MID-TERM EXAM 2019 SYLLABI GRADE 11...MID-TERM EXAM 2019 SYLLABI GRADE 11 POSTED ON 06‐Nov‐19 11:57 AM Page 2 of 31 MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D – 4024 Y – CONTINUED 21. Unknowns

MID-TERM EXAM 2019 SYLLABI GRADE 11

POSTED ON 06‐Nov‐19 11:57 AM Page 1 of 31

MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D – 4024 Y 1. Numbers: identify and use natural numbers, integers (positive, negative and zero), prime numbers, square

numbers, cube numbers, common factors and common multiples, rational and irrational numbers 2. function notation: use function notation, e.g. F(x) = 3x – 5, f:x ⟼ 3x – 5, to describe simple functions. Find

inverse functions 3. Graphs of functions: construct tables of values and draw graphs for functions. Interpret graphs of linear,

quadratic, cubic, reciprocal and exponential functions. Solve associated equations approximately by graphical methods. Estimate gradients of curves by drawing tangents

4. Squares, square roots, cubes and cube roots 5. Directed numbers: use directed numbers in practical situations (e.g. Temperature change, tide levels) 6. Fractions, decimals and percentages: use the language and notation of simple vulgar and decimal fractions and

percentages in appropriate contexts. Recognise equivalence and convert between these forms 7. Ordering : order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate familiarity with the symbols , , , , , 8. Standard form: use the standard form a × 10ⁿ where n is a positive or negative integer, and 1 ≤ a <10. 9. The four operations: use the four operations for calculations with whole numbers, decimal fractions and vulgar

(and mixed) fractions, including correct ordering of operations and use of brackets 10. Estimation: make estimates of numbers, quantities and lengths, give approximations to specified numbers of

significant figures and decimal places and round off answers to reasonable accuracy in the context of a given problem.

11. Limits of accuracy: give appropriate upper and lower bounds for data given to a specified accuracy. Obtain appropriate upper and lower bounds to solutions of simple problems given data to a specified accuracy.

12. Ratio, rate and proportion: demonstrate an understanding of ratio and proportion increase and decrease a quantity by a given ratio. Use common measures of rate. Solve problems involving average speed

13. Percentages: calculate a given percentage of a quantity; express one quantity as a percentage of another, calculate percentage increase or decrease; carry out calculations involving reverse percentages, e.g. Finding the cost price given the selling price and the percentage profit.

14. Measures: use current units of mass, length, area, volume and capacity in practical situations and express quantities in terms of larger or smaller units. Convert between units including units of area and volume.

15. Time: calculate times in terms of the 12-hour and 24-hour clock; read clocks, dials and timetables. 16. Money: solve problems involving money and convert from one currency to another 17. Coordinate geometry: demonstrate familiarity with cartesian coordinates in two dimensions. Find the gradient

of a straight line. Calculate the gradient of a straight line from the coordinates of two points on it. Calculate the length and the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment from the coordinates of its end points. Interpret and obtain the equation of a straight line graph in the form y = mx + c. Determine the equation of a straight line parallel to a given line. Find the gradient of parallel and perpendicular lines.

18. Algebra (a) Algebraic representation and formulae use letters to express generalised numbers and express arithmetic

processes algebraically. Substitute numbers for words and letters in formulae. Construct and transform formulae and equations

(b) Algebraic manipulation manipulate directed numbers. Use brackets and extract common factors. Expand products of algebraic expressions. Factorise where possible expressions of the form:

manipulate algebraic fractions. Factorise and simplify rational expressions

19. Indices: understand and use the rules of indices. Use and interpret positive, negative, fractional and zero indices

20. Solutions of equations and inequalities: solve simple linear equations in one unknown. Solve fractional equations with numerical and linear algebraic denominators. Solve simultaneous linear equations in two



MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D – 4024 Y – CONTINUED

21. Unknowns. Solve quadratic equations by factorisation, completing the square or by use of the formula. Solve simple linear inequalities

22. Graphical representation of inequalities: represent linear inequalities graphically 23. Variation: express direct and inverse variation in algebraic terms and use this form of expression to find

unknown quantities 24. Geometrical terms and relationships: use and interpret vocabulary of triangles, circles, special quadrilaterals;

solve problems and give simple explanations involving similarity and congruence; use and interpret vocabulary of simple solid figures: cube, cuboid, prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone, sphere; use the relationships between areas of similar triangles, with corresponding results for similar figures, and extension to volumes

25. Symmetry: recognise rotational and line symmetry (including order of rotational symmetry) in two dimensions. Recognise symmetry properties of the prism (including cylinder) and the pyramid (including cone). Use the following symmetry properties of circles: (a) equal chords are equidistant from the centre (b) the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre (c) tangents from an external point are equal in length.

26. Angles: calculate unknown angles and give simple explanations using the following geometrical properties: (a) angles at a point (b) angles at a point on a straight line and intersecting straight lines (c) angles formed within parallel lines (d) angle properties of triangles and quadrilaterals (e) angle properties of regular and irregular polygons (f) angle in a semi-circle (g) angle between tangent and radius of a circle (h) angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference (i) angles in the same segment are equal (j) angles in opposite segments are supplementary

27. Mensuration: solve problems involving (i) the perimeter and area of a rectangle and triangle, (ii) the circumference and area of a circle, (iii) the perimeter and area of a parallelogram and a trapezium, (iv) the surface area and volume of a cuboid, cylinder, prism, sphere, pyramid and cone (formulae will be given for the surface area and volume of a sphere, pyramid and cone), (v) arc length and sector area as fractions of the circumference and area of a circle (vi) the areas and volumes of compound shapes

28. Trigonometry: interpret and use three-figure bearings. Apply pythagoras theorem and the sine, cosine and tangent ratios for acute angles to the calculation of a side or of an angle of a right angled triangle (angles will be quoted in, and answers required in, degrees and decimals of a degree to one decimal place); solve trigonometrical problems in two dimensions including those involving angles of elevation and depression and bearings; extend sine and cosine functions to angles between 90° and 180°; solve problems using the sine and cosine rules for any triangle and the formula 1/ 2 ab sin c for the area of a triangle; solve simple trigonometrical problems in three dimensions. (calculations of the angle between two planes or of the angle between a straight line and plane will not be required.)

29. Set language and notation: use language, notation and venn diagrams to describe sets and represent relationships between sets

30. Personal and small business finance: use given data to solve problems on personal and small business finance involving earnings, simple interest and compound interest. Extract data from tables and charts

31. Graphs in practical situations: demonstrate familiarity with cartesian coordinates in two dimensions; interpret and use graphs in practical situations including travel graphs and conversion graphs; draw graphs from given data; apply the idea of rate of change to easy kinematics involving distance-time and speed-time graphs, acceleration and retardation; calculate distance travelled as area under a linear speed-time graph.

