Procedia Computer Science 85 ( 2016 ) 401 – 409

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

1877-0509 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of CMS 2016doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.05.181

ScienceDirect

International Conference on Computational Modeling and Security (CMS 2016)

Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design to Improve Better Gains

Vasujadevi Midasala1, Dr. P. Siddaiah2 1Research Scholar, JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India

2Professor & Principal, University College of Engineering & Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur

Abstract

This paper presents a 3x3 antenna array of ractangular topology is designed to operate at Ku Band. The antenna has been designed as arrays of patches, wrequirements of low side lobe level and good cross polarization. The operating frequency of array is from 12 to 18 GHz. The antenna array has been designed and simulated on FR4 Substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. This paper presents that, the detail steps of designing and simulating the rectangular patch antenna and rectangular patch antenna Array in Ku-band. The design is analysed by FEM based HFSS 14.0 by which return loss, 3D polar plot, Directivity, VSWR and Gain of the antenna are computed. The software simulated results are shows that the proposed antenna array provides good performance in terms of return loss, VSWR and Gain. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 2016 International Conference on Computational Modeling and Security (CMS 2016).

Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Rectangular Patch Antenna, HFSS 14.0, Return Loss, VSWR, 3D Polar Plot, Directivity, Gain;

1. Introduction Antenna Array Also called an array antenna, antenna arrays are several antennas connected & arranged in a regular structure to form a single antenna. also Phased array antenna (PAA) is a multiple antenna system, in which, that the radiation pattern can be reinforced in a particular direction & suppressed in undesired directions. The direction of phased array radiation can be electronically steered obviating the need for any mechanical rotation. These unique capabilities found that the phased arrays a broad range of applications since the advent of this advanced technology.

* Vasujadevi Midasala, Tel.: +91-9989545567; E-mail address: vasujadevi@gmail.com

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of CMS 2016

402 Vasujadevi Midasala and P. Siddaiah / Procedia Computer Science 85 ( 2016 ) 401 – 409

In Modern days Communication Systems, these Antenna arrays plays an important role to create a communication link. Microstrip Patch antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems because of they have low profile, of light weight, low cost, conformal design, low power handling capacity and easy to integrate and fabricate. They can be designed in a variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain and bandwidth. Microstrip Patch Antenna implementations is a mile stone in wireless communication system designs [1].

Phased array antennas are traditionally used for military radar applications. Another important one that can take the advantage of phased arrays is automotive collision avoidance radar or adaptive cruise control technology.

The major Advantages of Antenna Arrays are;

Increase the overall gain. Provide diversity reception. Cancel out interference from a particular set of directions. Steer" the array so that it is most sensitive in a particular direction. Determine the direction of arrival of the incoming signals. To maximize the Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR).

2. Design of Proposed Antenna In this paper 3x3 Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Array is Design at 13GHz frequency has been designed and simulated at Ku-band.

Fig.1 3x3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design (Cropped Image)

403 Vasujadevi Midasala and P. Siddaiah / Procedia Computer Science 85 ( 2016 ) 401 – 409

Fig.2 3x3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design (original Image from HFSS 14.0) The above figures can represents, 3x3 Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design. Fig.1 represents the cropped image of proposed antenna array. fig. 2 represents the 3x3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array original Image from HFSS 14.0. for this design the Method used to analyze antenna is FEM (Finite Element Method) and the Excitation Technique Used is Probe Feeding. The spacing between antenna elements fig.3 and Fig.4 can explain about the details of setup & sweep of proposed design. Design Setup:

Fig.3 Setup of 3x3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

404 Vasujadevi Midasala and P. Siddaiah / Procedia Computer Science 85 ( 2016 ) 401 – 409

Sweep:

Fig.4 Sweep of 3x3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

The Antenna design considerations are also shown below: Design Considerations: Array Size :3X3 Substrate material: FR4 Relative permititvity 2.2, loss tangent 0.0009 Position "-subX/2 ,-subY/2 ,0cm" "-1.15cm , -0.95cm , 0cm" XSize subX 2.3cm YSize subY 1.9cm ZSize subH 62mil Patch: Position "-patchX/2 ,-patchY/2 ,subH" "-0.455cm, -0.335cm , 62mil" Axis Z XSize patchX 0.91cm YSize patchY 0.67cm

405 Vasujadevi Midasala and P. Siddaiah / Procedia Computer Science 85 ( 2016 ) 401 – 409

The below table can give the corresponding values of Design Parameters.

TABLE : Design Parameters & Corresponding Values

Design Parameter Value Operating Frequency 13.333 GHz Dielectric Constant of the substrate 4.4 height of the substrate 0.157 cm Length of substrate 3 cm Width of substrate 3 cm Height of coax pin 0.157 cm Radius of coax pin 0.2 mm Array Size (NxM) 3x3

3. Simulation Results using HFSS 14.0 The below figures can represents the return loss, 3D polar plot, VSWR, Directivity, Radiation Pattern, E-Field Radiation Pattern & H-Field Radiation Pattern is obtained by using HFSS 14.0. Return Loss: Return loss is a measure of that, how well lines/devices are matched.

Fig.5 Return Loss for 3x3 Patch Antenna Array The above figure can represents the Return Loss of 3x3 patch antenna Array have a frequency at 13.33 Hz.

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3D Polar Plot:

Fig.6 3D Polar Plot for 3x3 Patch Antenna Array The above figure can represents the 3D polar plot of 3x3 patch antenna Array have a gain at 17.29 db VSWR:

Voltage standing wave ratio commonly known as VSWR is a way to measure transmission line imperfections. from the below figure this paper got VSWR as 0.7807 for the corresponding frequency of 13.33 Hz.

Fig.7 VSWR for 3x3 Patch Antenna Array

407 Vasujadevi Midasala and P. Siddaiah / Procedia Computer Science 85 ( 2016 ) 401 – 409

Dirctivity:

Fig.8 Dirctivity of 3x3 Patch Antenna Array

Radiation Pattern:

Fig.9 Radiation Pattern of 3x3 Patch Antenna Array

E-Field Radiation pattern:

Fig.10 E-Field Radiation Pattern of 3x3 Patch Antenna Array

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H-Field Radiation pattern

Fig.11 H-Field Radiation Pattern of 3x3 Patch Antenna Array

The above figures can represents the Screen shots of Directivity, Radiation Pattern of E-Field & H-Fields.

4. Conclusions Antenna array concept is used to improve the better gain of different antennas by nullify the side lobes. This paper explains about a 3x3 Rectangular microstrip patch antenna Arrays using HFSS 14.0. For the proposed design this paper got a high gain of 17.29 db, return loss at 13.33 hz and the VSWR value is 0.7807 (value<2). By using antenna arrays this paper gets high gain. In future this paper concentrates on manufacture of the proposed design and testing will be done by network analyzer.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the higher authorities of JNTUA and Acharya Nagarjuna University to use ISRO Data Anaysis Centre and R & D Laboratories.

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