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RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaCati sasna RBHmhakSRt
- - -
KeRmagEbgEckdIsRmab;GPivDÆesdækic© nigsgÁm
Land Allocation for Social and Economic Development
(LASED)
karvaytémøbrisßan nigEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan Environmatal Assessemnet an Enviromantal Management
Plan (EA-EMP)
E1805V1
ExFñÚ qñaM2007
2
1> esckþIsegçb1> KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© maneKaledAKaMRTdl;karGnuvtþn_kmµviFI sm,TandIsgÁmkic©rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa tamry³karEbgEckdIFøI karpþl;esvakmµRTRTg; nig GPivDÄehdæarcnasm<½n§ edIm,IelIksÜÞyCIvPaBrs;enARbcaMéf¶rbs;RbCaBlrdæ EdlKµandI nigxVHdI . 2> KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© maneKalbMNgsMxan;²cMnYnBIr KW ³ ¬1¦ edIm,Ibgðaj nigGnuvtþnItiviFIedaymantmøaPaB nigmanbTdæanRtwmRtUv sMrab;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© EdlpþÜcepþIm nigGnuvtþedayfñak;mUldæan nig¬2¦ edIm,IEbgEckdIrbs;rdæ EdlsmRsbsMrab;eFVIksikmµ rYmpSMCamYyesvakmµpÁt;pÁg;smRsb edIm,Ipþl;CUnRKYsarEdlKµandIFøI nigxVHdI . 3> KeRmagmanEpnkarCYydl;RKYsarEdlKµandI RbmaN 10>000 RKYsar
- TMB½r3 -
edIm,IbegáInCIvPaBrs;enA tMbn;CnbT kñúgextþcMnYn 03 KW ³ kMBg;cam RkecH nigkMBg;FM . kñúgGMLúgeBlerobcMKeRmagEbgEckdI edIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© TItaMgsakl,gcMnYn 02 ¬XMuCaMRkevon Rsukemmt; kñúgextþkMBg;cam nigXMusMbuk¼XMucRgág; RsukRkecH kñúgextþRkecH¦ kMBugGnuvtþsakl,g nigpþl;Ca bTBiesaFn_edIm,IerobcMKeRmagTaMgmUl .4> KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© mansmasPaBsMxan;²cMnYn 04 KW ³ ¬1¦ kar eFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic©edayfñak;XMu nigkarEbgEckdI ¬2¦esvakmµGPivDÆn_CnbT nigkar vinieyaK ¬3¦ karerobcMkmµviFIRbkbedaynirnþrPaB nigtmøaPaB nig ¬4¦karRKb;RKgKMerag nig Epñkrdæ)al.5> karvaytémøbrisßan nigEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan )anelIkeLIgBItMrUvkarrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak nig tMrUvkarrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa sMedAFanakareFVIvinieyaKenAkñúgbribTsm,TandIsgÁmkic© edayBMubgá [ekItmanplb:HBal;GviC¢manF¶n;F¶rdl;vis½ybrisßan edaydak;ecjCamunnUvviFankarN_kat;bnßy nig RKb;RKgkarGnuvtþ rYmTaMgynþkaredIm,I®tYtBinitü nigvaytémølT§plénkarGnuvtþKRmag. KeRmag EbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic©
- TMB½r4 -
nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© RtUv)anvaytémøfa CaKMeragRbePT: “B” sMrab; eKalbMNgrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak . karvaytémøbrisßan nigEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan k¾)ansegçbbBaða sMxan;²Tak;TgnwgkarvaytémøsgÁm nigvb,F’m1 pgEdr . 6> KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgGnuvtþtamnItiviFIkMritmUldæanmkkMritCati [RsbeTAnwgkmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . edayBMuTan;dwgc,as; BITItaMg nigTMhMénkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© rhUtdl;bBaðaenHRtUv)ankMNt; dUecñH viFIsaRsþEdldak;ecj sMrab;dMeNIrkarGnuvtþ elIkarvaytémøbrisßan nigEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan RtUveFVIsmahrnþkmµ rvag bBaðasuvtißPaBbrisßaneTAnwgkareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dI nigskmµPaBBinitüelIEpñksgÁm EdlnwgRtUv)an erobcMeLIgedaymankarcUlrYm 1 eyagelIÉksarRkbxNÐénkartaMgTIlMenACafµI RkbxNÐEpnkarsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic nigEpnkarkarBarebtikP½NÐb,Fm’
- TMB½r5 -
enAkñugdMNak;kaleFVIEpnkar nigdMNak;kalGnuvtþ . sßab½n nigbuKÁlik GnuvtþKeRmag nwgRtUv)aneKpþl;B½t’man brikça nigkar]btßmÖnana EdlcaM)ac;sMrab;eFVIkarvaytémø plb:HBal; nigeKalkarN_ENnaMedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaenH . karBinitüeLIgvijenAtamkMrit nigdMNak; kalepSgKña edIm,IFana[manRbsiT§PaBénkarRtYtBinitü. eKalbMNgénkarRtYtBinitüenH KWedIm,IFana fa kareFVIEpnkar nigkarGnuvtþEpnkar sm,TandIsgÁmkic©RtUv)aneKbBa©Úl dMeNIrkarénsuvtßiPaB brisßan nigsgÁm edIm,Ikat;bnßyCaGtibrma b¤lubbM)at;skþanuBlEdlGacTTYlplb:HBal;GviC¢man CaCagkarKitTukCamun b¤kat;bnßy EteTAelIplb:HBal;CalkçN³buKÁl.7> KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© eqøIytbeTAnwgeKalbMNg EdlmanEcg enAkñúgeKalneya)ayrbs;raCrdæaPi)alsþIBIkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk tamry³karelIksÜÞyCIvPaBrs;enA rbs;RKYsarRkIRk
- TMB½r6 -
nigRkumRbCaBlrdæEdlgayTTYlrgeRKaH nigedIm,IEklMGkareRbIR)as;dIEdl)an eRbIR)as; nigdIéRBricril tamry³dMeNIrkareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIedaymankarcUlrYm nig[)an smRsbtamlkçN³bec©keTs . c,ab;Edlman\Ti§BlcMbgeTAelIKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nig karGPivDÆn_esdækic© KWCac,ab;Tak;TgnwgkarRKb;RKgdIFøI2
nigc,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI3
GnuRkwtü nigRbkasBak;B½n§mYycMnYneTot . KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© erobcMeLIg kñúgRkbx½NÐvivtþn_ edIm,IkarGPivDÆn_tamEbbvimCÄkarEdlnwgbegáIt eLIgCamYykarGnum½tc,ab;sþIBIkar erobcMrcnasm<½n§extþ¼Rkug nigRsukxNÐ . dUecñH rcnasm<½n§rdæ)alrbs;KeRmag RtUv)anerobcMeLIgEbb vimCÄkar edIm,IeFVI[karGnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg KWeqøIytbCaGtibrimaeTAnwgtYnaTIcMbg elIkarRKb;RKgEpñk 2 c,ab;PUmi)alqñaM 2001> GnuRkwtü nigRbkas edIm,IGnuvtþc,ab;enH3 c,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI qñam 2002 GnuRkwtü nigRbkasedIm,IGnuvtþc,ab;enH
- TMB½r7 -
rdæ)alEdlnwgRtUvpþl;CUnedayfñak;extþ . tamviFIenH PaBxVHcenøaH nigPaBCan;Kña Edlmanrvag c,ab;PUmi)al nigc,ab;éRBeQI GacnwgQaneTArkkugsg;sIusrvagsßab½nnanaenAfñak;extþ munnwgbBa¢Ún sMukarGnum½tenAfñak;Cati .
8> KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgKaMRTdl;karvinieyaKelIkareFVIEpnkar eRbIR)as;dIedaymankarcUlrYm nigkarEbgEckdI elIEpñkksikmµ ehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT ¬pøÚÚvfñl; TIpSar salaeron mCÄmNÐlsuxPaB¦ nigkarpÁt;pÁg;Twks¥atCnbT. kareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIedaymankar cUlrYm nigskmµPaBEbgEckdIFøI nwgRtUvGnuvtþtamry³dMeNIrkarEdlmankarcUlrYm edaymankarKaMRT y;ageBjeljelIEpñkbec©keTs BIfñak;Rsuk fñak;extþ nigBIRbPBepSgeTot . kareFVIvinieyaKelIEpñk ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ¬enAkñúgsmasPaBTI2¦ nwgRtUv)anerobcM pÁt;pÁg; nigGnuvtþ tamRbB½n§EdlmanRsab; enAkñúgdMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_tamEbbvim
- TMB½r8 -
CÄkar enAkMritrdæ)alfñak;TabbMput . RbB½n§TaMgenH )anerobcMeLIg edaykmµviFIsIla nigbnþGnuvtþtamry³kmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar EdlkñúgenaHrYmman briFan karBarsuvtßiPaBeBjelj esovePAENnaM nignItiviFIepSg² Edl)anBinitüeLIgvijedayFnaKar BiPBelak . EpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøIcugeRkay nwgRtUv)anBinitüeLIgvijeTAelIkic©karBarbrisßaneday mnÞIrbrisßanextþ ehIyk¾Ca®tYtGñkBinitüsßanPaBenATItaMgKeRmag eRkayBIkarRbtibtþikñúgry³eBlBI 6-12 Ex rYcmk .
9> bBaðakgVl;cMbgcMeBaHbrisßan nigsgÁm KW ³ ¬1¦ kar)at;bg; b¤ karxUcxatéRBeQIEdlenAman GtßRbeyaCn_ TICMrkstVéRB nigkEnøgstVéRBqøgkat;sMxan; enAkñúg nigenACMuvijtMbn;eFVIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© ¬2¦ kareRCIserIsdIEdlKµanCICati b¤kareRbIR)as;dIFøIminsmRsb nig¼b¤ manlkçN³ hYsehtu Edlbgá[xUcdI nigRbPBTwk EdlnaMeTArkkare)aHbg;ecalTItaMgenaH
- TMB½r9 -
¬3¦ TItaMgEdlman RKab;minTan;pÞúH nigmanRKab;mInenAkñúgdI ¬4¦ karbMpøajtMbn;ebtikPNÐvb,Fm’ TItaMgsMNg;buraN ¬5¦ kareFVIEpnkarEpñksgÁmBMu)anRtwmRtUvcMeBaHshKmn_CnCatiedImPaKtic nigRkumRbCaBlrdægay TTYlrgeRKaH nig¬6¦ plb:HBal;edaypÞal; nigedayRbeyal bNþalmkBIkareFVIvinieyaKelIEpñk ehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT .
10> viFankarRKb;RKg nigviFankarkat;bnßybBaðaxagelIenH rYmman ³ bBaðakgVl;TI¬1¦ nig¬2¦ dMeNIr kareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøIedaymankarcUlrYm RtUveRbIR)as;rUbPaBBIpáayrNbEdlTTYl)anfµI² rUbft BIlMhGakas karKaMRTEpñkbec©keTs elIkarsikSaGMBITwk rukçCati karviPaKelIRbB½n§eGkU-ksikmµ kMNt;RtamKÁúeTÞs nigTMrg;ebbbTénkarBinitülMGit. bBaðaTI ¬3¦RtUvmanCMnYyBImCÄmNÐlkMcat;mIn km<úCa edIm,IeFVikarsikSalMGit nigeFVIkare)assMGattMbn;EdlmanRKab;
- TMB½r10 -
minTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mInenAkñúgdI pþl;cMeNHdwgGMBIRKab;mIndl;mRnþIGnuvtþKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nig nigmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI elIkar®tYtBinitüKuNPaBBIEpñkxageRkA. bBaðaTI ¬4¦ kMNt;RtaTUeTAsþIBI karBinitülMGiteTAelItMbn;ebtikPNÐvb,Fm’ RtUv)anerobcMCaviFankarcMnYn 06 edIm,IFanadl;karbgáar cMeBaHskmµPaBGnuvtþKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©. bBaðaTI ¬5¦ Rkbx½NÐEpnkarsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic RtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IkMNt;TidæPaBmanlkçN³eBjelj RsbtameKalneya)ayrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak. enAkñúgdMeNIrkareRCIserIsmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI RtUv manRbugRby½tñ nigedaymankarcUlrYm RtUvmannItiviFIlMGitCak;lak;sMrab;kMNt; kñúgenaHrYmTaMg RbCaBlrdæEdlgayTTYlrgeRKaHpgEdr . nig bBaðaTI ¬6¦ karvinieyaKelIEpñkehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT nwgRtUverobcMGnuvtþtamry³kmµviFIvi
- TMB½r11 -
mCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar EdlmanRsab; edaykareRbIR)as; esovePAENnaM nignItiviFIsMrab;karvaytémø nigkarRKb;RKgelIEpñkbrisßan nigsgÁm Edl)anerobcM ehIy .
- TMB½r12 -
matika1> mUlbTsegçb>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>22> Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay c,ab;nigrdæ)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>63> karbriyayGMBIKMeragsþIBIkarEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_ esdækic©nigsgÁm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8
3>1 kareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIFøIdl;sgÁm nigkarEbgEckdIFøIkñúgkMritXMu
/sgáat;>>>>>>>>>>>9 3>2
esvakmµGPivDÆn_CnbTnigkareFVIvinieyaK>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>11
3>3 karGPivDÆn_EdlmankmµviFIc,as;las;nigRbkbedaycIrPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12
3>4 karRKb;RKgKMeragnigEpñkrdæ)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>124> karBiB’NnaGMBIbrisßan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12
4>1 lkçN³rUbbrisßan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- TMB½r13 -
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12extþkMBg;cam>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12extþRkecH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14
4>2 brisßanCIvsa®sþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16 extþkMBg;cam>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>17extþRkecH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>17
4>3 brisßanvb,F’m-sgÁm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>185> plb:HBal;EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarKMeragesñIsMu >>>>>>>>>>>>>>20
5>1 karcat;fñak;elIkic©karBarbrisßanTaMgmUl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>20
5>2 plb:HBal;brisßanEdlGacekIteLIgedayKMeragsþIBIkarEbgEckdIFøI
edIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>21
- TMB½r14 -
EpñkTI1 ³ karEbgEckdIFøInigkareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic©edayEp¥kelIshKmn_>>>21 EpñkTI2 ³ karvinieyaKnigesvakmµGPivDÆn_CnbT>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25 EpñkTI3 ³ karerobcMkmµviFIedayPaBc,as;las;nigRbkbedaycIrPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>30 EpñkTI4 ³ karRKb;RKgKMeragnigEpñkrdæ)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>32 5>3
karsnñidæanedayeyagelIplb:HBal;brisßannigsgÁmkic©>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>33 6> karviPaKdMeNaHRsaycMeBaHKMeragesñIsMu >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>347> EpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>36
7>1 viFankarRKb;RKg kat;bnßynig®tYtBinitüenAkñúgKMeragsþIBIkarEbgEckdIFøIedIm,I
GPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>36
7>2 karBinitüelIkic©karBareLIgvijenAkñúgsþIBIkarEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_
esdækic©nigsgÁm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- TMB½r15 -
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>498> kic©BieRKaHeyabl;énsßab½nBak;B½n§nigsaFarN³Cn/GgÁkar eRkArdæaPi)al >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>599> bBa¢IeQµaHÉksareyag >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>60
9>1 karerobcMvaytémøbrisßan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>60
9>2 kMNt;RtaénkarR)aRs½yTak;Tgsßab½nBak;B½n§ saFarN³nig
GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>61
9>3 Tinñn½ynigÉksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>64
- TMB½r16 -
List of Acronyms
AEA Agro-Ecosystem AnalysisASEAN Association of Southeast Asian NationsBPAM Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management ProjectCAAEP Cambodia-Australia Agricultural Extension ProjectCARDI Cambodia Agricultural Research Development InstituteCAU Commune Administration UnitCBO Commune Based OrganizationCDP Commune Development ProgrammeCDRI Cambodia Development Research InstituteCIP Commune Investment PlanCMAA Cambodian Mines Action AuthorityCMAC Cambodian Mine Action CenterCRISP Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and ProcessingCTSP Cambodia Tree Seed Administration ProjectCWG Commune Social Land Concession Working GroupD&D Decentralization and Deconcentration (NDDP)DAE Department of Agriculture and ExtensionDAFF Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesDanida Danish International Development AgencyDFT District Field TeamDLMUPC Provincial Department of Land Management, Urban Planning and
ConstructionDOE Provincial Department of EnvironmentDWG District Working GroupEA Environmental AssessmentEAESDU East Asia Environment and Social Development UnitEFEO École Française d'Extrême-OrientEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEMP Environmental Management PlanEx-Com Executive CommitteeFA Forest AdministrationFAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United NationsFLD Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and PlanningFU Finance UnitGDSC General Department for Survey and CadastreGIS Geographical Information SystemsGSSLC General Secretariat for Social Land ConcessionsGTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German
Development Agency)IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentIFSR International Federation for Systems ResearchIPPF Indigenous People Planning FrameworkIRRI International Rice Research InstituteIUCN International Union for the Conservation of NatureLASED Land Allocation for Economic and Social Development LAU Land Administration UnitLI Land IdentificationM&E Monitoring and EvaluationMAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesMAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- TMB½r17 -
MEF Ministry of Economy and FinanceMIME Ministry of Industry, Mines and EnergyMLMUPC Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and ConstructionMOC Ministry of CommerceMOE Ministry of EnvironmentMRCS Mekong River Commission SecretariatNASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNDDP National Decentralization and Deconcentration ProgrammeNGO Non-Government OrganizationNSLCC National Social Land Concession CommitteeNTFP Non-Timber Forest ProductsPDA Provincial Department of AgriculturePDOWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and MeteorologyPFD Partners for DevelopmentPFT Provincial Field TeamPIM Project Implementation ManualPLAU Provincial Land Allocation UnitPLUAC Provincial Land Use Allocation CommitteePLUP Participatory Land Use PlanningPPF Project Preparation FacilityPRD Provincial Rural Development DepartmentPRDC Provincial Rural Development CommitteeRAMSAR Convention on WetlandsRCBC Regional Center for Biodiversity ConservationRGC Royal Government of CambodiaRIS Rural Infrastructure and ServicesRRA Rapid Rural AppraisalRSP Reconnaissance Survey ProjectSLC Social Land ConcessionsSLCU Social Land Concession UnitSLMC Provincial State Land Management CommitteeSPOT SPOT satellite imageryTIP Technology Implementation ProcedureTLR Target Land RecipientsTSO Technical Service OrganizationTSU Technical Support UnitUNICEF United Nations International Children’s FundUS-DSCA United States Defense Security Cooperation AgencyUXO Unexploded OrdnanceWCS Wildlife Conservation SocietyWFP United Nations World Food ProgrammeWR Water ResourcesWUG Water User GroupsWWF World Wildlife Fund
2> Rkbx½NÐ eKalneya)ay c,ab; nigrdæ)al
- TMB½r18 -
eKalneya)ayBak;B½n§nwgsm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)andak;ecjenAkñúg ÉksarbzmsþIBIRkb x½NÐyuT§saRsþeKalneya)aydIFøI rbs;raCrdæaPi)al ¬cuHéf¶TI 06 ExkBaØa qñaM2002¦. ÉksarenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIgedIm,Ipþl;karENnaM sMrab;bkRsay Gnuvtþ nigeRbIR)as; c,ab;PUmi)al rbs; RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa ¬cuHéf¶TI 30 ExsIha qñaM2001¦ . dUc)anEcgenAkñúgEpñkEbgEckdIFøI "RbCa BlrdæRkIRkCaeRcIn BMumandIFøI b¤mandIFøIbnþicbnþÜcsMrab;karrs;enA>>> RbCaBlrdæmYycMnYnminmanlT§PaB Tij b¤ CYldI>>>. mann½yfa ynþkard¾éTeToténkarEbgEckdIFøIdUcCa kareFVIsm,TansgÁmkic© b¤ karCYldIsaFarN³CatMrUvkarrbs;RkumRbCaBlrdæmYy cMnYnedIm,IbMeBjesckþIRtUvkarsMrab;CaTICMrk nig sMrab;RbkbrbbciBa©wmCIvit ". edayEp¥kelIÉksarc,ab; EdlKaMRTdl;karGnuvtþn_c,ab;PUmi)al nig eKalneya)aydIFøI Edl)anGnum½tehIy EdlKYr[kt;sMKal;enaHKW GnuRkwtüelx
- TMB½r19 -
19 sþIBIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© ¬ éf¶TI19 Exmina qñaM 2003¦ GnuRkwtüelx 118 sþIBIkarRKb;RKgdIrbs;rdæ ¬cuHéf¶TI 07 Extula qñaM2005¦ nigRbkaselx 200 sþIBIeKalkarN_ENnaMGnuvtþGnuRkwtüsþIBIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© ¬cuHéf¶TI 19 Ex vicäika qñaM2003¦4 . eRkABIc,ab;PUmi)al GnuRkwtü nigRbkas EdlBak;B½n§nwg karGnuvtþc,ab;enH ]bkrN_c,ab;sMxan;mYycMnYneTotRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;karbegáIt nigkarRKb;RKg sm,TandIsgÁmkic© KW c,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI ¬cuHéf¶TI30 ExkBaØa qñaM2002¦ nig GnuRkwtü elx53 sþIBInItiviFIsMrab;karbegáIt kareFVIcMNat;fñak; nigkarcuHbBa¢Ism,itþéRBeQIGcié®nþy_ ¬cuHéf¶TI20 Exemsa qñaM2005¦ GnuRkwtüelx79 sþIBIkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIshKmn_ ¬cuHéf¶TI02 ExFñÚ qñaM2003¦ 4 bBa¢IcMNgeCIgTaMgGs;énÉksarc,ab;Bak;B½n§nwgc,ab;PUmi)al nigc,ab;éRBeQI EdlTak;TgnwgKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgmanenAkñúgEpñk 9>3
- TMB½r20 -
nigesckþIRBag RbkassþIBIeKalkarN_ENnaMéRBeQIshKmn_ nig]bsm<½n§ nig {esckþIRBagc,ab;sþIBI karerobcMrcnasm<½n§rdæ)alfñak;extþ¼Rkug nigRsuk¼xNÐ } c,ab;enHnwgdwknaMkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs; raCrdæaPi)al kñúgkareFVIvimCÄkar nigvishvimCÄkar nig RbkassþIBIkareFVIRbtiPUkmµGMNac[Pi)al extþ¼Rkug edIm,IKaMRTdl;RkumRbwkSaXMu¼sgáat; ¬dIkaextþ¼Rkug¦ nigRbkassþIBIkarbegáItrcnasm½<n§ tYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;KN³kmµaFikarGPivDÆn_CnbTextþ¼RkugénkmµviFIsIla ¬ Rbkasrbs; KN³kmµaFikarGPivDÆn_CnbTextþ¼Rkug¦.
karerobcMrcnasm<½n§rdæ)alsMrab;RKb;RKgKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_ esdækic© KWeFVIeLIgRsbeTAnwgGnuRkwtüelx19 sþIBIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigrcnasm<½n§vimCÄkarEdlman Rsab;rbs;km<úCa
- TMB½r21 -
ehIynwgRtUv)ankMNt;kñúgc,ab;sþIBIkarerobcMrcnasm<½n§rdæ)alextþ¼Rkug nigRsuk¼xNÐ Edlbc©úb,nñkMBugRKb;RKgeday dIkaGPi)alextþ¼Rkug nigRbkassþIBIkarbegáItrcnasm½<n§ tYnaTI nigkar TTYlxusRtUvrbs;KN³kmµaFikarGPivDÆn_CnbTextþ¼RkugénkmµviFIsIla. rcnasm<½n§rbs;rdæaPi)al kMBugeFVIkarEksMrYl cMENksßab½nTTYlxusRtUvBMuTan;erobcMbBa©b;enAeLIy. eTaHbIy:agNak¾eday bBaðaenH RtUv)anRBmeRBogKña edIm,IKaMRTdl;RkumRbwkSaXMu edayepþateTAelIkarTTYlxusRtUvelIkar Gnuvtþn_ EdlGaceFVI)anCaGtibrima enAkñúgRkbx½NÐkmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarrbs;raCrdæaPi)al.
Epñkrdæ)alenAfñak;XMu KWRtUvrkSaenARkumRbwkSaXMu EdlnwgEtgtaMgRkumkargarsm,TandI sgÁmkic©fñak;XMu edIm,IGnuvtþskmµPaBcaM)ac;nana . karKaMRTdl;karGnuvtþn_fñak;Rsuk nwgpþl;Cabzm edayRkumkargarfñak;Rsuk
- TMB½r22 -
EdlmanmRnþImkBIsalafñak;Rsuk nigkariyal½yBak;B½n§. KN³kmµaFikar Rbtibtþifñak;Rsuk nwgpþl;RKb;RKgEpñkhirBaØvtßú niglT§kmµ edayEp¥keTAtamkmµviFIvimCÄkar nig vishmCÄkar rhUtdl;fñak;XMumansmtßPaBGnuvtþkargarenH .
dMeNIrkarGnuvtþTUeTA RtUv)anRKb;RKgpÞal; edayGPi)alextþ nigKN³kmµaFikarRKb;RKgdIrdæ fñak;extþ nigkarGnuvtþn_kargarbzmtamry³KN³kmµaFikareRbIR)as; nigEbgEckdIfñak;extþ nigGgÁPaB KaMRTbec©keTssm,TandIsgÁmkic©. tYnaTIrbs;KN³kmµaFikarGPivDÆn_CnbTfñak;extþ nigKN³kmµa- FikarRbtibtþi énKN³kmµaFikarGPivDÆn_CnbTfñak;extþ RtUv)anrkSaTuk Bak;B½n§eTAnwgdMeNIrkar RbtibtþikmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar edIm,IGnuvtþkargarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© kñúgenaHman karBinitü nigGnum½tEpnkarGPivDÆn_XMu karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú niglT§kmµ. karRTRTg;Epñkbec©keTsfñak;extþ
- TMB½r23 -
k¾RtUv[mankarKaMRTBI GgÁPaB GIS
EdlmanTItaMgenAmnÞIrerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ sMNg; nigsurieyadI nigGgÁPaBGgÁPaBKaMRTbec©keTsTaMgbIKW GgÁPaBKaMRTbec©keTsdIFøI GgÁPaBKaMRTkar eRCIserIsmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI nigGgÁPaBKaMRTkarGPivDÆn_ .
enAfñak;Cati KN³kmµaFikarsm,TandIsgÁmkic©fñak;Cati KWCasßab½nerobcMeKalneya)ayfñak; CatiBak;B½n§nwgsm,TandIsgÁmkic© ehIyk¾manPar³kic©eFVIkarBinitü EksMrYleLIgvij RKb;RKg nig®tYt Binitüral;skmµPaBBak;B½n§nwgsm,TandIsgÁmkic©enAfñak;extþ . KN³kmµaFikarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© fñak;Cati sßitenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgBIRkumRbwkSaeKalneya)aydIFøI EdlmantYnaTIenAkñúgdMeNIrkar Gnum½tkarcuHbBa¢IdIÉkCnrbs;rdæ edIm,IykeTAeRbIR)as;kñúgkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . KN³kmµaFikar sm,TandIsgÁmkic©fñak;Cati Gnuvtþkargarrbs;xøÜn edaymanGKÁelxaFikardæanCaesnaFikar
- TMB½r24 -
. RksYg esdækic© nighirBaØvtßú mantYnaTIBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú nigkargarlT§kmµ sMrab;kmµviFI sm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigsMrab;karGnuvtþn_kmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar . RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; mantYnaTIpþl;karKaMRTbec©keTs rdæ)al nigkarBinitüelIkargarTUeTA . GKÁnaykdæansurieyadI nigPUmisaRsþ énRksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; manPar³kic©eFVIkar vas;EvgkMNt;RBMRbTl; eFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dI nigenAkñúgdMeNIrkarcuHbBa¢IdIÉkCnrbs;rdæ . sßab½n Bak;B½n§enAfñak;CatiepSgeTot dUcCa RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j; nigensaT pþl;karKaMRTbec©keTs tam sMNUmBrcaM)ac;sMrab;skmµPaBmYycMnYnBak;B½n§nwgsm,TandIsgÁmkic© dUcCakarviPaKRbB½n§eGkU-ksikmµ KN³kmµaFikarkMcat;mInkm<úCa nwgCYyedaHRsayelIkare)assMGatRKab;minTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn ehIy KN³kmµaFikarCatiKaMRTkargarEkTMrg;vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar
- TMB½r25 -
mantYnaTIrYmkñúgkarRKb;RKgdMeNIrkar RbtibtþikargarenH .
mankarTTYlsÁal;elIPaBCan;Kña rvagc,ab;PUmi)al nigc,ab;éRBeQI Edlbgá[manplb:HBal; dl;kargarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© bBaðaenHnwgRtUvkareBlevlasmRsbedIm,IedaHRsayPaBCan;KñaenH. bBaðasMxan;mYyeTot KWBak;B½n§nwgkarkMNt;niymn½ydIsaFarN³rbs;rdæ EdlminGacykmkeRbIR)as; kñúgkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©)an luRtaEt)aneFVIcMNat;fñak;eLIgvij CadIÉkCnrbs;rdæ . fµI²enH dImYycMnYn)ankMNt; nigcuHbBa¢ICa "éRBeQI" rYmTaMg "dIéRBricril " "éRBeQIshKmn_sßiteRkam kic©RBmeRBog" nig "éRBpþl;plEdlminsßitenAeRkamsm,Tan " enAkñúgcMeNamenaH c,ab;éRBeQI )ancat;TukfaCa "sm,tiþéRBeQIGcié®nþy_" dUcKñaenHEdr c,ab;PUmi)al)ancat;TukCa "dIsaFarN³ rbs;rdæ" . Gnuelamtamc,ab;PUmi)al nigc,ab;éRBeQI dIPaKeRcIn EdlGacykmkeRbIR)as;sMrab; kñúgkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
- TMB½r26 -
nigdIEdlsßitenAkñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© EdlKb,IrkSaTukCa éRBeQI shKmn_ éRBpþl;pl b¤RtUvGPirkSsMrab;eKalbMNgRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati enaHRtUv)aneFVIcMNat; fñak;fa CadIsaFarN³rbs;rdæedaysV½yRbvtþi . eTaHbIya:gNak¾edayc,ab;éRBeQI nigc,ab;PUmi)al k¾)ankMNt;GMBInItiviFI EdlCatMrUvkarsMrab;eFVIcMNat;fñak;dIrbs;rdæ b:uEnþBMuTan;)anGnuvtþenAtMbn;PaKeRcIn énRbeTskm<úCaenAeLIy . rhUtmkTl;nwgxN³eBleFVI GtþsBaØaNkmµdI eFVIEpnTI nigcuHbBa¢IdI rbs;rdæ RtUv)anGnuvtþenAkñúgtMbn;mYycMnYn enaHdInwgminRtUv)aneFVIcMNat;fñak;CapøÚvkareLIy eTaHbIsßab½nnana rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa GacmanTsSn³erog²xøÜneTAelIsßanPaBrbs;dIenaHy:agNak¾eday. GNtþi pøÚvkarelIdMeNIrkareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµdI eFVIEpnTI KWRtUvGnuvtþCabzmedayRkumkargarfñak;Rsuk nig RKb;RKgedayKN³kmµaFikareRbIR)as; nigEbgEckdIfñak;extþ
- TMB½r27 -
edaymankarcUlrYmBImnÞIrBak;B½n§ ehIy lT§plnwgRtUvbBa¢ÚneTAfñak;Cati edIm,IBinitü nigkarpþl;karminCMTas; krNImanvivaT nwgRtUveFVIkar edaHRsay .
dMeNIrkareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøIedaymankarcUlrYm Edl)aneRKagTukenAkñúgKeRmagEbgEckdI edIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm KWmankaryl;RsbKña nigedaHRsaycMeBaHPaBCan;Kña nigPaBxVHcenøaHenAkñúgbTdæanc,ab;sMrab;GnuvtþkargareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµdI nigeFVIEpnTIdI EdlCaRbkar caM)ac;sMrab;GnuvtþkarcuHbBa¢IdIrbs;rdæ edaymankarcUlrYmBIsßab½nBak;B½n§rbs;raCrdæaPi)al. Gnuelam eTAtamGnuRkwtüelx 118 sþIBIkarRKb;RKgdIrdæ krNIenHeqIøytbeTAnwg "karcuHbBa¢IdImanlkçN³ dac;edaydMuelIkdMbUgeday ". kñúgkrNIdIrdæ)aneFVIGtþsBaØakmµ nigeFVIEpnTI rYcmuneBlkareFVI GtþsBaØaNkmµµsMrab;eRbIR)as;kñúgk
- TMB½r28 -
mµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© enaHnItiviFIdUcKñanwgRtUv)aneRKagTuksMrab; KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm KWmanlkçN³RsbnwgtMrUvkarcaM)ac; sMrab; "kareFVIcMNat;fñak;dIrdæeLIgvij " sßitenAeRkamGnuRkwtüelx 118 .
srubmk KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgrYmcMENkedaHRsay CMelaH b¤ bMeBjbEnßmxVHxatEpñkc,ab; enAxN³eBl)anGnuvtþedayGaCJaFrBak;B½n§enAfñak;extþ nig edaymankarcUlrYmBIsßab½nBak;B½n§ .
3> karbriyayGMBIKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©
KeRmagEbgEckdI edIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© CaKeRmagEdlKaMRTdl;karGnuvtþn_ kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa edayeFIVkarEbgEckdIFøI dl;RbCaBlrdæEdlKµandI nigxVHdIKµan tamry³kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁm
- TMB½r29 -
sMedAelIksÞÜyCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaBlrdæRkIRk nig RkumRbCaBlrdægayTTYlrgeRKaH .
KMeragenHmaneKalbMNgsMxan;²cMnYnBIrKW ³ bgðaj
nigGnuvtþnItiviFIEdlmanlkçN³c,as;las; nigmanbTdæanRtwmRtUv sMrab;GnuvtþkareFVI sm,TandIsgÁmkic©EdlpþÜcepþImedayfñak;mUldæan nig
EbgEckdIrbs;rdæEdlsmRsbsMrab;eFVIksikmµ rYmpSMCamYyesvakmµKaMRTsmRsb CUnRKYsarEdl KµandI nigxVHdI . KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic©
nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© RtUv)aneFVIkarvaytémøenAbBa©b;enAcugqñaM qñaM 2007 ehIynwgRtUvGnuvtþeBjeljkñúgqñaM 2008 . KeRmagenH )anCYyerobcMedayRkumkargar fñak;CatierobcMKeRmag LASED
nigedaymanCMnYybec©keTsBIRbeTsGaløWm:g; edIm,IGnuvtþenAtMbn; sakl,gcMnYn 02 KW tMbn;TI1 sßitenAkñúgextþRkecH ¬XMusMbuk
- TMB½r30 -
nigXMucRgÁg; kñúgRsukRkecH¦ nigtMbn;TI2 enAkñúgextþkMBg;cam ¬XMuCaMRkevon kñúgRsukemmt;¦ . KeRmagEbgEckdI edIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_ esdækic© manEpnkarCYyRKYsarEdlKµandIFøIRbmaN 10>000 RKYsar kñúgkarbegáItCIvPaBrs;enAtMbn; CnbT enAkñúgextþcMnYn 03 edayKeRmagepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIkarksagsmtßPaB CaBiessenA fñak;XMu tamviFIsaRsþeFVIEpnkarBIfñak;mUldæan-mkfñak;Cati nigCYydl;fñak;x<s;CagenH elIkargardIFøI kargarkmµksikmµ nigesvaKaMRTepSgeTot .
- TMB½r31 -
- TMB½r32 -
Commune Request
PLUAC ApprovalPreliminary SLC Plan
PLUAC ApprovalInitial SLC Process
PLUAC ApprovalFull SLC Plan
Land Identification/Assessment
Land Registration
Hotspot mappingInitial social & environmental screeningValidation of proposed SLC area
Public information dissemination Public meeting on SLCSLC-AEAPrepare sketch mapGender analysisCivic engagementInitial rural infrastructure support needs assessmentIdentify resettlement issues
Detailed mapping (satellite imagery, GIS maps, GPS field survey)Cadastral survey
Target Land Recipient Screening (TLR)
TLR Selection Criteria
Commune-based TLR screening processGender analysisPublic notice of application process
Commune-based process of defining SLC selection criteriaCivic engagement
TLR Selection
SLC Plan & Plot Allocation
Commune-based poverty rankingCivic engagementSocial safeguards
Participatory land use planning‘Lucky draw’ plot allocation Civic engagement
Detailed AEAReview/revise social & environmental safeguards screeningDetailed rural infrastructure support planCarrying capacity assessment
Key Activities
Key Activities
Key Activities
Key Activities
Social Land Concession Planning Process (Component 1): Key Steps and Activities
- TMB½r33 -
Cadastral SurveyPlot Demarcation
Boundary Marking
Pre-Transfer Access to Land
Land Preparation
Site Preparation
Official Transfer of Land
Deliver Settling in Assistance
Deliver Long-Term Rural Development
Support Services
Deliver Initial Agriculture/
Health Services
Commune-based contractingSocial & environmental safeguardIssue title block with name of owner, location, date of survey, surveyor
Civic engagementEnvironmental safeguardProvincial Department of Women’s AffairsCommune Women and Children Focal personAccess to clean water, hygiene and sanitationParticipatory community actionBasic assess road establishment
Civic engagementSocial & environmental safeguardsDelivery of basic start up support service: District Agriculture Office, private sector, NGOField hospital
Competitive tendering for delivery of support servicesLivelihood supportCivic engagement
Community-wide access to rural development support serviceCivic engagementSocial & environmental safeguardsExtension servicesHealth services
Annual Work Plan and Budget
for Rural Infrastructure
Support
Procurement Procedure
IPA & Commune Sangkat
procurement guideline
(Commune)Contract Supervision
Contract Supervisor nominated
by Commune Chief (ExCom) &
Project Management Committee
Payment
Commune Chief authorize
Commune SLC Sub-Contract
Budget Monitoring
Commune Council
District SLC Contract
Standard Unit Budgets for State
Sector Service
NCDD approval budget from ExCom
& Provincial Department
Work Plan for Implementation
District Technical Office and SLC
Working Group agree on work plan
authorized by Commune Chief
Payment
DWG cash advance to District
Technical Office certified by
Commune Chief
Monitoring
SLC Working Group act as Project
Management Committee
Key Activities Procurement Procedures
Implementation of Social Land Concession Plan (Component 2): Key Activities and Procurement Procedures
District SLC Sub-Contract
NCDD approval for standard
ExCom-DWG contract
KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© mansmasPaKcMnYn 04 sMxan;²KW ³
1¦ kareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarEbgEckdIFøI EdleFVIeLIgedayfñak;XMu
2¦ esvakmµGPivDÆn_CnbT nigkareFVIvinieyaK
3¦ karGPivDÆn_EdlmankmµviFIc,as;las; nigmannirnþrPaB
4¦ karRKb;RKgKMerag nigEpñkrdæ)al smasPaKTaMg 04 enH
RtUv)anGFib,aysegçbdUcxageRkam ³ 3>1
kareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁm nigkarEbgEckdI EdleFVIedayfñak;XMu
smasPaKTI1rbs;KeRmag KW)anbBa©ÚlnUvral;TidæPaB cab;taMgBIdMNak;kalpþÜcepþIm nigkareFVI kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© tamry³karerobcM nigkarGnum½tEpnkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©eBjelj rYmTaMgkareRCIserIsmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI .
- TMB½r34 -
CMhansMxan;²)ansegçbdUcxageRkam ³
1>1 karcab;epþImerobcMkmµviFIeFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
1>2 karBinitüemIlCaTUeTAelIkarerbcM nigkarBinitüelIsMeNIeLIgvijedayfñak;extþ
1>3 karBinitüeLIgvij kareFVIEpnTI kareFVIEpnkar nigbegáInkaryl;dwg edayfñak;Rsuk
1>4 karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarsMerc[bnþdMeNIkaredayfñak;extþ
1>5 cab;epþImerobcMr)aykarN_bzm sþIBIkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
1>6 karcuHbBa¢IdIFøIrbs;rdæ1>7
karerobcMbBa©b;r)aykarN_bzmsþIBIkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
1>8 karbBa©b;r)aykarN_bzmsþIBIkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarkMNt;témølMGit
1>9 kareRCIserIsmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI
1>10 karerobcMEpnkareBjeljsMrab;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
- TMB½r35 -
11¦ karGnum½tEpnkareBjeljdl;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
skmµPaBsMxan;²Tak;TgnwgdMNak;kalTaMgenHman ³
edaymankarcUlrYm
karvas;Evg
kareFVIEpnTI
nigkareFVIr)aykar
N_
kargarbec©keTs
kargarrdæ)al
kareXasnaEpñkB½t’ma
n
karBinitüeLIgvijeTAelIEpnTI¬ Hot Spot
Map¦
karBinitüeTAelIEpñk suvtißPaB
karBinitüeLIgvijnUv
GaNtþirbs;GñkRKb;R
KgkareFVIEpnkarGPivDÆn_XMu¼ sgáat;
erobcMRbB½n§B½t’manPUmi sa®sþ rUbftBIelIGakas nigrUbPaBBIpáayNb
erobcMkMNt;RtaENnaM nigTMrg;EbbbTRtYtBinitü
skmµPaBénkarpþl; mUlniFi
kareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøIeday mankarcUlr
erobcMEpnTIRBag nigEpnkar dMbUg
karsikSaRsavRCavlMGitelI karviPaKe
cuHkic©snüa edIm,Ipþl; esvakmµb
- TMB½r36 -
Ym GkUsIuEsþmdI éRB eQI nigTwk sMrab;kareFVI sm,TansgÁmkic©
ec©keTs
dak;bgðajEpnTICasaFarN³ nig erobcMkic©RbCMu
bBa©b;karvas;Evg nigEpnTI RBagbzm
vaytémøsmtßPaBGnuvtþ
erobcMEbbbT nigsMrb; sMrYl Rkumvas;Evg
kMNt;lkçN³vinicä½y sMrab;kar eRCIserIsTTYldIFøImuxsBaØaGñk TTYldI
karerobcMbBa©b;EpnTI TMrg; EbbbT nigbBa©ÚleTAkñúg EpnTIdIrdæ nigTinñn½yRKwH ¬ Database¦
karvaytémøelItMrUvkar ehdæarcnasm<½nbnÞan;
bBa©b;r)aykarN_ sMrab; dMeNIrkarcuHbBa¢IdIrbs;rdæ
dak;bgðajCasaFarN³nUv sMeNIeFVIcMNat;fñak;eLIgvij ¬RbsinGaceFVIeTA)an¦
karvas;EvgelITItaMg sm,TandIsgÁmkic© [man PaBsuRkwtü
BinitüeLIgvijeTAelIEpñk suvtßiPaB EpnTI nig r)aykarN_
erobcMesckþIRBagGnuRkwtü nig dak;esñIsMukarGnum½t
- TMB½r37 -
elIkareFVIcMNat;fñak;dI eLIgvij
kMNt;lkçN³vinicä½yCak;lak; nignItiviFIsMrab;; eRCIserIsmux sBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI
eFVIkarEksMrYlr)aykarN_ nigEpnTI
bBa¢ak;BIsmtßPaBGnuvtþ ®tYtBinitüsuvtßiPaB nigEpñk c,ab;
karGnum½tGnuRkwtü nig RbkasrYm
esckþICUndMNwgsþIBIkarTTYl TMrg;EbbbTénkaresñIsMudI
karerobcMTMrg;EbbbTeRCIs- erIsmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI
pþl;suBlPaBeTAelI TMrg;EbbbTénkaresµIsMu
karGnuBaØatCapøÚvkar[ bnþGnuvtþ Epnkarsm,Tan dIsgÁmkic©TaMgRsug
kardak;bgðajCasaFarN³nUv bBa¢IeQµaHGñkesñIsMu
erobcMkarr)aykarN_ sm,TandIsgÁmkic©bzm nigesckþIGnuBaØat
kareFVIcMNat;fñak;PaBRkIRk
BinitüEpnkareLIgvij pþl;karminCMTas; nigkarGnum½t
dak;bgðajCasaFarN³nUvbBa¢I
kareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dI
BinitüeLIgvijcMeBaHkar
BinitüeLIgvijelIEpnkar
- TMB½r38 -
eQµaHGñkEdlGacTTYldIFøI nigTTYlbNþwgtva:
edaymankarcUlrYm BImux sBaØaGñkTTYl dIFøI
vaytémøBItMrUvkarehdæa rcnasm½<n§ nigkarEbgEckdI
sm,TandIsgÁmkic©Edl manlkçN³eBjelj
karcab;eqñateRCIserIsk,aldI
cgRkgÉksarEpnkar sm,TandIsgÁmkic© BI Éksar EpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøIedaymankarcUlrYm EpnkarGPivDÆn_ehdæarcnasm½<n§nigesvakmµCnbT nigr)aykarN_sþIBIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
3>2 esvakmµGPivÆn_CnbT nigkareFVIvinieyaK
- TMB½r39 -
smasPaKTI2rbs;KeRmag KW karpþl;mUlniFisMrab;karGPivDÆn_ehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigesvakmµ CnbT edIm,IKaMRTdl;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . mUlniFienHnwgRtUvpþl;CUndl;RkumRbwkSaXMu edIm,I GnuvtþEpnkarGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigesvakmµCnbT Edl)anerobcMeLIgedayRkumkargarsm,Tan dIsgÁmkic©fñak;XMu. EpñkenHrYmbBa©Úl karcMNayeTAtamsiT§ipþl;eGay edIm,IQaneTAsMerckarerobcM kMritGb,rmaEdlGacTTYlyk)an elIEpñkehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigesvakmµsMxan;² ehIymUlniFienAsl; bnÞab;BIkarRbtibtþienH GacnwgRtUveRbIR)as;Ca karcMNayedaymanesckþIsMerccitþ edayGnuelameTA tamGaTiPaBénEpnkarGPivDÆXMu EdlCakarvinieyaK edaypþl;plRbeyaCn_pÞal;dl;muxsBaØaGñkTTYl dIFøI . karEbgEcksMrab;kar cMNayeTAtamsiT§ipþl;eGay GacmanRbmaNBI 80-90 PaKry énfvika TaMgmUl .
- TMB½r40 -
manlkçN³vinic½äycMnYn04 énkarGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigesvakmµCnbT KW ³
2>1 karerobcMdI2>2 karpþl;CMnYyeBlcUleTAsñak;enA2>3 karpþl;esvakmµenACnbT2>4
karGPivDÆehdæarcnasm½<n§CnbT
karcMNayEdlGacnwgekItman RtUv)anerobrab;enAkñúgtaragxageRkam ¬cMNayeTAtamsiT§ pþl;eGay sßitenAkñúgTMrg;CaGkSreRTt ¦ ³
2>1 karerobcMdIFøI 2>3 esvakmµCnbTk¦ karvas;EvgEpñksurieyadI
k¦ yuT§nakarGMBIbBaðaTwk nig Gnam½y
x¦ kargarsMGatdI x¦ karKaMRTCamUldæanelIEpñk ksikmµ
K¦ karkMNt;RBMRbTl; K¦ karKaMRT elIkarpSBVpSay¼ bNþúHbNþal TUlMTUlay ¬ry³eBl 02qñaM¦
X¦ GPivDÆpøÚvcUleTATItaMgdI sm,TansgÁmkic©g¦ karpÁt;pÁg;Twks¥at X¦ karKaMRTbec©kviTüa
eRkABI vis½yksikmµ
- TMB½r41 -
g¦ esvakmµsuxPaB2>2 CMnYy sMrab;cUleTATItaMg sm,TandIdMbUg
c¦ kmµviFICYyse®gÁaHq¦ esvakmµd¾éTeTot
k¦ BagTwk nig]bkrN_ cMeraH
C¦ esvakmµbec©keTs elIkar vas;Evg kareFVIEpnkar kar®tYtBinitü
x¦ karGnuvtþn_kargarksikmµK¦ RKab;BUCn_X¦ CI
3>3 karGPivDÆn¾kmµviFI [manPaBc,as;las; nigmannirnþrPaBsmasPaBTI3 énKeRmag maneKalbMNgdak;[Gnuvtþ nigKaMRTdl;sßab½n EdlcaM)ac;kñúgkar RbBn§½ nignItiviFI edIm,IKaMRTdl;karGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© rbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu¼sgáat; .
skmµPaBenAkñúgsmasPaKenHrYmman ³
3>1 karpSBVpSayB½t’man3>2 karksagsmtßPaB3>3 karKaMRTRkumRbwkSaXMu
edIm,IerobcM
- TMB½r42 -
nigGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
3>4 erobcMeKalneya)ay3>5 kartamdan®tYtBinitü
nigvaytémø
3>4 kargarRKb;RKgKeRmag nigkargarrdæ)alsmasPaKTI4
rbs;KeRmagbgðajGMBItMrUvkarkñúgkargarRKb;RKg
nigkargarrdæ)alTaMgGs;sMrab; KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© kñúgenaHman ³ 4>1 erobcMEpnkarRbtibtþi nigEpnkarfvika 4>2 karRKb;RKgFnFanmnusS 4>3 karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú 4>4 kargarlT§kmµ 4>5 karRKb;RKgmeFüa)ay sMPar³ 4>6 kar®tYtBinitü nigkareFVIr)aykarN_
karerobcM KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© KWmaneKalbMNg edIm,I
- TMB½r43 -
Fana[mankareRbIR)as;Gtibrma ynþkarsßab½nRKb;RKg RbB½n§ nigviFIsRsþ EdlmanRsab; CaCagkar begáItynþkarfµINamYy edIm,IerobcMkarGnuvtþKeRmagCak;lak; . krNIenH CakrNIBiessmYy eday eKarBeTAtameKalneya)ay vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar rbs;raCrdæaPi)al .
4> karBiB’NnaGMBIkargarbrisßan4>1 lkçN³rUbEpñkbrisßan
extþkMBg;camextþkMBg;camsßitenAcMnuckNþalPa
KxagekIténRbeTskm<úCa EdlmanRBMRbTl;xageCIgeqog xagekItCab;nwgextþRkecH xageCIgCab;nwgextþkMBg;FM xaglicCab;nwgextþkMBg;qñaMg xagt,ÚgCab;nwgextþ kNþal nigéRBEvg nigxagekItCab;nwgRbeTsevotNam ¬emIlEpnTIrdæ)al ]bsm½<n§1¦. kMBg;cam CaextþFMCageKbg¥s;enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa rYmTaMgcMnYnRbCaBlrdæ EdlkMBugbMerIedayRbB½n§pøÚvfñl;Edl eTIbnwg)anBRgIk
- TMB½r44 -
kñúgenaHmanpøÚvCaticMnYn02ExS ¬pøÚvCatielx05 nigelx06¦ . extþkMBg;camman TenøemKgÁhUrkat;cMkNþalBIliceTAt,Úg bnÞab;mkbþÚreTATisxaglicvij EdlmamsßanPaBbt;Ebn ¬emIlEpnTIFarasa®sþ ]bsm<½n§1¦ . Bak;kNþaltMbn;PaKxageCIgénTenøemKgÁ )anhUrcak;cUlsÞwg CInit EdlBak;kNþaleTotCatMbn;TMnabnigmansÞwgtUc²hUrcak;cUlkñúgTenøemKgÁ . PaKxagt,ÚgTenø emKgÁmantMbn;dICMraltUc²cMnYn03 kñúgenaHtMbn;PaKxagekIt)anhUrcUlERBkqøÚg nighUrcak;cUlGag TenøemKgÁ tMbn;Epñkxagt,ÚgeqogxagekIthUreTAkan;RbeTsevotNamsßitenA eRkAGagTenøemKgÁ nig valTMnablicTwk nigsÞwgtUc²d¾éTeTot. tMbn;TMnablicTwklatsn§wgBIextþRkecH rhUtdl;tMbn;Epñk eRkamExSTwkénextþkMBg;cam edaytMbn;PaKeRcInsßitenAxageRkampøÚvCatielx05 nig elx06 EdlCa TMnablicTwklatsn§wglVwgelVIy . zanelxamansNæanCaépÞrabenAtMbn;TMnablicTwk nigEk,rTenø emKgÁ bnÞab;mkmansNæanegIbeLIgP
- TMB½r45 -
¢ab;eTAtMbn;x<g;rabcMnYn3 edaytMbn;mYysßitenAEpñkxageCIg Tenø emKgÁ nigtMbn;cMnYnBIreTot sßitenAEpñkxagt,Úgmanry³kMBs;cab;BI 90Em:Rt rhUtdl; 200Em:Rt .
eyageTAelIEpñkPUKBÖsa®sþ lkçN³sMxan;énextþkMBg;cam KWmantMbn;fµ)asal;begáItCasNæan PñMcMnYnbI ¬emIlEpnTIdInigPUKBÖsa®sþ ]bsm½<n§ 1¦ . tMbn;enHh‘MuB½T§edaydIl,ab;cas;enAPaKxagekIt eqogxagt,Úg nigRbePTdIl,ab;manGayukalticsßitenAtMbn;epSgBIenH. dImansmasPaBfµ)asal; layCatiEdk GaluymIj:Úm sIulIka (Basaltic latosols)
sßitenAtamtMbn;dIPñMh‘MuB½T§edaykMeTckMEGPñMePøIg5
mansNæankkkþaMg. RbePTdIenH )anh‘MuB½T§PaKeRcInedayRbePTdIl,ab;epSgKñadUcCa dIl,ab;lIfUsUl6 (Alluvial Lithosols) dIl,ab;B’Netñat dIl,ab;bwg rYmCamYytMbn;vb,Fm’tUc² nigRbePTdImanCatiTwk ¬ Hydromorphics¦ B’NRbepH B’NRkhmelOg 5 Regurs6 CaRbePTdIRsTab;elIEdlekIteLIgBIsMNwkfµeRkam\T§iBlénGakasFatu
- TMB½r46 -
nigtMbn;tUc²EdlmandIRsTab;eRkamKµanCIrCatinig mankMhab;GasIutx<s; ¬Plinthite
Podzols¦. enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐCIrCati dICati)asal;CaRbePTdImanCIrCati eRcInsMrab;dMNaM nigmansmtßPaBx<s;kñúgkarRsUbykTwk rIÉdIl,ab;CaRbePTdImanCIrCatimFüm Twk eRkamdIsßitenARsTab;rak;énRbePTdIl,ab; KWCaRsTab;mankMritGaesnicekIneLIgsßitCMerA 15-100 Em:Rt . dIbU:dsUl7 (Podzol soils)
CaRbePTdImanCIrCatiticEdlTamTar[mankarRKb;RKgedayykcitþ Tukdak; . sNæandI nigTinñ½ysMrab;erobcMEpnTIPUKBÖsa®sþ manlkçN³TUeTAnigKb,IRtUv)ancat;TukCa mUldæansMrab;cg¥úlbgðaj .
KMrbéRBeQImankarfycuHKYr[kt;sMKal;kñúgry³eBl 30qñaMcugeRkay edaytMbn;mYycMnYnenA mansPaBl¥enAeLIy ¬emIlEpnTIéRBeQI nigEpnTIKMrbéRBeQI ]bsm½<n§ 1¦ . kñúgqñaM1976 7 CadItMbn;éRBeQIEdlKµanCIrCatinigmankMhab;GasIutx<s;
- TMB½r47 -
éRBeQI)anRKbdNþb;PaKeRcInenAEpñkxagt,ÚgeqogxagekIt nigEpñkxagelITenøénTIrYmextþkMBg;cam rYmTaMgcMkarekAs‘Ud¾FMlVwgelVIy nigéRBlicTwkCaeRcInkñúgtMbn;TMnabEk,rTenøemKgÁ. enAqñaM1997 tMbn;éRBlicTwk)anERbkøayeTACadIERs rIÉcMkarekAs‘URtUvsßitkñúgsßanPaBBMueFVIGaCIvkmµedaycat;TukdUc CaéRBFmµCati. enAcenøaHqñaM 2002-2006 éRBeQIEdlenAsl; PaKeRcIn)anfycuHeTACaéRBricril P¢ab;CamYytMbn;éRBxøHenAmansßanPaBl¥RbesIrenAeLIy EdlsßitenACab;RBMRbTl;extþEk,rtMbn;dICMral sÞwgCInit. ktþaenH qøúHbBa©aMgnUvbrimaNd¾eRcInénRbCaBlrdærs;enAextþkMBg;cam rIÉcMnuckNþalrbs; extþmanpøÚvcracrgayRsYl EdlGacBinitüemIleXIjfa kareRbIR)as;dIsMrab;vis½yksikmµ )anekIneLIg y:agelIslub taragxageRkamenHbgðajBIsßitieRbIR)as;dIFøIqñaM 2002 . éRBeQI 14,7
%
dMNaM 64,9%
TwkEdlCn;licéRBel,aH 2,2% valERs 29,6 bwg b¤RtBaMg
- TMB½r48 -
% ¬Gcié®nþy_¦éRBeRsagEdlmansøwkeQIexovRKb;rdUv
6,7% cMkar 7,7% éRBKem<atlicTwk
l,ayéRBeRsagnig éRBel,aH
0,3% valERsR)aMg/ licTwk
3,0% épÞTwklatsn§wg lVwgelIVy¬smuRT bwgFM nigTenø¦
dItMbn;éRBnigmanedImeQI duHray)a:y
5,3% cMkarsßitCab;PUmi
2,9% valPk; b¤vall,b;RbePTéRBepSgeTot 0,4% kareFVIksikmµ-
Bencr4,4% valesµAlicTwk
dMNaMcMkar 0,0%
dMNaMTIval 17,3%
tamkarvaytémøGMBIKMrbéRBeQIrbs;rdæ)aléRBeQIenAqñaM 2002 )an[dwgfa épÞéRBRbmaN 19>8%
CaEpñksMxan;bBa©ÚleTAkñúg "RbePTéRBepSgeTot " (12,2%) . enAkñúgextþkMBg;camman karpþl;sm,Tandl;GaCIvkmµeQIcMnYn 03 kEnøg eday 02 kEnøg RtUv)anlubecal. extþkMBg;cam BMumantMbn;karBareT .extþRkecH
extþRkecHmanTItaMgsßitenAPaKxageCIgeqogxagekIténRbeTskm<úCa edaymanRBMRbTl;Cab; xagekItCab;nwgextþmNÐlKIrI xageCIgCab;nwgextþrtn³KIrI nigsÞwgERtg enAPaKxaglicCab;nwg
- TMB½r49 -
extþkMBg;FM xagt,ÚgCab;nwgextþkMBg;cam nigxagt,ÚgeqogxagekItRbeTsevotNam ¬emIlEpnTIrdæ)al ]bsm½<n§ 2¦ extþRkecH CaextþtUc nigminsUvmankarGPivDÆn_kñúgRkbx½NÐRbCaBlrdæ ehIyeTIbEtry³ eBlBIrbIqñaMcugeRkayenH KWeKGaceFVIdMeNIr)anpøÚvCatiEdlmanKuNPaBl¥. TenøemKgÁhUrkat;cMNuc kNþalénextþRkecHBITisxageCIgeTAxagt,Úg munnwgbt;eTATisxaglictammMu 90 GgSa enAcMNuc RsukqøÚg ¬emIlEpnTIFarasa®sþ ]bsm<½n§ 2¦ . . TenøemKgÁ nigvalTMnablicTwkrbs;valatsn§wg TUTaMgextþRkecH elIkElgEtEpñkd¾tUcsßitenAPaKxageCIgeqogxaglic )anhUrcak;cUleTAsÞwgCInit EdlmantMbn;dICMralsßitenARsbnwgTenøemKgÁenATisxaglic. lMhUrBItMbn;TICMralsMxan;²cak;cUlTenø sßitkñúgextþRkecHman ³ ERBkRBH ERBkeRkog ERBkkaMBI ERBket nigERBkqøÚg. extþRkecH mantMbn;dI esImmYycMnYnsßitkñúgvalTMnablicTwkénTenøemKgÁ nigTenøtUc²hUrcak;cUleTATenøemKgÁ .