32. Geometrical terms: use and interpret the geometrical terms: point; line; plane; parallel; perpendicular; bearing; right angle, acute, obtuse and reflex angles; interior and exterior angles; similarity and congruence. Use and interpret vocabulary of triangles, special quadrilaterals, circles, polygons and simple solid figures. Understand and use the terms: centre, radius, chord, diameter, circumference, tangent, arc, sector and segment

33. Geometrical constructions: measure lines and angles • construct a triangle, given the three sides, using a ruler and pair of compasses only. Construct other simple geometrical figures from given data, using a ruler and protractor as necessary. Construct angle bisectors and perpendicular bisectors using a pair of compasses as necessary. Read and make scale drawings. Use and interpret nets



MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D – 4024 Y

34. Similarity and congruence solve problems and give simple explanations involving similarity and congruence. Calculate lengths of similar figures. Use the relationships between areas of similar triangles, with corresponding results for similar figures, and extension to volumes and surface areas of similar solids

35. Loci: use the following loci and the method of intersecting loci for sets of points in two dimensions which are: (a) at a given distance from a given point (b) at a given distance from a given straight line (c) equidistant from two given points (d) equidistant from two given intersecting straight lines

36. Statistics (a) Categorical, numerical and grouped data: collect, classify and tabulate statistical data. Read, interpret

and draw simple inferences from tables and statistical diagrams. Calculate the mean, median, mode and range for individual and discrete data and distinguish between the purposes for which they are used. Calculate an estimate of the mean for grouped and continuous data. Identify the modal class from a grouped frequency distribution.

(b) Statistical diagrams: construct and interpret bar charts, pie charts, pictograms, simple frequency distributions, frequency polygons, histograms with equal and unequal intervals and scatter diagrams. Construct and use cumulative frequency diagrams. Estimate and interpret the median, percentiles, quartiles and interquartile range for cumulative frequency diagrams. Calculate with frequency density. Understand what is meant by positive, negative and zero correlation with reference to a scatter diagram. Draw a straight line of best fit by eye.

37. Probability: calculate the probability of a single event as either a fraction or a decimal. Understand that the probability of an event occurring = 1 – the probability of the event not occurring. Understand relative frequency as an estimate of probability. Calculate the probability of simple combined events using possibility diagrams and tree diagrams where appropriate.

38. Matrices: display information in the form of a matrix of any order. Solve problems involving the calculation of the sum and product (where appropriate) of two matrices, and interpret the results. Calculate the product of a matrix and a scalar quantity. Use the algebra of 2 × 2 matrices including the zero and identity 2 × 2 matrices. Calculate the determinant and inverse of a non-singular matrix.

39. Vectors: describe a translation by using a vector. Add and subtract vectors. Multiply a vector by a scalar. Calculate the magnitude of a vector. Represent vectors by directed line segments. Use the sum and difference of two vectors to express given vectors in terms of two coplanar vectors. Use position vectors

URDU – 3248 A

1. Directed writing 2. Letter writing 3. Report writing 4. Dialogue writing 5. Translation 6. Idioms 7. Sentence transformation 8. Close passage 9. Summary 10. Comprehension



PHYSICS – 5054 BY

1. Physical quantities, units and measurement

1.2 measurement techniques 1.3 units and symbols 3.2 scalars and vectors

2. Kinematics 2.1 speed, velocity and acceleration 2.2 graphical analysis of motion 2.3 free-fall

3. Dynamics 3.1 balanced and unbalanced forces 3.2 friction 3.3 circular motion

4. Mass, weight and density 4.1 mass and weight 4.2 gravitational fields 4.3 density

5. Turning effect of forces 5.1 moments 5.2 centre of mass 5.3 stability

6. Deformation 6.1 elastic deformation

7. Pressure 7.1 pressure 7.2 pressure changes 7.3 pressure in gases

8. Energy sources and transfer of energy 8.1 energy forms 8.2 major sources of energy 8.3 work 8.4 efficiency 8.5 power

Textbook chapter: chapter 6 energy, work and power 9. Light

9.1 reflection of light 9.2 refraction of light 9.3 thin converging and diverging lenses

Textbook chapters: unit 12 light

10. General wave properties 10.1 describing wave motion 10.2 wave terms 10.3wave behavior

Text book chapters: chapter 13 waves

11. Electromagnetic spectrum 11.1 dispersion of light 11.2 properties of electromagnetic waves 11.3 applications of electromagnetic waves



PHYSICS – 5054 BY – CONTINUED

Textbook chapter: chapter 14 electromagnetic waves 12. Sound

12.1 sound waves 12.2 speed of sound 12.3 ultrasound

Textbook chapter: chapter 15 sound

13. Transfer of thermal energy 13.1 conduction 13.2 convection 13.3 radiation

Textbook chapter: chapter 10 transfer of thermal energy

14. Kinetic model of matter 14.1 states of matter 14.2 molecular model 14.3 evaporation

Textbook chapter: chapter 9 kinetic model of matter

15. Temperature 15.1 principles of thermometry 15.2 practical thermometers

Textbook chapter: chapter 8 temperature

16. Thermal properties of matter 16.1 specific heat capacity 16.2 melting and boiling 16.3 thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

Textbook chapter: chapter 11 thermal properties of matter

17. Static electricity 17.1 laws of electrostatics 17.2 principles of electrostatics 17.3 applications of electrostatics

Text book chapters: chapter 16 static electricity

18. Current electricity 18.1 current 18.2 electromotive force 18.3 potential difference 18.4 resistance

Textbook chapters: chapter 17 current electricity 19. D.c. circuits

19.1 current and potential difference in circuits 19.2 series and parallel circuits

Textbook chapter: chapter 18 d. C. Circuits 20. Practical electricity

20.1 uses of electricity 20.2 dangers of electricity 20.3 safe use of electricity in the home

Textbook chapter: chapter 19 practical electricity 21. Magnetism and electromagnetism

21.1 laws of magnetism 21.2 magnetic properties of matter 21.3 electromagnetism



Textbook chapter: chapter 20 magnetism 22. Electromagnetism

22.1 force on a current-carrying conductor 22.2 the d.c. Motor

Textbook chapter: chapter 21 electromagnetism 23. Electromagnetic induction

23.1 principles of electromagnetic induction 23.2 the a.c. Generator 23.3 the transformer

Textbook chapter: chapter 22 electromagnetic induction

ENGLISH LANGUAGE – 1123 Y Paper 1:

Directed writing Letter/ speech/ report/ article

Creative writing Argumentative/discursive essay Descriptive essay Narrative essay

Paper 2: Reading for ideas: summary writing Reading for meaning: comprehension Vocabulary/context clues

LITERATURE IN ENGLISH – 2010 AY Assessment objectives:

Ao1 show detailed knowledge of the content of literary texts Ao2 understand the ways literary texts can be interpreted from surface level to deeper awareness of

ideas and attitudes and their contexts Ao3 recognize and appreciate ways in which writers use language Ao4 recognize and appreciate ways in which writers achieve their effects (e.g. Structure, plot,

characterization, dramatic tension, imagery, rhythm, setting and mood) Ao5 communicate a sensitive and informed personal response to what is read.

