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Mid Term Conference
Organized in the frame of VII ANQUE’S International Congress
Oviedo (Spain), 13‐16 June 2010
FINAL REPORT
INTEGRAL WATER CYCLE: PRESENT AND FUTURE “A SHARED COMMITMENT”
www.anque2010.org
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General AquaFit4Use information
Project title AquaFit4use—Water in industry, Fit-for-use Sustainable Water Use in Chemical, Paper, Textile and Food Industry Acronym AquaFit4use Participants 32 Start date 1 June 2008 Duration 48 months Total budget 14.800.000 euro Total EC funding 9.650.000 euro
VISIT OUR WEBSITE! www.aquafit4use.eu Contact Willy van Tongeren (TNO) Telephone +31 (0)88-8662181 E-mail [email protected]
Participating partners
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PRESENTATION
I am delighted to introduce the summary of the Mid‐Term AquaFit4Use Conference held in Oviedo, on 13th ‐16th June 2010, organised in cooperation with the 7th International Congress of ANQUE “Integral Water Cycle: Present and Future. A shared commitment”. This event brought together over 475 high level professionals to discuss concrete technical, economical, management, financing and legal issues in relation to the integral water cycle.
During the AquaFit4Use Mid‐term Conference 26 lectures have been given. Furthermore, 22 examples of the Knowledge and Technological Portfolios have been presented during the AquaFit4Use‐Poster Session, the first prototype of the Water Quality Management Tool has been presented during the Demonstration Session and two AquaFit4Use‐ Open Seminars and one Taylor Seminar have been offered.
After nearly two years of AquaFit4Use, the leading EU project for water in industry within the 7th Framework Program, a great progress towards a Sustainable Water Use in the chemical, paper, textile and food industries has been achieved by the development and implementation of new, reliable and cost‐effective technologies, tools and methods. Therefore, a good number of fundamental results have been presented as well as results from several pilots. Furthermore, examples of important reductions in the intake of fresh water, in the disposal of wastewater and in the burden imposed by this on the environment have been described.
But what is even more important participants have had the opportunity to share their knowledge and to establish a debate forum for the exchange of information and for a better collaboration and/or coordination between companies, administrations, public organizations, research institutes and universities. The goal of detecting future research needs by analysing the past has been reached which is a step forward to solve the future problems by understanding previous good and bad experiences. New solutions for today have been shown and new perspectives for the future have been open. During the different sessions the current bottlenecks and limits of the concepts, scenarios and technologies used today have been reviewed and the latest scientific and technological advances were presented to move towards a more sustainable water management.
The industrial water use and the improvement of industrial water management has been analysed individually but also from the perspective of the integral water cycle, in which Aquafit4Use has shared this commitment with the ANQUE’s Congress.
Angeles Blanco
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Príncipe de Asturias Congress Palace‐Auditorium
The ANQUE’s Congress was hold in the Príncipe de Asturias Congress Palace‐Auditorium, located in Oviedo’s downtown.
Registration area
Pipers (Opening Ceremony) Choir (Opening Ceremony)
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Reception cocktail (Sunday 13th June)
Coffee breaks were a good opportunity to exchange new ideas and meeting new people
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PROGRAMME OVERVIEW
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PLENNARY LECTURES
Peter A. Wilderer (2003 Stockholm Water Prize) opened the Ceremony (14th June) with a speech about “Paradigm Shift in Urban Water Management”.
Population growth in urban areas combined with global lifestyle changes is one cause of the growing water demand. At the same time, extreme weather conditions triggered by global warming and climate change cause the capacity of water resources to shrink. Ground and surface water pollution and intrusion of sea water into aquifers add to the problem of supplying people and commercial consumers with water in sufficient quantity and to a reasonable price. Under these conditions, water authorities, land and city planner, architects and the civil society have to realize that the traditional approach to urban water management has to be complemented with innovative concepts. Wastewater is to be understood as a potential resource. In this context, centralized water reuse strategies are to be supplemented by decentralized solutions down to the level of housing complexes and high rise buildings. Innovative components are to be used for reliable, cost effective and hygienically safe operation and control of decentralized units. The readiness of the consumers to accept high quality water obtained from wastewater needs to be developed and maintained. A cross disciplinary team of engineers, architects, economists, sociologists, investors, representatives of governmental and financial institutions and end users are to be involved in the development of innovative ways of dealing with water in urban and rural settlements. The key ideas to keep in mind and to think about are:
1. preservation & re‐establishment of forest ecosystems helps overcoming local water deficiency.
