MicroTrap SCOPE Operations Manual Edition 3.pdf

8/11/2019 MicroTrap SCOPE Operations Manual Edition 3.pdf

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SCOPE Operations ManualEdition 3.0

Manufactured By:

MREL SPECIALTY EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS LIMITED


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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.


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SCOPE Operations Manual - Edition 3.0 Page

MREL Specialty Explosive Products Limited (MREL) warrants that the product is free from Manufacturers defectsfor a period of two (2) years from the date of shipment to the Customer. This Warranty covers all parts andlabour.

MREL does not warrant that the product will meet the Customer's requirements, or that it will operate in thecombinations which may be selected by the Customer.

MREL does not and cannot warrant the performance or results that may be obtained by using the product.Accordingly, the product and its documentation are sold "as is" without warranty as to their performancemerchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. The Customer assumes the entire risk as to the results andperformance of the product.

The MREL logo is a registered trademark of Mining Resource Engineering Limited. The MicroTrap logo is a

registered trademark of MREL Specialty Explosive Products Limited. Windows is a registered trademark ofMicrosoft Corporation. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of theirespective companies.

Copyright 2000, MREL Specialty Explosive Products Limited. This Operations Manual and accompanyingMicroTrap Advanced Analytical Software supersedes any earlier editions. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction oadaptation of any part of this documentation or Softwarewithout written permission of the Copyright owner isunlawful.


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Page ii SCOPE Operations Manual Edition 3.0

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

Congratulations on your acquisition of the MicroTrap VOD/Data Recorder, manufactured by MREL SpecialtyExplosive Products Limited (MREL). This SCOPE Operations Manual has been supplied with the optionalMicroTrap SCOPE Upgrade. The MicroTrap SCOPE Upgrade allows the Operator to record DC voltage signalsfrom a variety of types of commercially available gauges. The SCOPE Operations Manual is divided into thefollowing Chapters:

CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTEDThis Chapter assists those new to the operation of the MicroTrap to ensure that:1. All of the MicroTrap hardware has been received.2. The MicroTrap Advanced Analytical Software is installed and that communications is confirmed between the

Operators computer and the MicroTrap.3. The MicroTraps Recording Parameters are adjusted by the Operator to settings that are appropriate for the

Operators testing requirements.

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTIONThis Chapter addresses the general features of the MicroTrap. It outlines some safety considerations related to

the use of instrumentation in a blasting environment; and describes the main field applications of the MicroTrapfor recording the VOD of explosives and voltage signals from a variety of gauges.

CHAPTER 3:HARDWAREThis Chapter covers issues related to the various hardware components of the MicroTrap. It briefly describes themain features of the MicroTrap's front panel; provides details on the MicroTrap power source; and outlinesinstructions for recharging and long term storage of the MicroTrap. Also included are descriptions of the differenttypes of VOD resistance probes available from MREL. A summary of the technical specifications of theMicroTrap is also presented.

CHAPTER 4: RECORDING VOLTAGE SIGNALS FROM GAUGESThis Chapter describes issues related to recording DC voltage signals from gauges in the field and the setupprocedure for the MicroTrap in the field.

CHAPTER 5: MICROTRAP SOFTWAREThis Chapter presents the methods for retrieving data from the MicroTrap to a computer and selecting a data filefor analysis. All the features and menu functions of the Software required for analysis and presentation aredescribed.

CHAPTER 6: EXAMPLES OF VOLTAGE DATA ANALYSISThis Chapter provides a detailed analysis of voltage information, starting with the selection of the data andfollowed by its analysis and formatting for presentation. An example analysis of data recorded by an airblastpressure gauge is included.

CHAPTER 7: CONTACTING MREL FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORTThis Chapter provides detailed contact information for MRELs Blasting Instrumentation Team. It also providesinstructions for emailing MicroTrap files to MREL for complimentary analysis support.


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SCOPE Operations Manual - Edition 3.0 Page ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED1.1 Ensuring that all MicroTrap Hardware has been Received 1.11.2 Installing the MicroTrap Advanced Analytical Software 1.1

1.2.1 Computer System Requirements 1.11.2.2 Installing the Software on Computers Running Windows 95 or 98 1.11.2.3 Installing the Software on Computers Running Windows NT 1.2

1.3 Communicating with the MicroTrap 1.21.3.1 Parallel Port (Printer Port) Configurations 1.21.3.2 Testing Communications between the Computer and the MicroTrap 1.2

1.4 Viewing and Programming the MicroTraps Recording Parameters 1.31.5 Troubleshooting MicroTrap Communications Errors 1.7

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION2.1 Background 2.12.2 Safety Considerations 2.22.3 VOD Applications of the MicroTrap 2.2

2.3.1 Testing of Explosive Samples 2.2

2.3.2 Testing of Explosives in Blastholes 2.22.4 Scope Applications of the MicroTrap with Scope Upgrade Installed 2.3

CHAPTER 3: MICROTRAP HARDWARE3.1 Hardware Components 3.1

3.1.1 MicroTrap 3.13.1.2 Carrying Case 3.53.1.3 Battery Charger 3.53.1.4 Communications Cable 3.53.1.5 BNC Adapters 3.5

3.2 MicroTrap Internal Rechargeable Battery 3.63.3 Testing the MicroTrap Power Status 3.63.4 Recharging the MicroTrap 3.6

3.5 Operating the MicroTrap from External Power Sources 3.73.6 Long Term Storage Considerations 3.73.7 VOD Resistance Probes Used by the MicroTrap 3.8

3.7.1 PROBEROD 3.83.7.2 PROBECABLE 3.8

3.8 MicroTrap Technical Specifications 3.9

CHAPTER 4: RECORDING VOLTAGE SIGNALS FROM GAUGES4.1 Introduction to Recording DC Voltage Signals 4.14.2 Connecting Gauges to the MicroTrap 4.14.3 Signal Cable Protection 4.24.4 MicroTrap Setup Procedure for Recording Voltage Signals 4.24.5 Utilizing the External Trigger 4.5

4.6 Additional Information on Memory 4.6


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Page iv SCOPE Operations Manual Edition 3.0

CHAPTER 5: MICROTRAP SOFTWARE5.1 Retrieving Data from the MicroTrap 5.15.2 Selecting Data Files for Analysis 5.35.3 Introduction to Analysis 5.45.4 Desktop 5.45.5 Tools Bar 5.5

5.6 Menu Bar 5.65.7 Formula Bar 5.8

CHAPTER 6: EXAMPLES OF VOLTAGE DATA ANALYSIS6.1 Airblast Pressure Example 6.1

CHAPTER 7: CONTACTING MREL FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT7.1 Contacting MREL 7.17.2 Emailing MicroTrap Files to MREL 7.1


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SCOPE Operations Manual - Edition 3.0 Page 1-1

1.1 ENSURING THAT ALL MICROTRAP HARDWARE HAS BEEN RECEIVED

Photographs of these hardware components are contained in Section 3.1.1. MicroTrap VOD/Data Recorder.2. MicroTrap Battery Charger that is labeled 120 VAC or 220 VAC depending on your Countrys mains power.3. Communications Cable - parallel port printer cable.4. BNC Adapters x 6.5. Carrying Case.

6. MicroTrap Advanced Analytical Software on CD-ROM.7. MicroTrap VOD Operations Manual.8. MicroTrap SCOPE Operations Manual.9. VOD resistance probes: PROBERODsand/or PROBECABLEand/or PROBECABLE-LR.

1.2 INSTALLING THE MICROTRAP ADVANCED ANALYTICAL SOFTWARE

1.2.1 COMPUTER SYSTEM REQUIREMENTSThe MicroTrap Advanced Analytical Software, for Windows '95, 98 and NT, has been provided on a CD-ROM.The CD-ROM also contains a medium-resolution digital copy of this Operations Manual in Adobe Acrobat pdformat (MicroTrap SCOPE Operations Manual Edition 3.pdf). Additional copies of the Operations Manual may beprinted for your use as required.

The Softwareoperates on any Personal Computer (PC) system with the following minimum specifications:1. Pentium 100 or higher processor.2. 32 Mb RAM.3. 25 Mb hard drive space for Softwareand digital Operations Manual installation, and up to an additional 20

Mb for each uncompressed data file. It is recommended that 100 Mb of hard drive space be available on thecomputer.

4. Windows 95, 98 or NT operating system. Windows 2000 is not supported at this time.5. CD-ROM drive. If the computer does not have a CD-ROM drive, but has Internet access, contact MREL

(Section 7.1) for instructions on downloading the installation Softwarefrom MRELs Internet web site. If thecomputer does not have a CD-ROM and does not have access to the Internet, then contact MREL to obtainthe Softwareon floppy disks.

6. Parallel printer port (ie: LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3).

1.2.2 INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE ON COMPUTERS RUNNING WINDOWS 95 OR 98To install the MicroTrap Software, start Windows '95 or 98 and insert the MicroTrap CD into the CD-ROM driveRun the program on the MicroTrap CD called Setup.exe and follow the screen instructions. When the installationis complete, shut down the computer and re-start it.

All of the steps detailed in this Chapter should be completed before the Operator goes into the field toconduct a test:1. Ensure that all MicroTrap components have been received and are available.