Paper 1: poetry and prose

Songs of ourselves volume 2 part 4 (all 15 poems) A separate peace by john knowles (complete novel)

Paper 2: drama Macbeth by william shakespeare (complete play)

IGCSE ICT – 0417 AY Paper 1 (theory)

1. Types and components of computers Hardware and software The main components of computer systems Operating systems Types of computer Impact of emerging technologies



IGCSE ICT – 0417 AY – CONTINUED

2. Input and output devices Input devices and their uses Direct data entry and associated devices Output devices and their uses

3. Storage devices and media Backup of data Types of access Secondary storage media

4. Networks and the effects of using them networks Networks issues and communication

5. Chapter 5: the effects of using it effects of it on employment effects of it on working patterns within organizations microprocessor-controlled devices in the home potential health problems related to the prolonged use of it equipment

6. Chapter 6: ict applications Communication applications Data handling applications Measurement applications Microprocessors in control applications Modelling applications School management systems 6.9 banking applications 6.10 computers in medicine 6.11 computers in libraries 6.12 expert systems 6.13 computers in the retail industry 6.14 recognition systems 6.15 monitoring and tracking systems 6.16 satellite systems

7. Chapter 7: the systems life cycle Analysis Design Development and testing Implementation Documentation Evaluation

8. Chapter 8: safety and security Physical safety E-safety Security of data

9. Chapter 9: audience Audience appreciation Legal, moral, ethical and cultural appreciation

10. Chapter 10: communication Communicate with other ict users using email Effective use of the internet

11. Chapter 11: file management Manage files effectively Reduce file sizes for storage or transmission



IGCSE ICT – 0417 AY – CONTINUED Paper 2 & 3 (practical)

12. Chapter 12: images 13. Chapter 13: layout 14. Chapter 14: styles 15. Chapter 16: graphs and charts 16. Chapter 17: document production 17. Chapter 18: data manipulation 18. Chapter 19: presentations 19. Chapter 20: data analysis 20. Chapter 21: web authoring

BUSINESS STUDIES – 7115 Y

Assessment objectives: 1. Ao1: knowledge and understanding

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of facts, terms, concepts, conventions, theories and techniques commonly applied to or used as part of business behavior

2. Ao2: application Apply their knowledge and understanding of facts, terms, concepts, conventions, theories and

techniques. 3. Ao3: analysis

Distinguish between evidence and opinion in a business context Order, analyse and interpret information in narrative, numerical and graphical forms, using appropriate

techniques. 4. Ao4: evaluation

Present reasoned explanations, develop arguments, understand implications and draw inferences Make judgements, recommendations and decisions.

Paper 1: written examination consisting of four questions requiring a mixture of short answers and structured data responses. Paper 2: written examination consisting of four questions based on a case study, provided as an insert with the paper.

Topic 1.1: business activity

5. The purpose and nature of business activity: Concepts of needs, wants, scarcity and opportunity cost Importance of specialisation Purpose of business activity The concept of adding value and how added value can be increased

Topic 1.2: classification of businesses

6. Business activity in terms of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors: Basis of business classification, using examples to illustrate the classification Reasons for the changing importance of business classification, e.g. In developed and developing eco

7. Classify business enterprises between private sector and public sector in a mixed economy

Topic 1.3: enterprise, business growth and size



BUSINESS STUDIES – 7115 Y – CONTINUED

8. Enterprise and entrepreneurship: Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs Contents of a business plan and how business plans assist entrepreneurs Why and how governments support business start-ups, e.g. Grants, training schemes

9. The methods and problems of measuring business size: Methods of measuring business size, e.g. Number of people employed, value of output, capital employed (profit is not a method of measuring business size) Limitations of methods of measuring business size

10. Why some businesses grow and others remain small: Why the owners of a business may want to expand the business Different ways in which businesses can grow Problems linked to business growth and how these might be overcome Why some businesses remain small

11. Why some (new or established) businesses fail: Causes of business failure, e.g. Lack of management skills, changes in the business environment, liquidity problems Why new businesses are at a greater risk of failing

Topic 1.4: types of business organization

12. The main features of different forms of business organisation: Sole traders, partnerships, private and public limited companies, franchises and joint ventures Differences between unincorporated businesses and limited companies Concepts of risk, ownership and limited liability Recommend and justify a suitable form of business organisation to owners/management in a given situation Business organisations in the public sector, e.g. Public corporations

Topic 1.5: business objectives and stakeholder objectives

13. Businesses can have several objectives and the importance of them can change: Need for business objectives and the importance of them Different business objectives, e.g. Survival, growth, profit and market share Objectives of social enterprises The role of stakeholder groups involved in business activity: Main internal and external stakeholder groups Objectives of different stakeholder groups How these objectives might conflict with each other, use examples

14. Differences in the objectives of private sector and public sector enterprises

Topic 2.1: motivating employees

15. The importance of a well-motivated workforce: Why people work and what motivation means The benefits of a well-motivated workforce: labour productivity, reduced absenteeism and labour turnover The concept of human needs, e.g. Maslow’s hierarchy Key motivational theories: taylor and herzberg




16. Methods of motivation: Financial rewards, e.g. Wage, salary, bonus, commission and profit sharing Non-financial methods, e.g. Job enrichment, job rotation, teamworking, training, opportunities for promotion Recommend and justify appropriate method(s) of motivation in given circumstances

Topic # 2.2: organisation and management

17. Draw, interpret and understand simple organisational charts: Simple hierarchical structures: span of control, levels of hierarchy, chain of command Roles and responsibilities of directors, managers, supervisors, other employees in an organisation and

inter-relationships between them

18. The role of management: Functions of management, e.g. Planning, organising, coordinating, commanding and controlling Importance of delegation; trust versus control

19. Leadership styles:

Features of the main leadership styles, e.g. Autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire Recommend and justify an appropriate leadership style in given circumstances

20. Trade unions:

What a trade union is and the effects of employees being union members

Topic # 2.3: recruitment, selection and training of employees

21. Recruitment and selecting employees: Recruitment and selection methods Difference between internal recruitment and external recruitment Main stages in recruitment and selection of employees Recommend and justify who to employ in given circumstances Benefits and limitations of part-time employees and full-time employees