2. concerted action is required to solve the energy – water – food crisis complex. 3. rapid urbanization and lifestyle change require novel technological responses.
4. recovery – temporary storage – reuse of water permit supply of more people from given sources.
The Congress counted with the assistance of Tom Vereijken, president of the European Water Partnership, who gave on Tuesday (15th June) a
“Wastewater and stormwater are too valuable to get thrown away“
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plenary lecture about “The Future of Water. European Perspective”. In the frame of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF5), the European situation on water was explored by what was called the “European Regional Process”. In essence, it describes the “European Agenda for Water” for the coming years. Clearly, the key areas of concern include decentralized sanitation, water scarcity, water for energy (and vice‐versa), water for agriculture, resource efficiency, etc. But most importantly: raising awareness was mentioned key all over Europe. This goes along with the imminent need to properly educate youngsters on water issues in the broadest sense and at all levels, and interest them to become a professional in the field. Initiatives to develop water programs at schools and Universities should therefore be widely supported. One of the most recent developments in the field of developing methods for information gathering, analyzing and monitoring sustainable use of water in Europe is called “Water Stewardship”. In this growing concept, stakeholders on water develop specific criteria and protocols for sustainable use of water. This leads to projects improving on current performance, which projects are used to serve as standard setting references within the stakeholder Group. The recent formation of an International Alliance on Water Stewardship will most likely result in an independent International Council for Water Stewardship, overseeing and safeguarding progress.
The last plennary lecture was given on Wednesday (16th June) by Marc Anderson (Wisconsin University). He exponed about “Present State of Water Desalination and its Future” In the year 2000, Fortune Magazine declared “Water will be the Oil of the 21st Century.” While the world seems to worry about energy deficiencies, water will likely be even more important as it is indeed essential for life as we know it.
Plants, animals and human beings all require water for existence. The most serious shortages of water are in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. India and China have 42% of the world’s
“Even at a minor economic growth pattern of 1 %, the water availability gap is expected to be 40% in 2030“
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population but only 4% of its water. Furthermore many of the developed nations use potable water for carrying sewerage while 90% of these wastewaters are left untreated in South America. Therefore, we all need to be good stewards of the potable water that we have on earth and we also need to look for means of increasing its supply by developing more energy efficient means of treating saline and brackish waters as well as cleaning up waters contaminated by fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, and industrial contaminants. Among all the new competing technologies to develop desalination of brackish and sea waters are: Thermal methods of desalination; the membrane processes of Reverse and Forward Osmosis, Electrodialysis, and Capacitive Deionization (CDI). The last of these methods, CDI, potentially represents a unique means of desalinating water while recovering energy.
Miguel López Estebaranz (Director of The Spanish Association of Water and Irrigation Manufacturers and member of The Spanish Water Technological Platform) gave the last plenary conference of the ANQUE’s Congress, talking about “The Future of the Water Technology Platform and The Strategy Research Agenda”. The Spanish Water Technological Platform is a cooperation forum
to promote innovation among all national technological scientists, in order to achieve a constant improvement in water resources management technologies within the full water cycle and to improve employment, competitiveness and internationalization of the Spanish technological sector. The platform is a member of the Global Water Partnership, of the World Water Council, of the Water Supply and Sanitation Technology Platform (WssTP), of the European Water Partnership, is also the industry representative at EUREKA‐EuroEnviron and it cooperates closely in the field of water and irrigation with international bodies, such as the FAO and the World Bank.