- TMB½r50 -
zanelxa bgðajBItMbn;PñMtUc²mankMBs;x<s; sßitenACayextþsMedAeTATisxaglic xagekIt nigxagt,Úgeqogxag ekIt manry³kMBs;enAcenøaHBI 150-250 Em:Rt dMNalKñanwgRClgTenøhUrBIry³kMBs;RbmaN 80Em:Rt cak;sMedAeTATenøemKgÁEdlmankMritnIv:U 36Em:Rt enAPaKxageCIgextþ nigkMritnIv:U 9Em:Rt enA PaKxagt,Úgeqogxaglic . eyageTAelIEpñkPUKBÖsa®sþenAextþRkecH GacRbTHeXIjvtþmanKMnr l,ab;Pk;buraNrYmCamYy nigsMNwkfµPk;sßitenAPaKxageCIg nigxageCIgeqogxaglic . EpñkkNþalén KMnrfµPk;)anlayLMCamYyl,ab;Pk;cas; nigEpñkxageRkammanl,ab;Pk;fµI rYmCamYyRsTab;fµ)asal; ¬emIlEpnTIdInigPUKBÖsa®sþ ]bsm½<n§ 2¦ . dIenAkñúgextþ CaRbePTdIb:UdsUl ¬dIbU:lsUlRsTab;eRkam manvtþmanenAPaKxagekItTenøemKgÁ dIb:UdsUlB’NRkhm-elOgmanenAPaKxaglic¦ layLMCamYy RbePTdIB’NRbepHmanCatiTwk
- TMB½r51 -
sßitenAtambeNþaypøÚvTwk CatMbn;sMbUreTAedayGasIutlIfUsUl . tMbn;dIpÞúksarFatu)asal;sßitenAtam beNþayPaKxagt,ÚgEdlmanRsTab;dImanCatiEdk GaluymIj:Úm (Latosols)nighu‘MB½T§edaykMNkkMEGrPñMePøIg8
rIÉdItMbn;EdnCMrkstVéRBbMrugsñÜlPaKeRcIn CaRbePTdI RsTab;eRkammanCatiTwk . tambeNþayRcaMgxagsþaMédTenøemKgÁ CaRbePTdIl,ab;lIfUsUl nig dIl,ab;B’Netñat . enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐCIrCati RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT )ancat;TukdItMbn;enH CaBIrRbePT CaTUeTAdImanCIrCatiPaKeRcInsßitenAtMbn;TMnabEk,rRbPBTwk rIÉdIKµanCIrCatisßitenAcenøaH tMbn;x<g;rab nigtMbn;TMnab . Tinñn½yEpnTIdI nigPUKBÖsa®sþ manlkçN³TUeTA nigKb,IRtUvcat;TukCa mUldæansMrab;cg¥úlbgðaj .
KMrbéRBeQImankarfycuHKYreGaykt;sMKal;kñúgry³eBlelIsBI 30qñaMcugeRkay EdlGac eXIjenAkñúgEpnTIKMrbéRBeQIkñúgqñaM8 Regurs
- TMB½r52 -
1976 1997 2002 nig 2006 ¬emIlEpnTIéRBeQI ]bsm½<n§ 2¦ . eTaHbIya:gNak¾eday GnuelameTAtamEpnTIKMrbéRBeQIcugeRkay ¬2002¦ tMbn;PaKeRcIn rbs;extþ RtUv)ancat;fñak;CatMbn;dIéRB dUcmanenAkñúgtaragxageRkam. enHCabrimaN)a:n;sµan eday eyagtamkarvaytémøKMrbéRBeQIrbs;rdæ)aléRBeQIBIqñaM 2002 ¬éRBeQIsrub 79,8%¦ .
éRBeQI 84,2%
dMNaM 7,8%
TwkEdlCn;licéRBel,aH 34,1
%
valERs 5,7%
bwg b¤RtBaMg ¬Gcié®nþy_¦éRBeRsagEdlmansøwkeQIexovRKb;rdUv 23,1
%
cMkar 0,5%
tMbn;fµduHl,ayéRBeRsagnig éRBel,aH 12,7
%
valERsR)aMg/ licTwk 0,3%
épÞTwklatsn§wg lVwgelIVy¬smuRT bwgFM nigTenø¦dItMbn;éRBnigmanedImeQI duHray)a:y 9,2% cMkarsßitCab;PUmi 0,4
%
éRBlicTwkRbePTéRBepSgeTot 5,1% kareFVIksikmµBencr 0,3
%
éRBKem<at licTwkdMNaMcMkar 0,0
%
valPk; b¤vall,b;dMNaMTIval 0,7
%
valesµAlicTwk
enAkñúgextþRkecH mankarpþl;sm,Tandl;GaCIvkmµeQIcMnYn 09 kEnøg eday 05 kEnøg RtUv)an
- TMB½r53 -
bBa©b; ¬tMbn;TaMgenHsßitenAtambeNþayRBMRbTl;PaKxagekIt nigxagekIteqogxageCIg¦. tMbn;karBar FmµCatimancMnYn03kEnøgsßitenAkñúgextþRkecH kñúgenaHEdnCMrkstVéRBsñÜl)ansßitenAPaKxagt,Úg eqogxagekIt EdlCatMbn;EdnCMrkstVéRBd¾sMxan; .
4>2 brisßanCIvsa®sþ bBaðasMxan;²Bak;B½n§eTAnwgFnFa
nCIvcMruH enAkñúgextþTaMg2 énKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic©mandUteTA ³
extþkMBg;cam extþkMBg;cammanRbCaBlrdærs;enA
eRcIn ehIyPaKeRcInRbkbrbrksikmµ CaTUeTAextþenHBMusUv sMbUrstVéRB nigrukçCatiéRBelIsextþd¾éTeT CaBiessextþRkecH . karBinitüemIleTAelIRbPBepSg² )anbgðajfa tMbn;mYycMnYnxageRkam mansar³sMxan; ³ tMbn;TwkeRCAenAkñúgTenøemKgÁbe
gáItCaCMrkdl;RbePTstVTwksab rYmTaMgRbePTRtIraCemKgÁ9
¬emIl ]bsm½<n§ 1 9 Mekong catfish
- TMB½r54 -
sMrab;EpnTIbgðajBItMbn;RbePTRtIrs;enATwkeRCA RbePTRtITTYlrgkarKMramkMEhg¦
manenAsl;tMbn;tictYcénéRBlicTwkTenøemKgÁ EdlbegáItCaCMrk kEnøgbgáat;BUCeTAtamrdUv nig CapøÚvbnøas;TIrbs;RtI nigbkSI EdlkñúgenaHmanRbePTTTYlkarKMramkMEhg nigRbePTEdlesÞIrEt TTYlkarKMramkMEhg .
extþRkecHextþRkecH
CaextþmanRbCaBlrdærs;enA nigRbkbrbrksikmµmanlkçN³ray)a:y nigmanéRBeQI eRcIn ehtuenH extþRkecHsMbUrsþúksþmÖeTAedayRbePTstVéRB nigrukçCaticMruH . sar³sMxan;éntMbn; epSg²Kñakñúgextþman ³ tMbn;GPirkSstVéRBsñÜl
k¾dUcCatMbn;GPirkSéRBeQIenAGNþÚgRkLwg
tMbn;TwkeRCA nigpøÚvTwkenAkñúgTenøemKgÁEpñkxagelIextþRkecH begáIt)anCaTICMrksMrab;RbePTRtI dUhVaMgTwksab RbePTRtI
- TMB½r55 -
nigbkSICaeRcIneTot . PaBlatsn§wgrbs;Tenø bgðajnUvRbPBpþl; GtßRbeyaCn_ d¾sMxan;sMrab;CIv³cMruHénRtITwksab . GgÁkarmUlniFistVéRB “ WWF ” )aneFVI GtþsBaØaNenAkñúgGagTenøenH )ankMNtfa { CatMbn;GaTiPaBcMruH } Edlmansar³sMxan;Caskl .
CatMbn;EdlmanGtßRbeyaCn_d¾sMxan;Caskl EdlTTYlrgkarKMramkMEhg nigEdlesIÞrEtTTYl rgkarKMramkMEhgdl;bkSabkSI EdlmanTItaMgenAEk,rextþRkecH rtn³KIrI nigmNÐlKIrI . eTaHbI ya:gNak¾eday tMbn;TMnabPaKxageCIgeqogxagekItkñúgextþRkecH begáItCaCMrk pøÚvbnøas;TI nigCa kEnøgRCkBYnrbs;RbePTstVTaMgenaH ¬emIl]bsm½<n§ 3 edIm,ICaB½t’mansþIBIRbePTbkSIeTAtam tMbn;¦.
GgÁkarmUlniFistVéRBBiPBelak )ankMNt;tMbn;fa kñúgextþRkecHmansar³RbeyaCn_dl;RbePTstV Edl)anrgeRKaH niggayrgeRKaHdUcCa BBYkfnikstV ]rugÁstV bkSI rYmTaMg \
- TMB½r56 -
®nþI eP QøÚs eRbIs TenSag TaéRB RbePTbkSITwkFM² stVk¶rcgáMks tµat nigRbePTstVGeNþIkmYycMnYneTot ¬sUmemIl kñúgEpnTIrbs;GgÁkarmUlniFistVéRBBiPBelak enAkñúg]bsm<½n§ 4¦ .
4>3 brisßanvb,F’m-sgÁm
- TMB½r57 -
RbCaBlrdæPaKeRcInEdlrs;enAextþTaMgBIrenH CaCnCatiExµrmanrbrdaMdMNaMRsUvPaKeRcIn enA tamtMbn;TMnabsMrab;CaRbPBGaharciBa©wmCIvitRbcaMéf¶. eRkABIenHmanGñkCMnYj Gñklk;dUr m®nþIraCkar GñkensaT nigRbCaBlrdæd¾éTeTot)anrs;enAkñúgshKmn_Rbkbrbrksikmµ nigrs;enAkñúgtMbn; TIRbCMuCn nigtMbn;CayTIRbCMuCn. RbCaBlrdæPaKeRcInkan;RBHBuT§sasna edaymanvtþGaramenAesÞIr RKb;shKmn_sMrab;eKarBbUCa. RbCaBlrdæmankarcgsm<½n§Casac;jati nigmanTMenareTACaRkumRKYsar FM edayEp¥ktamPaBTMnak;TMngCasac;jatipÞal; . PaBxusKñaEpñkesdækic© CaPsþútagbgðajBIPaBxus KñarvagPUmisßitenAtMbn;TIRbCMuCn CayTIRbCMuCn nigPUmienATICnbT. mankarkt;sMKal;fa ksikrEdl mandIeRcIn Kat;k¾manRTBüsm,tþieRcIntamenaHEdr ehIyCIvPaBrs;enArbs;Kat;k¾RbesIr enATIenaHEdr manksikrRkIRkeRcInkñúgcMeNamRbCaBlrdæTaMgGs;
- TMB½r58 -
EdlGacrk)anRtwmEtciBa©wmCIvit b¤mankar xVHxatcMNIGaharkñúgry³eBlNamYyénqñaM . RbCaBlrdæRkIRkbMput nigRbCaBlrdæEdlKµandIFøI Camux sBaØaGñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_BIKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© .
cMeBaHCnCatiedImPaKtic edayeyageTAelIRkbx½NÐEpnsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic enAkñúg KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© tamry³karBiPakSaya:gTUlMTUlayGMBIsßanPaB Tak;TgnwgbBaðasgÁm. karBinitüeLIgvijeTAelITinñn½ymUldæanrbs;XMuqñaM 2006 )anpþl;nUvsßitiRKYsar CnCatiedImPaKtic kñúgextþkMBg;cam nigextþRkecH dUcxageRkam ³ RkumCnCatiedImPaKtic extþRkecH extþkMBg;cam
RKYsar % RKYsar %
Exan 149 0,3 0 0>0kYy 1>277 2,2 0 0>0RkUl 633 1,1 0 0>0mIl 635 1,1 0 0>0Pñg 2>538 4,3 0 0>
- TMB½r59 -
0esÞóg 1>617 2,7 32 >0efµan 73 0,1 0 0>0srubCnCatiedImPaKtic 6287 11>8 32 >0
CaTUeTA RbCaBlrdæCaCnCatiedImPaKeRcInrs;enAkñúgPUmi ¬b¤GnuPUmi¦ Edl)ancgRkgCaRkum EtmYy . ehtuenH XMu)anbBa©ÚlKñarvagPUmiRbCaBlrdæExµr nigPUmiCnCatiedImPaKtic . PUmiCaeRcInEdl RbCaBlrdæCaCnCatiedImPaKticrs;enA KWmanenARsukRkecH nigsMbUr RtUv)antaMglMenACafµIkñúgTsvtS qñaM 1970 BItMbn;x<s;rab eRkamEpnkartaMgTIlMenAfµI]btßmÖedayrdæaPi)al kkþas®gÁam naM[mankar taMglMenAfµIEfmeTot . manPUmimYycMnYn )ane)aHTItaMgenAtambeNþaypøÚvEdleTIbsagsg;fµIkñúg GMLúgeBl 10qñaM cugeRkayenH. TItaMgPUmiPaKeRcInsMbUreTAedaydIERs cab;taMgBIeBlPUmiTaMgenH)an erIeTAkan;tMbn;dITMnab eTaHbImanépÞdITMhMkMNt;kþI . BYkeKrs;enAedayBwgEp¥keRcIneTAelIkarRbmUlpl FnFanFmµCatieRcIn
- TMB½r60 -
CagRbCaBlrdæExµrEdlrs;enAkñúgXMuCamYyKña.
enAkñúgXMuCaeRcIn BMumanvtþman karGnuvtþn_kareFVIksikmµvilCMueToteT b:uEnþGacmanGnuvtþenA tMbn;PUmidac;Rsyal. RbCaBlrdæCaCnCatiedImPaKticPaKeRcIn )aneRbIR)as;PasaBIr sMrab;R)aRs½y Tak;TgKña. BYkKat;bnþeRbIR)as;PasapÞal;enAkñúgshKmn_ xN³EdlRbCaBlrdæRskreRkay manTMenar eRbIR)as;PasaExµreRcInCag . BMumanB½t’manbgðajBIkarlM)akxøaMgelIEpñkPasa EdlGacekIteLIgcMeBaH ®sþIenAeLIyeT .
cMeBaHbBaðaebtikPNÐvb,F’m10
dg;sIueténTItaMgsm½yGgÁr nigmunsm½yGgÁr kñúgRbeTs km<úCa KWmansßanPaBx<s;enAtambeNþayTenøEpñkxageRkam pøÚvTwk nigpøÚvR)aRs½yTak;TgsMxan;² ehIyvaFøak;mksßanPaBTabvij
10 eyageTAtamkMNt;sMKal;TUeTAén KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© sþIBIebtikPNÐvb,F’m edIm,ICaB½t’manlMGitsþIBIbBaðaebtikPNÐvb,F’m
- TMB½r61 -
enAtMbn;éRBPñM . manEtR)asaTsßitkñúgsm½yGgÁrcMnYn 04 eT RtUv)an kt;RtaenAkñúgextþRkecH nigkMBg;cam EdlRbsaTTaMgGs;enaHKWsßitenAtambeNþayTenøemKgÁ ³
02 enAkñúgextþRkecH ³ kñúgXMuERsCiH nigXMuxSwm
02 enAkñúgextþkMBg;cam ³ kñúgXMuCub nigXMumYyepSgeTot .
suksMbUrénextþRkecH KWCatMbn;TIRkugGgÁrcas;d¾FMmYy. Rsukemmt;énextþkMBg;cam CatMbn; ebtikPNÐvb,Fm’RbvtþisaRsþKYreGaykt;sMKal;munkMNt;mYy EdlEsþgecjtamry³ {rUbcMlak;eFVI BIdI} mandUcCa karelIkTMnb;dICargVg;d¾FM EdleRbIR)as;sMrab;CaTICMrkCMuvijPUminayuKsm½yfµ . TItaMgPaKeRcIn)an kMNt;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ KWsßitkñúgRsukemmt;. TItaMgsrubcMnYn 28 RtUv)ankMNt; EdlkñúgenaHrYmman pñÚrsaksBsm½yburaN . elIsBIenH mnÞIrvb,F’mextþ)ankMNt;nUvPUmimYycMnYn CaebtikPNÐvb,F’mrbs;CnCatiedImPaKtic mantémøsMrab;karGPirkS.
- TMB½r62 -
enAmanPUmimYycMnYn enAman “éRBGarkS”
EdlenArkSaTuksMNakdUntarbs;BYkeK . CnCatiedImPaKtic k¾manrs;enAkñúgPUmirbs; RbCaBlrdæExµr EdlenArkSaCMenOdEdl ehIymanedImeQI b¤ TItaMgFmµCatixøH RtUv)ancat;Tukfa CadYgRBlwg . 5> plb:HBal;EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarsMeNIKeRmag
KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgRtUvGnuvtþEp¥keTAtamsMNUmBr fñak;mUldæaneLIgmkfñak;Cati EdskmµPaBPaKeRcInecjBIkmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarCati ¬NCDD b¤ D&D¦ ehtuenH eRkABItMbn;sakl,gcMnYnBIrEdlkMBugGnuvtþ KWBMumanB½t’manGMBIkar BRgIkvisalPaBGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© enAtMbn;NamYy EdlRtUvKaMRTeday KeRmagEbgEckdI edIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© enAeLIyeT. GaRs½yehtuenH karvaytémøbrisßan BwgEp¥kelI
- TMB½r63 -
dMeNIrkar®tYtBinitüplb:HBal; GacekItmaneLIgtamry³bTBiesaFn_ TTYl)anBITItaMgsakl,g TaMgBIrenaH .
5>1 karcat;fñak;elIkic©karBarbrisßanTaMgmUl
KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© RtUv)ancat;fñak;CabzmeTAkñúgRbePT {B} edayFnaKarBiPBelak EdlenAelITItaMgCak;EsþgnwgminsUvmanplb:HBal; EdlkekItecjBIkar vinieyaKrbs;KeRmageLIy tMbn;eFVIkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©nimYy²GacmanTMhMtUc edaykareRCIs erIsTwsedArbs;KeRmag tamry³nIniviFIénkarcUlrYm BIfñak;mUldæaneTAfñak;elI EdlRsbtamkmµviFI vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar . KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgBak;B½n§nwgkar vinieyaKtUc²CaeRcIn dUcCakarsagsg; GNþÚgTwk nigGKar . KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nig karGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgKaMRTkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©en
- TMB½r64 -
AkñúgtMbn;CaeRcInepSgKña . tMbn;EdlKeRmag ykmkGnuvtþ KWmindak;bBa©ÚltMbn;karBar b¤ tMbn;Edl)ancuHbBa¢I { éRBeQI } eLIy dUc)aneFVIkarkt; sMKal;enAkñúgEpñkTI 2 . cMeBaHtMbn;EdldIrdæRtUvminTan;)aneFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµ nigeFVIEpnTIrYc enaHdMeNIkarcaM)ac;RtUveFVIkar BicarNaedayRbugRby½tñcMeBaHFnFanEdlmanelIdI nigkareRbIR)as;dI EdlmanRsab . ebIdUecñH vanwgminGacmanplb:HBal; EdlgaynwgekIteLIgeTAdl;kMritx<s;KYr[Kat; sMKal;cMeBaHtMbn;éRBeQI b¤ CMrkstVéRB EdlRtUvdak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©enaHeT. srubtMbn;EdlGacnwgeRbIR)as;sMrab;sg;lMenAzan nigeFVIksikmµ enAkñúgKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©KWmanTMhMBI 30>000-35>000 ht . edaysardIEdlmanTItaMgkñúg KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© manéRBeQItictYc
- TMB½r65 -
ehIymancMgayq¶ayBIKña rvagTItaMgsm,TandIsgÁmkic©nimYy² nigedaymankarcUlrYmeFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIy:ageBjelj edaymankarcUlrUmBI tMNagsßab½nrbs;rdæaPi)alEdlTTYlbnÞúkkarBaréRBeQI nigFnFanFmµCati . srubmk vanwgminGacmanplb:HBal;x<s;eTAelIéRBeQI nigtMbn;CMrkstVéRBsMxan;² EdlnwgnaMeTArkkar )at;bg;nUvmuxgarsMxan;rbs;éRBeQI EdlbNþalmkBIkarGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© enAkñúg KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©enaHeT .
plb:HBal;EdlgayekItmaneLIgepSgeTot rYmman karbMpøajtMbn;ebtikPNÐvb,F’m b¤ R)asaT plb:HBal;GviC¢maneTAelIshKmn_CnCatiedImPaKtic nigRkumRbCaBlrdægayTTYlrgeRKaH nigplb:HBal;edayRbeyaleTAelItMbn;Citxag nigtMbn;EpñkxageRkam. extþkMBugGnuvtþKeRmag EbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© KWmin)andak;bBa©ÚltMbn;ebtikPNÐvb,
- TMB½r66 -
F’m b¤R)asaT CaeRcInenaHeT ehIyviFankark¾RtUv)andak;ecj sMrab;karBinitüTItaMgEdlGacekItmanplb:HBal; edIm,IFanafa TItaMgenaHRtUv)andkecj. enAkñúgextþGnuvtþKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkar GPivDÆesdækic© BuMsßitenAkñúgtMbn;FM²énkarkareRbIR)as;dIFøICalkçN³RbéBNIrbs;CnCatiedImPaKticeT ehIyRkbx½NÐerobcMEpnkarsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic rYmTaMgviFankarlMGit sMrab;BinitüBic½y[)an c,as;las;eTAelIplb:HBal;dl;CnCatiedImPaKtic nigviFankaredIm,Ikat;bnßyplb:HBalTaMgenaH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg. RkumRbCaBlrdægayTTYlrgeRKaHbMput nigRbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI BIKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© hak;dUcCamanplb:HBal;viC¢mankúñgkrNIenH. cugeRkay dMeNIrkareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøI nigkarBinitüepÞógpÞat; nwgRtUveFVIkarBicarNaeTAelIpl b:HBal;edayRbeyaleTAelItMbn;Citxag nigtMbn;EpñkxageRkam
- TMB½r67 -
dUc)ankt;sMKal;xagedIm karkMNt; tMbn; nigskmµPaBGnuvtþ KWmanlkçN³tUc enAkñúgtMbn;EdlmanlkçN³FMTUlay vahak;dUcCaminman plb:HBal;xøaMgedaypÞal; b¤edayRbeyaleLIy . krNIenH)ansnñidæanfa KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© RtUv)anbBa¢ak;Ca KMerag "RbePT B
" RsbtamnItiviFIrbs;FnaKar BiPBelak .
5>2 plb:HBal;brisßanEdlGacekIteLIgedayKeR
magEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©plb:HBal;brisßanénKeRmagEbgEckdIe
dIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© RtUv)ansegçbeTA tamsmasPaBdUcxageRkam . enAkñúgtaragxageRkam plb:HBalRtUv)andak;Ca { Ix } ehIyviFankar EdlRtUvkat;bnßyRtUv)andak;Ca { Mx } sMrab;eFVICasBaØaeyag . cMeBaHviFankarkat;bnßynimYy² RtUv )anBiBN’naeBjeljenAkñúgEpñkTI 7 .
- TMB½r68 -
dUcEdl)ankt;sMKal;BIEpñkTI 3 smasPaPTI 3 nigTI 4 KW manFmµCatiCalkçN³rdæ)alCacMbg dUecñHvaminBak;B½n§KYr[Kat;sMKal;eTAelIkarBiesaFn_elIEpñk suvtßiPaBbrisßan nigsgÁm . lMhUrnItiviFIénskmµPaBsMxan;² kñúgkareFVIEpnkar nigkarGnuvtþ KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© ¬smasPaKTI1 nigTI2¦ nigviFankarsuvtßiPaB RtUv)aneFVIGtþsBaØaN sMrab;skmµPaBTaMgenH RtUv)ansegçbdUcxageRkam . KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© epþatkarykcitþTukdak; bBa©ÚlbBaðasuvtßiPaBeTAkñúgdMeNIrkareFVI EpnkaredaymankarcUlrYm nigdMeNIrkarGnuvtþFmµta edIm,Iecosvagplb:HBal;GviC¢man CaCagkar RbemIlemIldl;eBlmanplb:HBal; ehIyeTIbeFVIkarkat;bnßyva . bBaðasuvtßiPaBEpñksgÁm maneKal bMNg edIm,IFana[manvivaTGacekItmanticbMputelIdI tamry³kareFVI[R)akdfa karcUlrYmeBjelj
- TMB½r69 -
BIsMNak;CnCatedImPaKtic karbBa©ÚlEpnkartaMgTIlMenACafµI kareFVIEpnkarGMBIlT§PaBEdlGacdk hUtdI PaBcaM)ac; ehIyeFVI[R)akdfa TidæPaBEpñkvb,Fm’ nigyinD½r RtUv)anBicarNay:ageBjelj kñúg eBleFVIEpnkar nigGnuvtþKeRmag . karBicarNaelIbBaðasuvtßiPaB RtUv)anbBa©ÚlKñaCamYybBaðasuvtßiPaB brisßan EdlnwgRtUveFVIkarvaytMéledayGgÁPaBEtmYy edaydak;bBa©ÚlRkbxNÐEdlmankarcUlrYm .
- TMB½r70 -
- TMB½r71 -
1.
2.
3.
karBinitüeLIgvijenA
4.
karBinitüeLIgvijeda
5. fñak;XMu cab;epþImerobcMr)aykarN_ sm,TandIsgÁmkic©
7. fñak;XMu RtverobcMbBa©b;r)aykarN_sm,Tan
6. karcuHbBa¢IdIrdæ
8. erobcMbBa©b;r)aykarN_bzmsþIBIsm,T9.
10.
11.
M.1 erobcMEpnTI BinitüelItMbn;sMxan;² Hot Spots Map
M.3 kareFVIEpnTI, Bt’manPUmisaRsþ , EpnTIrUbPaB M.2 r)aykarN_mKÁeTsn_ & TMrg;EbbbTénkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;M.3 eFVIEpnTIRBag edIm,IerobcMsm,TandIsgÁmkic©M.4 nItiviFI – karBInitüeLIgvijelIEpñksuvtßiPaBedayfñak;extþM.2 r)aykarN_mKÁúeTs nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBionitüM.3
pþl;Tin½yPUmisaRstþ , karvas;Evg nigkareFVIEpnTI)aneFVIrYcM.4 PIM/nItiviFIeFVIlT§kmµ
SLC AEA, karGegát,
M.3 erobcMbBa©b;EpnTIRBag, karvas;EvgedayGKÁsurieyadI nig PUmisaRselITItaMgsm,TandIsgÁmkic©M.4 PLUAC eFVIkarbBa¢ak;eLIjvij M.6
karvaytémøEpñksgÁm, karBieRKaHeyabl;CamYyCnCatiedImM.7
M.4
muxsBaØaGñkTTYldIeFVIkarBinitüEpnTIeLIgvij, AEA, r)aykarN_sm,TandIsgÁmkic© , karvaytémø
smasPaKTI 1: kareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarEbgEckdI ³ EpnTIlMhUrskmµPaB
- TMB½r72 -
1.
2.
karerobcMepÞrm
4.
karepÞrCapøÚvka
5.
7.
karpþl;CMnYyenA
6.
9.
8.
10.
M.1 kareFVIEpnTI Hot Spots edIm,IkMNt;BItItaMgEdl GacmanRKab;minTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn nigtMn;EdlGac mansarFatu Gaesnik
‘Arsenic Hazard’
M.3 erobcMEpnTI, RbB½n§Bt’manPUmisaRsþ, rUbPaBBIpáay rNbEdlbgðajBITItaMgmanRKab;mIn nigTItaMgEdlbnþ eFVIkare)assMGat, tMbn;GPirkSM.4 eFVIkarENnaMGMBIbBaða Kab;minTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn karrkSaTukedImeQI M.2 r)aykarN_ENnaM nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtUtBinitü TItaMg KuNPaB¼smtßPaB dIsMrab;eFVIksikmµ
M.3 EpnTI, Tinñ½y GIS nig rUbPaBBIpáayrNb RtUv)anpþl;CUn fñak;XMu¼Rkumkargarfñak;Rsuk nigr)aykarN_GegátdI nig TwkM.4 nItiviFIkñúgkarpSBVpSayksikmµ,karENnaMBIbBaðaCak;lak;
smasPaKTI 2: esvakmµGPivDÆCnbT nigkarvinieyaK –
3. karerobcMTItaMg
M.4 dMeNIrkarGnuvtþ kñúgenaHman karENnaMGMBITMnak; TMngCamYyRKab;minTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn, kareFVIEpnkar edaymankarcUlrYm sMrab;eFVIkargarFarasaRsþM.5 CMnYybec©keTselIkare)assMGatRKab;minTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn , GgÁkaresvakmµbec
smasPaKTI1 ³kareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarEbgEckdI EdlGnuvtþedayfñak;XMu
plb:HBal;GviC¢manEdlGacekItmandl;Epñkbrisßan nigsgÁmenAkñúgsmasPaKTI1 nigviFan karkat;bnßyplb:HBal;Edl)anesñIeLIg edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenHman ³
plb:HBal;GacekItman kargarRKb;RKg¼viFankarkat;bnßy¼viFankarRKb;RKg1>1 tMbn;)ankMNt;sMrab;eFVIsm,Ta
ndI sgÁmkic© mankarb:HBal;edaypÞal; nigRbeyalelIkarGPirkSFmµCati/ tMbn;éRB b¤tMbn;CMrkEdl)ankarBar RbePTéRBsMxan;² FnFanEdl)an RKb;RKg tMbn;karBar ¬]TahrN_ ³ shKmn_éRBeQI¦ CMrkstVéRB/Rck rebogsMrab;stVéRBbnøas;TI RbePT tMbn;R)asaT b¤ebtikPNÐvb,F’m .