2. Install the MicroTrap Software on the Operators computer.3. Ensure that the Operators computer and MicroTrap are able to communicate with each other.4. Program the MicroTraps internal Recording Parameters using the MicroTrap Software.

CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED


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Page 1-2 SCOPE Operations Manual Edition 3.0

1.2.3 INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE ON COMPUTERS RUNNING WINDOWS NT.To install the MicroTrap Software, start Windows NT and insert the MicroTrap CD into the CD-ROM drive. Runthe program on the MicroTrap CD called Setup.exe and follow the screen instructions. When the installation iscomplete, shut down the computer and re-start it. From Windows, run the program Start-Programs-MicroTrap4.0-NT Driver Install. Note: you must be logged in as Administrator to install the NT Drivers. Follow the screeninstructions. Shut down the computer and re-start it.

1.3 COMMUNICATING WITH THE MICROTRAP

1.3.1 PARALLEL PORT (PRINTER PORT) CONFIGURATIONSThrough the Communications Cable, the MicroTrap Softwareis usedby the Operator to program the MicroTraps Recording Parametersand to download the data from the MicroTrap to the computer aftertesting is completed. The MicroTrap Softwarecan communicate withthe MicroTrap through 3 parallel port (LPT printer port) types:Standard (SPP), Enhanced (EPP), and Extended Capabilities (ECP).If the port is SPP or EPP, it uses SPP mode. If the port is ECP, ituses the faster ECP mode. The mode used is shown while

communicating with the MicroTrap. Communications with theMicroTrap is usually about 10 times faster in the ECP mode.

Port information for the computer can be viewed by clicking on ControlPanel - System Properties and clicking on "Ports" to view the currenttype of printer port.

Most computers built in the last few years have either ECP or EPP, orboth. Some computers, however, are shipped with the BIOS set sothat the parallel port is in SPP mode since this is the motherboard default. Most desktop computers allow theparallel port to be changed in the BIOS setup mode, which can be entered during the first few seconds afterstarting the computer. Care must be taken while in this mode since changing certain settings can prevent thecomputer from starting. On some computers, this mode is password protected and only a computer supportperson can access it.

Some laptops may provide only some of the above modes in BIOS setup mode. Some do not have a BIOS setupmode at all and use a custom program from within Windows, such as "Toshiba Utilities", to view and changelaptop parallel port modes. Note that parallel ports can be added to laptops with PCMCIA cards or USB toparallel port adapters.

1.3.2 TESTING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE COMPUTER AND THE MICROTRAPIt cannot be guaranteed that the MicroTrap will be able to communicate with a specific computer on the firstattempt. The parallel port is an evolving standard and certain active printer, scanner, and external CD-ROMdrivers may interfere with MicroTrap communications. Usually such problems can be solved with support fromMREL or local computer support.

To test communications between the computer and the MicroTrap:

1. Connect the Communications Cablesupplied with the MicroTrap between the LPT (parallel printer port) onthe computer and the LPT COMport on the front panel of the MicroTrap.

2. Turn the MicroTrap power ON.3. Start the MicroTrap Softwareby clicking on Start-Programs-MicroTrap 4.0-MicroTrap 4.0.


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4. At the Main Menu click on the Program MicroTrapbutton or withthe keyboard press Alt-P. Programming the MicroTrap andretrieving data can be accomplished without the use of acomputer mouse by pressing tab to move between data entryfields.

5. A Message will be displayed. Click on OKto continue or Cancelto return to the Main Menu.

6. When the Software successfully communicateswith the MicroTrap, the message MicroTrapFoundis displayed. Also displayed is the numberof Total Testsinto which the MicroTraps memoryhas been divided, and the number of RemainingTests yet to be conducted to fill the MicroTrapsmemory.

7. The Softwarealso displays the Serial Numberofthe MicroTrap, when the next Calibration shouldbe performed on the MicroTrap, and whether ornot the MicroTrap has the Memory Upgradeand/or Scope Upgradeinstalled.

8. In the example, the MicroTrap contains both theMicroTrap Memory Upgrade and the MicroTrap Scope Upgrade. Since the MicroTrap Scope Upgrade ispresent, then the MicroTrap will function as a VOD Recorder, Voltage Recorder or simultaneously as a VOD

& Voltage Recorder.9. If these messages are displayed correctly, then there is proper communications between the MicroTrap and

the computer. Click on the Exit button to close the Software. To view and program the MicroTrapsRecording Parameters, refer to Section 1.4.

10. If these messages are not displayed correctly and an error message is shown, then ensure that theprocedures in Sections 1.2and 1.3.1 have been followed. Refer to Section 1.5 for some suggestions ontroubleshooting the MicroTrap communications error.

1.4 VIEWING AND PROGRAMMING THE MICROTRAPS RECORDING PARAMETERS

To view or change the MicroTraps Recording Parameters:




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4. At the Main Menu click on the Program MicroTrapbutton or withthe keyboard press Alt-P. Programming the MicroTrap andretrieving data can be accomplished without the use of acomputer mouse by pressing tab to move between data entryfields.

5. A Message will be displayed. Click on OKto continue or Cancelto return to the Main Menu.

6. When the Software successfully communicateswith the MicroTrap, the message MicroTrapFoundis displayed. Also displayed is the numberof Total Testsinto which the MicroTraps memoryhas been divided, and the number of RemainingTests yet to be conducted to fill the MicroTrapsmemory.

7. The Softwarealso displays the Serial Numberofthe MicroTrap, when the next Calibration shouldbe performed on the MicroTrap, and whether ornot the MicroTrap has the Memory Upgradeand/or Scope Upgradeinstalled.

8. In the example, the MicroTrap contains both theMicroTrap Memory Upgrade and the MicroTrap Scope Upgrade. Since the MicroTrap Scope Upgrade ispresent, then the MicroTrap will function as a VOD Recorder, Voltage Recorder or simultaneously as a VOD

& Voltage Recorder.9. If the Remaining Tests = 0, then no additional tests will be able to be conducted with the MicroTrap until the

Operator clears the MicroTraps memory. If the data in the MicroTraps memory has already been transferredto a computer then the Operator should click on the VODbutton, Scope button or VOD & Scope button. TheVODbutton is described in Section 1.4of the MicroTrap VOD Operations Manual. Otherwise, the Operatorshould click on the Exitbutton to close the Softwareand then download the data to the computer as detailedin Section 5.1.

10. If the Remaining Tests > 0, then additional tests can be conducted with the MicroTrap. If this is the case,and the Operator wishes to clear the memory, view the settings, or change the settings for subsequent teststhen the Operator should click on either the Scope button or VOD & Scope button. The choice of these twobuttons will depend on whether the Operator wishes to only record voltages from gauges or simultaneouslyrecord VODs. Otherwise, the Operator can click on the Exitbutton to close the Software.


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11. After clicking on the Scope button,the existing settings of the MicroTrapare displayed. The Operator is ableto leave the settings unchanged byclicking on the Cancelbutton.

12. The Operator can make changes to

the Trigger Level, Pre-TriggerTime, number of Scope Channelsbeing used, and Recording Rateforsubsequent tests to be performed.The Trigger Level is used by theMicroTrap when the MicroTraphardware is set to begin recording onan INTernal trigger signal. Notice thatthe Operator can choose to EnableTriggering on one or more Scopechannels and can set the voltagerange independently for each Scopechannel. When simultaneously recording voltage and VOD data, the triggering of the MicroTrap, when set on

INTernal triggering, is controlled by the VOD channel. Changing these Recording parameters does not eraseany data that may already have been recorded by the MicroTrap in previous tests.

13. The Operator should make the Recording Rateas fast as possible providing that the displayed Total Timeper Test is sufficiently long to record all of the event being tested. The Recording Rate is specified pechannel - there is no multiplexing of the rate across the number of channels being used. Reducing the

Recording Rate lengthens the Total Time per Test. Changing the Recording Rate does not erase any datathat may already be recorded by the MicroTrap in previous tests. Notice that in this example the MicroTrapMemory Upgrade is installed, and the Total Time per Test and the PreTrigTime is double that for aMicroTrap with standard memory.

14. The Operator can select the External Triggermode to be Make Circuitor Break Circuit. External triggeringis detailed in Section 4.5.

!The Trigger Level is defined as a % of the total voltage range. For example: for Scope 1 set at0-5 V range and the Enable Trigger box ticked for Scope 1; and Scope 2 set at 10 10 V rangeand the Enable Trigger box ticked for Scope 2; and with a 5% Trigger Level setting; theMicroTrap will trigger when either the signal on Scope 1 crosses the 0.25 V level or the signalon Scope 2 crosses either the 0.5 V or 0.5 V level.


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15.

If in Step 9 there were Remaining Tests = 0, then the Operator must tick the Clear All Testsbox to allowmore tests to be conducted with the MicroTrap.

When the Clear All Testsbox is ticked, then the Operator may also change the Number of Testsinto whichthe MicroTraps memory is divided.

The Operator may divide the MicroTraps internal memory into 1 to 16tests. This allows the Operator to perform up to 16 tests before having to download the data to a computer.However, dividing the memory into 16 tests causes the Total Time per Test to be divided by 16 as isdisplayed in the Total Time per Testwindow.

16. Click on the Change Settingsbutton to accept the new Recording Parameters or click on the Cancelbuttonto exit without making any changes.