ROUND TABLES
WATER IN THE MASS MEDIA List of participants:
• Manuel Toharia (Scientific Director of the City of Art and Science of Valencia) • Luis Balairón (Spanish National Meteorology Agency) • Antonio Calvo (Director of Corporate Responsibility and Institutional Relations of REE
– Chairman of The Spanish Association for Science Communication ‐ AECC • Luis Mario Arce (La Nueva España Journal) • Francisco Armesto Ramón (Technical Manager of Scientific Museums of A Coruña –
City Council of A Coruña)
“We all need to be good stewards of the potable water that we have on Earth“
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“The work done by a scientist finishes when the work of a journalist starts”
WATER REGULATORY FRAMEWORK List of participants:
• Javier Ruza (Deputy Director‐Subdirector General for the Integral Management of the Public Waters Resources).
• Manuel Gutiérrez (Water Commissioner – Cantabrico Hydrographical Confederation).
• Miguel Solanes (Senior Researcher (Imdea-Water)). • Iria García (Industrial Issues Department‐Spanish Chemical Industry Federation
(FEIQUE)). • Carlos de Miguel (Uría Menéndez – Partner).
“Although nowadays, very few information about “water chemistry” reaches the general public, there is a general feeling that it is a
‘suspect’ and ‘harmful’ sector”.
“Not only must the scientific world approach to the society but also the society must be more aware bout the benefits of
science. Secondary schools should be the starting points to start this dissemination task”.
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The main issues discussed during this session were:
• European and worldwide strategic view. • Practical approach to the water regulatory framework. • Water markets. • The point of view of the chemical industry. • Water issues under the Law of Environmental Liability.
SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT List of participants:
• Jorge Marquínez (Chairman of The Cantábrico Hydrographical Confederation) • Luis Alemany (Director of the Municipal Water Gijón Company – E.M.A.) • Eduardo Ortega (Hydroelectric Power Stations Manager of E.ON. GENERACION) • Andrés del Campo (Chairman of The National Federation of Spanish Irrigators
Communities – FENACORE) • Pedro Brufao (Chairman of The Studies and Improvement of Salmon Association –
AEMS- Ríos con Vida)
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WATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR R&D+i List of participants:
• Herminio Sastre (Deputy Regional Minister for Science and Technology and President of the Foundation for the Promotion in Asturias of Applied Scientific Research and Technology (FICYT))
• Félix García-Ochoa (Deputy Director General for Research Programs (MICINN))
• José Luis García-López (Coordinator of Join Programming Initiatives (MICINN))
• Javier Serrano García (CDTI)
“New technologies constitute an essential tool to act efficiently in two fronts, one concerned with fighting
against pollution and the other related to the development of new quality resources”
“The pricing policy is essential for a sustainable management. If the costs for water services are not covered, end-users will
make an inefficient use of the water resource and operators will fail to provide services of sufficient quality”
“Hydroelectric energy can be considered a resource of Massive Generation, Safety, of Quality and Sustainable
(renewable, clean and emissions free)”
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• Enrique Hernández (Director of Management Service (aqualia)
The main issues discussed during this session were:
• The Regional Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation Plan of Asturias.
• The Spanish National Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation Plan.
• EU Joint Programming Initiatives: proposal on "Water Challenges for a changing world”.
• Funding programs for projects with technological base. Programs and existing initiatives.
• both national and international, within the different basic lines of performance of CDTI.
• R&D and innovation from an industrial perspective.
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AQUAFIT4USE SESSIONS Nearly 50% of the audience in AquaFit4Use open sessions was not involved in the project, showing the great interest that the presentations had in the general public.