22. The importance of training and the methods of training:

Importance of training to a business and to employees Benefits and limitations of induction training, on-the-job training and off-the-job training

23. Why reducing the size of the workforce might be necessary

Difference between dismissal and redundancy with examples Understand situations in which downsizing the workforce might be necessary, e.g. Automation or

reduced demand for products Recommend and justify which employees to make redundant in given circumstances

24. Legal controls over employment issues and their impact on employers and employees:

Legal controls over employment contracts, unfair dismissal, discrimination, health and safety, legal minimum wage

Topic# 2.4: internal and external communication



BUSINESS STUDIES – 7115 Y – CONTINUED 25. Why effective communication is important and the methods used to achieve it:

Effective communication and its importance to business Benefits and limitations of different communication methods including those based on information

technology (it) Recommend and justify which communication method to use in given circumstances

26. Demonstrate an awareness of communication barriers:

How communication barriers arise and problems of ineffective communication; how communication barriers can be reduced or removed

Topic 3.1: marketing, competition and the customer

27. The role of marketing: Identifying customer needs Satisfying customer needs Maintaining customer loyalty Building customer relationships

28. Market changes: Why customer/consumer spending patterns may change The importance of changing customer needs Why some markets have become more competitive How businesses can respond to changing spending patterns and increased competition

29. Concepts of niche marketing and mass marketing Benefits and limitations of both approaches to marketing

30. How and why market segmentation is undertaken: How markets can be segmented, e.g. According to age, socio-economic grouping, location, gender Potential benefits of segmentation to business Recommend and justify an appropriate method of segmentation in given circumstances

Topic 3.2: market research

31. The role of market research and methods used: Market-orientated businesses (uses of market research information to a business) Primary research and secondary research (benefits and limitations of each) Methods of primary research, e.g. Postal questionnaire, online survey, interviews, focus groups The need for sampling Methods of secondary research, e.g. Online, accessing government sources, paying for commercial

market research reports Factors influencing the accuracy of market research data

32. Presentation and use of market research results:

Analyse market research data shown in the form of graphs, charts and diagrams; draw simple conclusions from such data

Topic 3.3: marketing mix




33. Product: The costs and benefits of developing new products Brand image; impact on sales and customer loyalty The role of packaging The product life cycle: main stages and extension strategies; draw and interpret a product life cycle diagram How stages of the product life cycle can influence marketing decisions, e.g. Promotion and pricing

34. Price: Pricing methods (benefits and limitations of different methods), e.g. Cost plus, competitive, penetration, skimming, and promotional Recommend and justify an appropriate pricing method in given circumstances Understand the significance of price elasticity: difference between price elastic demand and price inelastic demand; importance of the concept in pricing decisions (knowledge of the formula and calculations of ped will not be assessed)

35. Place – distribution channels: Advantages and disadvantages of different channels, e.g. Use of wholesalers, retailers or direct to consumers Recommend and justify an appropriate distribution channel in given circumstances

36. Promotion: The aims of promotion Different forms of promotion and how they influence sales, e.g. Advertising, sales promotion The need for cost-effectiveness in spending the marketing budget on promotion

37. Technology and the marketing mix: Define and explain the concept of e-commerce The opportunities and threats of e-commerce to business and consumers Use of the internet and social media networks for promotion

Topic 3.4: marketing strategy

38. Justify marketing strategies appropriate to a given situation: Importance of different elements of the marketing mix in influencing consumer decisions in given circumstances Recommend and justify an appropriate marketing strategy in given circumstances

39. The nature and impact of legal controls related to marketing: Impact of legal controls on marketing strategy, e.g. Misleading promotion, faulty and dangerous goods

40. The opportunities and problems of entering new foreign markets: Growth potential of new markets in other countries Problems of entering foreign markets, e.g. Cultural differences and lack of knowledge Benefits and limitations of methods to overcome such problems, e.g. Joint ventures, licensing

Topic 4.1: production of goods and services




41. The meaning of production: Managing resources effectively to produce goods and services Difference between production and productivity Benefits of increasing efficiency and how to increase it, e.g. Increasing productivity by automation and

technology, improved labour skills Why businesses hold inventories The concept of lean production: how to achieve it, e.g. Just-in-time inventory control and kaizen;

benefits of lean production

42. The main methods of production: Features, benefits and limitations of job, batch and flow production Recommend and justify an appropriate production method for a given situation How technology has changed production methods, e.g. Using computers in design and manufacturing

Topic 4.2: costs, scale of production and break-even analysis

43. Identify and classify costs: Classifying costs using examples, e.g. Fixed, variable, average, total Use cost data to help make simple cost-based decisions, e.g. To stop production or continue

44. Economics and diseconomies of scale:

The concept of economies of scale with examples, e.g. Purchasing, marketing, financial, managerial, technical

The concept of diseconomies of scale with examples, e.g. Poor communication, lack of commitment from employees, weak coordination

45. Break-even analysis: The concept of break-even Construct, complete or amend a simple break-even chart Interpret a given chart and use it to analyse a situation Calculate break-even output from given data Define, calculate and interpret the margin of safety Use break-even analysis to help make simple decisions, e.g. Impact of higher price Understand the limitations of break-even analysis

Topic: 4.3: achieving quality production

46. Why quality is important and how quality production might be achieved: What quality means and why it is important for all businesses The concept of quality control and how businesses implement quality control The concept of quality assurance and how this can be implemented

Topic 4.4: location decisions

47. The main factors influencing the location and relocation decisions of a business: Factors relevant to the location decision of manufacturing businesses and service businesses Factors that a business could consider when deciding which country to locate operations in The role of legal controls on location decisions Recommend and justify an appropriate location for a business in given circumstances.

Topic 5.1: business finance: needs and sources




48. The need for business finance: The main reasons why businesses need finance, e.g. Start-up capital, capital for expansion and

additional working capital Understand the difference between short-term and long-term finance needs

49. The main sources of finance:

Internal sources and external sources with examples Short-term and long-term sources with examples, e.g. Overdraft for short-term finance and debt or

equity for long-term finance Importance of alternative sources of capital, e.g. Micro-finance, crowd-funding The main factors considered in making the financial choice, e.g. Size and legal form of business,

amount required, length of time, existing loans Recommend and justify appropriate source(s) of finance in given circumstances

Topic 5.2: cash-flow forecasting and working capital

50. The importance of cash and of cash-flow forecasting: Why cash is important to a business • what a cash-flow forecast is, how a simple one is constructed

and the importance of it • amend or complete a simple cash-flow forecast • how to interpret a simple cash-flow forecast

How a short-term cash-flow problem might be overcome, e.g. Increasing loans, delaying payments, asking debtors to pay more quickly