17. If the Clear All Tests box has been ticked, then theSoftwarewill ask the Operator to confirm that the datain the MicroTraps memory is to be erased. Click OKor Cancel.

18. A confirmation message is displayed.19. Disconnect the Communications Cable from the MicroTrap. Turn the

MicroTrap OFF and then ON. Press the Total Tests button and then theRemaining Testsbutton to confirm that changes to these settings, if any, havebeen made.

20. The Operator can confirm that all changes to Recording Parameters have been

made by re-starting the MicroTrap Softwareand repeating Steps 4-10.

Ensure that the data already in the MicroTraps memory h as been down loaded to a

computer (Sect ion 5.1) before t icking th e CLEAR ALL TESTS box. Ticking the CLEAR

ALL TESTS box and th en cl icking on th e CHANGE SETTINGS button w il l clear the

MicroTraps mem ory and w il l delete al l data from previou s tests.


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1.5 TROUBLESHOOTING MICROTRAP COMMUNICATIONS ERRORS

1. If the MicroTrap is connected to a parallel port switch box, ensure that the total length of all cables is less than10 feet (3 m).

2. Do not connect the MicroTrap through a "dongle" or "pass-through port" in a Zip Drive, scanner, printer, oother such device.

3. Some computers are shipped with the BIOS set so that the parallel (LPT) port is in bi-directional mode sincethis is the motherboard default. Computers with their parallel port in bi-directional mode will not communicatewith the MicroTrap. Most desktop computers allow the parallel port mode to be changed in the BIOS setupwhich can be entered during the first few seconds after starting the computer. Care must be taken while inthis mode since changing certain settings can prevent the computer from starting. On some computers, theBIOS setup mode is password protected and only a computer support person can access this setup modeSome laptops may provide limited BIOS setup mode options. Some do not have a BIOS setup mode at aland use a custom program from within Windows, such as "Toshiba Utilities", to view and change laptopparallel port modes. Contact MREL for additional technical support.

4. If you use an external CD-ROM drive connected through your parallel (LPT) port, then the CD-ROM softwaresends intermittent signals to this parallel port to see if the CD-ROM drive is connected. These intermittentsignals will interfere with MicroTrap communications if the signal from the CD-ROM software is sent duringthe time in which you are attempting to communicate with the MicroTrap. The solution is either to disable the

CD-ROM software, or to change its settings to make the time delay between signals as long as possible. Youwill still risk having the signal happen when you are communicating with the MicroTrap. However, if the timebetween signals is set sufficiently long, then you will be able to successfully re-communicate with theMicroTrap. Contact MREL for additional technical support.


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2.1 BACKGROUND

The MicroTrap VOD/Data Recorder is likely the most affordable and easiest to use portable, high-resolutionrecorder available. The MicroTrap is the result of merging and enhancing the most important features of theworlds most popular VOD Recorders:1 channel MiniTrap

IIExplosives Continuous VOD Recorder;

16 channel DataTrap Multi-Purpose Data Recorder; and2 channel SuperTrap High Resolution VOD/Data Recorder.

The MicroTrap is a portable, 1 channel, high resolution, explosives continuous VOD recorder. The MicroTrap canbe upgraded easily and inexpensively to provide an additional 4 channels of DC voltage (VDC) recordingcapability. Contact MREL for MicroTrap Scope Upgrade information. This provides the MicroTrap with theunparalleled ability to record high resolution VODs of explosives and simultaneously record transient events suchas blast vibrations, explosion pressures, air blast, etc. at high resolutions. The MicroTrap has proven its reliabilityunder the extreme temperature, weather, dust and rugged conditions that characterize blasting environmentsaround the world.

The MicroTrap Advanced Analytical Software allows the Operator to analyze VOD traces and convert DC voltagesignals recorded by the MicroTrap into the desired engineering units for analysis and presentation. The Softwareis used to program the recording parameters of the MicroTrap, and to: retrieve, display, analyze, print and exportVOD and data from other types of gauges. The Softwareruns under 32 bit Microsoft Windows 95, 98 and NTThis facilitates extremely fast data handling, and the ability to copy and paste MicroTrap graphs into any wordprocessors and/or spreadsheets running under those Windows operating systems.

The main features of the MicroTrap for VOD recording are:

One VOD channel capable of recording at up to 2 MHz (2 million data points/sec). This speed provides atime resolution of one data point for every 0.5 microseconds.

Capability to record VODs and delay times using up to 900 m (2,950 ft.) of MRELs PROBECABLE-LRVODresistance cable. This ensures that the MicroTrap can record the VODs and delay times in many blastholes

per test. A large, circular, digital memory (4 million data points) to store the recorded data in the MicroTrap. This

allows the MicroTrap to record for relatively long periods (2.0 seconds) when recording at a rate of 2 MHz.The memory can be upgraded easily and inexpensively to provide twice the recording time - a total memory o8 million data points. Contact MREL for MicroTrap Memory Upgrade information.

A high, 14 bit vertical (or distance) resolution (214

or 1 part in 16,384). This means that even for a very long900 m length of PROBECABLE-LR, 18 data points will be recorded along every meter of PROBECABLE-LRUse of shorter lengths of PROBECABLE-LRprovides even more data points recorded along every meter.

The capability to store up to 16 events in its permanent (non-volatile) memory before having to download therecorded data to a computer.

The data is downloaded to any personal computer (PC) through the LPT parallel printer port using the PCsEnhanced Mode capability. Therefore, the downloading procedure is five times faster than with RS232 cableconnections.

The MicroTrap can be upgraded easily and inexpensively to provide the MicroTrap with an additional 4channels of DC voltage recording capabilities at a maximum recording rate of 1 MHz per channel. ContacMREL for MicroTrap Scope Upgrade information.

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION


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2.2 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

The MicroTrap is an easy and safe instrument to operate. However, one should be aware of the inherent riskassociated with explosives handling and familiar with working in blasting environments. For this reason, it isalways recommended that knowledgeable personnel, experienced in handling explosives and familiar withblasting procedures, operate the MicroTrap when testing explosives. The standard rules of safety used withexplosives should apply when monitoring VODs or other explosive parameters.

When recording VODs, the MicroTrap outputs a low voltage (less than 5 VDC) and an extremely low current (lessthan 50 mA) to the probes within the explosives from the VODconnector on the MicroTrap. This low excitationsignal ensures that the MicroTrap will not prematurely initiate explosives and/or detonators. With the optionalMicroTrap Scope Upgrade installed, the MicroTraps Scope channels do not output any excitation voltage orsignal.

Standard (and common sense) rules apply when it comes to the presence of electrical storms near the testingarea. Due to the inherent hazards associated with blasting during these storms, in addition to the possibility ofelectrical interference causing false trigger signals to the MicroTrap, it is recommended to immediately suspendall blasting activities and evacuate the area. This is standard policy at most blasting operations.

2.3 VOD APPLICATIONS OF THE MICROTRAP

When used as a VOD recorder, the main applications of the MicroTrap include:

2.3.1 TESTING OF EXPLOSIVE SAMPLES

Test the performance of explosives against the quality control standards set by the manufacturers.

Measure the continuous VOD in any charge diameter under confined or unconfined conditions.

Determine the critical diameter and critical density of an explosive charge.

Determine the gap sensitivity of explosives.

Measure the timing accuracy of detonators.

Measure the continuous VOD of primers/boosters.

Determine the minimum booster size for any explosive by measuring run-up velocities.

2.3.2 TESTING OF EXPLOSIVES IN BLASTHOLES

Measure the continuous VOD in any hole diameter, wet or dry holes, and in any type of rock.

Measure the continuous VOD in multiple holes per blast.

Determine whether full detonation, low order detonation or failure occurred, and where in the

explosive column it happened. Check VODs against manufacturers' specifications in full scale blasting environments.

Determine the minimum booster size for any explosive by measuring run-up velocities in full scaleblasting environments.

Measure the timing accuracy of detonators in full scale blasting environments.

Measure the effects of water, drill cuttings, and rocks, etc. trapped within the explosive mass.

Determine the length of explosive column to use in decking operations to evaluate the effect ofstemming and drill cutting dilution, water pick-up, etc. on the explosive run-up requirements.

Persons no t trained and/or authorized to handle explosives shou ld not attempt to u t i l ize the

MicroTrap for mo nitoring explosive propert ies.


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Determine the correct length and type of stemming material to be used between decks of explosivesto prevent sympathetic detonation or explosive desensitization from occurring.

2.4 SCOPE APPLICATIONS OF THE MICROTRAP WITH SCOPE UPGRADEINSTALLED

As previously mentioned, with the MicroTrap Scope Upgrade, the MicroTrap has the ability to function as a digitaoscilloscope to record DC voltage signals from a wide variety of commercially available gauges. DC voltage andVOD can be recorded simultaneously. Typical applications of the MicroTrap when used as a voltage recordeinclude:

Measurement of detonation pressure using calibrated PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) gauges.

Measurement of air blast over-pressures using commercially available air blast pressure transducers.

Measurement of cross-blasthole pressures using carbon composition resistors and/or commerciallyavailable tourmaline gauges.

Measurement of blasting vibrations using geophones or accelerometer transducers.

Measurement of temperatures using thermocouples.

Measurement of strains using strain gauges.

Measurement of any phenomena that can be instrumented with gauges producing DC voltage signalsin the range from -10 to +10 volts.