SESSION 1: SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
Carlos Negro (ANQUE’s President) welcomed everyone and opened the AquaFit4Use sessions. He gave the floor to Willy Van Tongeren (AquaFit4Use Project Manager) who introduced the audience the purpose of the project, partners, tasks, etc. As commented by W. Van Tongeren, AquaFit4Use is a large scale integrating project, started in June 2008, within the seventh framework program (FP7) of the European Commission aiming at the development of new, reliable, cost‐effective technologies, tools and methodologies for sustainable water use in the biggest water consuming industries in Europe (Chemistry, Paper, Textiles and Food Ulfiana Anika Sari (from TNO) exposed a “Methodology for Water Quality Management, WQD”, which general methodology is shown in the Figure. The WQM has two fundamental elements: Water Quality Definition (WQD) and Water Quality Control (WQC). The WQD methodology is a structured method for the definition of the required water quality in different parts of the industrial processes, also including utilities. The WQC methodology structures the assessment of the different quality concerns like product safety, product quality, process stability and process equipment (machinery) in relation to the application of the different water qualities defined by the WQD. Filip H.A. Claeys (from Most for Water) gave to the audience “A bird's eye view on the AquaFit4Use Water Quality Management Tool,
Carlos Negro (left) and Willy Van Tongeren (right) Audience to the AquaFit4Use sessions
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WQMT”. This tool allows users to capture knowledge on the building blocks (water sources, sinks, industrial processes and treatment processes) of existing water networks, and to graphically represent the network topology. Based on a library of mathematical block models, network topologies can be simulated under various conditions, and simulation results can be displayed in a visually appealing manner. The tool also allows for optimizing the operational settings and/or the topology of water networks, through a powerful, yet easy‐to‐use, scenario engine. Henrik Grüttner (from DHI) exposed “Water Quality Control based on HACCP methodology
and principles”. The core of the suggested approach is outlined below:
Holger Jung (from PTS), in his presentation “Succesful water circuit optimization at Sappi Maastricht and Hamburger Rieger” gave a general overview about the initial situation regarding water use of both paper mills. Within this Project, action plans with single measures, partly including several alternatives, were elaborated for a reduction of the specific fresh water consumption and an optimisation of the water circuits. As a result of these studies, fresh water saving potential amounts to approximately 30 % of the current fresh water intake in both mills were identified. Some of the proposed measures are already implemented or selected for implementation in 2010.
SESSION 2: WASTE WATER TREATMENTS
Jean Cantet (from Veolia) was the chairman of this session, where different mathematical models and treatments to process the wastewater coming from the chemical, pulp and paper and textile industries were exposed. Paloma Grau (from CEIT) talked
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about “Mathematical modeling of wastewater treatment technologies in industrial water circuits”. A new library of mathematical models to describe the behavior of some traditional and novel technologies for treating wastewaters was introduced. The models will be a useful tool for assessing optimum solutions for closing water circuits in a mill considering different criteria like effluent quality, operational costs, environmental impact factors, etc.
Mónica de Gracia (from ATM) presented a “Mathematical model to calibrate an UASB reactor treating wastewater from a paper mill”. The model proposed was able to reproduce reasonably well the anaerobic process in terms of COD, sulphate reduction and TSS in the reactor. Their efforts are placed now in the prediction of other variables as the pH and biogas production. Heleen De Wever (from VITO) presented their work about MBR
reactors named “Long‐term stability of membrane bioreactors on chemical waste waters”. Three pilot units were tested in parallel. They were selected to represent different membrane configurations (flat sheet and hollow fibre) and different membrane materials (PVDF and PES). This presentation covered 6 months of pilot testing and addressed issues related to process stability of the tested technological equipment, robustness versus variations in wastewater composition and results obtained under different operational conditions to explore the limits.
The work presented by Markus Engelhart (from EnviroChemie GmbH) consisted on “Membrane treatment for water recycling in pulp & paper industry”. He pointed the feasibility of NF membranes (tested at laboratory and at pilot scale) to produce high‐class recycling water when treating biologically pre‐treated effluent of paperboard mills.