51. Working capital: The concept and importance of working capital

Topic 5.3: income statement

52. What profit is and why it is important: How a profit is made? Importance of profit to private sector businesses, e.g. Reward for risk-taking/enterprise, source of

finance Difference between profit and cash

53. Income statements:

Main features of an income statement, e.g. Revenue, cost of sales, gross profit, profit and retained profit

Use simple income statements in decision making based on profit calculations (constructing income statements will not be assessed)

Topic 5.4: statement of financial position

54. The main elements of a statement of financial position: The main classifications of assets and liabilities, using examples

55. Interpret a simple statement of financial position and make deductions from it, e.g. How a

business is financing its activities and what assets it owns, sale of inventories to raise finance (constructing statements of financial position will not be assessed)

Topic 5.5: analysis of accounts

56. Profitability: The concept and importance of profitability




57. Liquidity: The concept and importance of liquidity

58. How to interpret the financial performance of a business by calculating and analysing

profitability ratios and liquidity ratios: Gross profit margin Profit margin Return on capital employed Current ratio Acid test ratio

59. Why and how accounts are used:

Needs of different users of accounts and ratio analysis How users of accounts and ratio results might use information to help make decisions, e.g. Whether to

lend to or invest in the business

Topic 6.1: economic issues

60. Business cycle: Main stages of the business cycle, e.g. Growth, boom, recession, slump Impact on businesses of changes in employment levels, inflation and gross domestic product (gdp)

61. How government control over the economy affects business activity and how businesses may

respond: Identify government economic objectives, e.g. Increasing gross domestic product (gdp) Impact of changes in taxes and government spending Impact of changes in interest rates How businesses might respond to these changes

Topic 6.2: environmental and ethical issues

62. Environmental concerns and ethical issues as both opportunities and constraints for businesses: How business activity can impact on the environment, e.g. Global warming The concept of externalities: possible external costs and external benefits of business decisions Sustainable development; how business activity can contribute to this How and why business might respond to environmental pressures and opportunities, e.g. Pressure

groups The role of legal controls over business activity affecting the environment, e.g. Pollution controls Ethical issues a business might face: conflicts between profits and ethics How business might react and respond to ethical issues, e.g. Child labour

Topic: 6.3: business and the international economy

63. The importance of globalisation: The concept of globalisation and the reasons for it Opportunities and threats of globalisation for businesses Why governments might introduce import tariffs and import quotas




64. Reasons for the importance and growth of multinational companies (mncs) Benefits to a business of becoming a multinational and the impact on its stakeholders Potential benefits to a country and/or economy where a mnc is located, e.g. Jobs, exports, increased

choice, investment Potential drawbacks to a country and/or economy where a mnc is located, e.g. Reduced sales of local

businesses, repatriation of profits

65. The impact of exchange rate changes: Depreciation and appreciation of an exchange rate How exchange rate changes can affect businesses as importers and exporters of products, e.g. Prices,

competitiveness, profitability (exchange rate calculations will not be assessed)

ECONOMICS – 2281 Y

The basic economic problem 1.1 the nature of the economic problem

Finite resources and unlimited wants Economic and free goods

1.2 the factors of production Definitions of the factors of production and their rewards Mobility of the factors of production Quantity and quality of the factors of production

1.3 opportunity cost

Definition of opportunity cost The influence of opportunity cost on decision making

1.4 production possibility curve diagrams (ppc)

Definition of ppc Points under, on and beyond a ppc Movements along a ppc Shifts in a ppc

2 the allocation of resources 2.1 microeconomics and macroeconomics

Microeconomics Macroeconomics

2.2 the role of markets in allocating resources The market system Key resources allocation decisions The price mechanism

2.3 demand Definition of demand Price and demand Individual and market demand Conditions of demand



ECONOMICS – 2281 Y – CONTINUED

2.4 supply Definition of supply Price and supply Individual and market supply Conditions of supply

2.5 price determination Market equilibrium Market disequilibrium

2.6 price changes

Causes of price changes Consequences of price changes

2.7 price elasticity of demand (ped) Definition of ped Calculation of ped Determinants of ped Ped and total spending on a product/revenue significance of ped

2.8 price elasticity of supply (pes)

Definition of pes Calculation of pes Determinants of pes Significance of pes

2.9 market economic system Definition of market economic system Advantages and disadvantages of the market economic system

2.10 market failure

Definition of market failure Causes of market failure Consequences of market failure

2.11 mixed economic system Definition of the mixed economic system Government intervention to address market failure

3 microeconomic decision makers 3.1 money and banking

Money Banking

3.2 households The influences on spending, saving and borrowing

3.3 workers Factors affecting an individual’s choice of occupation Wage determination Reasons for differences in earnings Division of labour/specialisation

3.4 trade unions Definition of a trade union The role of trade unions in the economy The advantages and disadvantages of trade union activity




3.5 firms

Classification of firms Small firms Causes and forms of the growth of firms Mergers Economies and diseconomies of scale

3.6 firms and production Demand for factors of production Labour-intensive and capital-intensive production Production and productivity

3.7 firms costs, revenue and objectives Definition of costs of production Calculation of costs of production Definition of revenue Calculation of revenue Objectives of firms

3.8 market structure Competitive markets Monopoly markets

4 government and the macroeconomy 4.1 the role of government

The role of government

4.2 the macroeconomic aims of government The macroeconomic aims of government Possible conflicts between macroeconomic aims

4.3 fiscal policy

Definition of the budget Reasons for government spending Reasons for taxation Classification of taxes Principles of taxation Impact of taxation

4.3 fiscal policy continued Definition of fiscal policy Fiscal policy measures Effects of fiscal policy on government macroeconomic aims

4.4 monetary policy

Definition of money supply and monetary policy Monetary policy measures Effects of monetary policy on government macroeconomic aims

4.5 supply-side policy

Definition of supply-side policy Supply-side policy measures Effects of supply-side policy measures on government macroeconomic aims




4.6 economic growth

Definition of economic growth Measurement of economic growth Causes and consequences of recession Causes of economic growth Consequences of economic growth Policies to promote economic growth

4.7 employment and unemployment Definition of employment, unemployment and full employment Changing patterns and level of employment Measurement of unemployment Causes/types of unemployment Consequences of unemployment Policies to reduce unemployment

4.8 inflation and deflation

Definition of inflation and deflation Measurement of inflation and deflation Causes of inflation and deflation Consequences of inflation and deflation Policies to control inflation and deflation

6 international trade and globalization 6.1 international specialisation

Specialisation at a national level Advantages and disadvantages of specialisation at a national level

6.2 globalisation, free trade and protection

Definition of globalisation Role of multinational companies (mncs) The benefits of free trade Methods of protection Reasons for protection Consequences of protection

6.3 foreign exchange rates Definition of foreign exchange rate Determination of foreign exchange rate in foreign exchange market Causes of foreign exchange rate fluctuations Consequences of foreign exchange rate fluctuations Floating and fixed foreign exchange rates

6.4 current account of balance of payments Structure Causes of current account deficit and surplus Consequences of current account deficit and surplus Policies to achieve balance of payments stability



CHEMISTRY – 5070 BY

1. Experimental chemistry Experimental design Measurement: mass volume, time and temperature Collection of gases Methods of purification and analysis

2. The particulate nature of matter

Kinetic particle theory Atomic structure Periodic table of elements Periodic trends Group properties Transition elements Structure and properties of materials Ionic bonding Covalent bonding Metallic bonding

3. Chemical formulae and equations

Chemical symbols Valencia and formula Relative molecular mass Percentage composition Calculation of mass in compound Empirical formula Equation balancing and ionic equations.