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3.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

The hardware components of the MicroTrap System include the MicroTrap, a Carrying Case, a BatteryCharger, an LPT Communications Cable and two (2) BNC Adapters. If the MicroTrap Scope Upgrade hasbeen installed, there are four (4) additional BNC Adaptersprovided along with the SCOPE Operations Manual

Also included with the MicroTrap System are the VOD Operations Manual and the MicroTrap AdvancedAnalyticalSoftware . A brief description of each of the hardware components is in the following sections.

3.1.1 MICROTRAPThe MicroTrap contains electronic circuitry and an internal rechargeable battery within a protective plastic casemeasuring approximately 21 x 16 x 9 cm (8.25 x 6.25 x 3.5 in.) and weighing 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs.). The protective caseprevents damage from water, sand, snow, dust and similar harsh weather conditions. As well, the case offersresistance to high temperatures, shocks and vibrations. The MicroTraps front panel is shown below.

Complete instructions for the field operation of the MicroTrap hardware are provided in Chapter 4. The mainfeatures on the front panel of the MicroTrap are outlined below:

The ON/OFFswitch is used to provide power to the MicroTrap.

The STATUSindicator light has three working modes:InActivemode, the light is illuminated, indicating that the MicroTrap is ready for the Operator to press theSTART button. When the STARTbutton is pressed, the MicroTrap begins to monitor the event to berecorded while awaiting a trigger signal.

CHAPTER 3: MICROTRAP HARDWARE


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In Stand-by mode, the light flashes slowly, indicating that the MicroTrap has finished collecting andstoring data. In Stand-bymode, the MicroTrap is waiting for the Operator to either switch the MicroTrappower OFF; press the NEXT TESTbutton (to go toActivemode); or download the data to a computer.In Communications mode, the light flashes quickly, indicating that the MicroTrap's LPT COMcommunications port is connected to a computer, through the Communications Cable, for setting theMicroTraps Recording Parameters and for transferring data to the computer.

The LED screen is a two-digit display to show information related to the power status of the internal battery packand the total number of tests selected and the remaining number of tests. The LEDscreen also displays specialcharacters when advanced operations are being performed.

The BATTERY STATUSbutton is pressed to display on the LED screen the remaining charge of the MicroTrap'sinternal battery. This one-digit value represents the percentage (%) charge remaining in the battery pack (i.e. 8 =80% of full charge remaining).

The TOTAL TESTS button is pressed to display on the LED screen the total number of tests to which theMicroTrap was set using the MicroTrap Software(Section 1.4).

The REMAINING TESTS button is pressed to display on the LED screen the number of tests that can still be

recorded without having to download the data to a computer. This number will be the difference between the totalnumber of tests as programmed into the MicroTraps memory by the Software, and the number of tests alreadyconducted and stored in the MicroTrap's memory.

The TOTAL TESTSand REMAINING TESTSbuttons also have an advanced function. They can be used by theOperator to erase the data recorded in the last test from the MicroTraps memory using hardware alone asopposed to using the Softwareprocedure detailed in Section 1.4.

a. Do not turn OFF the MicroTrap after the test, the STATUS light and TRIGD lights should beflashing.

b. To erase the data from the last test; simultaneously press the TOTAL TESTS and REMAININGTESTSbuttons and hold them until this procedure is complete. The LEDdisplay will show ct. Afterabout 2 seconds, the ctwill begin blinking. After another 2 seconds, the ctwill disappear. Releasethe buttons. The data from the last test has been deleted.

c. Turn OFFthe MicroTrap. Turn ONthe MicroTrap and pressing the TOTAL TESTSbutton and then

the REMAINING TESTSbutton. This will confirm that the remaining tests have been increased by1 and that the last test in the MicroTraps memory has been deleted.

The TRIG EXT/INT switch allows the selection of internal (INT) or external (EXT) triggering of the MicroTrap.Using the Software (Section 1.4), the internal trigger level and pre-trigger memory allocation can be set. Usingthe Softwarethe external trigger mechanism: BREAK circuit or a MAKE circuit can be set. Triggering is described

in Sections 1.4 and 4.5.

The NEXT TEST button is used to change the MicroTrap's mode from Stand-bytoActive. When inActivemode,the MicroTrap waits for the Operator to press the STARTbutton to instruct the MicroTrap to await a trigger signal.

The START button instructs the MicroTrap to wait for a trigger signal to occur. When the START button ispressed the START light illuminates.

!MREL recommends the above procedure for times in which the MicroTrap triggersprematurely when the Operator is setting up the MicroTrap to record a test. Prematuretriggering can be caused by situations such as: loose connections in the signal wires;excessive moving of or driving over the signal wires; or by the Operator inadvertently

triggering the MicroTrap when using an external trigger wire.


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The STOP button has several functions:1. The STOPbutton is particularly useful when the MicroTrap has been set at a relatively slow sampling rate

with the Software (Section 1.4). An example is thermocouple measurements when the MicroTrap ScopeUpgrade is installed. Given the large memory in the MicroTrap, if the lowest sampling rate (1 Hz) isselected, a total recording time of 4 million data points / 1 Hz = 4,000,000 seconds (46 days) will beavailable for recording. Pressing the STOPbutton, after the Operator is satisfied that the data he requires

has been recorded by the MicroTrap, fills the remaining MicroTrap memory and the MicroTrap reverts toStand-bymode. This saves the Operator from having to wait for 46 days for the MicroTraps memory tobecome full.

2. The STOPbutton also has an advanced function. It can be used to completely erase all of the data in theMicroTrap using hardware alone, as opposed to using the Software procedure detailed in Section 1.4:a. Turn ONthe MicroTrap.b. Press the NEXT TESTbutton to put the MicroTrap in Activemode. The STATUSlight should be

on.c. Simultaneously press the NEXT TEST and STOP buttons and hold them down. The LED wil

display a blinking dE. Release the buttons.d. Simultaneously press the STARTand STOPbuttons and hold them down. The LEDwill display dE

without blinking. Release the buttons. All of the data in the MicroTraps memory will be deleted.e. Turn OFFthe MicroTrap. Turn ONthe MicroTrap and pressing the TOTAL TESTSbutton and then

the REMAINING TESTSbutton will confirm that these numbers are equal and that all of the testdata in the MicroTraps memory has been deleted.

The LPT COM port is used to connect the Communications Cable to the MicroTrap. The other end of theCommunications Cable is connected to the parallel printer port of the computer, for programming the internaRecording Parameters of the MicroTrap (Section 1.4) and for retrieval of the recorded data (Section 5.1).

There are two OUT OF RANGE warning lights. They will flash when the probe resistance is out of range as

discussed in Section 4.4.

!MREL recommends the above procedure for times in which the Operator is already in thefield and has forgotten to Clear All Tests using the Software as detailed in Section 1.4.The Remaining Tests = 0 and thus the Operator is unable to record another test in the

MicroTraps memory.


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The back of the MicroTrap has a variety ofconnectors that described below:

VOD: BNC connector for the VOD resistanceprobe.

EXT TRIG: BNC connector for the trigger wire,if external triggering is used.

SIREN: Connector for the optional MiniTrapSiren that sounds upon the MiniTrap beingtriggered.

DC IN/OUT: Used to connect the MicroTrap tothe Battery Charger to recharge theMicroTraps internal battery, and to operate theMicroTrap from AC mains power. The DCIN/OUT port can also be used to power theMicroTrap from an external 12 VDC battery. It

can also be used to supply 10 VDC as an excitation source for other types of gauges. All details and restrictionson use of the DC IN/OUTconnector are contained in Sections 3.4and 3.5.

1 2 3 4: BNC connectors for Channels 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the optional MicroTrap Scope Upgrade. These connectorshave no function unless the MicroTrap Scope Upgradehas been installed in the MicroTrap.

The TRIGD indicator light on the front of theMicroTrap will illuminate when the triggerconditions are met. It will remain illuminatedduring collection of the data, which in turndepends on the recording rate selected for thetest. The TRIGDlight flashes rapidly while thedata is being stored in the MicroTraps non-volatile memory. The TRIGD light flashes

slowly when all data from the test has beenstored in the MicroTraps memory. Otherwise,the light will remain off.

The black knob on the front of the MicroTrap isa pressure relief valve. When transporting theMicroTrap as checked baggage by air, or whenthe MicroTrap is transported by air freight, thisvalve should be slightly loose to allow pressureequalization. If the MicroTrap becomesdifficult to open, then loosen the relief valve toequalize the pressures inside and outside the MicroTrap.


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3.1.2 CARRYING CASEThe Carrying Case holds the MicroTrap, Battery Charger,Communications Cableand BNC Adapters.

3.1.3 BATTERY CHARGERThe Battery Charger has a specification printed on it, either 120 VAC or220 VAC. It is used to charge the MicroTraps internal rechargeable battery,and it can be used to operate the MicroTrap from AC mains.

3.1.4 COMMUNICATIONS CABLEThe Communications Cableis provided to connect the MicroTrap to a PersonalComputer for programming the recording parameters of the MicroTrap and fordownloading of the recorded data. The Communications Cable is connectedbetween the LPT COM port on the front panel of the MicroTrap and the LPTparallel printer port of the computer. The Communications Cableis a standardprinter cable, so should it become lost or forgotten, it can be replaced easily bythe Operator from a local supplier.