Ruth Ordóñez (from University Complutense of Madrid) exposed the results obtained at laboratory scale after “Combining lime softening with coagulation/flocculation to minimize the environmental impact of reverse osmosis rejects”. The water treated came from a 100% recovered paper mill and it was characterized by high conductivity and high non‐biodegradable organic matter content. The main objective was to achieve a treated stream which can be dumped to a municipal WWTP or to recirculate it again to the mill WWTP. T. Jerič (from University of Maribor) gave an overview about the results obtained in “Laboratory scale experiments for wastewater reuse in textile processes”. Effluent from dyeing fabric in jigger was treated with: 1) AOP (H2O2/UV process), 2) different combination of NF and UF and 3) coagulation and UF. Effluent from washing was treated with different combination of: 1) NF and UF, 2) coagulation and UF and 3) UF and AOP (H2O2/UV process), meanwhile effluent from printing was treated just with combination of coagulation and UF.
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Jiri Snaidr (from University of Maribor) talked about the black box that seems to be nowadays the microbiology of water streams in textile industry. This work aims to obtain a better understanding of the microbial populations in water circuits of textile industry to correlate the microorganisms with quality of water and problems during the textile processes. The VIT gene probe technology, which is based on the FISH (Fluorescence in‐situ Hybridization) technology, was shown to be a perfect tool for accessing bacteria which are difficult to cultivate or which are completely non‐cultivable.
Yannik Ledegaillerie (from VEOLIA) talked about “Water quality monitoring: Evaluation of sensors”. The integration of new on‐line measurements is a means of improving the knowledge of processes. There is a need for a tool of comparison of sensors based on pertinent and sensitive criteria. Veolia has built a test protocol of instrumentation for industrial water and wastewater applications. This protocol defines all the linked parts of the whole measurement line and the appropriate vocabulary. The aim is to have a common language in order to get comparable and reliable data about sensor performances.
SESSION 3: ADVANCED TREATMENTS
This session, whose chairman was Inge Genné (from VITO), combined the application of advanced oxidation processes to reclaim wastewater and the presentation of new equipments being developed for some of the Companies partners.
Noemí Merayo (from University Complutense of Madrid) presented the results obtained at laboratory scale after the application of AOP’s to the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrates. Fenton, photo‐Fenton, photocatalysis, and ozone were optimized and applied to treat these streams. In general, AOPs showed high COD and UV254 removals, although photocatalysis yielded low removals of both parameters.
Joerg Mielcke (from ITT‐Water & Wastewater WEDECO GmbH) spoke about the application of ozone to reclaim wastewater. Results of an oxidation pilot system (O3 and O3/H2O2) installed in a chemical industry, in order to obtain water suitable for cooling, were presented.
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Sandrine Mauchauffee (from VEOLIA) introduced the “Application of 3FM® to pulp and paper waste water filtration”. 3FM® is a high speed filtration device that can substitute conventional solid‐liquid separation process such as coagulation, settling and sand filtration, being a promising technology for a pre‐filtration stage before NF filtration to remove TSS. Jan Gerritse (from Deltares) introduced the Denutritor equipment, a biofilter to reduce the biofouling potential of water. Within it, microbial populations are grown in biofilms on porous filler material. The microorganisms in these biofilms degrade organic substrates which are dissolved in the water. As a result, the source of microbial growth and biofouling is removed. At this work laboratory and pilot scale Denutritor biofilters were tested for treatment of water from chemical and food industry with very satisfactory results.
Marie Pierre Denieul (from VEOLIA) participated with two presentations: (1) “High rate crystallization processes: Application to softening and removal of scaling compounds for industrial wastewater re‐use”; (2) “Application of evaporation to pulp & paper and textile saline waste water”. In the first one, very good results were obtained regarding Ca and alkalinity abatement. Lab‐scale test on NF filtration (done by Envirochemie) with that treated water allowed to reach a
conversion rate of 90%. During the second presentation the importance of a thermal way was shown, which ensured a good distillate quality and a high adaptability on a variable load taking into account Pulp & Paper and Textile problematics. Joost Van Erkel (from TNO) participated with the presentation “Scaling prevention in paper industry by Filtration Assisted Crystallization Technology (FACT)”. The main objectives of this work are: (1) closing the water cycle in a paper mill; (2) production of CaCO3 containing paper filler material in order to achieve ± 2‐10 % reduction of raw material (filler), and (3) more efficient use of cationic additives in paper making process (wet end) due to low [Ca2+]aq.