M.1 extþeRbIR)as;EpnTI { sMedA eRCIserIstaMgBIdMNak;kaldMbUg nigkMNt;sBaØaNtMbn;Citxag nigtMbn;EpñkxageRkamEdlGacnwgrgplb:HBal; .M2 r)aykarN_cg¥úlbgðajTij nigTMrg;EbbbTRtYtBinitü nigtMbn;CMrksMxan; RtUv)aneRbIR)as;kñúgdMNak;kalerobcMEpnkaredaymankarcUlrYm nigpþl;karENnaMelIkar eFVIGtBikmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© .M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayNb RtUv)anpþl;dl;fñak;XMu Rkumkargarsm,TandIsgÁmkic©fñak;XMu edaykMNt;tMbn;TaMgenHeGayenAeRkA BitMbn;eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarKitBicarNaBIplb:HBal;eTAelItMbn;xageRkA éntMbn;EdlRtUvGnuvtþn_kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . M.4 eFVIkarBinitüeLIgvijelITMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü mankMritepSg²Kña nig dMNak;kaleFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarGnuvtþn_ .M.5 CMnYybec©keTs enAkñúgkareFVIEpnkarbrisßan )anpþl;[fñak;extþ fñak;Rsuk nigXMu/ .
1>2 tMbn;Edl)aneFVIGtþsBaØaN sMrab; M.3 kareRbIR)as;dIEbbRbéBNI- TMB½r73 -
ykmkGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)aneRbIR)as;eday PUmiepSgeTot¼ CnCatiedImPaKtic sMrab;RbkbrbrciBa©wm CIvittamEbbRbéBNI nigtMbn;Edlman sar³ Epñkvb,F’m nigtMbn;EdlKat;eKarB bUCa .
b¤tMbn;EdlkMBUgeKarB bUCaEdlkMBugdMeNIrkareFVIGtM.6 karvaytémøépñksgÁmkMNt;BIRbCaBlrdæCnCatiedImPaKticenAkñúgXMunimYy² nigkic©xitxMRbwgERbgBiessedIm,Ipþl;B½t’man nigBieRKaHeyabl;CamYyBYkeKeTAtam nItiviFIkMNt;TaMgRsug . M.7 karKitBicarNaCalkçN³BiessenAkñúgkarR)aRs½yTak;TgsMrab;eFVIkarEbgEckdI nigkarcUlrYmkñúgkmµviFIbNþúHbNþal nigkmµviFIpSBVpSay .
1>3 tMbn;Edl)ankMNt;sMrab;kmµviFI sm,TandIsgÁmkic© KWCaEpñkmYy b¤sßitenAkñúgEpnkareFVIsm,Tan dIesdækic©.
M.4 KN³kmµaFikareRbIR)as; nigEbgEckdIfñak;extþ Edlmansßab½nBak;B½n§TTYl bnÞúkRKb;RKgkic©karsm,TandIesdækic©EdlGac kMNt;tMbn;EdlGacmankar®tYtKña xN³eBlBinitüeLIgvijeTAelIEpnTI{ .1>4 karERCIserIs nigkareFVIEpnkar eRbIR)as;dIminl¥nwg bNþal[mankar eRbIR)as;dIminsmRsb karxatbg;Epñk esdækic© kar)at;bg;tMbn;kic©karBar b¤KMrb éRBeQI nigkar)at;bg; b¤karxUcxatdl; CMrkstV EdlsßitenAxagkñúg nigxageRkA tMbn;taMgTIlMenA .1>5 plb:HBal;edayRbeyal BIKMerag eTAelItMbn;Citxag EdlmanTItaMgsßitenA xageRkA tMbn;GnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© bNþalmkBImin)anelIkykmk eFVIkarBicarNa[)anRKb;RCug eRCayenA kñúgEpnkar EdlnaM[manplb:HBal; GviC¢man eTAelIKuNPaBTwk TItaMgbnøas; TIénstVéRB kardutéRBenAtMbn;kEk,rxag kñúgGMLúgeBlkab;qáar karraldalBBYk esµA nig stVl¥itcéRg BItMbn;ksikmµeTA elItMbn;FmµCati nigkarbMpøajesµA elIslub eTAelItMbn;éRB¼valesµACit .
M.2 r)aykarN_cg¥úlbgðajTis nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü KuNPaB¼smtßPaB énTItaMgdIksikmµ nigtMbn:CMrkstVéRBsMxan;² RtUveFVIkarENnaM nigRKb;RKgTidæPaBTaMgenH enAxagkñúg nigCMuvijTItaMgGnuvtk¾dUcCakarKitBicarNaelItMbn;CMuvijTItaMgRbtibtþiKMerag edIm,Iecosvagkarkab;éRBeQI edayBMucaM)ac; .M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayNbRtUv)anpþl;cMeBaH Rkumkargarsm,TandIsgÁmkic©fñak;XMu nigfñak;Rsuk nigkarsikSaeTAelIéRBeQI edaykMNt; rUbPaBKMrbdIBIGtItkal nigbc©úb,nñkalenAkñúg nigCitTItaMgGnuvt sgÁmkic© . M.4 rYmbBa©ÚltYnaTIbc©úb,nñrbs;Rkumkargarsm,TandIsgÁmkic©fñak;Rsuk edIm,I®tYtBinitü nig BinitüeLIgvij eTAelITMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitükarviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIsMrab;kar eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigeFVIEpnTIEdlmanlMdab;fñak;xus²Kña xN³EdlkarviPaKKuNPaB RtUv)anRtYtBinitütamdMNak;kalepSgKñaenAkñúgdMeNIrkaeFVIEpnkar nigGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,Tan dIsgÁmkic© . M.5 pþl;CMnYybec©keTs dl;nigsßab½n fñak;extþ k¾dUcCakarcuHkic©snüatamkarcaM)ac; edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða EdlmanlkçN³ Biess b¤ tamtMrUvkarcaM)ac; sMxan;² . M.8 karviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIsMrab;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©ENnaMmRnþIfñak; nigRbCaBlrdækñúgPUmi tamry³dMeNIrkarcUlrYm KitKUrGMBI Epñkksikmµ EpnkarRKb;RKg FnFanFmµCati nigcUlrYmkarGnuvtM.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYm Gnuvtþ RtUvrYmbBa©ÚlGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al . M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßannigkarGnuvtþn_kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© edayGñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCü1>6 karBicarNamin)anRKb;RCugeRCay eTAelIsmtßPaBdI tMrUvkarxøaMgrbs;ksikr nig/b¤ M.2 r)aykarN_cg¥úlbgðajTis nigr)aykarN_énkarRtYtBinitüsmtßPaBtMbn;sMrab;ksikmµ RtUvepmanépÞdIRKb;RKan;tamkar caM)ac; EdlGacplites,óg)anRKb;
- TMB½r74 -
sMBaFeTAelImRnþIrdæaPi)al edIm,I[ begáIncMnYnmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI EdlnaM[ kareRCIserIsTItaMgmin)anl¥ b¤kartaMgTI lMenA BMumanlkçN³cIrPaB edaysar karpþl;tMrUvkarCamUldæansMrab;karrs;enA min)anRKb;RKan; .
nigGacrkR)ak;)ansMrab;tMrYvkarkñúgRKYsar ehIykar ):an;RbmaNcMNUl EdleFVIkarvaytMél edayEp¥keTAelIlkçN³vinicä½yénPaBRkIRk FanafamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldInwgrkcMNUl)anelIBIPaBRkIRk. M.8 karviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIsMrab;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©rYmbBa©ÚldMeNIrkarlMGit epþateTAelIkarvaytémøsmtßPaB nigviFIsa®sþGPivDÆdIsmRsb edaybBa©ÚlshKmn_ éRBeQI CamUldæanRKwHénkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati .1>7 kareFVIEpnkarEpñksgÁm min)anRKb; RCugeRCaycMeBaHshKmn_CnCatiedImPaK tic ®sþI nigGñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_epSg eTot bNþaleGayekItmanplb:HBal; GviC¢maneTAelIkareRbIR)as;dItamlkçN³ RbéBNI nig/b¤karpatecalsgÁmkic© .
M.1 fñak;extþeRbIR)as;EpnTI {edImPaKtic EdlTak;TgnwgkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© .M.4 esovePAENnaMGMBIkarGnuvtþn_KMeragelIkeLIgGMBIdMeNIrkarcUlrYmBIPaKIBak;B½n§ enAdMNak;kalepSg² kñúgkarkMNt; karEbgEckdIFøI karGegátGMBIRKYsar nigRbB½n§ ®tYtBinitü .M.6 karvaytémøsgÁm nigRbCaBlrdæEdlgay rgeRKaHepSgeTot enAkñúgXMusgáat;nimYy² nigkic©xitxMRbwgERbgd¾Biessy:agNa edIm,I pþl;B½t’mannigBieRKaHCamYyBYkKat; enARKb;dMNak;kalGnuvtþ .M.7 karBicarNaCaBiessenAkñúgkic©R)aRs½yTak;Tg CMerIsB½t’manCUndl;RbCaBlrdæ CnCatiedImPaKtic KWkarEbgEckdIFøI karbNþúHbNþal nigkmµviFIpSBVpSaybnM.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYm Gnuvtþ RtUvbBa©ÚlGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)aledIm,ICYypSBVpSayB½t’maneTARKb;muxsBaØaEdl gaynwgrgeRKaH .
1>8 kar)a:n;sµancMnYnRKYsarEdlRtUvtaMg TIlMenA ─ krNIenH GacCaehtupl bNþaleGaymankarekIteLIgnUvRKYsar mYycMnYncUleTAtaMgTIlMenA enAkñúgtMbn; enaH munmanesckþIsMercrbs;edIm,Ignuvtþ kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© .1>9 EpnTI nigkarCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ sþIGMBIKMerag bgðajBIEpnkar nwgGacQan eTArkkarkab;eQIedIm,ITajykFnFan nigT®nÞankan;kab;dIxusc,ab; .
M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayrNbkan;kab;dI nigkareRbIR)as;dI EdlGac[eyIgeFVIGtM.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkarnigkarGnuvtþn_KMerag cUlkan;kab;dIcugeRkay GñkEdlcUlkan;kab;eRkaykabriecäTenHnwg BMumankarTUrTat;sMNgdl;GñktaMgTIlMenAeLIy ehIyRtUvmankarGegáteTAelI karkan;kab;dIbc©úb,nnigkareRbIR)asdI edaysßab½nBak;B½n§nwgRtUv)anCUndMNwgGMBIsMeNIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©esñIsMutamry³ karcUlrYmrbs;Kat;enAkñúgKN³kmµaFikareRbIR)as; nigEbgEckdIfñak;extþk¾dUcCakardak; ecjnUvviFankar®tYtBinitü nigbgáarkarT®nÞankan;kab; nigkartaMgTIlMenA kñúgGMLúgeBl beNþaHGasnñ . M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmrYmbBa©ÚlB½t’man pSBVpSayGMBIbTdæanc,ab;eGaymanlkçN³TUlMTUlay . 1>10 RKab;rMesvminTan;pÞúH nigtMbn;dImIn sßitenAtMbn;EdlGacykmkGnuvtþkmµviFI eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© GacbgárPaBeRKaH fñak;dl;ksikrnig RKYsarrbs;BYkKat; k¾dUcCardæ)alXMu nigRsuk Gñkpþl;esva kmµbec©keTsnigGñkem:Akar .
M.1 extþeRbIR)as;EpnTI {minTan;pÞúH nigtMbn;manRKab;mIn edayEp¥ktamTinñn½yEdlmanRsabénkarTmøak;RKab;Ebk Tinñn½yénkarGegátlMdab;TI1 {M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayNbRtUv)anpþl;cMeBaHRkumkargarsm,TandIsgÁmkic©fñak;XMu¼Rsuk edayedATItaMgEdleRKaHfñak; M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkarnigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragnigdMeNIrkardak; søaksBaØaTak;TgnwgyT§PNÐminTan;pÞúHnigtMbn;manRKab;mIn .M.5 CMnYybec©keTs
- TMB½r75 -
rYmbBa©ÚlkarerobcMl½kçx½NÐ sMrab;Pñak;garedaHmIn nigRtYtBinitüecaH²eLIgvijkñúgTMhMkargarRbmaN 5M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmbNþal[mankaryl;dwgGMBIyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigtMbn;manRKab;mIn dl;RbCaBlrdæEdl CamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI m®nþIXMu nigRsuk Gñkem:Akar nigEpñkBak;B½n§epSgeTot .M.10 Rkume)assMGatyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigskmµPaBedaHmInpþl;karyl;dwgkñúg cMeNamGñkcUlrYm nigmRnedaysaryuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mInedIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBeRKaHfñak; KwkarGegátelIépÞdIxagelIEdlGacemIl eXIj edaydak;sBaØasMKal; nigykecjRbePTRKab;EdlemIleXIj k¾dUcCaXøaMemIl TitaMgedaHmInCaRbcaM edIm,IerobcMRbtikmµeqøIytbeTAtamtMrUvkar .
dUc)aneXIjenAkñúgtaragxagelI viFankarCaeRcIn)andak;ecjedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaEdlGac ekIteLIgGviC¢manelIEpñkbrisßan edayGnuvtþsmasPaBTI1énKeRmag . manbBaðamYy EdlRtUveFVIkar BiPakSabEnßm KWbBaðaéRBeQI . dUc)ankt;sMKal;enAkñúgCMBUkTI2 sþIBI karvaytémøbrisßan nigEpnkar RKb;RKgbrisßan KWenAPaBminc,as;lal; EdlRtUveFVIkarbBa¢ak; rvagc,ab;éRBeQI nigc,ab;PUmi)al eday dIPaKeRcInenAkñúgRbeTs BMuTan;)ancuHbBa¢IcapøÚvkar tamGaNtþirbs;sßab½nEdlGacerobcM)anenAeLIy enAmanbBaðabEnßmEdlBMuTan;)anykmkedaHRsay enaHKWbec©keTsCamUldæan EdllT§pléndMeNIr kareFVIEpnTIRtUv
- TMB½r76 -
{ manPaBc,as;las; } kñúgkareFVIcMNat;fñak;dIEdlRKb;dNþb;eTAelI kareFVIGtþsBaØaN kmµ nigeFVIEpnTIdIrdæ nigkareGayniymn½yeTAelIBakü "éRBeQIrikril " . eyIgsgÄwmfa bBaðaenH GaceFVIkaredaHRsay)an kñúgGMLúgeBlGnuvtþKeRmag EbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© . eday)anBiPakSaCamYymRnþICan;x<s;rbs;raCrdæaPi)an )ankMNt;fa nwgminmanbBaðaFMdMeT EdlGaceFVI [KeRmagCYbnwgbBaðaenH .
r)aykarcg¥úlTis sMrab;karRtYtBinitüeTAelIéRBeQI nigdMeNIrkarviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIsMrab;kar eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© eKaledAedIm,IGPirkSmuxgaréRBeQIEdlmanGtßRbeyaCn_edaypÞal; enAkñúg nig CMuvijtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© ¬NTFPs
Timber¦ nigtMéledayRbeyal ¬tMbn;karBardICMral karsþúk sarFatukabUn[dac;edayELkBITICMrkrbs;munsS nigstV ®tYtBinitükarhUreRcaH k¾dUcCakareRbIR)as; sMrab;vis½yesdækic©naeBlGnaKt
- TMB½r77 -
¬]sSahkmµ karkMsanþ »sfkmµ ksikmµ¦. CaTUeTA KeRmag EbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nwgeCosvagkarb:HBal;eTAelItMbn;GPirkSmuxgaréRBeQI EdltMbn;TaMgenaHminEmnCatMbn;éRBricril ehIyvamantMéledaypÞal; b¤edayRbeyal naeBlbc©úb,nñ b¤eTAGnaKt. RtUveFVIkarBicarNa elIlT§PaBénkartaMgTIlMenAedayxusc,ab; EdlminGac®tYtBinitü)an enAkñúgtMbn;éRBeQI b¤kardkhUt FnFanéRBeQIsßiteRkamdMeNaHRsay "BMueFVIGVITaMgGs;" krNIenHRtUv)ankt;sMKal;enAkñúgtMbn; sakl,gTaMgBIr ehIyk¾)aneFVIkarBicarNaeRcInelICIvPaBrs;RbcaMéf¶ CaglT§PaBEdlGaceFVI)an . karGnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg dMeNaHRsayeTAelIbBaðatulüPaB nwgRtUv)anKaMRTdl;buKÁlkan;kab;dI EdlTTYl )anBIkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© rYmnwg karykcitþTukdak; GMBIshKmn_éRBeQI karRKb;RKgtMbn;dICMral nigkarBicarNaedayRbugRby½tñeTAelIkarGPirkSFnFanTwk nigdI.
- TMB½r78 -
krNIenHhak;dUcCalT§plénkar bEmøgtMbn;éRBeQIeTACatMbn;dIksikmµ b:uEnþCaTUeTAkarRKb;RKg FnFanéRBeQIenAkñúgtMbn;sm,TandI sgÁmkic©nwgRtUvEklMG edaykare)aHbegÁalrwgmaM edIm,bkarBaréRBeQIsMrab;plRbeyaCn_ rbs; shKmn_pÞal; .
viFankarEdl)andak;ecjxagelI nwgpþl;plb:HBal;viC¢mandl;EpñksgÁm nigbrisßan . plb:HBal;TaMgenHmandUcxageRkam ³
plb:HBal;viC¢manEdlGacekItmanI.11 fñak;extþRtUverobcM nigEklMGbnþ nigeRbIR)as;EpnTI {sMrab;CameFüa)ayRtYtBiniüEpñksgÁm nig brisßan enAkñúgKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigKMeragepSgeTot edaykat;bnßy b¤ lubbM)at;plb:HBal;GviC¢mansMxan;²EdlekItecjBIkarvinieyaK .I.12 kareFVIGtþsBaØakmµ nigkareFVIEpnTIdIrdæ RtUveFVIkarbBa¢ak;GMBIGaNtþirbs;sßab½nBak;B½n§nwgkargardIFøIenAfñak;extþ edayGnuBaØateGaymankarEklMGelIkarRKb;RKg nigmantmøaPaB . I.13 tMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)ane)assMGatyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn ehIyGñkEdlBak;B½nÐnwgkarGnuvtþmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI m®nþIraCrdæaPi)al Gñkem:Akargar nigGñkpþl;esvakmµ RtUv)anbNþúHbNþal elIcMeNHdwgGMBIRKab;mInsMrab;kargarnaeBlGnaKt .I.14 m®nþIfñak;XMusgáat; Rsuk extþnigfñak;Cati rYmTaMgGñkPUmicUlrYm RtUv)anbNþúHbNþal ehIyeKGacTTYl)an bTBiesaFn_ kñúgkarRtYtBinitübBaðabrisßan nigsgÁm nigbriFan nigeKalkarN_ENnaM sMedACYysMrYldl;karvaytémø elIkarGnuvtþn_ karRKb;RKg kar®tYtBinitü nigkat;bnßy elibBaðasuvtßiPaB . I.15 kareRbIR)as;dIenAtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)anerobcMCaEpnkar nigRKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ EdlCalT§pl énkic©karBartémøbrisßan
- TMB½r79 -
nigEklMGCIvPaBrs;enAedaycIrPaBrbs;muxsBaØaGñkTTYldI .I.16 tMbn;manhaniP½ybNþalmkBIkarrT®nÞannigkarkab;bMpøajbMpøajéRBeQI nwgRtUveFVIkarGPirkS EdlCalT§pl énkartaMgTIlMenArbs;muxsBaØaGñkTTYldIenAkñúgtMbn; eTAtamEpnkar nigviFankarRKb;RKgl¥itl¥n; nigkardak;viFankar eTAelIr)aykarN_énkareFVI[b:HBal;tMbn;TaMgenaH .
smasPaKTI2 ³ karvinieyaK nigesvakmµGPivDÆn_CnbT
plb:HBal;GviC¢mandl;Epñkbrisßan nigsgÁm GacekItmanenAkñúgsmasPaKTI1 nigviFankar kat;bnßy Edl)anesñIeLIg rYmman ³
plb:HBal;EdlGacekItman2.1 karerobcMdI ³ ¬k¦ karvas;Evg ¬x¦ karsMGatdI ¬K¦ karkMNt;RBMRbTl;dI ¬X¦ kareFVIpøÚv1.17 yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúHnigRKab;mIn sßitenA kñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUve)assMGat sMrab;eFVIsikmµ kMNt;RBMRbTl;CaéRBeQI shKmn_ b¤kareRbIR)as;d¾éT b¤enAelItMbn; Edlman b¤tMbn;sMrab;ksagpøÚv nigrcna sm<½n§epSgeTot nwgGacbgáreRKaHfñak;dl; ksikr RkumRKYsarrbs;Kat; k¾dUcCabuKÁlik bec©keTsnigGñkTTYlemA:kar .
M.1 fñak;extþRtUveRbIR)as;EpnTI { tMbn;EdlGacmanyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúHnigRKab;mIn edayEp¥kelITinñn½y RKab;pÞúHEdlmanRsab; karGegátlMdab;fñak;TimYy nigTinñn½yénkar e)assMGat;RKab;mIn.M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayrNb®tUv)anpþl;CUnnigfñak;RsukM.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragmankarENnaM nigdMeNIrkar EdlRtUveFVITak;TgnwgyuT§PNÐminTan; pÞúH nigRKab;mIn .M.5 CMnYybec©keTskarerobcMl½kçx½NÐdl;Pñak;garedaHmIn nigeFVIkarRtYtBinitüecaH² elITMhMkargarRbmaN5M.9 CUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmkarbNþúHbNþalelIkaryl;dwgGMBIyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn dl;RbCaBlrdæCamuxsBaØGñkTTYldI m®nþIXMu nigRsuk GñkTTYlem:Akar nigEpñkBak;B½n§.M.11Rkume)assMGat yuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigskmµPaBmInkarkarGegátenAelIépÞEpñkxagelIdIEdlGacemIleXIj kareRbIR)as; ]bkrN_ravrkedIm,ItMNt;TItaMg nigykRKab;TaMgenaHecjkrNIemIl eXIj karravrkeTAkñúgCeRmAdI karravrkedaybgáarenACMuvijkardæan sagsg;
- TMB½r80 -
nigXøaMemIlTItaMgedaHmInCaRbcaMedIm,I erobcMRbtikmµeqøIy tbeTAtamtMrUvkar .1.18 karhUreRcaHdIbNþalmkBIkarRKb;RKg min)anRtwmRtUv cMeBaHdIEdl)ankab;qáar nig kar)at;bg;møb;eQI b¤edImeQIEdlmanGtß- RbeyaCn_sMrab;témøesdækic© naeBlxagmux .
M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayNb®tUvpþl;CUnnig GñkTTYlem:Akarnig karsikSaGMBIdI edIm,I[yl;dwgGMBIlT§PaBGachUreRcaH .M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkarnigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragRtUvdak;sBaØa elIedImeQIEdlminGnuBaØat[kab; edayEp¥kelIkarviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdI enAkñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarENnaMEpñkbec©keTs .M.5 CMnYybec©keTsvas;EvgEpñksurieyadI karkab;qáardIéRB nigkardak;sBaØaRBMRbTl; sMrab;[Gñkem:Akar)andwg.M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmeFVIkarkMNt;elITItaMgEdlRtUvdak;sBaØahamXat; nigEdlRtUvkab;qáar edImeQINaEdlminRtUvkab;.M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan bnÞab;BIry³eBl06-12Ex edayGñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCü .
1.19 karbMpøajtMbn;ebtikPNÐvb,Fm’ muxgar rbs;éRBeQI nigtMbn;CMrksMxan;² .M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayrNb®tUv)anpþl;CUnfñak;RsukkarBRgIkdItMbn;edaH mIn nigtMbn;manpøaksBaØaGMBIGtßRbeyaCn_BiesssMrab;karGPirkS .M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragrYmbBa©Úlkar viPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIsMrab;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmeKalkarN_ENnaM edayminrab;bBa©ÚltMbn;EdlminTan;man karkab;qáar .M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmeFVIGttMbn;EdlnwgRtUveFVIkar GPirkS . M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan nigkar®tYtBinitü bnÞab;BIry³eBl06-12Ex edayGñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCü .
1.20 pøÚvcUl-karerobcMGMBIplb:HBal; ³ kareFVI pøÚvcUl[manPaBgayRsYleTAkan;tMbn; éRBeQI nigtMbn;CMrksMxan; b¤tMbn;ebtikPNÐ vb,Fm’ CalT§plnwgbNþal[mankarbMpøaj dl;sm,tþiTaMgenH
M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragkareFVIEpnkar edaymankarcUlrYmCaeRcIndMNak;kal rYmmankarKitKUreTAelIpøÚvfñl; P¢ab;eTAnwgtMbn;éRBeQI nigtMbn;CMrksMxan;² tMbn;ebtikPNÐvb,Fm’ RtUvmanEpnTIsMKal;TItaMgpøÚvc,as;las; .M.5 CMnYybec©keTskñúgenaHrYmman mRn
- TMB½r81 -
karcUleTAtaMgTIlMenA nigplb:HBal;bNaþlmkBIkarsagsg; karbMpøajdITIval éRBeQI nigpøÚvTwkenAEk,r kEnøgsagsg; karCIkdIedIm,Icak;bMeBj kar dwksMPar³sagsg; nigeRKOgcRkFM²nwgrgkar bMpøajdl;pøÚvfñl; karbMBulExSTwkbNþalmkBI kargarsagsg; . plb:HBal;bNþalmkBIkargarRbtibtþi ³ eFVI[ mankarpøas;bþÚrRbB½n§GUrFmµCati kar)ak;dIeday sarkarpøas;bþrRbB½n§TwkhUr karhUreRcaHrcna sm<½n§EpñkxagelI nigxageRkam bBaðaEdlekIt eLIgedaysarkMeNIncracr bBaðaFUlIhuy .plb:HBal;edayRbeyal ³ karekIneLIgcMnYnRbCaBlrdæmkrs;enAkñúgtMbn;enH .
nigkarKaMRTBIsßab½nBak;B½n§fñak;extþnig tamry³karerobcMKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆesdækic© elIkarGnuvtþn_ nigkarRbtibtþikargarGPivDÆehdæarcnasm½<n§CnbT . M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmenARKb;dMNak;kal RtUvmankarrYmbBa©ÚlBIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al .M.10 kareFVsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan sm½<n§kñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©nwgRtUvGnuvtþn_ edaym®nþImnÞIr brisßanextþ . M.12 eKalkarN_karBarbrisßantamRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarEdlmanRsab; rYmTaMgesovePAENnaM karerobcMsþg;dar nigxñatKMrU eKalkarN_ENnaMdl;dl;GñkemA:kar nigxEcgkñúgkic©snüa Tinñn½ymUldæanGBIGñkem:Akar nitiviFIc,as;las; nigviFankar®tYtBinitü nigvaytémø .
1.21 karpÁt;pÁg;Twks¥at-kareFVIEpnkar nig karerobcM ³ RbPBTwkeRkamdIGacmansarFatu Gaesnic karpÁt;pÁg;TwkeRkamdIminRKb;RKan; GacQankarCIkrkTwkenAeRkamdI karpÁt;pÁg; TwkTTYlrg\T§iBlBIskmµPaBepSg² karsagsg; ³ karbMBulbNþalmkBIsMNl; ravkekIteLIgBIkarxYg karsagsg;GNþÚgTwk min)anl¥ . karGnuvt ³ RbPBTwkGNþÚgBIeRkamdI TwkRkxVk;enACMuvijGNþÚg kareRbIR)as;Twk nigkarEfTaMmin)anl¥ CalT§pl vanwgbgá eGaymanbBaðab:HBal;suxPaB .
M.1 fñak;extþRtUveRbIR)as;EpnTI { rgkarbMBuledaysarFatuGaesnic .M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkarnigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragmankarENnaM nignItiviFIsMrab;karGegáttamdankMritsarFatuGaesnic nigFnFanTwk TwkCaTUeTA . M.5 CMnYybec©keTselIFnFanTwk karerobcMTItaMgRbPBTwk bNþúHbNþal b¤ ®tYtBinitücMeBaHGñkem:Akar.M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³mankarbegáInkMrityl;dwgelIkarpÁt;pÁg;Twk nigGnam½y nigkarbegáIn skmµPaBGnuvtþ .M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan ry³eBl06Ex edayGñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCü .M.12 eKalkarN_karBarbrisßantamRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarEdlmanRsab; rYmTaMgesovePAENnaM karerobcMsþg;dar nigxñatKMrU eKalkarN_ENnaMdl;dl;GñkemA:kar nigxEcgkñúgkic©snüa Tinñn½ymUldæanGBIGñkem:Akar nitiviFIc,as;las; nigviFankar®tYtBinitü nigvaytémø .
2.2 karpþl;CMnYyeBlcUleTATItaMgtMbUg ³ ¬k¦ BagTwk nigtMrgeRcaHTwk ¬x¦- TMB½r82 -
¬K¦ RKab;BUC ¬X¦ Cir1.22 kareRCIserIsBUC nigbec©kviTüamin)an RtwmRtUv bNþaleGayxUcKuNPaBdI bgáeLIgedayrbbdaMduHCalkçN³GaCIvkmµ kareRbIR)as;CielIslub b¤min)ansmRsb eFVIeGaymankarbMBulTwkeRkamdI bgáeGay manvtþmanTwkCatiéRbcUl nigkarbMBuldI .
M.2 r)aykarN_cg¥úlbgðajTis nigkarRtYtBinitütMbn;dIeFVI ksikmµ sMrab;KuNPaBdI¼smtßPaBdI pþl;karENnaMedIm,IBicarNar elIdI zanelxadI FnFanTwk RbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmrbs;dI kardaMduHman lkçN³esdækic© kMlaMgBlkmµ RTBüFnsMrab;bMerI[vis½yksikmµ RbePTénkareFVIksikmµ karerobcMGgÁkar nigFnFan . M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayrNb®tUv)anpþl;CUnfñak;RsukM.5 CMnYybec©keTsrYmTaMg karKaMRTBIm®nþIbec©keTs nigsßab½nBak;B½n§fñak;extþ nig tamry³KeRmagEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© sMrab;CaKMrUBiessmYyeTAtamtMbn;Edlricril nigKaMRTdl;fñak;Cati elIkarviPaKdI nigGPivDÆTinñn½ymUldæan .M.8 karviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIkñúgtMbn;dIsm,TansgÁmkic©edaym®nþIfñak;XMu Rsuk nigGñkPUmi tamry³dMeNIrkaredaymankar cUlrYmKitKUrGMBIdI karerobcMEpnkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati nigkar Gnuvtþn_ .M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan nigkarGnuvtþn_ )anry³eBl06Ex edayGñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCü .
2.3 esvakmµCnbT ³ ¬k¦ yuT§nakarGMBITwk nigEpñkGnam½y ¬x¦ karKaMRTEpñkbec©keTsEdlminEmnmanlkçN³ ksikmµ ¬K¦ karKaMRTedayBRgIkvisalPaBeBjelj ¬ry³eBlBIrqñaM¦ ¬X¦ karKaMRTbec©kviTüaeRkABIksidæan ¬g¦ esvakmµsuxPaB ¬c¦esvakmµd¾éTeTot ¬C¦ esvakmµbec©keTssMrab;sikSaRsavRCav erobcM nigkar®tYtBinitü . 1.23 karKaMRTvis½yksikmµsMedA begáInkar eFVIRbBlvb,kmµkardaMduH EdlnaMeGaybegáIn mankareRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itEdlbgáeGay mankarbMBulFnFanTwk dI nigbMpøajdl;suxPaBRbCaBlrdæ edaykar GnuvtþminRtwmRtUv nigPaBkxVk;kñúgcMNIGahar.
M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMerag rYmman karpSBVpSayelIvis½yksikmµCaRbcaM BIGñkpþl;esvakmµ kar hamXat;elIkareRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥it b¤kareFVIlT§kmµsMPar³ ksikmµ nigkarelIkkMBs;eRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþkMcat;stVl¥itcéRg edayBMu eRbIsarFatuKImI . M.5 CMnYybec©keTsTaMgkarKaMRTdl;m®nþIbec©keTs nigsßab½nBak;B½n§fñak;extþ tamry³ nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©karerobcMdI karP¢Ürras; karRKb;RKgdI nigTwk karRKb;RKgsarFatuciBa©wm edayviFIcMruH bec©kviTüadaMduH eBlevladaMduH nigkarRKb;RKg stVl¥itcéRgedayviFIsa®sþcMruH . M.8 karviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIkñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©
- TMB½r83 -
dwknaMeday m®nþIfñak;XMu Rsuk nigGñkPUmi tamry³dMeNIrkaredaymankarcUlrYm KitKUrGMBIdI nigkareFVIksikmµ karerobcMEpnkarRKb;RKgFnFan FmµCati nigkarGnuvtþn_ .M.10 kareFIVsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan Gnuvtþ
1.24 karKaMRT[mankarBRgIkvisalPaBeBj elj - karelIkkMBs;vis½yb,sustV EdlGac naMeTAdl;karqøgraldalénCMgWstVdl;ksikr lkçx½NÐ EdlKµanGnam½yenAkñúgtMbn;lMenA dæan nigkarbMBulRbPBTwkeRkamdI . kar layLMKñarvagstVRsuk nigstVéRB Gacbgá eGayekIt manCMgWraldaldl;stVéRB .
M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigdMeNIrkarGnuvtþn_KMeragedaysarfvikamankMrit dUecñHkMriténkarCYy]btßmÖEpñkb,sustVk¾mankMritEdr EdlCamUlehtukat;bnßyplb:HBal; . karpþl;esvakmµ suxPaB nigKøInik KWpþl;nUvkarkMNt;sBaØaNkmµRbePTCMgW nig kareqøIytbd¾RtwmRtUv .M.5 CMnYybec©keTsrYmman karbegáInsuxPaBstVenAtamPUmi karelIkkMBs;kar yl;dwgGMBIkarEfrkSabsustV nigkarbgáarCMgW RbB½n§RKb;RKgb,sustV nigesvakmµsuxPaB M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ nUvB½t’mansþIGMBIsuxPaB edIm,IbgáarPaBraldalénCMgWeTAmnusS nigstV .M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan nigkarGnuvtÉkraCü .
2.4 ehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT ³ ¬k¦ ral;pøÚvlMkñúgcMgaypøÚv 02 KILÚEm:Rt ¬x¦ kargarsagsg;pøÚvfñl;bEnßm ¬K¦ karEfrTaMpøÚvfñl;RbcaMqñaM ¬X¦ karpÁt;pÁg;TwktamlMenAdæan ¬g¦ karpÁt;pÁg;TwkbEnßm ¬c¦ salaeron nigsMPar³ ¬q¦ kic©kareRsacRsB ¬C¦ mCÄmNÐlsuxPaB sBaØasMKal;Epñkbrisßan nig ¬d¦ karEfTaMehdæarcnasm<½n§ . 1.25 yuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;dImInenA kñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© ®tUv)aneRbIR)as; elIkarPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§ EdlvanwgbegáIt CaTMrg;eRKaHfñak;dl;ksikr nigRKYsarrbs; BYkKat; k¾dUcCam®nþIbec©keTsnig GñkemA:kar.
M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragmankarENnaM nignItiviFIEdlRtUvGnuvtþTak;TgnwgyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúHnigRKab;mIn .M.5 CMnYybec©keTsl½kçx½NÐkatrgardl;Pñak;garedaHmIn nigeFVIkarBinitüedayecaH² elITMhMkargarEdleFVI)anRbmaN 5M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmkarbNþúHbNþalelIkaryl;dwgGMBIyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab; mIn dl;RbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI m®nþIfñak;XMu nigfñak; Rsuk Gñkem:Akar nigEpñkBak;B½n§.M.11Rkume)assMGatyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigskmµPaBmInkarkarGegátenAelIépÞEpñkxagelIdIEdlGacemIleXIj kareRbIR)as; ]bkrN_ravrkedIm,ItMNt;TItaMg nigykRKab;TaMgenaHecjkrNIemIl eXIj karravrkeTAkñúgCeRmAdI
- TMB½r84 -
karravrkedaybgáarenACMuvijkardæan sagsg; nigXøaMemIlTItaMgedaHmInCaRbcaMedIm,I erobcMRbtikmµeqøIy tbeTAtamtMrUvkar .1.26 pøÚv nigkarEfTaMpøÚv bgáeGayekItman plb:HBal;GviC¢man dUc)anelIkeLIgenAkñúg cMNuc1.19 .
emIlviFankarkat;bnßyenAkñúgcMNuc
1.27 karpÁt;pÁg;Twks¥at GacbgáeGaymanplb:HBal;GviC¢man dUc)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgcMNuc 1.20 .
emIlviFankarkat;bnßyenAkñúgcMNuc
1.28 sMNg; sMrab;esvakmµshKmn_ nig salaeron bgáeGayekItmansMNl; Edl bnSl;TukedayGñkem:Akar nigPaBxVHxat meFüa)ayGnam½y bNþaleGayekItman CMgWqøg.
M.12 kic©karBarbrisßantamRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarEdl manRsab;rYmTaMgesovePAENnaM karerobcMsþg;dar nigxñatKMrU eKalkarN_ENnaMdl;dl;GñkemA:kar nigxEcgkñúgkic©snüa Tinñn½ymUldæanGBIGñkem:Akar nitiviFIc,as;las; nigviFankar®tYtBinitü nigvaytémø .1.29 kargarsagsg;RbBn§½FarasaRsþ ─ plb:HBal;BIkarerobcM ³ GacbNþal[man plb:HBal;eTAelIRbB½n§Clsa®sþ EpñkxagelI nigxageRkam karBRgIktMbn;eFVIksikmµ Edl GaceFVIeGay[b:HBal;dl;éRBeQI .plb:HBal;BIkarsagsg; ³ karbMpøajtMbn;CMuvij kardæan bMBuldl;ExSTwk karbMpøajeday sarsMPar³sMNg;. plb:HBal;BIkarGnuvtþ³ kareFVIeGayCn;licenA EpñkxagelI kgVHTwkenAEpñkxageRkam karhUr eRcaHCMuvijrcnasm<½n§sMNg; nigRbB½n§RbLay karpøas;bþÚrKuNPaBTwk karbMpøajCIvCatidI edaysarkarTwkBIRbB½n§FarasaRsþ kar)at;bg; RtI karbþÚrrbrksikmµ edaybegáInkareRbIR)as; CI nigfñaMsMlab;stVl¥it man bBaðasgÁm bNþalmkBIkarEbgEckplRbeyaCn_ minesµI
M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_Kmerag³ rYmmankarerobcMEpnkaredaymankarcUlrYmenAeRcIndMNak;kal rYmTaMgkar karBicarNaeTAelIkarsagsg;RbB½n§FarasaRsTMnak;TMngrvagtMbn;xagelI nigxageRkam karykcitkarGPirkSFnFanFmµCati karerobcMshKmn_ edIm,IEklMGkargar RKb;RKg karhamXat;kareRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥it b¤karGnuvtþn_Epñk lT§kmµ nigkarbegáItviFIsa®sþkMcat;stVl¥itcéRg edayBMueRbIsarFatu KImI . M.5 CMnYybec©keTs ³kñúgenaHman karKaMRTBIsMNak;m®nþIbec©keTs nigsßab½nBak;B½n§ fñak;extþEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nig GPivDÆn_esdækic© karGnuvtkarpSBVpSayEpñkksikmµ.M.8 karviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdIkñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©naMmuxeday m®nþIfñak;XMu fñak;Rsuk nigGñkPUmi tamry³dMeNIrkaredaymankar cUlrYmKitKUrGMBIdI nigkareFVIksikmµ karerobcMEpnkarRKb;RKg FnFanFmµCati nigkarGnuvtþn_ .M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³
- TMB½r85 -
Kña nigkarRKb;RKgminRtwmRtUveTAelIRbB½n§ kargar . dMeNIrkarGnuvtþn_ RtUvmankarcUlrYmBIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al . M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan§sMrab; kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© ehIyGnuvtþn_edaymnÞIrbrisßanextþ .M.12 kic©karBarbrisßan tamRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarEdl manRsab;esovePAENnaM cMsþg;dar nigxñatKMrU eKalkarN_ENnaMdl;dl;GñkemA:kar nigxEcg kñúgkic©snüa Tinñn½ymUldæanGBIGñkem:Akar nitiviFIc,as;las; nig viFankar®tYtBinitü nigvaytémø .
1.30 kare)aHecalsMNl;BimNÐlsuxPaB bgákarbMBulRbPBTwkkñúgdI b¤bgáeGayekIt mankCMgWqøg .M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragmNÐlxusPaB tMrUv[KitbBa©ÚlTItaMgsMrab;Tukdak;kaksMNl; evC¢sa®sþeGaymanlkçN³smRsb .
viFankarelIkeLIgxagelI nwgpþl;lT§plb:HBal;viC¢mandl;brisßan nigsgÁmkic©. EdllT§pl viC¢manTaMgenaH mandUcxageRkam ³
plb:HBal;viC¢manGacekItmanI.13 yuT§pNÐminTan;pÞúHnigRKab;mIn enAtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)ane)assMGat rIÉRbCaBlrdæ cUlrYmkñúgKMerag rYmmanTaMgRbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI m®nþIrdæaPi)al Gñkem:Akar Gñkpþl; esvakmµ RtUv)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþalelIcMeNHdwgGMBImInsMrab;kargarnaeBlGnaKt . I.14 m®nþIfñak;XMu Rsuk extþ nigfñak;Cati rYmTaMgGñkPUmicUlrYm RtUv)anbNþúHbNþal nigTTYlyk bTBiesaFn_kñúgkarBinitüeTAelIkic©karBarbrisßan nigsgÁm ehIynwgTTYl)annUvmeFüa)ay nig eKalkarN_ENnaM edIm,ICYydl;karvaytémøelIkarGnuvtþn_ karRKb;RKg karkat;bnßy nigkar®tYtBinitü bBaðasuvtßiPaB .I.15 kareRbIR)as;dIenAtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)anerobcMEpnkar nigRKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ EdlCa lT§plénkic©karBartémøbrisßan nigCIvPaBrs;enAedaycIrPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØa GñkTTYldI .
- TMB½r86 -
I.16 tMbn;EdlmanhaniP½ycMeBaHkarrukT®nÞan nigkarbMpøajnwgRtUv)anGPirkS edaysar kartaMgTIlMenA rbs;RbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIenAkñúgtMbn; manEpnkar nigviFankarRKb;RKg l¥itl¥n; edIm,IraykarBIskmµPaByayIbMpøajTAMgenH .I.31 dImineRbIR)as; b¤dIé®Bricril RtUv)anykmkeRbIR)as; edIm,Ipþl;CIvPaBdl;RbCaBlrdæRkIRk b¤RbCaBlrdæ KµandI Edlkat;bnßy)annUvsMBaFénkareFVIGaCIvkmµelIFnFanFmµCatiepSgeTot . I.32 ksikr nigm®nþIXMu TTYl)ansmtßPaB nigbegáInkaryl;dwg GMBIbec©keTsksikmµsmRsb Edl RtUv)anpSBVpSayRKb;TIkEnøg tamry³TMnak;TMngBIksikrmYyeTAksikrmYy . I.33 b,sustVrYmcMENkpþl;nUvcIrPaBksikmµ tamry³EklMGkarRKb;RKgsarFatuciBa©wmenAkñúgRbB½n§bEnø stV nigdMNaM .I.34 salaeron mCÄmNÐlsuxPaB meFüa)aysaFarN³rbs; shKmn_ pþl;pþl;CacMNUcCYbKñamYyedIm,I pSBVpSaycMeNHdwg nigkaryl;dwgBIkarGnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg karGb;rMEpñkbrisßan karyl;dwgGMBIvb,Fm’Cn CatiedImPaKtic.
smasPaBTI3 ³ karerobcMkmµviFIedaytMløaPaB nigmannirnþPaB
plb:HBal; GviC¢man EdlGacekItmaneLIgdl;brisßan nigsgÁmenAkñúgsmasPaBTI3 nigviFankaresñIeLIgedIm,Ikat;bnßy mandUcteTA ³
plb:HBal;EdlGacekItmanI.35 kgVHxatdIrdæsMrab;eFVIsm,TandIesdækic©tam tMrUvkar nwgbgáeGaymansMBaF eTAelIkarEbgEck kñúgtMbn;karBar tMbn;éRBeQI TICMrkstVéRB sMxan;² b¤ FnFanFmµCatisMxan;epSgeTot EdlminTan;ricril .
M.1 extþeRbIR)as;EpnTIkMNt;tMbn;EdlmancMNab;GarmµN_xøaMgHot Spot Map
nigkardak;Tg;sBaØaenAtMbn;EdlGacbgáeGaymaneRKaHfñak; sßitenAEk,r b¤ EpñkxageRkamtMbn;eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© .M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yB½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBBIpáayNb®tUv )aneRbIR)as;edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIGtnigkareFVIEpnTI TnÞwm nwgenHEdr
- TMB½r87 -
kMNt;tMbn;GFirkSEdlc,ab;)ankarBar .M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragkarcUlrYmBIsßab½nBak;B½n§fñak;extþ nigfñak;Cati Edlmansmtßkic© RKb;RKan;kñúgkar®tYtBinitükarGnuvtþn_mkic© nignigedaHRsaybBaðakñúgkMritneya)ay .M.5 CMnYybec©keTssgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© rYmTaMgRksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUb nIykmµ nigsMNg;edIm,ICYydl;bBaðaneya)ay .M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYm GnuBaØateGayGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alEdlmankarcab;GarmµN_nwgkarGPirkS edIm,IeFVIkar®tYtBinitü nigCYykarBaedIm,Ikat;tMbn;TaMgenHecj .M.13 karbNþúHbNþaleTAelIkic©karBarbrisßan nigsgÁmkic© sMedAFanadl;PaBTn;exSaykñúgkarGnuvtþn_KMerag RtUv)ankMNt;enA kñúg karvaytémøGMBItMrUvkarbNþúHbNþalEdl)anCYbRbTHenAkñúgKeRmag. M.14 kar®tYtBinitüKMrbdIbnÞab;BIkarGnuvtþn_KMeragsMedABinitüeLIgvij BIlT§plEdlekIteLIgedaysarkarGnuvtbnÞab;BIbBa©b; edIm,IFanafa nwgminmankarbMpöajFnFanFmµCatiKYr[ kt;sMKal;enaHeT .
I.36 kareFVIsMeNI nigkarGnuvtþn_kmµviFIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© GacbegáItCabBaðasgÁmkic© edaysardIFøI RtUv)anEckCUnEtGñkEdlmanTMnak;TMngl¥CamYy buKÁlpÞal; CaCagEckCUnRbCaBlrdæRkIRk nig RbCaBlrdæEdlKµandIFøI vivaTrvagGñkeRbIR)as;dI bc©úb,nñ nigRbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI PaBRcENn nigCMelaHrvagRbCaBlrdæEdlCamux sBaØaGñkTTYldI CamYysmaCikd¾éTeTotenAkñúg shKmn_ b¤manCMelaHrvagRbCaBlrdæEdlCamux sBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI CamYyshKmn_CnCatiedIm PaKtic Edlrs;enAEk,rxag .
M.4 esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMeragkarvaytémøEpñksgÁm kñúgenaHman)anepgayrgeRKaH enAeBlEdl Rkbx½NÐEpnkarsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic )anepyplb:HBal;RbCaBlrdæCaCnCatiedIm PaKtic.nigkarvaytémø KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© RtUv)anelIkeLIgkñúgdMNak;kal TaMgGs;énkarGnuvtþn_KeRmag . M.5 CMnYybec©keTskarKaMRT edIm,Ifanafa plb:HBal;sgÁmRtUv)anBinitüeLIgvij nig)an edaHRsayRsay . M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYmpþl;nUvPaBx<s; kalanuvtþPaBedIm,IedaHRsayvivaT nigkarCUndMNwg GMBICemøaH .
- TMB½r88 -
plb:HBal;brisßan nigsgÁmkic© manlkçN³ viC¢man BIkñúgsmasPaKenH . xageRkam Cakarerobrab;GMBIplb:HBal;enH ³
plb:HBal;viC¢manEdlGacekIteLIgI.11
Fñak;extþeRbIR)as;EpnTI { Hot Spot } EdlnwgeFVIkarENnaM)anTUlMTUlayCagenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa edaypþl;Ca]bkrN_ kñúgkarRKb;RKgd¾l¥ sMrab;plb:HBal;brisßan nigsgÁm ehIybegáIn)annUvtmøaPaB kñúgkarerobcM karGnuvtþ nigkarRtYtBinitü nigvaytMél
I.12 kareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµ nigkareFVIEpnTIdIrdæ RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayeFVIkarbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;BIGNtþirbs;sßab½n RKb;RKgdIenAfñak;extedIm<ieFVI[RbesIreLIgkñúgkarRKb;RKg nigtmøaPaB .
I.14m®nþIfñak;XMu Rsuk extþ nigfñak;Cati nigRbCaBlrdæenAkñúgPUmi RtUv)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþal edIm,ITTYl )annUvbTBiesaFn_ GMBIkarRtYtBinitü nigkarBinitüeLIgvijeTAelIkic©karBarbrisßan nigsgÁmkic© k¾dUcCa briFan nigeKalkarN_ENnaM sMedACYydl;karvaytémøkñúgkarGnuvtþn_ karRKb;RKg kar®tYtBinitü kic©karBar .
I.15 kareRbIR)as;dIFøIenAtMbn;eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)aneFVIEpnkar nigRKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ CalT§pl KW karkarBartémøbrisßan nigCIvPaBrs;enAedaycIrPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI .
I.16tMbn;RbQmhaniP½yénkarrukT®nÞan nigkarkab;bMpøaj nwgRtUv)aneFVIkarGPirkS CalT§pl KWedaysar kartaMgTIlMenArbs;muxsBaØaGñkTTYldI CamYynwgEpnkarRKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ nigmanviFankarN_ eBlmanr)aykarN_BIkarrMelaPbMBan .
I.37dak;ecjnUvRbB½n§®tYtBinitü nigvaytémø EdlGaceRbIR)as;sMrab;kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁm nigsm,TanepSg eTot dUecñHvaGacbegáInnUvtmøaPaB nigkarGnuvtþmanlkçN³TUlMTUlay .
I.38karksagsmtßPaBedIm,IKaMRTdl;kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkaredaHRsaybBaðaerobcMEdndI EdlTak;Tg nwgkareFVIsm,Tan CaTUeTARtUv)anEklMGTaMgfñak;Cati nigfñak;extþ .
- TMB½r89 -
smasPaKTI4 ³ kargarRKb;RKgKMerag nigkargarrdæ)al
plb:HBal; GviC¢man GacekItmancMeBaHEpñkbrisßan nigsgÁm énsmasPaKTI4 nigviFankar kat;bnßy Edl)anesñIeLIgedIm,IedaHRsay mandUcteTA ³
plb:HBal;GacekItman viFankarRKb;RKgI.39 bBaðaenAkñúgkargar RKb;RKgEpñklT§kmµ nighirBaØvtßú CalT§pl GacmankarBnüareBldl; karGnuvtþn_KeRmag EdlCaplvi)akmYy b:HBal; dl; ¬ I.8 nig I.9¦ KuNPaBehdæarcnasm½<n§ ¼ karpþl;esvakmµminTan;eBlevla enaHvanwgCH \Ti§BleTAelIKuNPaBbrisßan nigsgÁm.
M.4
M.5 RtUv)anpþl;CUneTARKb;kMrit EdlGnuvtKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© Edl kñúgenaHrYmTaMgfñak;Cati edIm,ICYydl;kargarlT§kmµ nig karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú M.9 nigkarcUl rYmbegáIntmøaPaBenAkñúgkargarlT§kmµ RbCaBlrdæEdlCa muxsBaØaGñkTTYldI nigm®nþIfñak;XMu nwgRtUv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúg kareFVIesckþIsMerccitþ nigkar®tYtBinitü nigGñkp
I.40 cMnYnd¾eRcInénPñak;garBak;B½n§enAkñúgdMeNIr karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nig sgÁmnignItiviFIepSg²Kña CalT§plBnüar dl;karGnuvtþn_KMeragnigplb:HBal;sMxan; epSgeTot ¬ I.8 nig I.9¦ .
M.4
kareFVIEpnkarkargar nigkarelIkKeRmagfvikaRbcaMqñaM nigkargar vaytémø nigRtYtBinitü eFVIy:agenHeyIgnwgkMNt;)annUv cMNuckksÞH EdlRtUveFVIkarEksMrYl sMrab;karGnuvtþenAqñaM bnÞab;eTot . - TMB½r90 -
M.5 nigfñak;Cati nwgTTYl)an nUveyabl; nigkarKaMRT edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaepSg² enAxN³ eBlebskkmµRtYtBinitüKeRmagrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak rYmCa mYyraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa edIm,IkMNt; nigedaHRsaybBaðaRKb;RKg epSgeTot
plb:HBal; viC¢man GacekItmancMeBaHEpñkbrisßan nigsgÁm énsmasPaKenH manbriyay lMGitdUcxageRkam ³
plb:HBal;viC¢manEdlGacekItmanI.41 nItiviFIénkareFVIEpnkarkargar nigkarelIkEpnkarfvikaRbcaMqñaM karRKb;RKglT§kmµ nighirBaØvtßú RtUv)anEklMGr edIm,I[karRKb;RKg nigkarGnuvtþn_kan;EtRbesIr sMrab;kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©enA TUTaMgRbeTs . I.42 tYnaTI nigPaBTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½n RtUv)anEktMrUv sMrab;karGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©na eBlGnaKt tamry³karEklMGrel,Ón nigKuNPaBénkarpþl;CUn .
5>3 karsnñidæanBak;B½n§eTAelIplb:HBal;brisßan nigsgÁm bBaðasMxan;énkþIkgVl;
cMeBaHbBaðabrisßan nigsgÁm-vb,Fm’ mandUcxageRkam ³
1> kar)at;bg; b¤ karbMpøajéRBeQI nigTICMrk
- TMB½r91 -
nigRckrebogsMrab;stVéRBbnøas; TIenAkñúg nig CMuvijtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©
2> kareRbIR)as;dIminsmRsb b¤eRcInelIslub bgá[mankarfycuHKuNPaBdI nigFnFanTwk
3> yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn
4> karbMpøajtMbn;ebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’ b¤sMNakR)asaT
5> kareFVIEpnkarEpñksgÁmkic© minRtwmRtUvcMeBaHshKmn_CnCatiedImPaKtic nigRkumRbCaBlrdæ EdlgayTTYlrgeRKaHepSgeTot
6> plb:HBal;edaypÞal ;nigedayRbeyal bNþalmkBIkarvinieyaKehdæarcnasm½<n§CnbT .
viFankarRKb;RKg nigkat;bnßy edIm,IedaHRsayplb:HBal;TaMgenaH rYmman ³ 1 nig 2
nItiviFIeFVIEpnkaredaymankarcUlrYmeRcIndMNak;kal edaydak;bBa©ÚlB½t’manfµI²tamrUbPaB BIpáayrNb rUbftBIelIGakas karKaMRTEpñkbec©keTs karviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmdI r)aykarN_cg¥úlbgðaj nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü .3 CMnYyBImCÄmNÐlkMcat;mInkm<úCa edIm,IGnuvtþkarBinitüemIlTUeTA nigkare)assMGattMbn; EdlmanyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn nigkarGb;rMcMeNHdwgGMBImIn dl;m®nþIGnuvtþ KMerag RbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI nigedaymankar®tYtBinitüKuNPaBBIGñk ÉkeTsxageRkA . 4 r)aykarN_TUeTAsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüTItaMgebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’ RtUv)anerobcM edaydak;ecjnUv viFankarcMnYn06 - TMB½r92 -
sMedAFanakarGPirkSenAkñúgskmµPaBrbs; KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© .5 Rkbx½NÐEpnkarsMrab;RbCaBlrdæCnCatiedImPaKtic RtUv)anerobcM edIm,IedaHRsayenARKb; TidæPaB RsbtameKalneya)ayrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak edaymankarRbugRby½tñenAkñúg nItiviFIEdlmankarcUlrYm kñúgkareRCIserIsmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFIø rYmbTaMgnItiviFIlMGitsMrab; kareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµelIlkçN³Biess edayrYmbBa©ÚlRkumRbCaBlrdæEdlgayTTYl rgeRKaHpgEdr . 6 kareFVIvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT nwgRtUverobcM nigGnuvtþ tamry³kmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarCati edaykareRbIR)as;esovePAENnaM nignItiviFIsMrab;karvaytémøkar RKb;RKgEpñksuvtißPaBbrisßan nigsgÁm .
eyIgGaceFVIkarsnñidæan)anfa plb:HBal;GviC¢man GacRtUv)ankat;bnßy nigRKb;RKg nigeFVI [mantulüPaBrvagplb:HBal;viC¢mansMxan;² TaMg BIKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_ esdækic© nigskmµPaBedayELk²epSgeTot .6>karviPaKelIkarpøas;bþÚKMrUcMeBaHsMeNIKeRmag
KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© eqøIytbedaypÞal;eTAnwgbBaðaGaTiPaB rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa Edl)anEcgenAkñúgeKalneya)aydIFøI
- TMB½r93 -
nigenAkñúgc,ab;PUmi)al . KeRmag EbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© )anykcitþTukdak;edaypÞal;eTAelIcMNucRbQmCa mUldæan Edlmanplb:HBal;RbCaBlrdækm<úCaEdlRkIRkbMput edaysarBYkeKxVHxatdI b¤ KµandI EdlCa]bsKÁraraMgBYkeKBIkardaMduHedIm,IbMeBjtMrUvkarGaharsMrab;RKYsar nigkarbegáItCasac;R)ak;eTA tamtMrUvkarepSg². edaybnþBIkarcUlrYmrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak elIkarKaMRTry³eBlEvgdl;sßab½n Gnuvtþ manRksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; nigsßab½nBak;B½n§nwgbBaðadIFøI edayehtufa kargarenH KWmanlkçN³RsbKñanwgGaTiPaBrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak BiessKWepþatelIkarCYydl;Cn RkIRk . dUecñH karpøas;bþÚrKMrUénkarGPivDÆn_ RtUv)anykmkBicarNaeRcInEfmeTot kñúgGMLúgeBleFVI GtþsBaØaNkmµ nigenAkñúgdMeNIrkarerobcMMKeRmag CaCagkarpøas;bþÚrKeRmag dUcEdl)anelIkeLIgya:g c,as;
- TMB½r94 -
edayTTYl)ankarKaMRTRtwmRtUv nigRtUv)ankMNt;GaNtþiRsbtamlkçN³c,ab; tamkarcaM)ac; . karpøas;bþÚrd¾sMxan;GacBinitüeXIjenAkñúgdMeNIrkarGPivDÆKeRmagKW ³ BIkarGnuvtþn_ BIelIcuHeRkam mkCa BIeRkameLIgelI nigBIIkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©kñúgtMbn;Edlman RTg;RTayFM mkCa RTg;RTaytUc nig skþanuBledayEp¥kelIGPiRkmTIpSar.
bBaðaTaMgenH RtUv)anBiPakSadUcxageRkam ³
TMrg;énkarGnuvtþn_dUcEdl)anKitBicarNaKW GnuvtþtamGPiRkm BIelIcuHeRkam nigEbbmCÄkar edaysßab½nfñak;Cati b¤ fñak;extþ dwknaMdMeNIrkar kareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµtMbn; smRsbsMrab;kareFVI sm,TandIsgÁmkic© ehIyGnuvtþn_kargarpÞal; edaymankarcUlrYmBIfñak;Rsuk nigfñak;XMu . enAxN³Edl nItiviFIenH)aneFVI[ekIneLIgnUvkarKaMRTBImRnþICan;x<s; karCab;Tak;TgeRcInBIsMNak;m®nþIbec©keTsCan; x<s;
- TMB½r95 -
edIm,IKaMRTEpñkbec©keTs EdlkargarenHGaceFVIenAkñúgtMbn;FMCag ehIymanGñkTTYlpl RbeyaCn_eRcIn EdleFVI[)at;bg;tMélesµIKñaelITidæPaBsMxan;énkarcUlrYm .
tamry³karRbkbkargarCaeRcInkMritenAÉmUldæan eKsegáteXIjfa KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,I sgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© GacKaMRTdl;karksagsmtßPaBRKb;RKg nigGnuvtþ enAfñak;mUldæan EttMrUv[mankarKaMRTEpñkCMnYybec©keTsenAmandEdl . kaeFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµtMbn; nigtMrUvkarrbs; shKmn_mUldæan KWCaRbkarsMxan;bBa¢ak;BItMrUvkarCak;Esþg nigskþanuBlsMrab;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© ehIykrNIenHGac P¢ab;eTAnwgRbB½n§GnuvtþkargarEbbkarcUlrYmBIfñak;eRkameTAfñak;elI ehIykargar rdæ)alEdlmanRsab;enAkñúgkmµviFIvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar. GPiRkmBIeRkameLIgelI GnuBaØat[ shKmn_RKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati ykeFVICamUldæanRKwHsMrab;kareFVIE
- TMB½r96 -
pnkareRbIR)as;dI nigkarGPivDÆn_ CaCagkardak;EpnkaredayKµankarcUlrYmBIm®nþIbec©keTsEdlenAq¶ayBITItaMgCak;Esþg. karcUlrYmBI sMNak;GñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_ nigrdæ)alfñak;mUldæan BIcMNuccab;epþIménvdþrbs;KeRmag GacFana[ mankarcUlrYmd¾xøaMgkøa karbegáIt[manPaBRsuHRsYlKñaenAfñak;mUldæan nigkareFVIEpnkaredaymankar BicarNaeTAelIcMeNHdwg nigesckþIb:gR)afñarbs;mUldæan .