3.1.5 BNC ADAPTERSTwo BNC Adaptersare provided to facilitate easy connection betweenthe VOD and EXT TRIG connectors on the MicroTrap to the coaxial

cable (preferably RG-58/U) leading to the VOD probes, and the externaltrigger wire, respectively. If the MicroTrap Scope Upgrade has beeninstalled, four additional BNC Adapters are provided, one for each Scopeinput channel.

Contact MREL if the Battery Charger that has b een

suppl ied is incorrect for the mains vol tage in your

country .


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3.2 MICROTRAP INTERNAL RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

The MicroTrap has an internal Ni-Cad rechargeable battery. The MicroTrap is supplied with an approved120 VAC or approved 220 VAC Battery Charger, depending on the country of use. When the internal battery isfully charged, the MicroTrap can operate for 12 hours (at maximum MicroTrap power consumption) before batteryrecharging is required. The MicroTrap is shipped from MREL fully charged. Since some time may elapse before

the MicroTrap is actually put to use, the MicroTrap may not be charged fully the first time it is used. Full operatingtime will be obtained when the MicroTrap is recharged.

3.3 TESTING THE MICROTRAP POWER STATUS

The procedure to check the power status of the MicroTrap is as follows:1. With the MicroTrap switched ON, press the BATTERY STATUS button on the front panel. This button can be

pressed at any time during operation of the MicroTrap.2. The LED will display the energy remaining in the battery as a percentage of the full charge. For example, if

the display shows the number 8, it means that 80% of the maximum charge remains in the battery. A displayof 10 is shown when the MicroTrap is fully charged. A display of 0 is shown when the MicroTrap requiresrecharging.

3.4 RECHARGING THE MICROTRAP

The procedure to recharge the MicroTrap is as follows:1. Ensure that the Battery Chargeris labeled appropriately for the AC voltage mains power available.2. With the MicroTrap switched OFF, connect the Battery Chargerbetween the DC IN/OUT port on the back of

the MicroTrap and the wall outlet. The LED will display Chindicating that charging is progressing.3. Full recharging will take up to 16 hours. When charging has been completed, the Chindication on the LED

will flash.4. Unplug the Battery Chargerfrom the wall outlet and then from the MicroTrap. The MicroTrap battery status

can be tested as detailed in Section 3.3.

Contact MREL if the Battery Charger that has been supplied is incorr ect for the mains

vol tage in your country .

!The MicroTrap will operate appropriately at low power levels as indicated by 0 on the LED. TheMicroTrap will emit a beeping sound continuously for 30 minutes before the MicroTrap shutsitself OFF. The MicroTrap shuts itself off to help prevent complete discharging of the internalbattery. It is important to note that the MicroTrap has a non-volatile memory, allowing the datato be stored safely regardless of the power status of the internal battery.

!The MicroTrap internal battery can not be overcharged. According to the batteryManufacturers specifications, full battery pack recharging will take up to 16 hours. TheManufacturer also recommends recharging the MicroTrap at temperatures from 20 to 30 C

(68 to 86 F).


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3.5 OPERATING THE MICROTRAP FROM EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES

The MicroTrap can be operated from AC voltage mains power using the Battery Charger. When operating theMicroTrap from AC mains through the Battery Charger, the LEDwill display P.

The MicroTrap can be operated from a 12 VDC battery connected to the to the DC IN/OUTport on the back of the

MicroTrap. Contact MREL to obtain the 12 VDC Battery Adapter required for connecting the battery to the DCIN/OUT port.When operating the MicroTrap from a 12 VDC battery, the LEDwill display P.

3.6 LONG TERM STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS

No special procedures, other than those pertaining to the internal battery, should be taken for long term storage othe MicroTrap. In the eventuality that the MicroTrap remains idle for long periods, it is recommended to rechargethe MicroTrap once per month per the procedure in Section 3.4. This will maintain the conditioning of the internabattery.


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3.7 VOD RESISTANCE PROBES USED BY THE MICROTRAP

The following types of VOD resistance probes are available from MREL and are uniquely suitable for use with theMicroTrap:

3.7.1 PROBEROD

The PROBEROD, shown below, is a rigid probe consisting of a high resistance insulated wire placed within asmall diameter, metal tube, which acts as the return lead of the circuit. PROBERODsare specifically designed tomeasure VODs of explosive cartridges and/or of short sample tubes of explosives, under confined or unconfinedconditions. They are available from MREL in a standard length of 3 ft. (0.9 m) and are supplied with leads readyto be connected to the RG-58 coaxial cable, which connects to the VODconnector on the back of the MicroTrap.PROBERODsare also available in custom lengths. Contact MREL for additional PROBERODinformation.

3.7.2 PROBECABLETwo types of flexible resistance wire are available from MREL: PROBECABLE (green colour) andPROBECABLE-LR(blue colour) as shown below. These cables have the classical configuration of a standardRG-type coaxial cable, where the high resistance wire is the central conductor and the braided shield acts as thereturn lead. A dielectric material placed between the resistance wire and the return lead provides both electricalinsulation and a physical barrier between them. The latter feature reduces the possibilities of short circuits duringhandling of the PROBECABLE. A plastic outer layer protects the PROBECABLE from tearing actions duringloading.

PROBECABLEand PROBECABLE-LRare used for measuring VODs of explosives in blastholes, and the delaytimes between holes and decks. The selection of either PROBECABLEor PROBECABLE-LRis based on the

total resistance of the circuit, which in turn depends on the number of holes being monitored. The only differencebetween these two cables relates to their nominal or unit resistance. PROBECABLE has a unit resistance of10.4 ohm/m (3.2 ohm/ft) while PROBECABLE-LR (LR stands for Low-Resistance) has a unit resistance of3.38 ohm/m (1.03 ohm/ft). The latter allows VOD recording for lengths up to approximately 850 m (2,800 ft) pertest. Both types of flexible probes are available from MREL.


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3.8 MICROTRAP TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Number of Channels 1 channel for VOD.Upgradeable to provide an additional 4 channels for DC voltage recording of othertypes of gauges.

Vertical Resolution 14 bits, 1 part in 16,384.

Recording Rate User selectable by Software from 1 Hz to 2 MHz.Total Recording Time@ 2 MHz Recording Rate

2.0 seconds (4 million data points). Reducing the Recording Rate increases theTotal Recording Time.Upgradeable to provide twice the amount of memory (8 million data points).

Pre-Trigger Time User selectable by Software from 0-100% of the Total Recording Time.

Trigger Modes User selectable on MicroTrap by switch: Internal or External.External Mode: user selectable by Software wire make or wire break.Internal Trigger Level: user selectable by Software from 2.4 to 98% of signal level.

Power Internal rechargeable Ni-Cad battery pack providing up to 12 hours of activeoperation when fully charged. The non-volatile memory allows the data to bestored securely regardless of the status of the internal battery pack. The BatteryCharger is provided in 120 or 220 VAC configurations. Recharging takes up to 16hours. Operational from AC mains power through Battery Charger and fromexternal DC power.

Multiple Event Storage User selectable by Software: up to 16 tests stored in permanent memory.

Components Provided MicroTrap, Battery Charger, Communications Cable, BNC Adapters, PaddedCarrying Case, Operations Manual and MicroTrap Advanced Analytical Softwarefor Windows '95, 98 and NT.

Size and Weight MicroTrap: 21 x 16 x 9 cm (8.25 x 6.25 x 3.5 in.); 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs.).System in Carrying Case: 23 x 22 x 18 cm (9 x 8.5 x 7 in); 3 kg (6.6 lbs.).

Environmental Operates at -40 to +80 C (-40 to +185 F). Snow, rain, dust and sand proof.System in Carrying Case is drop proof from at least a 1 m (3 ft) height.

PC Connection After conducting the test(s), the MicroTrap connects to the PC LPT1 parallelprinter port, allowing downloading of data 5 times faster than with an RS232communication cable (assuming PCs LPT port is configured to ECP).

Software MicroTrap Advanced Analytical Software runs under 32 bit Windows 95, 98 andNT operating systems. It provides fast downloading of data to the computer andautomatically displays graphs of DISTANCE or VOLTAGE versus TIME,depending on the type of testing conducted. All Software operations are pointand click. Unlimited Zoom capabilities on graphs and conversion of voltagegraphs to graphs of engineering units versus time. VOD and hole/deck delay timeanalysis capability of any part of the VOD trace. Annotating, printing, saving andexporting of graphs and data to other Windows applications. The MicroTrapSoftware is based on MRELs proven SuperTrap, DataTrap-VOD, MiniTrap

IIand

DataTrap-Scope Software being used around the world. User selectable: Metricor Imperial units.

VOD Excitation/Safety The MicroTrap automatically adjusts its excitation voltage for the maximum 14-bitresolution across the VOD probe. All VOD operating parameters are recorded bythe MicroTrap with no requirements for additional instrumentation. For safetyconsiderations, the MicroTrap is physically unable to output as much as 50 mA ofcurrent to a VOD probe.

VOD Resistance Probes A complete line of VOD probes is available from MREL to record the VOD ofexplosive samples and multiple holes in large surface mine blasts. The MicroTrapcan record VODs across PROBECABLE-LR (resistance cable) lengths of up to900 m (2,950 ft.) per test.