4. Acids and bases

Properties of acids Properties of bases. Neutralization reactions Types of oxides

5. Salts and identification of gases

Salts and solubility Preparation of salts Identifications of cations and anions Identification of gases

6. Mole

Relative molecular mass Molar gas volume Molarity Percentage purity Percentage yield Stoichiometry Titration



CHEMISTRY – 5070 BY – CONTINUED

7. Rate of reaction Fast and slow reactions Measuring speed of reactions Factors affecting rate of reaction .reversible reactions

8. Enthalpy changes

Exothermic reaction Endothermic reactions Energy profile diagrams

9. Redox reaction

Oxidation and reduction Oxidizing and reducing agents

10. Electricity and chemicals

Symbols Electrolyte and non-electrolyte Electrolysis Electrolysis of mixtures Factors affecting electrolysis Application of electrolysis.

11. The periodic table of elements

Groups Periods Alkali metals Transition metals Noble gases Halogens

12. Metals and extraction of metals

Reactivity series Displacement reaction Extraction of aluminium Extraction of iron

13. Ammonia and its uses

Importance of nitrogen Haber process Testing for ammonia

14. Sulphuric acid

Oxides of sulphur and its properties Contact process

15. Organic chemistry

Homologous series Alkanes Alkenes Alcohols



CHEMISTRY – 5070 BY – CONTINUED

16. Polymers Addition polymerization Synthetic condensation polymerization Natural condensation polymerization

BIOLOGY – 5090 BY

1. Cells. Plant & animal cells (structure, labeling, organelles& their functions) Differences between plant and animal cells Specialized cells (rbc, xylem vessel, root hair cell, epithelial cell) Types of tissues, organs, organelles and systems

2. Movement of substances

Diffusion Osmosis (types of solutions & their effect on animal & plant cells: plasmolysis, turgor pressure, crenation) Active transport Examples of diffusion, osmosis and active transport in plants and animals Differences between diffusion, osmosis and active transport Effect of surface area on rates of diffusion

3. Enzymes

Characteristics Enzyme action (lock & key hypothesis) Effect of ph & temperature on enzyme activity Experiments to investigate effect of ph and temperature on the enzymes pepsin, amylase and catalase Uses of enzymes in industries Enzyme reactions for digestion of food

4. Nutrition

Classes of food (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, fibre, minerals [iron, calcium] , vitamins [c & d] : their sources and dietary importance

Mineral nutrition in plants (nitrates and magnesium) Balanced diet ( requirements & importance, malnutrition, starvation) Deficiency diseases: proteins, fibre, minerals and vitamins Experiments and interpretation of food tests (proteins, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, lipids and

starch)

5. Nutrition in animals Dentition Regions of human alimentary canal and associated organs ( their functions and structure in digestion,

absorption & assimilation): The buccal cavity and mouth; esophagus; stomach; small and large intestine; Liver; gall bladder; pancreas Peristalsis All enzymes and enzyme reactions associated with different regions Digestion, absorption and assimilation of carbohydrates, proteins and lipid



BIOLOGY – 5090 BY – CONTINUED

6. Transport in mammals Blood (composition & functions) Circulatory system (associated organs, structure & their role in transporting blood) Arteries, veins and capillaries Structure and mode of action of the human heart Blood pressure and pulse Exchange of materials between capillaries and tissue cells Immunity (wbc, antibodies, phagocytosis) Blood clotting Coronary heart diseases

7. Nutrition in plants Importance of photosynthesis Photosynthesis (process, effect of different factors on rate of photosynthesis, limiting factors, fate of

glucose) Structure of leaf (external & internal ) Gaseous exchange in plants Mineral nutrients (magnesium & nitrates) Investigations

8. Transport in flowering plants Structure of xylem & phloem (transport of water & translocation) Internal structure of stem , root & leaf Transpiration ( process, factors affecting rate of transpiration) Concept of transpiration pull, capillary action & root pressure Wilting Investigations

9. Respiration Uses of energy Aerobic & anaerobic respiration+ equations (in humans and yeast) Effect of lactic acid during strenuous exercise Human respiratory tract Breathing mechanism: inspiration and expiration Gaseous exchange in the alveoli and adaptation of lungs Composition of inspired & expired air Emphysema, bronchitis, lung cancer Investigations

10. Homeostasis and hormones Definitions: homeostasis, negative feedback, receptors, stimulus, effectors Types of glands Secretion and effect of insulin and adrenaline Regulation of blood glucose levels Diabetes

11. Coordination and response: the nervous system in mammals Sensitivity, receptors, effectors Brain (structure & function) Neurons (types and function) Spinal cord (structure and function) Reflex arc and reflex action



BIOLOGY – 5090 BY – CONTINUED

12. excretion Excretion & egestion Excretory products and the role of different organs in removing them Mammalian urinary system Structure and function of kidney Urine formation Abnormal urine constituents Kidney dialysis and organ transplant Role of adh and kidneys in osmoregulation

13. Drugs Definition and types of drugs Alcohol, heroin and smoking: classification, effects, social implications, addiction and withdrawal

symptoms Smoking: constituents of cigarette smoke and their effects on body; emphysema, bronchitis and lung

cancer

14. Inheritence: Variation Chromosomes and dna Monohybrid inheritance Selection

15. Reproduction:

Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction in plants Sexual reproduction in humans Sexually transmitted diseases

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS – 4037 AY 1. Function

Understand the terms: function, domain, range (image set), one-one function, inverse function and composition of functions.

Use the notation f(x) = sin x, f: x ↦ lg x, (x > 0), 𝑓 𝑥 and𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 . Understand the relationship between y = f(x) and y = |f(x)|, where f(x) may be linear, quadratic or

trigonometric. Explain in words why a given function is a function or why it does not have an inverse. Find the inverse of a one-one function and form composite functions. Use sketch graphs to show the relationship between a function and its inverse.

