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The Fall of Rome and the

Middle Ages.

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Fall of the Roman Empire

Rome was the most

powerful empire the

world had ever seen.

Its architecture was

Hellenistic and its

road system was as

impressive as that ofthe Inca in S. America

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Roman Empire at its height 117 C.E.

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Fall of Rome

Rome was besieged by

various tribes from

modern day Germany

and France.

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Although the fall of the Roman

Empire did not happen overnight,many consider its fall the beginning

of the Middle Ages or Dark Ages.

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Major Eras of History

Ancient Era (Sumer, Egypt, Greeceand Rome) 2500 B.C.- 600 A.D.

Middle Ages (time of knights andcastles) 500 A.D. 1500 A.D.

Modern Era (time of powerful kings

exploration, and modern wars andcountries) 1500 A.D. Today

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The Middle Ages were a

dangerous time in Europe

The strong empires of Rome and Greece

that protected trade routes and encouraged

science and personal liberties were fadingaway.

The Roman empire not only had to fight the

plague but fight invaders from Europe andAsia.

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No more large cities, trade,

scholarship.

With all the disease, riots, outside attacks andstarvation people fled the cities of the oncestrong Roman empire.

In Europe, people now lived on manors, self-sufficient communities consisting of a castle,church, village and surrounding farmlands.

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Large non-unified kingdoms

Groups like the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and

Burgundians start to control large chunks of

land.Most kingdoms were not unified as they had

been under Rome.

First unifications come under the Franks in whatis now France and Germany

German rules and traditions much different

from those of Rome

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Manoralism (econ. system)

or safety and for defense, people in the Middle Agesformed small communities around a central lord or

master. Most people lived on a manor, which consisted

of the castle, the church, the village, and the surrounding

farm land. These manors were isolated, with occasionalvisits from peddlers, pilgrims on their way to the

Crusades, or soldiers from other fiefdoms.

Why do you think everyone chose to be isolated?

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Feudalism (political system)

The kings had lots of land; he gave

land to lords in exchange for

protection and $.

Lords gave their land to knights in

exchange for protection, $.

Knights let serfs work the land and

he would protect them.

Serfs got food and shelter.

Thus, each person had rights andresponsibilities

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Feudal Warfare!!!!

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Chivalry- code of honor

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Knights!

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Castles!

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Trebuchets were used to hurl all

sorts of objects at the enemy.

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Vikings!

Vikings conquered many parts of northern Europe

They explored most of Europe through its rivers. Were very good

sailors, exploring as far away as Russia and North America. (Lief

Erickson)

Gave us certain things like a trial by jury and one of the days of theweek.

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France Invades England.

In 1066, England was invaded by Normans

(Vikings from modern-day France) and

conquered all of England

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William of Normandy helped make England

what it is today and codified feudalism (gave

it the force of law).

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Magna Carta

Signed in 1215

Example of Rule ofLaw

English King Johnwas a bad king so hisnobles forced him tosign it.

Limited powers ofking.

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Role of Church in Middle Ages

Never was there a timewhen the Church was so

powerful in WesternCivilization.

The Church was led bythe Pope (powerfulleader both in matters ofreligion and in politics.

Priests and nunsconverted, gave care to

people

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Role of Church

Monks were

spiritual leaders

(obviously)They lived in

monasteries that

acted like trade

schools and

YMCAs

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Role of Church

They spent years

transcribing the

Bible since theprinting press

wasnt used in

Europe yet.

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Churches and Cathedrals during

the Middle Ages

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Role of Church

Since there were nostrong empires orkingdoms the Church

was one organizationthat had respect andpower.

Popes were more

powerful than kings!

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Crusades

The Crusades were a

series of battles

between Christians

and Muslims in theMiddle East.

Christian knights

wanted to take theHoly Land and give it

back to Christians

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Why was Constantinople so

important geographically?

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Crusades

Thousands of knights

and barbarian

soldiers united under

Christianity attackedMuslims and Jews in

Turkey and Jerusalem

to gain the land for

Christians.

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The Arab world was relatively peaceful and civilized at thetime. An Arab gentleman was expected to be a poet andphilosopher as well as a warrior (Remember, one should learnfrom cradle to grave). They had correctly calculated the time ittook for the earth to rotate around the sun. Furthermore,Jerusalem itself was a multicultural city. Jews, Moslems andChristians all lived together harmoniously. Christians onpilgrimages to Jerusalem were freely allowed across to the HolyPlaces, as they were Believers of the Book. Remember, all 3religions share the same father. What is his name?

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When the Crusades arrived in Northern Turkey, the carnagebegan. The town of Lycea was captured and looted. Reportstold of babies cut to pieces. Old people were subjected toevery kind of torture. Unfortunately, most of the inhabitantsof Lycea were actually Christians

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Impact of the Crusades

Persecution of Jews andMuslims

Economic developmentvia trade

Kings and popes, gainedpower as a result.

Longstanding distrustbetween Islam and

Christianity, continueseven today.

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Important Middle Ages Technologies

Water Wheel

Eyeglasses

Mechanical ClockPrinting

Gunpowder

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Eyeglasses

Invented in Pisa 13th century

By 15th century Italy making thousands spectacles

Eyeglasses encouraged invention of fineinstruments

Gauges

Micrometers

Fine wheel cuttersPrecision tools

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Mechanical ClockUndermined Church authority

equal hours for day and night a newconcept

Resisted by the church for a century

Every town wanted onePublic clocks installed in towers

Conquerors seized as spoils ofwar

Allowed individual autonomy

Work now measured by timeincreased productivity

Bern, Switzerland

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Gunpowder

Europeans improved

gunpowder to siege castles

Europeans focused on range

and weight of projectiles:siege warfare

With improved metal

casting, made worlds best

cannon

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Summary

The Roman Empire fell due to outside

attacks and disease (brought on by

trade)The Middle Ages began as the Church

replaced governments as the central

authority.

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Feudalism/ Manoralism came from peoplesneed for protection. Each member had rights

and responsibilities.

Cultures interact through wars, such as theCrusades, and trade ideas such as democratic

ideas or religious ideas

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Any questions before the

quiz?

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1. What 2 reasons did the Romanempire cease to be a powerful

empire?

2. Name 2 examples of Rule of Law

3. What was the economic systemof the Middle Ages in Europe?

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4. Under Feudalism, what responsibilitydoes a knight have? What does he give

in return?

5.In what year did William ofNormandy invade England?

6. What were the Crusades?

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7. What era (time period) describes

the time of Greece and Rome?

8. What year was the Magna Carta

signed?