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4.1 INTRODUCTION TO RECORDING DC VOLTAGE SIGNALS

The MicroTrap with optional Scope Upgrade is capable of recording DC voltage signals on 1 to 4 channels.Additionally, the VOD channel can be used to record VOD data simultaneous with the recording of voltagesignals. When simultaneously recording voltage and VOD data the triggering of the MicroTrap, when set onINTernal triggering, is controlled by the VOD channel. Details on the procedure for recording VOD data areprovided in the MicroTrap VOD Operations Manual.

The MicroTrap and associated Softwareare specifically designed to be used with gauges, power supplies andsignal conditioning equipment producing DC voltage signals in the 10 to +10 VDC range or lower. As detailed inSection 1.4the Scope 1, Scope 2, Scope 3 and Scope 4 channels can be individually set to accept a variety ofuni-polar and bi-polar voltage ranges. The 0-2.5, 0-5 and 0-10 volt ranges refer to the uni-polar setting commonly

used to measure slow changing events such as temperature recordings. The -2.5 - 2.5, -5 - 5 and -10 - 10 volranges refer to the bipolar mode which is frequently used to record faster events such as explosion & detonationpressures, blast vibrations, over-pressures, air blast, strains, etc.

MREL supplies tri-axial geophones and uni-axial velocimeters suitable for use with the MicroTrap to record far-field and near-field vibrations. Gauges or transducers used to measure other parameters are commerciallyavailable. Examples are the tourmaline and carbon resistor gauges to measure cross-borehole propagation, thePVDF transducers to measure detonation pressures, various PCB gauges to measure blast over-pressures aswell as various types of thermocouples to measure temperatures. The MicroTrap Scope channels do not applyany voltage or current to the gauges or transducers. Should they require excitation signals to operate, theappropriate power supply(s) should then be acquired from the gauge manufacturers or suppliers.

The MicroTraps Advanced Analytical Software automatically displays the recorded data as graphs of voltage

versus time. The Software includes menu functions that allow the Operator to apply equations to convert thevoltage data into graphs of engineering units versus time. The type of engineering units depends on the type ogauge being recorded and is easily defined by the Operator.

4.2 CONNECTING GAUGES TO THE MICROTRAP

The equipment and supplies that are required to record voltage signals from gauges are:1. The MicroTrap System.2. Gauges (maximum 4).3. Coaxial cable (type RG-58 is recommended) - sufficient length to run between the MicroTrap location and the

gauge.4. Wire cutters and electrical tape.

The procedure for connecting the gauges to the MicroTrap is as follows:

1. Place the MicroTrap in a protective shelter and/or a safe distance away from the test area. This distance maybe closer than what is considered safe for the Operator. Once the setup is completed, the MicroTrap does norequire an Operator to collect the data; it does so automatically without Operator assistance.

2. For each gauge to be recorded, run a length of coaxial cable from the MicroTrap to the gauge with enoughexcess length to compensate for cable shortening or cable damage from each test (if applicable). Shorter

This Chapter provides the Operator with detailed instructions on connecting the gauges to theMicroTrap and setting the MicroTrap hardware to record the voltage signals produced by the gauges.

CHAPTER 4: RECORDING VOLTAGE SIGNALS FROM GAUGES


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lengths of coaxial cable may be connected together using the wire cutters and electrical tape. A male BNCconnector should be attached to the end of the coaxial cable that is to be attached to the Scope inputs(labeled 1 2 3 4) at the back of the MicroTrap. Convenient BNC Adapters have been supplied with theMicroTrap for this purpose. The Adapterscan be connected to the coaxial cable using the wire cutters andelectrical tape. The connection should be shielding to shielding and center conductor to center conductor.Ensure that the center conductor and the shielding connections do not touch each other.

3. Note the calibration factors of the gauges being used. These calibration factors are generally equationsrelating voltage to engineering units. The calibration factors will be entered in the MicroTrap Softwareby theOperator to convert the voltage versus time graphs, to graphs of engineering units versus time.

4. Install the gauges.5. Connect the gauges to the coaxial cable using the wire cutters and electrical tape. Notice that the polarity of

the connection is important. The centre conductor of the coaxial cable is active and the shielding iscommon.

6. At the MicroTrap end, connect the coaxial cables to the Scope inputconnectors (labeled 1 2 3 4) located on the outside and at the backof the MicroTrap.

7. The gauge connection aspects of the test are complete. TheMicroTrap is now ready to be prepared to record the test as detailedin Section 4.4.

4.3 SIGNAL CABLE PROTECTION

It is important to protect the gauge signal cable from damage caused by personnel and machinery operating atthe test area. If testing explosives, it is also important to protect the cable from damage caused by detonation ofother holes and/or surface accessories such as detonating cord, detonating relays, and shock tube bunch blocks.

The cables may be protected in many ways. Experience has shown that it is best to lead the signal cable andcoaxial cable under the detonating cord and leave a barrier of sand or drill cuttings between the cables and thedetonating cord. A danger point is the collar area of the holes as the detonating cord or shock tube bunch blocksthat initiate the downlines may cross directly over the coaxial cable. A good procedure is to protect the areawhere there is a cross over for about 1.5 m (5 ft) along the length of cable. Experience has shown that a sand orstemming barrier thickness of 15-30 cm (0.5-1 ft) suffices to protect the cables.

4.4 MICROTRAP SETUP PROCEDURE FOR RECORDING VOLTAGE SIGNALS

Once the gauge(s) has been installed and connected to the RG-58 coaxial cable running to the Scope inputconnectors (labeled 1 2 3 4) on the MicroTrap, the Operator can start setting the MicroTrap to record voltagesignals. Changing the MicroTrap's recording parameters, such as recording rate, number of channels, triggerlevel, pre-trigger memory and allocating the MicroTraps memory to multiple tests should all have beenaccomplished, if required, in the office environment. All changes are accomplished through use of the MicroTrap

Advanced Analytical Software (Section 1.4).


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The procedure to record a new test consists of the following steps:

1. Ensure that the coaxial cable coming from the gauge(s) is connected to the Scope input connectors (labeled 12 3 4) on the MicroTrap.

2. Turn the MicroTrap ON. The STATUS light will illuminate and begin to flash quickly for approximately 2seconds while the MicroTrap conducts some internal verification testing. If the MicroTrap passes the internaverification tests, the STATUS light will begin to flash slowly (Stand-by mode). The Operator can go toStep 3. If the MicroTrap fails to pass the internal verification tests, the STATUSlight will flash three times insuccession and EEwill appear on the LED. If this happens, switch the MicroTrap OFFand start again at thebeginning of Step 2. If the MicroTrap continues to fail the internal verification tests, then contact MREL as theMicroTrap requires service.

3. Press the NEXT TEST button; the STATUS light will stop flashing and will remain illuminated (Activemode).

4. Press the TOTAL TESTS button and notice the total number of tests in to which the MicroTraps internamemory has been divided.

5. Press the REMAINING TESTS button and notice the number of tests available to be conducted to fill theMicroTraps internal memory. If this number does not equal the TOTAL TESTSnumber, then there are oneor more tests already in the MicroTraps internal memory. This would occur under the following situations:a. The test about to be conducted is part of a series of tests that is being conducted in succession before

the data from all of the tests is to be transferred to a computer.b. The MicroTraps internal memory was not cleared by the Softwareduring the previous data transfer to

the computer (Section 1.4).

6. Ensure the EXT/INT TRIGswitch is set to the INTernal position. The use of external EXTernal triggering isdiscussed in Section 4.5.

7. Look for the OUT OF RANGEwarning light indicators ( and ). If there is a warning light, then the voltagebeing produced by one of the gauges is out of the voltage range set by Software in Section 1.4. If this is thecase, then disconnect the signal wires from the MicroTrap, individually one at a time, until the warning lightgoes off. When the warning light goes off then the problem gauge has been located. The Operator should testhe cable connections to the gauge and power supply. A voltmeter should be used to verify the baseline

If the Operator is sure he does not wish to keep the existing data in memory, then the Operatorcan either clear the MicroTraps internal memory using the Software (Section 1.4) or by thefollowing procedure:a. Turn ONthe MicroTrap.b. Press the NEXT TESTbutton to put the MicroTrap in Act ivemode. The STATUSlight should

be on.c. Simultaneously press the NEXT TESTand STOP buttons and hold them down. The LEDwill

display a blinking dE. Release the buttons.d. Simultaneously press the START and STOP buttons and hold them down. The LED will

display dE without blinking. Release the buttons. All of the data in the MicroTraps memorywill be deleted.

e. Turn OFFthe MicroTrap. Turn ONthe MicroTrap and pressing the TOTAL TESTSbutton andthen the REMAINING TESTSbutton will confirm that these numbers are equal and that all ofthe test data in the MicroTraps memory has been deleted.

f. Go to Step 3.

!

MREL recommends setting the Number of Tests = 16 for when recording short duration events.This reduces the quantity of data collected per test and conserves the computers disk space. Ata 1 MHz recording rate, a MicroTrap with standard memory will record for a total of 65 ms pertest if the Number of Tests = 16 and the Number of Channels = 4. This is sufficient recordingtime for many short duration events. See Section 4.6 for more information on memory.


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voltage output of the gauge. If the OUT OF RANGElights are not illuminated the Operator can proceed withthe next step.