2. Quadratic functions

Find the maximum or minimum value of the quadratic function 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥 𝑐 by any method. Know the conditions for f(x) = 0 to have: Two real roots Two equal roots No real roots, And the related conditions for a given line to Intersect a given curve Be a tangent to a given curve Not intersect a given curve. Solve quadratic equations for real roots and find the solution set for quadratic inequalities.

3. Equations, inequalities and graphs



ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS – 4037 AY - CONTINUED

Solve graphically or algebraically equations of the type |ax + b| = c (c ⩾ 0) and |ax + b| = |cx + d|. Solve graphically or algebraically inequalities of the type |ax + b| > c (c ⩾ 0), |ax + b| ⩽ c (c > 0) and

|ax + b| ⩽ |cx + d|. Use substitution to form and solve a quadratic equation in order to solve a related equation. Sketch the graphs of cubic polynomials and their moduli, when given in factorised form y = k(x – a)(x –

b)(x – c). Solve cubic inequalities in the form k(x – a)(x – b)(x – c) ⩽ d graphically.

4. Indices and surds

Perform simple operations with indices and with surds, including rationalising the denominator.

5. Factors of polynomials

Know and use the remainder and factor theorems. find factors of polynomials. Solve cubic equations.

6. Simultaneous equations

Solve simple simultaneous equations in two unknowns by elimination or substitution. 7. Logarithmic and exponential functions

Know simple properties and graphs of the logarithmic and exponential functions including lnx and 𝑒

(series expansions are not required) and graphs of 𝑘𝑒 𝑎 and kln(ax + b) where n, k, a and b are integers.

Know and use the laws of logarithms (including change of base of logarithms). Solve equations of the form 𝑎 𝑏 .

8. Straight line graphs

Interpret the equation of a straight line graph in the form y = mx + c. Solve questions involving mid-point and length of a line. Know and use the condition for two lines to be parallel or perpendicular, including finding the equation

of perpendicular bisectors. Transform given relationships, including y = 𝑎𝑥 and y =𝐴𝑏 , to straight line form and hence determine

unknown constants by calculating the gradient or intercept of the transformed graph.

9. Circular measure Solve problems involving the arc length and sector area of a circle, including knowledge and use of

radian measure.

10. Trigonometry Know the six trigonometric functions of angles of any magnitude (sine, cosine, tangent, secant,

cosecant, and cotangent). Understand amplitude and periodicity and the relationship between graphs of related trigonometric

functions, e.g. Sin x and sin 2x. Draw and use the graphs 𝑦 𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑐 𝑦 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑐 𝑦 𝑎 tan 𝑏𝑥 𝑐. Use the relationships 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 1 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 Tan 𝐴



ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS – 4037 AY - CONTINUED

Cot 𝐴 Solve simple trigonometric equations involving the six trigonometric functions and the above

relationships (not including general solution of trigonometric equations).

11. Series Recognise arithmetic and geometric progressions. Use the formulae for the nth term and for the sum of the first n terms to solve problems involving

arithmetic or geometric progressions. Use the condition for the convergence of a geometric progression, and the formula for the sum to

infinity of a convergent geometric progression. Use the binomial theorem for expansion of 𝑎 𝑏 for positive integer n. Use the general term 𝑎 𝑏 0 𝑟 𝑛 knowledge of the greatest term and properties of

coefficients is not required.

12. Permutations and combinations Recognise and distinguish between a permutation case and a combination case. Know and use the notation n! (with 0! = 1), and the expressions for permutations and combinations of

n items taken r at a time. Answer simple problems on arrangement and selection (cases with repetition of objects, or with objects

arranged in a circle, or involving both permutations and combinations, are excluded).

13. Differentiation and integration Use the derivatives of the standard functions 𝑥 (for any rational n), sin x, cos x, tan x,𝑒 , ln x, together

with constant multiples, sums and composite functions of these. Differentiate products and quotients of functions. Apply differentiation to gradients, tangents and normals, stationary points, connected rates of change,

small increments and approximations and practical maxima and minima problems. Use the first and second derivative tests to discriminate between maxima and minima. Understand integration as the reverse process of differentiation. Integrate sums of terms in powers of x and . Integrate functions of the form 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 for any rational n, sin (ax + b), cos (ax + b), 𝑒 . Evaluate definite integrals and apply integration to the evaluation of plane areas.

ART & DESIGN – 6090 A

1. Painting and related media: 2. Paper 1: observational assignment 3. Paper 2: interpretative assignment 4. The syllabus has five assessment objectives which apply to all components. 5. For all components, the requirement that is assessed is the exam piece plus up to two sheets (4 sides) of

supporting studies (maximum size a2)



SOCIOLOGY – 2251 Y

1. Research method

Part 1: sociologist perspectives on research

Structuralist and interpretivist approaches; the individual, identity and society. How different views (functionalist, marxist, feminist) on conflict and consensus create alternative

perspectives.

Part 2: methodology of research

The distinction between positivist and interpretivist approaches to research methods. The main steps in devising and implementing a research strategy: research aims, selection of topic,

hypothesis setting and revision, pilot studies, sampling. Difficulties in implementing a research strategy. Ethical issues affecting the choice and implementation of a research strategy. The main methods used in sociological investigation: questionnaires/social surveys, interviews,

experiments, case studies, longitudinal studies, participant and non-participant observation, content analysis and triangulation. Coverage should include the strengths and limitations of each method, assessment of their usefulness in sociological research and awareness of the types of evidence produced.

The importance of analysing and evaluating research with reference to issues of validity, reliability, generalisability, representativeness and research/researcher bias.

2. Social inequality

Part 1: social stratification

Forms of social stratification in modern industrial societies: class, age, ethnicity and gender. Open and closed societies. Ascribed and achieved status. Life chances and why these differ between and within stratified groups

Part 2: features social inequality.

Wealth and income: the evidence and reasons for the distribution of wealth and income in different societies and the impact of welfare states and other government measures to reduce inequality, including equal opportunities legislation. The problems of defining wealth and poverty. The causes of poverty and the consequences of being rich or poor in a global context.

Ethnicity: examples of racial prejudice and discrimination in education, employment and housing. Scapegoating and the consequences of racism for ethnic groups.

Gender: effect of gender on the life chances of males and females, with particular reference to gender discrimination in employment. The changing role of women in modern industrial societies and explanations of gender discrimination

3. Culture, identity and socialization

Part 1: relationship between individual and society

Culture, norms, values, roles, status and beliefs as social constructions and how these influence human behaviour; relativity.

Conformity and non-conformity; the agencies and processes of social control. Examples of rewards and sanctions applied in different societies and organisations (e.g. Schools, the workplace).

