Factors leading to the collapse of the Ottoman empire. Malaise within the ottoman empire. Till the beginning of the 19th century no power to stand up to the ottomansRise of Russian as another imperial power. Nibbles away near black sea Russia succeeded in taking over part of the ottoman territories in the ottoman empires during the Crimean wars.

Turkish nationalist movement. Turkey formed the heart of the Ottoman Empire. Ankara is the capital of the new Turkish Secular reforms had more impact on urban rather than rural areasAttaturk overthrew the Ottoman Empire and took over the capital in Istanbul

6 principles on which the new Turkish sate was built in Etatism some degree of stsate intervention inorder to protect the vulnerable and needly. Secularism Revolutionism: 1928 wmen allowed to voite first time in Islamic history Turkish alphabet changed from Arabic to latin Abolished Friday as public holiday Brought in dress code changes for women He was opposed to excess capitalism 20-25% are Kurds. He adopted a policy of assimilation where they had to learn Turkish culture heritage eetc Constitutional role for the military: where the military was required to act whenever the secular politics of Ataturk was being challenged.

Turkey and World war IIMulti Party eelctions began to appear in Turkish politics agter A;s death In the 1950 Democrat party defeated the ruling RRP party enablising some moderate islamists to find its way back to the parliament. A never wanted Military to take over he merely wanted it to be the custodians. Each time the military took over it was close to a Turkish economic crisis. The AK part has shilfted Turkish Foregin policy from Hobseian (survival of the most powerful to Kantian pliciy (views the world as a global villiage) It has helped them bring in a booming economy and helped them avoid the global financial crisis Gulen movement is a spiritual movement. It is a global movement. Here in Australia it is known as Blue Star. Leader is based in the US

ISlamist resposens Failed to liberate itself from European colonization. And failed to create independent states in anyway and reorganize socienties based on islam. It was Turkey which sucheeded