8. Press the START button. The START light will illuminate steadily. The MicroTrap then starts monitoring theblast, waiting for the trigger signal to start collecting voltage data. Personnel can now vacate the MicroTraplocation.

9. When the triggering condition is met (i.e. the voltage signal on one of the channels has crossed the trigger

level set in Section 1.4), the MicroTrap will trigger and start collecting voltage data. Upon triggering, theTRIGD light will illuminate and remain illuminated during the collection of data (this time depends of theRecording Rate programmed into the MicroTrap). The STARTand STATUS lights will be on. Immediatelyupon triggering, the MicroTrap will send a 10 VDC signal to the SIRENconnector. This will cause a 6 secondaudible signal to be emitted from the optional MicroTrap Siren if the MicroTrap Siren is connected to theSIREN connector on the back of the MicroTrap. Contact MREL for more information on the MicroTrap Siren.Some Operators may wish to trigger other instrumentation from the 10 VDC signal, which is sent to theSIRENconnector when the MicroTrap triggers. For the information of those Operators, the rise time on thesignal is approximately 2 microseconds from the time that the MicroTrap is triggered to record.

10. Once data collection ends, the TRIGDand STARTlights flash rapidly and the MicroTrap starts storing datainto its non-volatile memory. During the storing period, the STATUS light is on. Do not switch theMicroTrap OFF at this point.

11. Upon finishing the data storing process, the START light will go off, and the STATUS andTRIGD lights will

begin to flash slowly. The MicroTrap returns to the Stand-bymode.

12. If testing has been completed then go to Step 13. Otherwise, press the REMAINING TESTS button toconfirm how many tests can be still hosted by the MicroTrap before downloading of the data to a computer isrequired. If there are 1 or more tests remaining in the memory:a. The MicroTraps Recording Parameters can be changed for subsequent tests by using the Software,

Section 1.4, orb. If the Recording Parameters are to remain the same and another test is to be performed then go to

Step 3.If there are 0 tests remaining in the memory, then either download the data to a computer (Section 5.1) andreturn to Step 1, or go to Step 13.

13. If no more experiments are to be conducted and the data storing process has been finished (Step 11 above),then the data are ready to be transferred to a computer using the Softwareas detailed in Section 5.1. If data

transfer is to be conducted later, then the MicroTrap can be switched OFFand the data will remain in theMicroTraps non-volatile memory.

If the MicroTrap has triggered prematurely and the data collected is of no use, for example due tosomeone driving over the signal lines, then the Operator may reset the MicroTraps internalmemory back one test using the following procedure:a. Do not turn OFF the MicroTrap after the test, the STATUS light and TRIGD lights should be

flashing.b. To erase the data from the last test; simultaneously press the TOTAL TESTSand REMAINING

TESTSbuttons and hold them until this procedure is complete. The LEDdisplay will show ct.c. After about 2 seconds, the ct will begin blinking. After another 2 seconds, the ct will

disappear. Release the buttons. The data from the last test has been deleted.d. Turn OFFthe MicroTrap. Turn ONthe MicroTrap and pressing the TOTAL TESTSbutton and

then the and REMAINING TESTS button will confirm that the remaining tests have beenincreased by 1 and that the last test in the MicroTraps memory has been deleted.

e. Go to Step 3.


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4.5 UTILIZING THE EXTERNAL TRIGGER

In some data recording applications, it may be desirable to have the MicroTrap begin to record exactly when aspecific event occurs. For the specific event to start at time = 0 on the graph, the EXT TRIG connector, on theoutside and back of the MicroTrap, is used.

Connect one of the BNC Adaptersto the EXT TRIG connector. Connect a duplex wire to the BNC Adapterusingcutters and electrical tape. The polarity of the connection does not matter. The assembly consisting of the BNCAdapterand duplex wire is called the Trigger Wire.

When the EXT/INT TRIG switch on the front panel of the MicroTrap is set to EXT, the MicroTrap will beginrecording when either the Trigger Wirebecomes shorted (if the Softwarehas been set for MAKECircuit); owhen the Trigger Wirebecomes open circuit (if the Softwarehas been set to BREAKCircuit). The procedurefor using the Softwareto set MAKEor BREAKEXTernal trigger is detailed in Section 1.4.

To prepare the "test" end of the duplex wire to wait for a MAKECircuit trigger: remove the insulation from one ofthe wires and wrap it around the second insulated wire such that the circuit remains open. Upon the duplex wirecircuit becoming shorted, the MicroTrap will begin recording data. Any explosive event such as a detonator firingdetonating cord firing or a booster firing will short such a circuit and cause the MicroTrap to collect data. Pre

trigger points will still be collected per the settings of the MicroTrap, but time=0 on the graph will be the precisetime when the Trigger Wirebecame shorted.

To prepare the "test" end of the duplex wire to wait for a BREAKCircuit trigger: connect the two ends of theduplex wire together such that the circuit is closed. Upon the duplex wire circuit becoming broken, the MicroTrapwill begin recording data. Any explosive event such as a detonator firing, detonating cord firing or a booster firingwill break such a circuit and cause the MicroTrap to collect data. Pre-trigger points will still be collected per thesettings of the MicroTrap, but time=0 on the graph will be the precise time when the Trigger Wire becamebroken.


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4.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON MEMORY

The MicroTrap, with standard memory,has a large circular memory containing4,194,000 data points. These data pointsare allocated according to the number of

tests in which the MicroTraps memoryhas been divided, and the number ofChannels being recorded. These values,for a selected Recording Rate, define theavailable Total Recording Time for eachtest. Selection of the number of tests tobe recorded, the number of Channelsand the Recording Rate is done using theSoftwareas detailed in Section 1.4.

The MicroTrap Software automaticallycalculates and displays the TotalRecording Time per Test and the Pre-

Trigger Time. Notice that the graphicshown is for a MicroTrap with the optional MicroTrap Memory Upgradeinstalled.

For those Operators with additional interest in recording times:

A general equation to calculate the Total Recording Time (Pre-trigger Time + Post-trigger Time) is:

Total Recording Time (seconds) = 4,194,000/((# of tests)x(# of channels)x(recording rate))

If the number of tests selected is one, and only one channel is being recorded, the available recording time will bemaximized for a given Recording Rate. For example, at the maximum Recording Rate 1 MHz, the TotalRecording Time will be:

4,194,000/((1 test)x(1 channel)x(1,000,000 points/sec)) = 4.194 seconds

At a slower Recording Rate of 500 kHz (for example), the Total Recording Time will become 8.390 seconds.

If the MicroTraps internal memory is divided into 4 tests and there are 4 Scope channels on and VOD is alsobeing recorded, the MicroTrap will partition the memory allocating 4,194,000 points/((4 tests)x(5 channels)) =209,700 points per test per channel. Following the previous example, the Total Recording Time per test can becalculated as follows:

4,194,000/((4 tests)x(5 channels)(1,000,000 points/sec)) = 0.210 seconds

If the Recording Rate is reduced to 500 kMHz, the Total Recording Time will become 0.42 seconds per test perchannel. If these recording times are insufficient for your testing applications, then contact MREL and ask about

the MicroTrap Memory Upgrade, which doubles the MicroTraps internal memory and thus doubles the TotalRecording Time.


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5.1 RETRIEVING DATA FROM THE MICROTRAP

The procedure to retrieve data from the MicroTrap to a computer is as follows:



4. At the Main Menu click on the Retrieve Databutton or with the keyboardpress Alt-R. Data retrieval can be accomplished without the use of acomputer mouse by pressing tab to move between data entry fields.

5. Choose a drive, directory and file name in which the MicroTrap datawill be stored. The directory defaults to C:\MicroTrap\Data. The filename, in this case, is 2000Jun006, which indicates the 6

th time data

has been downloaded from the MicroTrap in June of 2000. TheOperator can name the file anything he wishes. The numbers from 01to 16 will be added to the name, depending on the number of testsdownloaded from the MicroTraps memory, in case of multiple tests inthe MicroTrap memory. Other MicroTrap files already stored in thedirectory are also displayed. Clicking on the Compress Data tick boxturns the file compression on or off. With Compress Data on, theretrieval from the MicroTrap takes longer for some computers;however but the file size is reduced conserving computer disk space.Note that new directories can be created from this window using theCreate New Directorybutton. As well, that the current directory canbe Set as Default Start Directory for saving files. When allinformation is entered, click on the Retrieve Databutton. Otherwise,click on the Cancelbutton to return to the Main Menu.

Ensure that Chapter 1 has been successful ly completed prior to b eginning Ch apter 5.

CHAPTER 5: MICROTRAP SOFTWARE


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6. A reminder message windowis then displayed. Click onOK.

7. Since there was only one testrecorded in the MicroTraps memory,the downloading starts automaticallyand displays the download progress.

8. If there were multiple tests recordedin the MicroTraps memory, then theOperator is asked to click on whichtests he wants to download.