TMrg;énkarGnuvtþn_mYyEbbeTot )anBicarNabEnßmeTAelIGPiRkménkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© kMritmUldæankñúgRTg;RTaytUc ehIykarGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©EdlmanRTg;RTayFM KYreFIVeLIg edayfñak;Cati dUcCadIsm,Tanesdækic©Edl)anlubecalCaedIm . kareFVIEbbenH GacmanlT§PaB Rbkaspþl;CUndl;TTYlplRbeyaCn_)aneRcIn k¾dUcCaplRbeyaCn_BIsm,TandIEdlminGnuvtþn_tamkic© snüa . lT§plénkarGnuvtþEbbenHKW sßitenAkñúgRbePT "Robin Hood "
- TMB½r97 -
edayeFVIkardkhUtdIBI GñkmaneTAykeTApÁt;pÁg;[CnRkIRk .
eTaHbIya:gNak¾eday bBaðamYycMnYn)anpuseLIg sMrab;eFVIkarBicarNa ³ bBaðaTI1 tMbn;d¾FM lVwgelVIymanninñakarrkSaTukeGayenAdEdlnUvbrimaNéRBeQI nigdg;sIuetéRBeQIx<s; . krNIenH Gac GacmanvivaTekIneLIgrvagplRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCaBlrdæRkIRk nigtémøénbrisßan enAeBlEdléRBeQI kab;bMpøajedIm,IykdI TnÞwmnwgenHEdr vabNþal[mankar)at;bg;CIv³cMruH énkarGPirkSdI nigTwk. bc©úb,nñ kareFVIsm,Tandl;Rkumh‘unEdlmanm©as; b¤GñkRKb;RKgmanGMNac nigsßitkñúgCYrGñkneya)ay CaktþabgáeGayekItmanvivaTbEnßmeTot KWCaplb:HBal;GviC¢man eTAelIkarGPivDÆkmµviFIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© nigmuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI. kareFVIsm,TanelItMbn;EdlépÞdITMhMtUc KWvaGacmanPaBgayRsYl CagkñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati nigsgÁm ehIygayRsYlkñúgkareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµenAkñúgkMrittUc²
- TMB½r98 -
EdltMbn;enaHricrilrYcehIy nigmanlkçN³smRssMrab;GnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . kareFVI EpnkaredayRbugRby½tñ enaHnwgeFVI[KeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© TTYl)annUvGtßRbeyaCn_CaGtibrimaBIkarGPivDÆn_dIsMrab;RbCaBlrdæRkIRk ehIyFana)annUvkarcUlrYm cMENkrbs;RbCaBlrdæenAkñúgkarGPirkStYnaTIrbs;éRBeQI EdlsßitenAkñúg nigEk,rtMbn;EdlBYkeK rs;enA .
viFIsa®sþbEnßmeTot RtUv)anykmkBicarNa KWviFIsa®sþEp¥keTAelITIpSar edaybgálkçN³[ RbCaBlrdæRkIRk nigKµandIFøI Gacx©IR)ak;edIm,ITijdIrdæ Edlbc©úb,nñenHRtUv)ankan;kab; b¤ eRbIR)as;. viFIsa®sþenH )anpþl;nUvRbsiT§PaBTIpSar ehIygayRsYlkñúgkarGnuvtþn_ nigkarRKb;RKgpgEdr . eTaHbI ya:gNak¾eday viFIsa®sþenHRtUv)anbdiesF t,itkareFVIEbbenHvapÞúynwgc,ab;km<úCa cMeBaHkarTRnÞan kan;kab;dIedIm,ITTYl)anplRbeyaCn_
- TMB½r99 -
b¤karlk;dI EdlfµI²enHRtUv)ancat;fñak;faCadIsaFarN³rbs;rdæ . kñúgkrNIGvtþmanénkmµviFIEkTMrg;dIFøIedIm,IedaHRsayGMBIbBaðaxagelIenHeT viFIsa®sþenHminGac eRbIR)as;)aneLIy .
karerobcMKeRmagEbgEckdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© naeBlbc©úb,nñ KWGnuvtþtam viFIsaRsþ Edl)aneFVIkarsikSakñúgGMLúgeBlerobcMKeRmagy:agyUr rhUtmkTl;bc©úb,nñ . kñúgGMLúg eBlGnuvtþKeRmag karpøas;bþþÚrTItaMgCak;Esþg nwgRtUv)aneFVIkarBinitü EdlvaCaEpñkmYyéndMeNIrkareFVI EpnkareRbIR)as;dIedaymankarcUlrYm nigkarviPaKeGkUsIusEsþmdI . 7>EpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan
EpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan énKeRmagEbgEcgdIedIm,IsgÁmkic© nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© )andak; ecjnUvviFankarepSg²Kña EdlRtUveRbIR)as;enAkñúgdMNak;kalGnuvtþKeRmag edIm,IbeBa©ós)annUv lT§PaBEdlGacb:HBal;GviC¢man nigviFankarN_kat;bnßy
- TMB½r100 -
EdlkarRKb;RKgKeRmagTUeTA KWeKarBtam eKalkarN_karBarsuvtßiPaBbrisßan nigsgÁm edaydak;bBa©ÚlRbB½n§RtYtBinitü edIm,IFana[sMerc lT§plrMBwgTuk rYmTaMgkarEksMrYldMeNIredayEp¥kelIbTBiesaFn_ .
7>1>viFankarRKb;RKg kat;bnßy nigRtYtBinitüenAkñúgKeRmag LASED
viFankarTaMgenH RtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,IBinitüemIlelIbBaðasuvtßiPaB nigedaHRsayenAkñúg dMeNIrkarGnuvtþKeRmag LASED dUcmanbgðajkñúgdüaRkamenAkñúgTMB½rbnÞab;. viFankarkat;bnßy karRKb;RKg nigRtYtBinitü )aneerobrab;xageRkam ³
- TMB½r101 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü M.1
EpnTIkMNt;tMbn;Edlmankarcab;GarmµN_xøaMgrbs;extþ ( Hot Spot Map ) ¬emIl]bsm<½n§2¦ KWCaEpnTIRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ mankarbgðajGMBITItaMgtMbn;sMxan;² EdlRtUvkarBar kñúgenaHman³
tMbn;karBar nigtMbn;GPirkS stVéRB
TItaMgR)asaTburaN b¤ ebtikP½NÐ vb,Fm’
TItaMgtMbn;GagrgTwkePøóg
tMbn;GPirkSéRBeQI b¤tMbn; karBarTICRmal
PUmirbs;shKmn_CnCatiedImPaKtic
tMbn;dIesIm
tMbn;éRBeQIshKmn_
tMbn;EdlmanyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigtMbn;manRKab;mIn
tMbn;GagTwkeRCA² nigEdnCMrk rbs;RtI
tMbn;éRBsm,Tan
tMbn;EdlmaneRKaHfñak;edaysar FatuGaesnik
tMbn;raMusar (RAMSAR)
tMbn;mankarERbRbYlKMrbéRBeQI BIqñaM 1993-1997
RbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmRsUv
TMnb;varIGKÁisnIEdlmanRsab; nigtMbn;EdlmankaresñIsMusag sg;TMnb;
tMbn;KMrbéRBqñaM 1976 1997; 2002
tMbn;PUKBÖsa®sþ
tMbn;CMrkRtI
- TMB½r102 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü nig2006
tMbn;CMrkstVéRB
tMbn;sm,TandIesdækic©
tMbn;bMlas;TIrbs;RtI
tMbn;EdlmankarrMxandl; éRBeQI
dI nigCICatirbs;dI
tMbn;TICRmal
RKab;BUCsMrab;éRBeQI
EpnTIKRmb;dIqñaM 2002
ry³kMBs;
eRkABIenH KeRmag)andak;bBa©ÚlEpnTIeTAtamsþg;dardUcCa ³ pøÚvfñl; Tenø sÞwg pøÚvTwk nigRBMEdnrdæ)al . EpnTI Hot Spot rbs;extþenH RtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab; ³ edIm,Ikat;ecjtMbn;EdlmanPaBresIbdUcCa
tMbn;EdnbMrugFmµCati¼tMbn;TIrehazan b¤ tMbn;TICMrkstV tMbn;éRBeQIsMxan;² tMbn;Edldak;[RKb;RKgedIm,IkarBarFnFan ¬]TahrN_³ éRBeQIshKmn_¦ TICMrk¼ RckrebogsMrab;stVéRBqøgkat; TItaMgR)asaTburaN b¤ ebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’Cati BITItaMgsMrab;eFVIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© edayeFVIkarBicarNataMgBIdMNak;kaldMbUg nigdak;sBaØasMKal;tMbn;EdlGacb:HBal; eTAelItMbn; Citxag nigtMbn;EpñkxageRkam énTItaMgsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
eFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµtMbn;rbs;shKmn_CnCatiedImPaKtic EdlmanCab;Tan;TgnwgTItaMgsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
eFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµtMbn;EdlGacmanyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúHnigtMbn;manRKab;mIn edayEp¥kelITinñn½yEdlmanRsab; karsikSasÞabsÞg;lMdab;TI1 nigTinñn½yénkaredaHmIn
eFVIGtþsBaØakmµtMbn;EdlGacmansarFatu- TMB½r103 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü Gaesnik
BicarNaelIskmµPaBRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCatiepSg² nigskmµPaBGPivDÆesdækic©Tak;TgnwgtMbn;dIEdlman skþanuBlsMrab;GnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© .
EpnTIkMNt;tMbn;Edlmankarcab;GarmµN_ ( Hot Spot Map) RtUvdak;enAkariyal½ykñúgGgÁPaBRbB½n§B½t’manPUmi sa®sþ rbs;KeRmag LASEDénmnÞIrerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ sMNg; nigsurieyadIextþ . EpnTIenH CaÉksar {rs; } Edl)anEksMrYl nigeFVI[RbesIreLIgenAxN³manBt’manbEnßmEdlTTYl)an tamry³karBieRKaH eyabl;CamYyGaCJaFrmUldæan nigsßab½nBak;B½n§ . CalT§pl EpnTIenHnwgRtUv)anpþl;CUndl;kareFVIEpnkar GPivDÆnanaenAkñúgextþ . EpnTIkMNt;tMbn;Edlmankarcab;GarmµN_ ( Hot Spot Map) RtUv)aneRbIR)as;Cabzm enAkñúgdMNak;kalcab;epþImBinitüelIskþanuBlPaBkñúgkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© edayGaCJaFrfñak;extþ eRkayBI)an TTYlsMeNIBIfñak;XMu edIm,IFanafa tMbn;resIubTaMgenH nwgminmanplb:HBal; k¾dUcCakMNt;bBaðasMxan;²sMrab; karerobcM nigeFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© .M.2 kMNt;RtamKÁúeTsk_
nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü kMNt;RtamKÁúeTsk_ nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitüman 03RbePT KW ³ 1¦ éRBeQI 2¦ KuNPaB¼smtßPaB tMbn;sMrab;eFVIsikmµ nig3¦ TICMrkstVéRBsMxan;² ¬emIl]bsm<½n§5¦ .
- TMB½r104 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü eRkABIenHenAman B½t’manGMBIRbCaBlrdæ CnCatiedImPaKtic ¬CaEpñkmYyénRkbx½NÐEpnkarsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic¦ nigkMNt;RtaBinitüelITItaMg ebtikP½NÐvb,F’m ¬CaEpñkmYyénRkbx½NÐkarBarebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’¦ EdlCaÉksarkarBarsuvtßPaBsgÁm minRtUv)an dak;bBa©ÚlenAkñúgbribTenHeT .kMNt;RtamKÁúeTsk_enH pþl;B½t’manGMBIsavta elIeKalbMNgénkarkt;Rta nigTMrg;EbbbTkñúgkarRtYtBinitü karkMNt;niymn½ycMeBaHvaküs½BÞsMxan;² eKalkarN_karBiPakSaelIbBaðaKnøwH nigsMNYrepSg² edIm,ICYy sMrYldl; [GñkeRbIR)as;ÉksarenHGacbMeBjenAkñúgTMrg;EbbbTenH)an . TMrg;EbbbTenH)anbBa©ÚlnUvkMrg sMNYr¼nigbBa¢IbBaðaEdlRtUvRtYtBinitü edIm,IeFVICapøÚv[GñkeRbIR)as;dwgBIdMeNIrkarIbBaða epSg²Kña EdlBak;B½n§nwgkargarsuvtßiPaB ehIyeFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµRbePTénBt’manEdleKRtUvkar edIm,IcgRkg niviFIdak;bgðaj . kMNt;RtamKÁúeTs nigTrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü RtUv)aneRbIR)as;dUcteTA ³ pþl;karENnaMsþIBI kareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµ
nigkarkat;ecjnUvtMbn;éRBeQI nigTICMrkstVsMxan;²enAkñúgdMNak; kaléneFVIEpnkaredaymankarcUlrYmBIkñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© .
pþl;karENnaMsþIGMBI kareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµ nigkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI kareFVIEpnkarsMrab;TItaMgeFVIksikmµ nigtMbn;CMrkstVéRBsMxan;² sßitkñúg
- TMB½r105 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü nigenACMuvijtMbn;dIsm,TansgÁmkic© nigeFVIkarBicarNaelITItaMgGnuvtþKMerag EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYytMbn;enACMuvij edIm,IeCosvagkarkab;bMpøaj éRBeQIedaymincaM)ac; .
epþatkarykcitþTukdak;CaBiess edIm,IFanaeGaymandIRKb;RKan;tamRtUvkar edIm,IbgábegáInpl [manesßrPaB EpñkGahar nigrkfvika)ansMrab;eRbIR)as;kñúgRKYsar edayeFVIkarvaytémø)a:n;sµanelIcMNUl tamlkçN³ vinicä½yénPaBRkIRk edIm,IFanafa RbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI Gacrk)anelIsBIenH .
pþl;karENnaMkñúgkarRti³ri³BicarNaeTAelIbBaðadI zanelxa FnFanTwk karviPaKeGkUsIuEsþmksikmµ esdækic©- ksikmµ kargar sMPar³ksikmµ m:UEdlksikmµ karerobcM nigRTBüsm,tþi .
kMNt;RtamKÁúeTsk_nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü RtUv)anbMeBjenAdMNak;kaldMbUgénkarBinitüeLIgvijeday fñak;Rsuk karpSBVpSayGMBICMhanénkareFVIEpnTI erobcMEpnkar nigRtUv)anBinitüeLIgvijedayKN³kmµaFikar eRbIR)as; nigEbgEckdIfñak;extþ nigsßab½ndéTeTotEdlCaEpñkmYyéndMeNIrkarGnum½ti . kargarenHRtUv)an BinitüCabnþbnÞab;eLIgvij CaBiesskñúgdMNak;kaleFVIEpnkaredaymankarcUlrYm KWCaEpñkmYyénkarerobcMr)ay karN_sm,TandIsgÁmkic©bzm. TMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü Canic©kal)ankMNt;CaEpñkmYyénÉksar EdlRtUv eFVIkarBinitüeLIgvijkñúgdMNak;kalepSg²tamry³dMeNIrkarGnum½tiEDl)anelIkeLIgenAkñú
- TMB½r106 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü gsmasPaKTI1 . RtUvGnuBaØa[mankarBinitü nigEksMrYleLIgvijelIkMNt;RtamKÁúeTsk_ nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitüeRkayBIkar Gnuvtþn_)anry³eBl02qñaM edayTTYl)annUvemeron bTBiesaFn_ nigkareFVIsvnkmµEpñkbrisßan edIm,IeFVIva[ RbesIreLIg.
M.3 EpnTI Tinñn½yRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ
nigrUbPaBBIpáayrNbTinñn½yenAelIEpnTI pþl;nUvmUldæanRKw³sMrab;karBicarNa nigRtYtBinitü elIkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati nigkar GPivDÆn_ehdæarcnasm<½n§bMerIvis½yeFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©.manEpnTI nigB½t’manEdlGaceRbIR)as;)anCaeRcIn enAkñúg RbeTskm<úCa EdlGacrk)anBIRbPBCaeRcIn eTaHbIvamanPaBERbRbYlelIsuRkwtPaB TMhM nigTinñn½yfµI²k¾eday. Tinñn½yPaKeRcInKW)aneFVICaTMrg;CaDICIfl dUecñH eKGacbBa©ÚlvaeTAkñúgRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ)an . kmµviFIenHGac KWmanPaBTn;Pøn;eRcIn EdlGacbeBa©j[eXIj nigeFVIkarviPaKTinñn½yelIEpnTI nigGnuBaØateGayGñkeRbIR)as; e)aHBum<EpnTIEdlbgðajEtTItaMgEdleyIgcab;GarmµN_)an .manRbPBrUbPaBCaeRcInGaceRbIR)as;)anRbkbedayskþanuBlsMrab;KeRmag LASED
EdlGacpþl;nUvrUbPaBlMGit kMritx<s; nigGaceFVIkarEksMrYl[)anRtwmRtUvtamlkçN³PUmisa®sþCak;EsþgelIEpnTI nigkareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dI . rUbfts-exµA
- TMB½r107 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü ftBIelIGakas EdlRKb;dNþb;esÞIrEtTUTaMgRbeTs EdlmanmaRtdæan 1 ³ 40>000 nigrUbPaBBI pááayrNb EdlmanPaBc,as;kMritTab (Low Resolution) RKbdNþb;elIépÞRbeTsTaMgmUl kñúgeBlevla xus²Kña . sMrab;skmµPaBeFVIEpnkarlMGitenAelITItaMg tamry³KeRmagsakl,g )anbgðajGMBIsMxan; kñúgkar[ rUbPaBBIpáayrNbEdlmanPaBc,as;kMritx<s; ( High Resolution ) ehIyfteBlfµI²enH EdlRKbdNþb; elItMbn;manskþanuBlsMrab;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©. rUbftBIelIGakasEdlmanPaBc,as;x<s; EdlGacrk)an naeBlenH RtUv)anfttaMgBI 04qñaM eTA 10qñaM mun dUecñHvaCarUbPaBcas;hYssm½y . müa:gvijeTot vaman karxVHxatTinñn½yrUbPaBrMelcBN’cMruHEdlGacrk)antamRbB½n§tararNb . plRbeyaCn_énkareRbIR)as;rUbPaB BN’tampáayrNbBN’FmµCatinaeBlfµI² Gac[eyIgemIleXIj edaykareRbobeFobrvagrUbftBIelIGakasqñaM 2003 nigrUbPaBBIpáayrNb s<t;5 qñaM2007 (SPOT5) BITItaMgKeRmagsakl,grbs; LASED enAsMbuk kñúgextþRkecH ¬emIl]bsm<½n§ 2¦ . CaEpñkmYyénkareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© EpnTIKnøWHcMnYn 03 EdlmankMritGb,rma 1¼25>000 RtUv)an erobcMenAkñúgTItaMgnImYy² RKb;dNþb;bBaðaKnøwHénFnFanFmµCati . EpnTIGegátdI RtUv)anerobcMeLIgenARksYg ksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT ¬GgÁPaBGegátdI ¦ Edl)anbgðajBIKuNPaBdI nigpþl;CakarENnaMelIKRmb;dI smRsb nigkareRbIR)as;dI . EpnTIFnFanTwkRtUhv)aneFVI[eTACaTMrg; Digital EdlbgðajBIépÞEpñkxagelIénTwk
- TMB½r108 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü EdlmanRsab; ¬bwg GagTwk sÞwg¼dgGUr Tenø ¦ ehIyEpnTIRbPBTwkenAeRkamdInwgRtUv)anerobcM Ep¥keTA elIkargarBieRKaHeyabl; Edl)aneFVIkarbriyayenAkñúgcMNuc M.5. . ehIyEpnTIEdlbgðajBItMbn;EdlRtUveFVI kardaMduH nwgRtUv)anerobcMenAmnÞIrerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ sMNg; nigsurieyadIextþ edaydak;bBa©ÚlrUbPaBBIelI Gakas CamYynwgTinñ½yGegátEpñkxageRkamdI nigTin½ñyepSgeTotBImnÞIrksikmµ .EpnTIEdl)anerobcMBIRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigTinñn½yfµI²Edl)anmkBIkarGegátEpñkxageRkamdI elIdI nigFnFan Twk esvaBieRKaHeyabl; rUbPaBBIpáayrNb nigrUbftBIelIGakas enAkñúgextþ edaycgRkgTinñ½yTaMgenH rkSaTukenAkñúgRbB½n§Tinñ½yRKwH ( Database )
enAGgÁPaB GIS énmnÞIrerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ sMNg; nig surieyadIextþ . rUbPaBBN’FmµCatifµIBIpáayrNbEdlmankMritPaBc,as;x<s; ( High resolution) Edlman lkçN³Rbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgrUbPaB Spot5
EdrnwgRtUveFVIlT§kmµ . b¤mYysMrab;extþTaMgmUl b¤EtelITItaMgcaM)ac; EdlmanskþanuBl)aneFVIGtþsBaØaNsMrab;eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . EpnTIEdl)anerobcMedayTinñn½yRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ nigrUbPaBtamtararNb RtUv)aneRbIR)as;enAelITidæPaB CaeRcInenAkñúgdMeNIrkareFVIEpnkaredaymankarcUlrYm nigeRbIR)as;CameFüa)aykñúgkarGnuvtþ nigkarRtUtBinitü . EpnTI Tinñ½y GIS nigrUbPaBBIpáayrNb RtUv)aneRbIR)as;dUcCa ³
- TMB½r109 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü kMNt;GtþsBaØaNtMbn;gayrg\T§iBl
edIm,IdkecjBItMbn;eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigsMrab;karBicarNa GMBI plb:HBal;enAEpñkxageRkAéntMbn;eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
kMNt;EpnTIkareRbIR)as;dItamlkçN³RbéBNI TItaMgebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’ nigTItaMgskáar³bUCa enAkñúg dMeNIrkar eFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµdI nigdMeNIrkarerobcMEpnkareRbIR)as;dI
KUsEpnTITMhMénkareRbIR)as;dIBIGDitkal nigTMhMdIEdleRbIR)as;naeBlbc©úb,nñ sßitenAkñúg nigEk,rtMbn;dI sm,TansgÁmkic© CamYynwgkarGegátGMBIéRBeQI
pþl;PsþútagBIkarkan;kab; nigeRbIR)as;dI BIGDitkal nigbBa¢ak;BIkarT®nÞanykdInaeBlfµI²
dak;sBaØaenAtMbn;manyuT§PNÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn CatMbn;eRKaHfñak;
kMNt;TItaMg nigvisalPaBdIEdl)anQUsqay[)anc,as;las; nigdak;søaksBaØatMbn;EdlRtUvykcitþTukdak; CaBiessedIm,IeFIVkarGPirkS
vaytMélKuNPaBtMbn;dIksikmµ tamry³karerobcMEpnTITinñn½y EdlTTYl)anBIkarcuHRsg;B½t’man nigTinñn½y GMBIdI nigTwk
eFVIkarbBa¢ak;BIGtþsBaØaNdIrbs;rdæ kareFVIEpnTI nigpSBVpSaytamsarB½t’manGMBItMbn;GPirkSedaymanc,ab; karBar
pþl;mUldæansMrab;eFIVkarRtYtBinitü nigvaytMélelIkarGPivDÆn_dIsm,TansgÁmkic© nigplb:HBal;ekIteLIg BIkarGnuvtþn_KeRmag LASED .
GgÁPaBRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénmnÞIrEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ sMNg; nigsurieyadIextþ nwgeFIVkarcgRkg EfrkSa EpnTI
- TMB½r110 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü RbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ Tinñn½yRKwH nigpþl;EpnTICaÉksare)aHBumÖ nigkmµviFIkMBüÚT½r eFIVkarviPaKeTAtam tMrUvkarrbs;GñkBak;B½n§nwgKeRmag LASED . BYkKat;nwgdak;bBa©ÚlbTinñn½ybEnßm edayEp¥k elIkargarsikSaenA TIval nigB½t’manRbmUl)antamEpñkepSg²eTAkñúgdMeNIrkarGnuvtþKeRmag .M.4 esovePAENnaM nigdMeNIrkar
GnuvtþKMerag
esovePAENnaMGnuvtþ LASED
)anbgðajBIdMeNIrkarmYyCMuhanmþgmYy² eTAelIkaeFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµ karvaytMél karrcna karGnuvtþ nigkarRtYtBinitü nigvaytMélkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . esovePAenH )andak;bBa©ÚlnUv nItiviFI nigkarBnül;lMGitelIRKb;TidæPaBrbs;KeRmag dUcCa karvinieyaKRKb;RbePT karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½n karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú nigkarerobcMr)aykarN_ . viFankarN_ elIsuvtßiPaBbrisßan nigsgÁm RtUv)anEcglMGit enAkñúgRkbxNÐeKalneya)aysþIBIkartaMgTIlMenAfµI EpnkarsMrab;Rkbx½NÐsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic nigkMNt; RtaTUeTA Edlmandak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgesovePAENnaMkarGnuvtþKeRmag . esovePAenH k¾)anpþl;nUgTisedAlMGit sþIBIviFIsa®sþ nigeBlevla EdlviFankarN_karBarTaMgGs;RtUvykmkGnuvtþeTAtamdMNak;kalnImYy²rbs;KeRmag LASED
rYmCamYynwgtYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;PaKIBak;B½n§ . esovePAENnaM nignItiviFI GnuvtþKeRmag RtUv)aneRbIR)as;dUcxageRkam ³
- TMB½r111 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü BinitüeLIgvijelIEbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü
EpnTIenAkMritepSg²Kña nigdMNak;kalkñúgkarerobcMEpnkar nig karGnuvtþn_kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
KN³kmµaFikareRbIR)as; nigEbgEckdIIfñak;extþ nigsßab½nBak;B½n§ EdlTTYlxusRtUvelIkarRKb;RKgsm,TandI esdækic©EdleKGaceFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµTItaMgEdlGacmankarRtYtKña ehIyRtUv)anCUndMNwgkñúgry³eBlBinitüelI EpnTI Hot Sop EdlGacmankrNIvivaTekIteLIg
BiB’NnaGMBItYnaTIrbs;Rkumkargarfñak;Rsuk sMrab;RtYtBinitüeLIgvijeTAelITMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü karviPaK RbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµkñúgtMbn;dIsm,TansgÁmkic© nigEpnTItamkMritepSgKña enAeBlEdlKuNPaBénkar viPaK RtUv)anBinitütamdMNak;kalepSg²kñúgkareFVIEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nignItiviFIGnuvtþ
dak;ecjnUvnItiviFIedaymankarcUlrYmenARKb;dMNak;kal edIm,Ibnþ[GñkBak;B½n§)ancUlrYm enAkñúgdMNak;kal GtþsBaØaNkmµ nigkarEbgEckdI nigkarsikSaGMBIsßanPaBRKYsar nigRbB½n§RtYtBinitü
kMNt;eBlevlaénkarcUleTAkan;kab;cugeRkay EdlGñkkmtaMgTIlMenAeRkaykalbriecäTenH nwgminTTYl)an sMNgenaHeT ehIyRtUvdak;bBa©ÚlnUvlT§plénkarsikSaedIm,IbgðajGMBIkarkan;kab;dI nigkareRbIR)as;dI naeBlbc©úb,nñ
CUndMNwgdl;sßab½nBak;B½n§GMBIsMeNIkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© tamry³karcUlrYmrbs;BYkKat;enAkñúg
- TMB½r112 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü KN³kmµaFikareRbIR)as; nigEbgEckdIfñak;extþ. dak;viFankarN_edIm,IRtYtBinitüTItaMgenaH nigTb;sáat;ral;kar cUlT®nÞankan;kab;dI nigkartaMglMenAbeNþaHGasnñ
pþl;karENnaM nignItiviFITak;TgCamYy yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn
tMrUv[dak;sBaØaelIedImeQI EdlRtUvdkecjBIBIkarkab;qáar edayGnuelamtamkarviPaKRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµ elITITaMgsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigkarpþl;eyabl;Epñkbec©keTs
kat;ecjtMbn;TaMgLay munnwgeFIVkarkab;qáar edayEp¥kelIlT§plénkarvaytMélRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµ eKalkarN_ENnaM nigTMrg;EbbbTénkarRtYtBinitü
RtUvmanEpnkarmanedaykarcUlrYmenARKb;dMNak;kal rYmman³ karKitKUrpøÚveTAkan;éRBeQIsMxan;² TICMrk stVéRBsMxan;² nigtMbn;ebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’ nigkarerobcMEpnTIsMKal;TItaMgpøÚveGay)anc,as;las;
pþl;karENnaM nignItiviFIGegáttamdanelIkMritsarFatuGaesnik nigFnFanTwkTaMgmUl
KaMRTdl;karpSBVpSayEpñkksikmµCaRbcaM EdleFVIeLIgedayGñkpþl;esvakmµ rYmTaMgkarhamXat;kareRbIfñaMBul ksikmµ b¤kareFVIlT§kmµ]bkrN_eRbIR)as; nigkarpSBVpSayviFIsa®sþ RtYtBinitüstVl¥itedaymineRbIR)as; sarFatuKImI
mUlniFimankMrit dUecñHTMhMénkarciBa©wmstVnwgRtUv)ankat;bnßyplb:HBal; . dak;bBa©Úlkarpþl;esvasuxPaB nigKøInik EdlGnuBaØat[eFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµCMgW nigkareqøIytbTan;eBlevla
- TMB½r113 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü RtUvmanEpnkaredaymankarcUlrYmenARK
b;dMNak;kalepSgKña² rYmman³ karKitKUrelIkargarFarasaRsþEdl manTMnak;TMngrvagtMbn;xagelI nigtMbn;xageRkam ykcitþTukdak;karGPirkSFnFanFmµCati rcnasm<½n§ shKmn_ edIm,IeFIVkarEklMGrkargarRKb;RKg karhamXat;kareRbIfñaMBulksikmµ b¤kareFVIlT§kmµsMPar³eRbIR)as; nigCMruj[eRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþ RtYtBinitüstVl¥itedaymineRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI
RtUverobcMKøIniksuxPaB kMNt;TItaMge)aHbg;ecalsMNl;evC¢sa®sþeGay)anRtwmRtUv
dak;bBa©Úlsßab½nBak;B½n§ nigGgÁPaBCan;x<s;enAfñak;extþ nigfñak;Cati EdlmanGMNacRKb;RKan; edIm,IRtYtBinitü karGnuvtþn_KeRmag LASED
nigedaHRsaybBaðakñúgkMritneya)ay karykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkarvaytMélsgÁm
nigRbCaBlrdægayrgeRKaH dUcmanEcgenAkñúgRkbx½NÐEpnkar sMrab;CnCatiedImPaKticeday)anepþatelIkarkat;bnßyplb:HBal;RbCaBlrdæCaCnCatiedImPaKtic
erobcMRbB½n§RtYtBinitü nigvaytMélTUeTAsMrab;KeRmag LASED
enARKb;dMNak;kalénkarGnuvtþn_ dak;ecjnUvnItiviFIlMGitelIRKb;TidæPaBénk
arRKb;RKgKeRmag RbB½n§RKb;RKghirBaØvtßúmanRsab;tamry³kmµviFI enAkñúgRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar
erobcMEpnkar kargarfvikaRbcaMqñaM rYmCamYynwgRbB½n§RtYtBinitü nigkarvaytMél-kaeFVIEbbenH eyIgnwg GacTTYl)annUvkareqøIytbmkvij nUvcMNucxøaMg nigcMNucexSay
- TMB½r114 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü edIm,IeFVIkarEksMrYl sMrab;karGnuvtþn_kñúgqñaM bnþbnÞab;eTot .
esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkar nigkarGnuvtþn_KMerag KWCaRkbx½NÐkargarsMrab;RKb;RKgKeRmag LASED .