Erik G. Driessen (from Voltea) presented “Voltea’s desalination technology applied on cooling water system ice‐cream factory Unilever”. Voltea’s technology is an ion separation technology based on applying an electrical potential difference
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between two high surface area electrodes. By using it, the cooling water blown down would be reduced with 90% and the use of anti‐scalant chemicals will not be necessary anymore. This not only could allow saving ground water but also decreasing discharge volume and load. SESSION 4: GOOD EXAMPLES INDUSTRIAL CASES
Dieter Pauly (from PTS) was the chairman of the last session, focused in real cases of industries doing their best to achieve a sustainable use of their water consumption. Ignacio San Pío presented the case example of Holmen Paper Madrid, a paper mill producing 100% recovered paper of two different grades:
newsprint and light weight coated paper. Different pilot plants (anaerobic‐aerobic treatments + membrane filtration) were done to study the feasibility of recycling its own effluent. One of the major goals achieved is that in 2011 Holmen Paper Madrid will become the first paper mill in Europe of these characteristics producing 100% recycled paper with 100% reclaimed water.
Davide Mattioli (from ENEA) exposed a case study of possible treatment strategies for implementation of water reuse in two textile finishing SMEs. The aim of this work was to design efficient segregation of textile process effluents to facilitate their treatment and reuse at viable technical and economical conditions. Wastewater treatment technologies proposed were different combinations of UF, NF, AOP, MBR and evapoconcentration.
Markus Engelhart (from EnviroChemie GmbH), substituting Wedeco presentation, participated within this session with the issue “Combinations of treatment processes for water recycling in the pulp&paper industry“. A combination of pilot plants consisting on: anaerobic reactor, activated sludge/3FM, MBR, NF/UO, AOP, evaporation and softening are going to start‐up soon in order to verify laboratory test results done previously. Valentine Davy (from Nestlé Waters M.T.‐PTC Water) pointed out the “Optimization of Cleaning‐In‐Place (CIP) processes in bottled water industry”. The results of the study have highlighted the importance of: (1) good hygienic design of the installations; (2) design of CIP station; and (3) the optimization of rinsing step. Alternative CIP technologies were evaluated: (a) chemicals “2 in 1”; (b) O3 disinfection; (c) ClO2 disinfection; and (d) pigging.
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AQUAFIT4USE: IDEAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN PARTNERS All the sessions gave the opportunity to exchange ideas between all the project partners.
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AQUAFIT4USE WORKSHOPS Two workshops‐seminars were held after the sessions (SP6 Knowledge Transfer and Dissemination). Topic 1: “Chemometric methods as useful tools for characterization of different environmental samples”. It was supported by the University of Maribor. This was the program:
• Exploratory data analysis • Preprocessing data (Mean Centering, Standarization) • Cluster analysis (CA) • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) • Linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
Topic 2: “MBR seminar and workshop”. It was supported by Veolia. This was the program:
• The MBR market trends • An overview of the MBR process • Some example of application • Advanced control system • MBR configurations
Topic 3: “Water Quality Management Tool Demonstration”. It was supported by Most for Water.
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AQUAFIT4USE POSTER SESSIONS Most of the partners also participated with any poster in the Congress.
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AQUAFIT4USE UP‐DATE BETWEEN PARTNERS All the partners groups took the most of the Mid‐Term Conference to up‐date their researches and to plan the next tasks.
WP 5.2 - Food Industry Partners
WP 5.3 - Textile Industry Partners
WP 5.1 - Paper Industry Partners
WP 5.4 - Chemical Industry Partners
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AQUAFIT4USE FAMILY PICTURE We consider that the AQUAFIT4USE MID‐TERM CONFERENCE resulted very satisfactory thanks to the collaboration between all the partners.
THE END