The formation and existence of sub-cultures (e.g. Youth sub-cultures, religious sub-cultures) in society and how these impact on consensus and conflict.



SOCIOLOGY – 2251 Y – CONTINUED

Part 2: learning human behaviour

Age/age group as an example of social construction. Primary and secondary socialisation. Processes through which children learn social expectations (e.g. Manipulation, hidden curriculum). Main agencies of socialisation (e.g. Family, education, media) and their impact on the individual,

including the consequences of inadequate socialisation. The nature/nurture debate. Role, age, gender, ethnic group and class as influences on social identity

4. Family

Part 1: types of family

The nuclear and extended family, reconstituted/step-family, single-parent family and same sex family. The influence of social stratification and ethnicity on family diversity. The functions of the family and the ‘loss of functions’ debate. Alternatives to the family, including other types of households (e.g. One-person household, shared

household) and communes. Cross-cultural comparisons and variations in marriage including monogamy, serial monogamy,

polygamy and polyandry. Alternatives to marriage, such as cohabitation and civil partnerships. Explanations of changing trends in marriage and divorce.

Part 2: changes in family roles.

Conjugal roles, maternal and paternal roles, roles of children and members of the wider family, including grandparents.

Changes in family relationships and conjugal roles, including symmetrical family debate and issues relating to patriarchy and gender equality within the family.

Variations in family relationships reflecting the influences of social stratification and ethnicity. The negative aspects of family life, including domestic violence, gender inequality, child abuse and

neglect

Part 3: changes affecting family

Industrialisation, urbanisation and family change. Demographic trends: family size and birth rates; death rates and life expectancy. The consequences for the family of an ageing population.

5. Education

Part 1: functions of education.

Informal and formal education. Education as an agency of socialization and social control. The relationship between education and social mobility. Different types of schools, including state, comprehensive, private, single-sex and faith schools.




Part 2: factors affecting educational attainment.

Patterns in educational achievement and experience in relation to gender, ethnicity and social class. Material, cultural and linguistic influences of family background on educational achievement. The

influence of school, teachers, pupil sub-cultures and the peer group on educational achievement. Measuring intelligence, selection and its relationship to educational achievement. The roles of the official curriculum and the hidden curriculum.

6. Media

Part 1: media control

The various forms of the media, (e.g. Television, radio, newspapers, books, films, internet, including social media).

Role of advertising. Ownership and control of the media. Freedom and censorship in the media. Pluralist, marxist and postmodernist perspectives on the nature and role of the media. Patterns of media use, (e.g. By gender, age, social class and ethnicity). Media representation of ethnicity, gender, age, class and disability.

Part 2: media influence

The role of the traditional/new media in shaping values, attitudes and behaviour, with particular reference to television and violence; political beliefs and voting; patterns of consumption; gender stereotyping; traditional stereotyping, the influence of the internet in areas such as social networking.

Agenda setting, gate-keeping and stereotyping through the selection and presentation of the news. Explanations of the influence of the media: hypodermic-syringe model, audience selection, cultural

effects approach, uses and gratifications model. Bias and distortion in the media, including propaganda and moral panics. Developments in the media including changes in ownership, globalisation, interactivity, the digital

divide, diversification and convergence within the media. Influence of media representations on the audience.

7. Crime and deviance

Part 1: introduction to the concepts

The difference between crime and deviance, including how definitions of these terms may vary between societies and across time; relativity of crime and deviance.

Formal and informal social control, including agencies of social control such as the media, religion, the police, courts and the penal system.

Part 2: evaluation of patterns and trends of crime.

Measurements of crime and their strengths and limitations: official statistics, self-report studies and victim surveys.

Patterns and explanations of crime by age, class, gender and ethnicity. Policing and law enforcement, including policing strategies, e.g. Targeting, surveillance, crime

prevention. Crime related to new technologies (e.g. The internet). Dealing with crime: community sentencing, punishment, prison, rehabilitation, other deterrent




Topics: explanation of crime and deviance theories.

Sociological explanations of deviant and criminal behaviour: labeling theory, marxist theory, Functionalist theory, socialisation (e.g. Family and peer groups), lack of opportunity, relative

deprivation, masculinity, status frustration. The role of law enforcement agencies and the media in defining crime and deviance, stereotyping,

labeling and deviancy amplification. The development of sub-cultures and links to crime and deviance, with particular reference to youth

PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS – 7110 Y 1. Sole traders

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of operating as a sole trader Explain the importance of preparing income statements and statements of financial position Explain the difference between a trading business and a service business Prepare income statements for trading businesses and for service businesses Understand that statements of financial position record assets and liabilities on a specified date Recognise and define the content of a statement of financial position: non-current assets, intangible

assets, current assets, current liabilities, non-current liabilities and capital Understand the inter-relationship of items in a statement of financial position Prepare statements of financial position for trading businesses and service businesses Make adjustments for provision for depreciation using the straight line, reducing balance and

revaluation methods Make adjustments for accrued and prepaid expenses and accrued and prepaid income Make adjustments for irrecoverable debts and provisions for doubtful debts Make adjustments for goods taken by the owner for own

2. Partnerships

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of forming a partnership Outline the importance and contents of a partnership agreement Explain the purpose of an appropriation account Prepare income statements, appropriation accounts and statements of financial position Record interest on partners’ loans, interest on capital, interest on drawings, partners’ salaries and the

division of the balance of profit or loss Make adjustments to financial statements as detailed in 1 (sole traders) Explain the uses of and differences between capital and current accounts Draw up partners’ capital and current accounts in ledger account form and as part of a statement of

financial

3. Manufacturing accounts Distinguish between direct and indirect costs Understand direct material, direct labour, prime cost and factory overheads Understand and make adjustments for work in progress Calculate factory cost of production Prepare manufacturing accounts, income statements and statements of financial position

4. Analysis and interpretation

Understand, calculate and explain the importance of the following accounting ratios: Gross margin Profit margin Return on capital employed (ROCE) Current ratio Liquid (acid test) ratio Rate of inventory turnover (times)



PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS – 7110 Y – CONTINUED

Trade receivables turnover (days) Trade payables turnover (days)

5. Interpretation of accounting ratios

Prepare and comment on simple statements showing comparison of results for different years Make recommendations and suggestions for improving profitability and working capital Understand the significance of the difference between the gross margin and the profit margin as an

indicator of a business’s efficiency

6. Inter-firm comparison Understand the problems of inter-firm comparison Apply accounting ratios to inter-firm

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MID-TERM EXAM 2019 SYLLABI GRADE 11...MID-TERM EXAM 2019 SYLLABI GRADE 11 POSTED ON 06‐Nov‐19 11:57 AM Page 2 of 31 MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D – 4024 Y – CONTINUED 21. Unknowns