitive skills,

but major deficits are not foundbut major deficits are not found

Until after age 60 to 65.Until after age 60 to 65.


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Cognitive and Memory Function of

Middle Adult

The subjective experience of forgetfulness

increases with age.

Semantic memory

Episodic memory

Practiced and unpracticed skills

New Learning

Schematic processing


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Cognitive Changes of the Elderly

Short-Term Memory Function

Strategy Learning learning processtakes longer but given time, theirperformance is similar with youngerones.

Everyday memory

Older adults take longer to register somenew piece of information, encode it, andretrieve it.


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Mental Health of Elderly

Dementia a grop of neurological disorders

involving problems with memory and thinking

that affect an individuals emotional, social,

and physical functioningAlzheimers Disease

Depression


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Psychosocial Development

Generativity VS

Stagnation

Generativity a sense that

one is making a

valuable contibution to

society by bringing up

children or mentoringyounger people in some

way.

Ego Integrity VS

Despair

Ego Integrity the

feeling that ones life

has been worthwhile


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Sociological Domain of the Middle

Adult

Mid-Life Crisis

Accepting ones own motality

Recognizing new physical limitations and health risks

Adapting to major changes in most roles Role Transitions (Stages of the family life cycle)

Role Conflict

Role Strain


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Sociological Domain of the Middle

Adult

Changes in relationships

Partnership

Children and ParentsEmptying the nest

Grandparenting

Caring for aging parents

Friends


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Sociological Domain of the Elderly

Social Relationships

Social roles

Living arrangementsPartnerships

Family relationships

Friendships


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Mid-Life Career Issues

Work satisfaction is at its peak

Quality of work performance remains high

Work Satisfaction

Job Performance

Unemployment and Career Transitions

Preparing for retirement


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Career issues in Elderly

Timing of retirement

Reasons for retirement

Age

Health

Family considerations

Financial support

Work Characteristics

Sex differences


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Career issues in Elderly

Effects of

retirement

Income

Poverty

Health Attitude and

EmotionsMobility

Choosing not to

retire

Continuing in a life-

long occupation

Learning New Job

skills

Workplacefunctioning

Documents

Middle Adult & Elderly