9. After the retrieval is finished, a Message is displayed.Click on OK.

10. For each test that the Operatordownloaded, an Enter Commentsand VOD Probe Resistance windowis displayed in sequence. TheScope and VOD settings of theMicroTrap for that test aredisplayed. Notice that for this test,the VOD and Scope Channels 1, 3

and 4 were recorded. For the VODtest, the Operator must click on thepreferred units of measurement,metres or feet. He must also tickthe type of resistance probe used inthe VOD test. No data input isrequired for the Scope Channels.The Operator can add comments


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about the test. These comments will allow the Operator to see what is in the file when he looks for a file toanalyze. Notice that the test in the example will be stored in a file named 2000Jun006_01.mcr. If theOperator downloaded 2 tests then a new Enter Resistances window would appear after the Operator clicks onAccept Test 1. The second test would be stored in the file named 2000Jun006_02.mcr. Click on the AcceptTest 1button when the resistance information for Test 1 has been entered for the test. Repeat this procedurefor any subsequent tests.

11. After all of the data has been entered for all of the tests downloaded, and the final Accept Test button hasbeen pressed, the Communications Cablecan be detached from the computer and the MicroTrap and theOperator can proceed to analyze the data.

5.2 SELECTING DATA FILES FOR ANALYSIS

The procedure to select a MicroTrap file for analysis is as follows:

1. If the MicroTrap Softwareis not running, start the MicroTrap Softwarebyclicking on Start-Programs-MicroTrap 4.0-MicroTrap 4.0.

2. At the Main Menu click on the Analyze Databutton or with the keyboardpress Alt-A.

3. Click on the file name of interest. Use the File Commentsbox as a guide to each files content.

4. Click on the Open button when a file has been selected,otherwise click on the Cancelbutton to return to the MainMenu. Note that the current directory can be set as thedefault directory for opening files.

For this example, 2000Jun006_01 is chosen to illustrate theresults of a VOD test and simultaneous pressuremeasurements on a sample of explosives.

Clicking on the Openbutton automatically starts the MicroTrapAdvanced Analytical Software with the chosen data file. Thefollowing Section outlines the capabilities of the Analytical

Software.


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5.3 INTRODUCTION TO ANALYSIS

The following screen is displayed when a Scope file has been chosen for analysis and all of the sub-graphspreviously saved with the file are opened. Notice in this example that a VOD test was also conducted:

The screen contains three main areas that are summarized below, and are discussed in more detail in thefollowing Sections as well as in Chapter 6:Desktop: the area having the MREL logo as background. One or more graphs can be displayed in maximized,normalized or minimized size states in the area.Tools Bar: a moveable menu of icons, which allows the Operator to access analysis and graphics tools.Formula Bar: a moveable menu of pull down menus which allows the Operator to easily apply a formula toconvert voltage data to engineering units in the active Scope graph.Menu Bar: located across the top of the screen. It includes pull down menus for File, Graph, Edit, Analyze,Window and Help.

5.4 DESKTOP

When a data file is initially opened, the Desktop area of the Software, which has as a background the MRELlogo, shows the Original VODgraph (if a VOD test was conducted) and Original Scope Channel graphs in aminimized state. The data and graphics on these Originalgraphs can not be changed. New graph names mustbe given to the modified graphs (or sub-graphs). In this way, the original data for the test can never be lost. Inthe example in Section 5.3, the 2000Jun006_01 data file at this point in the analysis has only 1 VOD graph,


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which is the Original VODgraph and 3 OriginalScope graphs, which are original Scope Channel graphs fochannels 1, 3and 4.

From these Originalgraphs, other sub-graphs can be made and saved by the Operator under new graph namesThese sub-graphs can include some or all of the data in the original graph and can include graphics, text andanalysis information as added by the Operator. The next time the data file is chosen for analysis, the Origina

graph and all sub-graphs will be opened. There is no limit to the number of sub-graphs which can be createdfrom an Original graph. The procedure for creating sub-graphs is discussed in Chapter 6.

By clicking on either the normalize icon or on the maximize icon on any minimized graphs (per normal Windowsprocedures) the data can be viewed and analyzed.

5.5 TOOLS BAR

The Tools Bar contains a selection of ten (10) tool buttons used to add or modify the graphscharacteristics, text and graphics and to apply analysis procedures to the data in the graphs tocalculate VODs and delay times between holes. The Tools Bar can be moved anywhere onthe Desktop. The basic functions of each of the tool buttons are outlined below:

The Select Tool has many functions including: selecting, moving, minimizing,maximizing and normalizing graphs; selecting and modifying any component of thegraphs by double clicking on the component (i.e. x-axis, y-axis, data, text, titles).

The Text Toolallows the Operator to add new text/titles/comments to graphs.

The Zoom In Toolallows the Operator to zoom in on any part of the data and graph.

The Zoom Out Tool restores the data to the previous range before a zooming in operation wasperformed.

The Data Value Tooldisplays the digital x, y (time, distance) value of any data point on the graph.

The Line Toolallows the Operator to add a straight line to graphs.

The Arrow Toolallows the Operator to add a straight arrowhead line/pointer to graphs.

The VOD Toolallows the Operator to automatically calculate the VOD for any part of the VOD graph bydoing a linear regression on all of the data between any two data points on the graph.

The Delay Tool allows the Operator to automatically calculate the delay time between any two datapoints on the graph.

The Print Toolallows the Operator to print the active graph.


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5.6 MENU BAR

The Menu Bar contains a selection of six (6) pull down menus used to open data files and their associatedgraphs, save sub-graphs, print graphs, export data and graphics, move and erase bad data points, arrangegraphs on the Desktop and provide access to the digital VOD Operations Manual. The Menu Bar is alwayslocated at the top of the Desktop. The basic functions of each of the pull down menus are outlined below:

The Filemenu allows the Operator to Opendata files, display the name of the Currentdata file, Savethe currentdata file including the associated graphs and Exitthe Analysis section of the Software.

The Graphmenu allows the Operator to Listthe graphs associated with the current data file, Saveand Renamethe sub-graphs, Delete the sub-graphs, Close the sub-graphs for the current analysis session, and Print theactive graph.

The Editmenu allows the Operator to Change the Axesof the graph and Copy the Graph to the computersmemory for pasting into other Windows applications such as word-processors. Additionally the Operator canCopy the X Data and Copy the Y Data , which comprises the graph, for subsequent pasting into Windowsspreadsheets.


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The Analyzemenu allows the Operator to Zoomin on the graph, Undo the last Zoom, Reset the graph to fulrange, Removebad data points, Movebad data points, calculate a VOD using Linear Regression, calculate aVOD from 2 Points on the graph, Remove Negative Distance Changes on a graph, calculate a Y valueDifferenceand calculate a time Delay.

The Remove and Remove Negative Distances Changes menu items can be used on data points thasometimes result from inefficient shorting of the probe, causing downward spikes in the data.

For example, when explosivesreact very slowly, there may beinefficient shorting of the probe.This may result in a graph similar tothat shown which is a VOD recordfrom a MiniTrap

II Explosives

Continuous VOD Recorder. Thetrend of the VOD is apparent,however there are many downward

spikes on the trace; this makes thenormal Calculate VOD using theLinear Regression inaccurate. Insuch cases the Operator canCalculate VOD From 2 Pointsfrom the Analyze menu.

The Remove Negative DistanceChanges item allows the Operatorto improve the appearance of thegraph for presentation purposes inan automated fashion.


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The Windowmenu allows the Operator to automatically arrange the non-minimized graphs on the Desktop inthree (3) ways: Cascade, tile Vertically, and tile Horizontally. This menu also allows the Operator toautomatically Arrangethe minimized graph icons.

Although not shown on the following graphic, the Help menu allows the Operator to access the Adobe Acrobatformat of the MicroTrap VOD Operations Manual and the MicroTrap SCOPE Operations Manual on hiscomputer. The Operator must have Adobe Acrobat Reader Software to read and print the VOD OperationsManual. The Adobe Acrobat Reader Software is available free of charge from the Adobe Internet web site atwww.adobe.com. The Help menu also displays information About the MicroTrap Software, including contactinformation for MREL.

5.7 FORMULA BAR

The Formula Bar is only available for analyzing Scope graphs. It isoriginally minimized, and it becomes full-size when one of thefunction tabs is clicked.

To access the current formula,click on the Y(V) tab.

The Minimize tab is used to minimize the Formula Bar.

The Applybutton applies the typed formula to the data currently in view. It also updates the y-axis ifnew units have been entered. This button is not available for original graphs (the ones labeled

Channel 1 or Channel 2). For these graphs, the formula and units are entered and the Apply to New Graphbutton is pressed.

The Apply to New Graphbutton creates a new graph with the same time range as thegraph currently in view. It applies the formula to the original voltage data. It also labels

the y-axis with any new units entered in the Y-axistab.


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The Formula tab displays the formula being applied to the active graph. The formula can bechanged by the Operator. It is entered using normal mathematical notation and can contain

spaces. The formula is applied to the data as Volts if "V" is used or as milliVolts if "mVis used. Numbers must use a period as a decimal separator, so "0,5" will cause anerror and should be entered as "0.5". Numbers cannot be expressed in some

notations, for example "4.74e-06", but these numbers can be entered as "0.00000474" or the more readable"4.74*10^-6".

The formula operators available are:

Sin, Cos, Tan, Atn(uses radians)Log10, Exp, Log(natural logarithm)Abs(absolute value), Sqr(square root)+,-, *(plus, minus, multiply)/(real number division i.e.: 7/2=3.5), \(integer division i.e.: 7/2=3)^(to the power of)

Also, the constant Piand user-defined constants can b

Documents

MicroTrap SCOPE Operations Manual Edition 3.pdf