M.5 CMnYybec©keTs
CMnYybec©keTs RtUv)anpþl;edIm,IKaMRTKeRmag LASED
enAelITidæPaBepSg²enA kñúgKMeragTaMgmUl edIm,IFanafa cMNucxVHxatEpñkrbs;sßab½nRtUv)anEklMGr tamry³karbNþúHbNþalsmtßPaB nigKuNPaBRKb;RKan;. CMnYy bec©keTsmancMnYn 03 TMrg; ³ GgÁkar GTZ
bnþCYyKaMRTKeRmag LASED
tamry³RkumCMnajkarsMxan;² nig CMnajkarRKb;RKgKeRmag GgÁkar GTZ
)anCYlGñkBieRKaHeyabl;ry³eBlxøI nigEvg b¤ tamry³RbB½n§lT§kmµrbs; KeRmag LASED
ehIyesvakmµ Cak;lak;mYycMnYn GacnwgRtUveFVIlT§kmµeRCIserIs TIRbwkSary³eBlxøI nigEvg tamry³RbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar. CMnYybec©keTsCak;lak;nwgRtUv)aneFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµ tamry³karvay témøelItMrUvkarbNþúHbNþal nigtamry³sMeNICak;lak; {tamkarcaM)ac;} CamUldæan dUecñHeyIgminGackMNt; )anenAkñúgEpñkenH)aneT . eTaHbICay:agNak¾eday bBaðasMxan;²mYycMnYnRtUv)aneFVIGtþsBaØNkmµ RtUvkarpþl; CMnYy. CMnYybec©keTsBak;B½n§nwgkargarsuvtßiPaB GacnwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab; ³
- TMB½r115 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü KaMRTkarerobcMEpnkarbrisßanenAfñak;ex
tþ nigBRgIkdl;fñak;Rsuk nigfñak;XMu KaMRTdl;Rkumkargarfñak;Rsuk
nigsßab½nfñak;extþ RBmTaMgmankarKaMRTtamry³kareFVIkic©snüa edIm,ICYy edaHRsaybBaðasMxan;² b¤EdlmantMrUvkar
pþl;karRKb;RKgRbkbedayKuNPaB rYmTaMgerobcMl½kçx½NÐkargardl;TIPñak;garedaHmIn nigeFIVkarRtYtBinitü ecaH²elITMhMkargarEdleFVI)anRbmaN 5 ° .
bNþúHbNþal nigBinitüelI karvas;EvgsurieyadI karsMGatdI nigkarkMNt;RBMRbTl;sMrab;Gñkem:Akar
pþl;m®nþIbec©keTs edIm,ICYydl;sßab½nBak;B½n§enAfñak;extþ tamry³RbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar nigGñkBieRKaHeyabl;xageRkA tamry³KeRmag LASED edIm,IerobcM GnuvtþkargarGPivDÆehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT
cuHkic©snüaCamYyGñkBieRKaHeyabl;edIm,IeFIVkarviPaK nigGegátelIFnFanTwk pþl;Gnusasn_elIkarpÁt;pÁg; erobcMcMNucykTwk pþl;karbNþúHbNþal b¤ RtYtBinitüelIkargarrbs;em:Akar
pþl;m®nþIbec©keTssßab½nBak;B½n§fñak;extþ tamry³RbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar k¾dUcCaGñkpþl;eyabl;mk BIxageRkAtamry³KeRmag LASED
edIm,IbegáIteLIgnUvxñatKMrUBiess sMrab;tMbn;ricril KaMRTdl;fñak;Cati elIkarsikSa nigviPaKdI nigbegáItRbB½n§RKb;RKgRbB½n§Tinñn½y
pþl;m®nþIbec©keTsdl;sßab½nBak;B½n§fñak;extþ tamry³RbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar nigGñkpþl;RbwkSamkBI xageRkAtamry³KeRmag LASED
edIm,IkMNt;bBaðakñúgvis½yksikmµ dUcCa karerobcMdI karP¢Ürras;
- TMB½r116 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü karRKb;RKg Twk nigdI kargarBUC karRKb;RKgCI kargarerobcMfñal bec©keTsdaMduH ry³eBlénkardaMduH nigkarRKb;RKg stVl¥itCaedIm
pþl;m®nþIbec©keTsdl;sßab½nBak;B½n§fñak;extþ tamry³RbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar nigGñkpþl;eyabl;mkBI xageRkA tamry³KeRmag LASED
edIm,IeFVIskmµPaBpSBVpSayeGay)anTUlMTUlay nigCak;lak;eTAelIsuxPaB stVBah³n³tamPUmi karbegáIncMeNHdwgelIkarEfrkSastV nigkarTb;sáat;CMgW RbB½n§RKb;RKgstVBah³n³ nig esvasuxPaBstV
KaMRTdl;KeRmag LASED enAfñak;Cati énRksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; edIm,ICYyelIbBaða eKalneya)ay
pþl;eyabl; nigKaMRTdl;fñak;extþ nigfñak;Cati edIm,IFanafa plb:HBal;dl;sgÁmRtUv)anRtYtBinitüeLIgvij nigedaHRsay
pþl;eyabl; nigKaMRTKeRmag LASED
enARKb;kMrit rab;bBa©ÚlenAfñak;CatiKN³kmµaFikarCatidwknaMkargar vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar edIm,ICYydl;kargarlT§kmµ nigkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú
pþl;eyabl; nigkarKaMRTdl;fñak;extþ nigfñak;CatiedIm,IedaHRsaybBaða kñúgeBlebskkmµRtYtBinitürbs; FnaKarBiPBelak nigraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa edIm,IkMNt; nigedaHRsaybBaðakarRKb;RKgCaKnøw³
bBaðaTaMgenHTak;TgnwgkargarlT§kmµ nigkarcuHkic©snüaelICMnYybec©keTs EdlRtUv)anelIkykmkBiPakSa enA kñúgesovePAENnaMkarGnuvtþn_KeRmag .
- TMB½r117 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü M.6 karvaytémøsgÁmkic©
karvaytémøsgÁmkic© )anerobrab;lMGitkñúgRkbx½NÐEpnkarsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic edIm,IFanafa plb:HBal; bNþalmkBIkarGnuvtþn_KeRmag LASED
KWTTYl)anGtßRbeyaCn_ eCosvag b¤ kat;bnßyplb:HBal;GviC¢maneTAelI RbCaBlrdæCaCnCatiedImPaKtic . haniP½y nigkalanuvtþPaBBIkarGnuvtþn_KeRmagrYmman ³ kareRCIserIsTItaMg XMu¼tMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©kan;EtmanlkçN³TUeTA EdlenATIenaHmanCnCatiedImPaKtic nigkarBinitüemIlmin)an ditdl;elIBYkeKenAkñúgTItaMgenaH CalT§plKWCakaremIlrMlgdl;BYkKat; RtUvFanafa BYkeK)anTTYlBt’RKb;RKan; k¾dUcCaTTYlplRbeyaCn_BIKeRmag rYmTaMgFnFandI nigFnFanéRBeQI EdlBYkKat;Føab;)aneRbIR)as;tamlkçN³ RbéBNI kar)at;bg;lT§PaBTTYl)ansiT§kmµsiT§ismUhPaBelIdInaeBlGnaKt edaysarkarykdItMbn;enaHeFVI sm,TandIsgÁmkic© ehIyFana[manPaBsmRsbEpñkvb,Fm’BIskmµPaBrbs;KeRmag .karvaytémøsgÁm nwgdak;bBa©ÚlnUvviFankarbnþbnÞab;dUcxageRkam ³ 1> kMNt;GtþsBaØaNCnCatiPaKtic
kñúgtMbn;GnuvtþKeRmag tamry³karerobcMTinñ½yRbCaBlrdæCnCatiedImPaKtic
enAkñúgXMuEdlKeRmagRtUvGnuvtþ 2> erobcMEpnTIeRbIR)as;dI
edaybgðajTItaMgPUmi¼GnuPUminImYy² nigbgðajkareRbIR)as;dInaeBlbc©úb,nñrbs;
- TMB½r118 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü Cn CatiedImPaKtic
3> eFVIEpnTItMbn;dITMenrEdlCaTItaMgcMkarvilCMu nigeFVIkMNt;tMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©eLIgvij RbsinebImantMbn;
EdlenATMenrTaMgenaHPaKeRcInCaTItaMgdIsMrab;cMkarvilCMu 4> Fana[mantulüPaBsmRsb nigRtwmRtUvdl;RbCaBlrdæenAkñúgPUmikñúgeBlEbgEckdIFøI 5> mindak;bBa©ÚlCnCatienAkñúgEbbbTRsg;B½t’manBIsßanPaBRKYsareLIy .karvaytMélsgÁmRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab; ³ kMNt;GtþsBaØaNkmµRbCaBlrdæCaCnCati
edImPaKtic nigRbCaBlrdægayrgeRKaHkñúgXMu ehIyRtUvxitxMCa Biessy:agNaedIm,Ipþl;B½t’man nigBieRKaHeyabl;GMBIdMeNIrkarGnuvtþn_KeRmagTaMgmUl .
M.7
karBicarNarCalkçN³BiesseTAelIkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
edIm,IFanafa RKb;PUmirbs;CnCatiedImPaKtic RtUv)anpþl;Bt’maneGMBIKeRmag LASED
kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigskmµPaBGnuvtþKMerag
edIm,Isþab;mtieyabl;rbs;BYkKat; ykmkeFVIkarBicarNa . cMNucBiess²CaeRcIn
eTotRtUv)anerobrab;lMGitkñúgRkbx½NÐEpnkarsMrab;CnCatiedImPaKtic dUcxageRkam³
1> emPUmiTaMgGs; enAkñúgPUmirbs;CnCatiedImPaKtic )anCYbR
- TMB½r119 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü bCMuCamYyRkumRbwkSaXMu edaycuHhtßelxaedIm,IKaMRT dl;karbMeBjTMrg;EbbbTesñIsMudIsm,TansgÁmkic© 2> emPUmib¤tMNagRtUv)anGeBa¢IjcUlrYmkñúgvKÁbNþúHbNþalrbs;KeRmag edIm,IksagsmtßPaB eTaHbICaBYkKat; mankarBak;B½n§ b¤ minBak;B½n§nwgkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©k¾eday 3> karBiBN’natMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©eday)andak;bBa©ÚlkñúgEpnTIsMrab;bgðajCasaFarN³ nigRtUvpþl;CUn EpnTIenHeTAtamPUminimYy² 4> PUmi nigRKYsarrbs;CnCatiedImPaKtic
RtUveFVIkarCUndMNwgGMBIkar{cab;eqñat} sMrab;eRCIserIsTItaMgk,aldI
enAkñúgkmµviFIdIsm,TansgÁmkic© dUecñHBYkKat;GaceFIVkareRCIserIsedIm,IcUlrYmkñúgKeRmag 5> PUmi nigRKYsarrbs;CnCatiedImPaKtic RtUveFVIkarCUndMNwgGMBIsMeNI erobcMkartaMgTIlMenAfµI ehIyBYkeKGac esñIsMu[mankaeEksMrYlelIkarerobcMenaH ehIyBYkeKGacsagsg;lMenAdæan[RsbeTAnwgvb,Fm’rbs;BYkeK6> PUmi niRKYsarCnCatiedImPaKtic
RtUv)anBieRKaHeyabl;eBlerobcMkmµviFIbNþúHbNþal nigkmµviFIpSBVpSay eTdIm,I[karerobcMenaH bMeBj)annUvtMrUvkarCak;lak;rbs;BYkKat; .
elIsBIenH KeRmag LASED nwgeFIVkarsMrbsMrYl edIm,ITTYlnUvkmµsiT§idIsmUhPaB dUcxageRkam³
1> CMerIsénkarcuHbBa¢IdICakmµsiT§smUhPaB KWCakar»kasmYyénkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁm
- TMB½r120 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü kic© EdlGaceFVIkarBnül; enARKb;vKÁbNþúHbNþal dUecñHtMNagPUmirbs;CnCatiedImPaKtic GaceRCIserIsCMerIsNamYy Edlman sßanPaBRbesIrbMputsMrab;BYkeK
2> kariyal½yRKb;RKgKeRmag Tak;TgpÞal;CamYyCnCatiedImPaKtic mankarcab;GarmµN_elICMerIs karcuHbBa¢IdICa kmµsiT§smUhPaB edaymanGñksMrbsMrYlkargarCamYyGñkCMnajxagCnCatiedImPaKtic GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al b¤bNþajkargarrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al edIm,ICYyelIdMeNIrkarenH
3> GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al CaRkumbNþajkargarrbs;CnCatiedImPaKtic RtUv)anGeBa¢IjcUlrYmkñúgskmµPaB kar R)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyRbCaBlrdæ enAkñúgRsukEdlmanRbCaBlrdæCaCnCatiedImPaKticrs;enA kñúgeKalbMNg edIm,IBRgwgkarpþl;Bt’man nigsMrbsMrYl .
karKitKUrCaBiesseTAelIkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg mandUcteTA ³
pþl;Bt’man nigCeRmIssMrab;karEbgEckdIFøI kmµviFIbNþúHbNþal nigpSBVpSaydl;CnCatiedImPaKtic nig RbCaBlrdæEdlgayrgeRKaH .
M.8
karviPaKRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmdIkñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic©
naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ énRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT )anerobcMeFIVkarviPaKRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµ enAfñak;XMu EdlCaviFIsa®sþvaytémøelIesckþIRtUvkareda
- TMB½r121 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü ymankarcUlrYm edIm,IeFIVEpnkarpSBVpSayksikmµ nigkmµviFI GPivDÆn_enAkñúgXMuCag350XMu kñúgextþcMnYn17 nigEdl)anGnum½tCaeKalneya)ayrbs;RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT naeBlfµI²enH . edaymankarKaMRTBIKMeragpSBVpSayksikmµ km<úCa-GU®sþalI naykdæanpSBVpSay ksimµ )anRBmeRBogeFVIkarsMrYl nigviPaKRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµ EdlGaceRbIR)as;CabriFansMrab;vaytémøelIkar eRCIserIsmuxrbrciBa©wmCIvit nigsMrab;erobcMkmµviFIKaMRTkarGPivDÆn_ksikmµkñúgtMbn;dIsm,TansgÁmkic©enAkm<úCa . karGnuvtþn_KeRmagenH)anTTYleCaKC½yenAkñúgXMusakl,gcMnYn02 énKeRmag LASED
¬emIl]bsm<½n§6¦.skmµPaBRtUveFVI CaEpñkénkarviPaKRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmdIsm,TansgÁmkic©mandUcxageRkam ³1> kareFIVEpnkar nigkarerobcM
karbegáIt nigkarENnaM RkumviPaKRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµ sMrab;dIsm,TansgÁmkic©
karerobcMEpnkarkargar kMNt;eBlevla nigPsúþúPa .
2> karRbmUlTinñn½y kMritTI2 nigkarerobcMrcnasm<½n§ ³
karRbmUlpþúM karerobcMtamlMdab; nigkarerobcMTinñn½yBak;B½n§ ³
Tinñn½yBIlMh³ sßanPaBdI PUmisa®sþ lkçN³dI GakasFatu kareRbIR)as;dI TICRmal RBMRbTl;rdæ)al TItaMgPUmi pøÚv nigehdæarcnasm<½n§d¾éTeTot .l.
- TMB½r122 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü Tinñn½ysßiti³ RbCasa®sþ esdækic© sgÁmkic© ksikmµ GakasFatu .l.
3> karviPaKTinñn½yelIkdMbUg
karENnaM nigkarBiPakSabzm CamYyGñkBak;B½n§enAmUldæan
karkMNt;niymn½yRBMRbTl; karerobcMRBagdüaRkamkat;TTwg
kareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµbzmBIbBaðasMxan;²
4> karvaytMélenACnbTedayviFIsa®sþrh½s karvaytMélenACnbTedayviFIsa®sþrh½s
edaymanGñkpþl;B½t’mansMxan;²¬kartaMgTIlMenArbs;RKYsar GñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_BIkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© RbCaBlrdækñúgshKmn_ GñkEdlmin)anTTYl plRbeyaCn_ .l.¦
epÞógpÞat; nigEsVgrkbBaðasMxan;CamYyksikr nigGñkBak;B½n§kñúgmUldæan
eFVIkarbBa¢ak; kMNt;GaTiPaBbBaða nigkalanuvtþPaBCamYyGñkBak;B½n§kñúgmUldæan .
5> karviPaKCalkçN³RbB½n§ karerobcM kareFIVbTbgðaj
karviPaKTinñn½ybnÞab;bnSM nigr)aykarN_vaytMélenACnbTedayviFI sa®sþrh½s karvaytMél nigkarpþl;GTiPaBelICeRmIsénkarGPivDÆ
kareFVIGtþsBaØaNkmµbec©keTsksikmµsmRsb edIm,IpSBVpSaydl;ksikr EdlsßitenAkñúgtMbn;dI sm,TansgÁmkic©
erobcMeKalkarN_ENnaMsMrab;kartaMgTIlMenA ¬TMhM nigRbePTdI rbrciBa©wmCIvit .l.¦
6> kareFIVr)aykarN_
- TMB½r123 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü
nigkareRbIR)as;lT§plEdlTTYl)an RBagr)aykarN_
sMrab;eFIVbTbgðajdl;GñkBak;B½n§enAkñúgmUldæan ¬RbCaBlrdækñúgshKmn_ GñkTTYl plRbeyaCn_BIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigRkumRbwkSaXMu .l.¦
bBa©b;r)aykarN_ nigdak;bgðajcMeBaHGPi)alextþ nigKN³kmµaFikarCatism,TandIsgÁmkic© .
skmµPaBTaMgenH RtUv)anGnuvtþedayRkumkargar mkBIbNþasßab½nBak;B½n§edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgmnÞIrbrisßanextþ . karviPaKRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµsm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUveFVIeLIgEdlCaEpñkerobcMl¥itl¥n; elIr)aykarN_bzm sþIBIkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁm RtUv)aneRbIR)as;CamUldæansMrab;erobcM nigGnuvtþkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . dUecñHRtUv mankarRtYtBinitüedayc,as;las;eTAelIbBaðasuvtßiPaBbrisßan kñúgenaHman karBinitüeTAelIFnFanFmµCati lkçN³rUb niglkçN³CIvrUbrbs;TItaMg stVéRB nigBBYkstVd¾éTeTotEdlrs;enAkñúgtMbn; KMrbniglkçx½NÐ éRBeQI bBaðadI FnFanTwk Rbvtþi bBaðRbCasa®sþ nigesdækic©-sgÁm .karvaytMélRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþmksikmµdIsm,TansgÁmkic© begáIt)an³ 1> kMNt;GaTiPaBelIkareRCIserIsénkar
GPivDÆn_vis½yksikmµ kñúgeKalbMNgBRgIkskþanuBlbrisßan nigksikmµ enAelItMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© edayEp¥ktamtMrUvkarénkartaMglMenAfµI nigtMbn;rs;enAshKmn_
- TMB½r124 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü 2> kMNt;esNarIy:UénkarRbkbrbbrciBa
©wmCIvitsmRsb nigmanesßrPaBbMputdl;RkumRKYsarEdlTTYlpl RbeyaCn_BIkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
3> vaytMéleTAelItMrUvkardIFøI edIm,IKat;RbkbrbrciBa©wmCIvitkñúgRKYsarnimYy²tMrUvkar . eFVIkarvaytMél elIcMnYn muxsBaØaGñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_ edIm,I[dwgfa TItaMgdIeFVIsm,TandIsgÁkic©GacKaMRTdl;BYkeK)an .
4> eFIVkarviPaKelIEpñkesdækic© nigkMritlUtlas;énshRKasksikmµsMxan;² elITItaMgsMeNIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© .
5> begáInsmtßPaBenAtamsßab½nmUldæan ¬fñak;extþ Rsuk nigXMu ¦ sMrab;eFIVEpnkar nigkarGnuvtþn_kmµviFI nig kmµviFIKaMRTdl;GPivDÆn_sm,TandIsgÁmkic© .
karvaytMélelIRbB½n§eGkULÚsIuksikmµ mandUcxageRkam ³
dwknaMedaymRnþIfñakXMu Rsuk nigGñkPUmi tamry³dMeNIrkaredaymankarcUlrYm elIkarBicarNaeTAelI KuNPaBdI karerobcMEpnkarRKb;RKgdIksikmµ nigFnFanFmµCati nigkarGnuvtþn_ .
pþl;nItiviFIlMGit nigepþateTAelIkarvaytémøGMBIsmtßPaB nigviFIsa®sþGPivDÆn_dIeGaymanlkçN³smRsb edaymankarshkarCamYyshKmn_éRBeQI EdlCaTIBwgBak;d¾sMxan;sMrab;karRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati .
M.9 karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYm
- TMB½r125 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü GnuRkwtüsþIBIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© tMrUv[mankarCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ edIm,IGnuBaØa[mankarcUlrYmBIRbCaBlrdæ EdlGacmansiT§enAkñúgtMbn; nigedIm,IFana[mantmøaPaBelInItiviFI. karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ nignItiviFIBinitü eLIgvij rYmman kardak;taMgbgðajCasaFarN³nUvEpnTI nigr)aykarN_bBa¢ak;BIEpnkarlMGitsMrab;kareFVI sm,TandIsgÁmkic© karRbCMuCasaFarN³ edIm,Ipþl;B½t’mandl;RbCaBlrdæenAkñúgPUmiGMBInItiviFIGnuvtþKMerag pSBVpSayBt’man ebIkvKÁbNþúHbNþalelITidÐPaBsMxan;²edIm,IbegáInkaryl;dwgelIkic©karBarbrisßan nigsgÁmkic© nig[mankarcUlrYmBIRbCaBlrdæenAkñúgkarGnuvtþEpnkarskmµPaB . karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigTidæPaBénkarcUlrYm RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgKMerag LASED . karCUndMNwgCasaFarN³ karBinitüeLIgvij nigkarcUlrYm RtUv)aneRbIR)as;dUcxageRkam ³ pSBVpSayBt’mantamry³nItiviFIGnuvtþKMer
ag edayykcitþTukdak;CaBiesselIRbCaBlrdægayrgeRKaH nigeday mankarcUlrYmBIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al
eFIVyuT§nakarpSBVpSayB½t’maneGay)anTUlMTUlayedaybBa¢ak;BItYnaTI edIm,IkarFana nigedaHRsay)annUvbBaða suvtßiPaB
begáInkaryl;dwgBIeRKaHfñak;bNþalBIyuT§P½NÐTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn viFIedaHRsayRbsinebI muxsBaØaGñkTTYl dIFøI mRnþIfñak;XMu Rsuk Gñkem:Akar nigGñkd¾éTeTot CYbnwgbBaðaenH
- TMB½r126 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü Bnül;BIsBaØasMKal; Edlbgðajfa
edImeQIEdlRtUvkab; nigedImeQINaminRtUvkab;
eFVIGtþsBaØaN nigeFIVkarR)aRs½yTak;TgKña cMeBaHtMbn;EdlRtUvkarGPirkS
begáInyl;dwgBIkarpÁt;pÁg;Twk Gnam½y nigskmµPaBbNþúHbNþal
pSBVpSaGMBIkarkarBarTb;sáat;karqøgCMgWstVeTAmnusS
GnuBaØatidl;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alEdlmantYnaTIGPirkS edIm,IRtYtBinitü nigts‘UmtiedIm,Ikat;tMbn;TaMgenaH ecjBITItaMgGnuvtþKMerag
RtUvmantmøaPaBEdlmankMritx<s; kalanuvtþPaBsMrab;EsVgrkdMeNaHRsayelIbBaðavivaT nigkarCUndMNwg BIkrNIvivaT . begáIntmøaPaBkñúgkargarlT§kmµ
GnuBaØa[muxsBaØaGñkTTYldIFøI nigm®nþIfñak;XMu kñúgkareFIVesckþIsMerccitþ nigkarRtYtBinitüelI Gñkem:Akar nig Gñkpþl;esvakmµ .
M.10 kareFVIsvnkmµelIvis½ybrisßan
KMerag LASED
RtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGnuvtþenATItaMgRbmaN 60kEnøg kñúgry³eBl 05qñaM. edaymankar ®tYtBinitüeLIgvij nigkarKitKUrelIkic©karsuvtßiPaBbrisßan nigsgÁm enAkñúgdMeNIrkarGnuvtþ RbkarsMxan; KW sMedAFana[mankarRtYtBinitüedayÉkraCüelIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigedIm,IFanafa cMeBaHdMeNIkarGnuvtþKW eTAdUc KñaeTAnwgerobcMTuk rIÉGñk®tYtBinitünwgeFIVkargarRtwmRtUv edayeFVIy:agNa[kic©kargarsuvtßiPaBnwgminRtUv)an eKeFVI[rMlgeLIy .
- TMB½r127 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü
kareFVIsvnkmµelIvis½ybrisßan nwgRtUveFVICaBIrdMNak;kal ³ 1¦ BinitüeLIgvijelIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIcugeRkay EdlEpñkmYyénkarbBa©b;r)aykarN_sm,TandIsgÁmkic©CMhandMbUg nig 2¦ ry³eBl 06Ex dl;12Ex bnÞab; BIkarGnuvtþn_sm,TandIsgÁmkic©. kareFVIsvnkmµenHRtUveFVIeLIgedayPñak;garÉkraCü EdlGacmnÞIrbrisßanextþ GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alTTYlbnÞúkbrisßan b¤ GñkBieRKaHeyabl; . kareFVIsvnkmµ nwgeFIVBinitüelIÉksarEdl)an erobcMTaMgGs; rYmman EpnTI nigr)aykarN_ RbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþ rUbPaBtamtararNb EdlkñúgenaHk¾man karcUlrYmvaytMé;lRkumkargarXMu nigmuxsBaØaTTYldI nigkarRbCMuCasaFarN³CamYyPaKIEdlmankarBak;B½n§ dUcCa GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alTTYlbnÞúkGPirkS Gacpþl;TsSn³ nigB½t’manrbs;BYkeK . krNIenHRtUv )anrMBwgTukfa kareFVIsvnkmµelIvis½ybrisßaneTAelItMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© nwgcMNayeBl02éf¶ edIm,IbBa©b;kargarenH ehIyral;kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©TaMgGs; nwgRtUv)aneFVIsvnkmµeRkayBIkarGnuvtþn_ . karRtYtBinitübrisßan RtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,I ³ Fanafa elIEpnkar
nigkarGnuvtþn_kmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© RtUv)anedaHRsayelIbBaðasuvtßiPaBbrisßan dUc)anBicarNaedayGñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCü .
M.11
Rkume)assMGatRKab;rMesvminTan;p- TMB½r128 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü ÞúH nigskmµPaBedaHmIn
RbeTskm<úCamanyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn cMnYneRcInEdl)anbnSl;Tukedays®gÁameRcInqñaMknøgmk rYmTaMg tMbn;d¾manskþanuBlsßitenAkñúgTItaMgRbtibtþiKMeragKMrUTaMgBIr. karBinitüeLIgvijeTAelIEpnTIEdlbBa¢ak;TItaMgRKab;pÞúH kaMePøIgFM nigRKab;mIn b¤tMbn;eRKaHfñak;edaysarmIn edayr)aykarN_enHTTYl)anBIkarcuHRbmUlB½t’manlMdab; TI01 )aneFIVeLIgenAtamCnbT ¬emIl]bsm<½n§1nig2¦ pþl;sBaØaR)ab;BITIkEnøgEdlmanbBaðaKMramkMEhgxøaMg . bBaðaenHRtUv)anBinitüeLIgvij EdlCaEpñkénEpnTIkMNt;tMbn;EdlmancMNab;GarmµN_xøaMg ( Hot Spot Map)
edayeFVIkarkt;sMKal;cMeBaH viFankaredIm,IedaHRsaydl;bBaðayuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn .mankic©RBmeRBog CamYymCÄmNÐle)assMGatmInenAkm<úCa edIm,Ipþl;karKaMRTKMerag LASED edIm,IFanafa tMbn; EdlmanyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mIn RtUv)aneFVIGtþsBaØaN nige)assMGat . dUecñH vaminbgáeGayman eRKaHfñak; b¤ søab;dl;RbCaBlrdæenAkñúgPUmi m®nþIrbs;rdæaPi)al buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al Gñkem:Akar nigGñkpþl; esvakmµEdl)ancUlrYmeLIy . GgÁkare)assMGatmInkm<úCa nwgpþl;Rkume)assMGatmIn Rkumyl;dwgBIhaniP½y nigRkumse®gÁaH edIm,IGnuvtþ ³ vaytMélhaniP½yedayEp¥kelIkarsikSaelIÉks
ar - TMB½r129 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü nigB½t’mansþIBIyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigTin½yénkareRKaHfñak; edaysarRKab;mInbgáb;kñúgdIenAkñúgtMbn;GnuvtþKMerag
cuHBinitüedayckçúnigGegátRsavRCav edIm,IkMNt;tMbn;manyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúHnigRKab;mIn munnwgeFIVskmµPaB
eFIVkarRsavRCavl¥itl¥n; nigbgáareraKenACMuvijTItaMgsMNg;edIm,IFanafa karCIkdI nigkargarsagsg;minbNþal [maneRKaHfñak;eLIy
ebIkvKÁbNþúHbNþalcMeNHdwgsþIBIyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúHnigRKab;mIn dl;RbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI m®nþIXMu nigm®nþIraCrdæaPi)al EdleFIVkarenAkñúgtMbn; buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al shRKinem:Akar nig Gñkpþl;esvakmµ. dUecñH BYkKat;mankaryl;dwgnUvGVIEdlRtUvedaHRsayenAeBlCYbRbTHyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nig RKab;mIn rYmTaMgkarkat;bnßylkçN³haniP½yTaMgenH
begáItRkumedIm,IeqøIytbPøam²RbcaMkar EdlrgcaMkarCUndMNwg nigedaHRsay eBlCYbRbTHRKab;pÞúHnana b¤ eRKaHfñak;edaykarpÞúHRKab; nigGñkedIrl,atenAtamTItaMgCaRbcaM dUecñHRbCaBlrdæEdlCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI nigGñkd¾éTeTot eBlCYbRbTHRKab;rMesvminTan;pÞúH b¤ RKab;mIn Gacnwgcat;viFankarCabnÞan;)an
minRtUvb:HBal;yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúHnigRKab;mIn enAeBlCYbRbTH .
bEnßmelIRkumkargarrbs;mCÄmNÐle)assMGatmInenAkm<úCa KMeragsþIBI LASED
nwgpþl;karKaMRTedayGñkpþl; - TMB½r130 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü eyabl;ÉkraCüedIm,IRtYtBinitü nigFana)annUvKuNPaB . Gñkpþl;eyabl;ÉkraCü KWCaGñkCMnajmkBIxageRkA EdlmanCMnajxagEpñke)assMGatmIn nigyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH EdlnwgCYyelI ³ CYydl;karRKb;RKgKMeragsþIBI LASED
edayerobcM nigcrcaelIl½kçx½NÐén kic©snüaCamYymCÄmNÐl e)assMGatmInkm<úCa kñúgkarFanakargar nigkarGnuvtþn_)anRbRBwtþeTAtambTdæansþg;dar
pþl;karFana nigkarRtYtBinitümanKuNPaB tamry³karRtYtBinitüecaH²kñúgTMhMkargar5° énkargarsMerc)an rbs;mCÄmNÐle)assMGatmInkm<úCa
pþl;karRtYtBinitüCaTUeTAelIkareRtomrbs;buKÁlikmCÄmNÐle)assMGatmInenAkm<úCa kñúgeBlRtYtBinitüeday ecaH²edIm,IrkRKab;mIn
kñúgl½kçx½NÐénkare)assMGatyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigRKab;mInkñúgdI nigkaryl;dwgBIhaniP½y
Rkumse®gÁaHRtUvman skmµPaBdUcxageRkam ³
begáInkaryl;dwgdl;GñkcUlrYm buKÁlikGMBIeRKaHfñak;edaysarmInkñúgdInigyuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigkarcat;viFankar enAeBlCYbRbTH k¾dUcCakarkat;bnßyhaniP½y
GnuvtþkarBinitüedayckçúenAelIépÞdI eRbIR)as;]bkrN_ravrk nig]bkrN_edaHmIn
eFIVkarl,atelITIktaMg edIm,IeFVIskmµPABeqøIytbbnÞan;
eFIVkarRsavRCav[)anhµt;ct; nigRsavRCaveraKratt,atenACMuvijTItaMgRbtibtþi .
M.12 suvtßiPaBbrisßan - TMB½r131 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü tamRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigshvimCÄkarEdlmanRsab;
smasPaKTI2 énKMeragnwgdak;bBa©ÚlkareFIVvinieyaKeTAelIkargarsMNg;sIuvil kargarplitkmµ nigesvakmµ dUc)ankMNt;enAkñúgdMeNIrkareFIVEpnkarsm,TandIsgÁmkic© Edl)anbgðajenAkñúgsmasPaKTI1 . kargarTaMgenH KWTak;TgEteTAelIkarvinieyaKtUc² dUecñH vanwgGnuvtþtamkmµviFIRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar EdlmanRsab; . RbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar )anbegáIteLIg nigmankarrIkcMerInrhUtmkTl;bc©úb,nñenH edayRtUv)andak; bBa©ÚleBleBjeTAkñúgvdiþénkareFIVEpnkar nigkarGnuvtþn_RbcaMrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa. ÉksarenH)andak;bBa©Úl y:ageBjelj GMBInItiviFIlMGitTaMgGs; edaydak;bBa©ÚlnUveKalkarN_ eKalkarN_ENnaM TMrg;EbbbT nig ÉlsarsMrab;bNþúHbNþal . cMeBaHsuvtßiPaBbrisßan KWmanesovePAENnaMCak;lak; bBa¢IRtYtBinitü EpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan karerobcMsþg;dar eKalkarN_ENnaMdl;Gñkem:Akar Tinñn½yRKwHrbs;Gñkem:Akar nItiviFIeRCIserIs nigRtYtBinitü nigviFankarRtYt- BinitünigvaytMélelIkic©karBarbrisßan. viFankarTaMgenH RtUv)anRtYtBinitü[RsbeTAtamsþg;darrbs;FnaKar BiPBelak ehIyFnaKarBiPBelak)anpþl;karCMTas; eTAelIÉksarenHehIy .
- TMB½r132 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü ÉksareyagBak;B½n§eTAnwg RbB½n§mCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarEdlnanRsab; manbBa©ÚlenAkñúg Epñk 9>3 . cMeBaHviFankarCak;lak;rbs;KMerag LASED
GacmankarvinieyaKc,as;las; EdlGacTTYl)ankarpþl;mUlniFi sßitenAeRkamsmsPaKTI2 edayEpñkenH minTan;dak;bBa©Úl[)anTUlMTUlayeTAkñúgRbB½n§vimCÄkarnig vishmCÄ karenAeLIy . kñúgkrNITaMgenH GIV²EdlRtUvdak;bEnßm nwgRtUverobcMkñúgCMnYybec©keTsrbs;KMerag LASED
edaymanlkçN³RsbKñanwgRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar nigman TMrg;dUcKñaEdlGacykmkGnuvtþeTAtamRbB½n§ vimCÄkarnigvishmCÄkar nigkarRtYtBinitüRtUv)anBinitü . suvtßiPaBbrisßantamRbB½n§vimCÄkar nigshvimCÄkarEdlmanRsab; RtUv)aneRbIR)as; ³ pþl;eKalkarN_lMGit eKalkarN_ENnaM
TMrg;EbbbT nigkarbNþúHbNþal EdlbgðajTaMgRsugBIkic©karBar brisßan nigsgÁmsMrab;kareFIVvinieyaKenAkñúgsmasPaKTI2
pþl;esovePAENnaM bBa¢IRtYtBinitü EpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan karerobcMsþg;dar eKalkarN_ENnaMnig kic©snüaCamYyshRKinem:Akar RbB½n§Tinñn½y nItiviFIeRCIserIs nige)assMGat nigviFankarRtYtBinitü nigvaytMélsMrab;RKb;vinieyaKTaMgGs;enAkñúgsmasPaKTI2 .
erobcMsþg;darcMeBaHrcnasm<½n§pøÚv RbB½n§eRsacRsB rcnasm<½n§pÁt;pÁg;TwkCnbT RBmTaMgGNþÚg bgÁn;Gnam½y nigerobcMsMPar³dl;salaeron nigshKmn_ .
- TMB½r133 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü M.13 karbNþúHbNþalelIsuvtßiPaBbrisßan
nigsgÁm
enAkñúgdMeNIrkarGnuvtþKMerag LASED
TaMgmUl kargarbNþúHbNþaleTAelIkic©karBarbrisßan nigsgÁm nwgbBa©Úl CamYyvKÁbNþúHbNþald¾éTeTotEdlelIkeLIgBIkarerobcM b¤eFVIkarbNþúHbNþaldac;edayELktamesckþIRtUvkar . karbNþúHbNþaltamviFIsa®sþcMruH nwgGnuvtþeTAtameKalKMniténkic©karBarbrisßanrbs;KMerag LASED eday bBa©ÚlkargarsuvtßPaBenAkñúgrUbPaBkarGnuvtþn_KMeragTaMgGs;. viFankarsuvtßiPaBdUc)anbgðajxagelI nwgRtUv GnuvtþedayGnuelamtamTMhMénkarvinieyaK b¤ skmµPaBerobcM nigGnuvtþ . PaBxVHcenøaHmYycMnYn RtUv)an elIkeLIgtamry³kareFVsvnkmµbrisßan ehIyCMnYybec©keTsnana nwgeFVIkarEktMrUvnItiviFI edIm,IedaHRsay bBaðaxVHxatTaMgenaH . CamYyKñaenHEdr karbNþúHbNþaledayELk nwgRtUverobcMEpnkaredayEp¥kelIkarvay tMélGMBIesckþIRtUvkar nigkarGegátkñúgeBlGnuvtþKMerag . karbNþúHbNþalelIsuvtßPaBbrisßan
nwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as; ³ eFVI[mansmtßPaBelIkic©karsuvtßiPaBbris
ßan nigsgÁm enARKb;dMNak;kalénkarGnuvtþKMerag LASED.
M.14
karRtYtBinitüépÞdIeRkaykarGnuvtþKM- TMB½r134 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü erag
viFankarEdl)anerobrab;xagelI RtUv)anerobcMedIm,IFanadMeNIrkarRtwmRtUvelIEpnkarGnuvtþkareFVIEpnkareday mankarcUlrYm nigkarBicarNaeTAelIkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCati edIm,IFananirnþrPaBénKMerag LASED k¾dUcCa Tb;sáat;karT®nÞankan;kab;dIenAtMbn;éRBEdlmanmuxgarsMxan; nigtMbn;sMxan;²d¾éTeTot. RbkarKYr mankareCOCak; KWfa karbBa¢ak;nUvsmtßPaBRKb;RKan;edIm,IelIksÞÜyCIvPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldII karbNþúHbNþal nigkarKaMRTFanaelIPaBeCaKC½yEpñkksikmµ nwgeFIV[mankarGPirkSenAtMbn;TaMgenHeday mankarKUsvas;kMNt; y:agc,as; nigedaymankaryl;RsbBIsßab½nBak;B½n§ . eTaHbICakarviPaKl¥bMputénviFIsa®sþmankarERbRbYl )annwgkMBugGnuvtþedayKMerag LASED KWmanPaBeCaKC½y tameKaledARtYtBinitüenAkñúgry³eBlmYy faetItMbn;GPirkSkMBugRtUv)anEfrkSa b¤k¾mankarT®nÞankan;kab; . rUbPaBtamtararNb nwgRtUvkarenAeBldMeNIrkarerobcMEpnkar edIm,IFanafa r)aykarN_bzmmanlkçN³ RtwmRtUv nig)anerobrab;lMGitGMBIkareRbIR)as;dI nigkarerobcMEpnkareRbIR)as;dIedaymankarcUlrYm nwgelIkeLIg enAkñúgEpnTIlMGitbBa¢ak;BITItaMgRtUveFVIkarGPiDÆn_ tMbn;éRBsMxan;² nigtMbn;d¾éT eTotEdlmansar³sMxan;Epñk brisßan edayRtUv)anGPirkS . enHKWCakarGnuBaØati[manviFankarRtYtBin
- TMB½r135 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü itüedIm,I FanakarGPirkSRbkbeday RbsiT§iPaBeRkayBIkarGnuvtþn_KMeragRtwmRtUv edayeFIVkareRbobeFobrUbPaBeRkayry³eBl2-3qñaM bnÞab;BIkar Gnuvtþn_ edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkarERbRbYlrUbPaBedIm nigkareFIVEpnTIeRbIR)as;dIedaymankarcUlrYm. rUbPaBedIm nwgdak;bBa©ÚlrUbPaBsexµAEdlmankMritPaBc,as;cMgay2>5m nigmanmaRtdæan1³10>000 nigEpnTI BN’FmµCatimankMritPaBc,as;cMgay10m Edlpþl;lT§PaB[emIleXIjPaBxusKñaelItMbn;manrukçCati edIm,IkMNt; karERbRbYlcab;epþIBIcMNucGegátbzm ehIyrUbPaBBN’EdlmantMél nigRbsiT§PaBx<s; kñúgkMritPaBc,as; cMgay10m RtUv)aneKeFVIeLIgenAtMbn;tUc² {edaymankarbgðajBIkarERbRbYl} ehIykareFVIcMNat;fñak;én kareRbIR)as; KW)anbgðajelIrUbPaBenaH . krNIenH nwgbegáIt[manEpnTIc,as;las;edaybgðajBIPaBxusKña tMbn;éRB nigtMbn;d¾éTeTot kñúgry³eBlmun nigeRkaykarGnuvtþn_sm,TandIsgÁmkic© edayeFVIkareRbobeFob elIkareRbIR)as;dIEdlmanEpnkarkMNt; . krNIenHnwgeFIVkarkMNt;tMbn;EdlmankarT®nÞankan;kab; nigeFIVkar vaytMélGMBIsmtßPaBEdlGacRTRTg)anRtUv)anKNnasmRsb b¤ karpøas;bþÚr EdlcaM)ac;RtUvdak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúg dMeNIrkar . GacmanktþaepSgeTotEdlRtUveFVIkarBicarNaenAkñúgkarerobcMkmµviFIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© dUcCa Gac mankarelIkTwkcitþ[manGñkcUlmkTRnÞanenAkñúgtMbn;sm,TandIsgÁmkic© .
- TMB½r136 -
viFankar RKb;RKg¼karkat;bnßy¼RtYtBinitü
karRtYtBinitüelIkareRbIR)as;dIeRkaykarGnuvtþn_KMerag nwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as; ³
pþl;mUldæanRKwHsMrab;vaytMélBIplb:HBal;brisßanTUeTAbNþalmkBIkareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©
pþl;meFüa)aykMNt;bBaða edIm,IedaHRsayeGaykan;EtRbesIrkñúgkarerobcM nigGnuvtþKMerag LASED
pþl;eyabl;dl;RbCaBlrdæCamuxsBaØaGñkTTYldI nigfñak;XMu GMBIsPaBkarN_bc©úb,nñkñúgkareFIVsm,TandI sgÁmkic© nigbBaðasMxan;RtUv)anGnuvtþedIm,IkarGPivDÆn_ nigcIrPaBkñúgtMbn; .
8> kic©BieRKaHeyabl;énsßab½nBak;B½n§nigsaFarN³Cn/GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al
KMerag LASED
RtUv)anerobcMkñúgry³eBlRbmaN 02qñaM eTAtamnItiviFIviBaØtþisþg;dartMrUveday FnaKarBiPBelak eday)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgeKh³TMB½rFnaKarBiPBelak edIm,IpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ elIs BienH kic©RbCMuCak;lak;mYycMnYnRtUv)anerobcMeLIgedaymankarcUlrYmBIEpñkBak;B½n§ nigédKUrEdlmankar cab;GarmµN_
- TMB½r137 -
dUcmanbgðajenAbBa¢IeQµaHkñúgEpñk 9>2 xageRkam nig ]bsm<½n§ 7 . smasPaB cUlrYmman GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alTTYlbnÞúkGPirkS CaBiess GgÁkarmUlniFistVéRBBiPBelak nigGgÁkar sgÁmGPirkSstVéRB edIm,IBiPakSanigTTYlB½t’manGMBIstVéRBenAkñúgtMbn;GnuvtþKMerag . kic©RbCMu)an R)arB§eLIgCamYy NGO Forum
Casßab½nsMrbsMrYldl;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alEdlkMBugdMeNIrkarkñúgRbeTs km<úCa. kic©BiPakSaeTAelIbUCnIysßanvb,Fm’enAkñúgextþkMBg;camnigextþRkecH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg rYmTaMg viFankarFanadl;kic©karBar nigkarTTYlEpnTIBI École Française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) .
kic©RbCMunigsikçasala)anR)arB§eLIgCabnþbnÞab; ¬Caes‘rI¦
CamYysßab½nrdæaPi)alenAfñak;Cati rYmman RksYgbrisßan RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT nigsßab½nBak;B½n§enAfñak;extþnigRsuk . KMerag LASED TTYl)ankarENnaM nigkarKaMRTd¾xøaMgkøaBIsMNak;sßab½nBak;B½n§nwgkarerobcMKMerag karGnum½ti nigkarRbtibtþifñak;Rsuk extþ nigfñak;Cati . enAmankMNt;sMKal; bEnßmkñúgdMeNIrkarGnuvtþn_KMerag
LASED eday)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgesovePAENnaMGMBInItiviFIGnuvtþKMerag edayeFVIkarCUndMNwgdl; RbCaBlrdæmUldæancMeBaH kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic©eTAtamdMNak;kalbnþbnÞab;enAkñúgtMbn;EdleKrs;enA rYmTaMgkic©RbCMu edaycat;TukCaEpñkmYyéndMeNIrkarRti³
- TMB½r138 -
ri³BicarNa nigkarerobcM dUc)anerobrab;xagedIm krNIenH GacekItmanbnþbnÞab; EdlCaEpñkmYyénkargarkMBugdMeNIrkarenATItaMgRbtibtþiKMeragTaMgBIr edaysßitkñúgXMuCaMRkevon kñúgextþkMBg;cam nigXMusMbuk¼cRgág; kñúgextþRkecH¦ . esckþIRBagkarvaytémøbrisßannigEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan nwgdak;pSBVpSayCasaFarN³enAkñúg eKh³TMB½rrbs;KMeragsþIBI karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm enAkñúgEpñkkic©karBarCa 02Pasa KWPasaGg;eKøsnigPasaExµr tamry³manGas½ydæan www.cambodialased.com k¾dUcCaenAkñúg mCÄmNÐlB½t’man rbs;FnaKarBiPBelak . EpñkrwgénkmµviFIkMBüÚT½rsþIBI karvaytémøbrisßan nigEpnkar RKb;RKgbrisßan nwgGacerobcMeLIgenAmnÞIrerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ surieyadInigsMNg; k¾dUcCamnÞIr brisßanextþkMBg;camnigextþRkecH . sikçasalasaFarN³nwgR)arB§enAextþkMBg;camnigRkecH edayman karcUlrYmBIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al edIm,IBiPakSaelIesckþIsnñidæancMeBaHkarvaytémøbrisßannigviFankarEdl )anelIkeLIgkñúgEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan k¾dUcCapþl;lT§PaBeRbIR)as;EpnTInigÉksard¾éTeTot EdlCa EpñkmYyéndMeNIrkarRbtibtþiKMerag. karBnül;ehtupl karpþl;eyabl;epSg² nwgbBa©ÚleTAkñúgdMNak; kalBinitükarvaytémøbrisßan
- TMB½r139 -
nigEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßancugRkay bnÞab;BITTYl)ankarBnül;ehtuplBI FnaKarBiPBelak .9> bBa¢IeQµaHÉksareyag
9>1 karerobcMvaytémøbrisßankarvaytémøbrisßanenH )anerobcMed
ayRkumkargarerobcMKMeragsþIBI karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_ esdækic©nigsgÁm dwknaMedayelak esg fanI nigelakbNÐit saer:t bUra:mI Cam®nþIénRksYg erobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; . CMnYy)anpþl;edayelak ecRPI hIueml CaTIRbwkSarbs;FnaKar BiPBelak edaymankarcUlrYmBinitüeLIgvijnigbkERbedayelakbNÐit RCin suxa énRksYgbrisßan . karENnaM karCYynigkar®tYtBinitü edaym®nþIRKb;RKgrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak KWelak sÞIvin sáÚnb½rCW elak rIqad QIshUl GñkÉkeTsEpñkFnFanFmµCati elak EG‘sCW RKIEsþnsin GñkÉkeTsGPivDÆ sgÁmrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak nigelak eLg b‘unLúg GñkÉkeTsbrisßanénkariyal½yFnaKarBiPBelak RbcaMenAkm<úCa .
9>2 kMNt;RtaénkarR)aRs½yTak;Tgsßab½nBak;B½n§ saFarN³nig GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al
- TMB½r140 -
kMNt;Rtakic©RbCMunigkarR)aRs½yTak;Tgsßab½nrbs;raCrdæaPi)al GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigGgÁkar mYycMnYneTot dUc)anrayeQµaHkñúg]bsm<½n§7 . xageRkam Casßab½nEdl)anTMnak;TMngkñúgxN³eBl erobcMkarvaytémøbrisßannigEpnkarRKb;RKgbrisßan ³ kalbriecäT sßab½n
27/03/07 GgÁkarmUlniFistVéRBBiPBelak27/03/07 GgÁkarsgÁmGPirkSstVéRB28/03/07 visßanRsavRCavGPivDÆn_edIm,Ikm<úCa
28/03/07mnÞIrBiesaFdI énRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j; nigensaT
02/04/07 kmµviFIsþIBICIvPaBrs;enAnigdIFøI rbs;evTika GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)aledIm,Ikm<úCa
03/05/07 KMeragRKb;RKgdIFøI GTZ RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnig sMNg;
05/04/07RksYgbrisßan
23/05/07 TIRbwkSa RK
06/06/07 naykdæanrdæ)altMbn; RksYgmhaépÞ (NCDD) 08/06/07 karerobcMEpnTIkMNt;tMbn;Edlman
cMNab;GarmµN_xøaMg kñúgextþRkecH- TMB½r141 -
sikçasalaenAextþRkecHmnÞIrerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ surieyadInigsMNg;
09/06/07 sikçasalaerobcMEpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøI edaymankarcUlrYmBIXMusMbuk kariyal½yRsukRkecH
- TMB½r142 -
10/06/07 édKUedIm,IGPivDÆn_ 11/06/07 kic©RbCMusþIBI
kareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøI edaymankarcUlrYmBIXMu/Rsukemmt;kariyal½yerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ surieyadInigsMNg;Rsukemmt;
19/06/07 kic©RbCMuRkumkargarerobcMKMeragsþIBI karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_ esdækic©nigsgÁm
- TMB½r143 -
20/06/07 kic©RbCMuKN³kmµaFikarEbgEckkareRbI- R)as;dIFøIfñak;extþ extþRkecH
21/06/07 kic©RbCMuGMBIkareFVIEpnkareRbIR)as;dIFøI
22/06/07 kic©RbCMuenAmnÞIrdIFøIextþ CamYyRkumkargarfñak;Rsuk
19/07/07 GgÁkarmUlniFIstVéRBBiPBelak
bBa¢IeQµaHxagelIminmanlkçN³eBjeljeT KWKµanGas½ydæanGIuem:lsMrab;R)aRs½yTak;Tgnig KµankarBiPakSaCamYyTIRbwkSaEpñkkic©karBarsgÁm nigm®nþIFnaKarBiPBelak .
- TMB½r144 -
9>3 Tinñn½ynigÉksareyag ÉksarAshwell, D., 1994. r)aykarN_sþIGMBIbrisßan IUCN
– shB½n§GPirkSBiPBelak nigRksYg- brisßan énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RkumRbwkSaneya)aydIFøI cuHéf¶TI06 ExkBaØa qñaM2006 . yuT§sa®sþénRkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay dIFøI . ]btßmÖedayKMeragrdæ)alnigRKb;RKgdIFøI nigGgÁkar GTZ . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RkKr qñaM2006 . karsikSaRsavRCavRbePTdIenAkm<úCa . kare)aHBum<rYmrvagKN³kmµkardIFøIén RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa nig USAID . PñMeBj km<úCa .
davItsun Exmina qñaM2003 . bBa¢IeQµaHtMbn;rs;enArbs;bkSIsMxan;²enAkm<úCa – tMbn;sñÚl sMrab;karGPirkS . naykdæanéRBeQInigstVéRB naykdæanGPirkSnigkarBarFmµCati GgÁkarCIvitbkSI- GnþrCatienA\NÐÚcin kmµviFIsgÁmkm<úCaedIm,IGPirkSstVéRB eday)anTTYlkar]btßmÖEpñkhirBaØvtßúBIGgÁkar danIda . PñMeBj km<úCa .
EAESDU qñaM1999 . esovePAsegçbGMBIkic©karBarsgÁmkic©nigbrisßan . EpñkGPivDÆn_sgÁm- kic©nigbrisßanenAtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_ FnaKarBiPBelak . v:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik .
rdæ)aléRBeQI éf¶TI02 Exemsa qñaM2003 . GnuRkwtüelx79 sþIBI karRKb;RKgéRBeQI- shKmn_
- TMB½r145 -
rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa rdæ)aléRBeQI ONKR.BK. . PñMeBj km<úCa .
rdæ)aléRBeQI éf¶TI20 Exemsa qñaM2005 . GnuRkwtüelx53 sþIBI nItiviFIsMrab;karbegáIt kareFVIcMNat;fñak;nigkarcuHbBa¢IFnFanéRBGciéRnþy_ . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa rdæ)aléRBeQI ONKR.BK. . PñMeBj km<úCa .
rdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM2003 . c,ab;sþIBIéRBeQI . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa rdæ)aléRBeQI NS/RKM/0802/016 . PñMeBj km<úCa .
rdæ)aléRBeQI . esckþIRBagRbkassþIBI eKalkarN_éRBeQIshKmn_nig]bsm½<n§ minTan; )anbBa©b; . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa rdæ)aléRBeQI PRK/KSK . PñMeBj km<úCa .
FLD, CTST nigrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM2006 . karGPirkSRbePTedImeQIEdlTTYlrgkarKMram kMEhgnigRbePTmantémøenAkm<úCa 2001–2006- CakrNIsikSa . karGPivDÆn_eTsPaBnigéRBeQI nigbrisßan es‘rI 3-2006 . mCÄmNÐldanIda edIm,IéRBeQI eTsPaBnigkareFVIEpnkar KVL nig KMeragRKb;RKgRKab;BUCeQI nigrdæ)aléRBeQIkm<úCa . Hørsholm, Denmark.
Hun S. éf¶TI26 Exkkáda qñaM2002 . esckþIEføgkarrbs;raCrdæaPi)alsþIBI eKalneya)ay éRBeQICati . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa PñMeBj km<úCa .
Hun S. éf¶TI09 Exmifuna qñaM2004 . esckþIbgÁab;sþIBIkic©karBar karb®gáab nigkarbM)at;-skmµPaBkab;qáaréRB kardutéRB
- TMB½r146 -
karrandInigkarT®nÞanykdIéRBCakmµsiT§ . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa PñMeBj km<úCa .
IBRD 1991 . ÉksareKalsþIBIkarvaytémøbrisßan PaK01 ³ eKalneya)ay nItiviFI nigbBaðaBak;B½n§. Éksarbec©keTsrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak elx139 . FnaKarGnþrCatiedIm,Iksag eLIgvijnigkarGPivDÆn_ naykdæanbrisßan v:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik .
IBRD 1991 . ÉksareKalsþIBIkarvaytémøbrisßan PaK02 ³ eKalkarN_ENnaMtam Epñk . Éksarbec©keTsrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak elx140 . FnaKarGnþrCatiedIm,IksageLIgvijnig karGPivDÆn_ naykdæanbrisßan v:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik .
karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm éf¶TI30 Ex]sPa qñaM2007 . esovePAENnaM BIdMeNIrkarRbtibtþikarEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm ]bsm<½n§1 ³ EbbbT rbs;raCrdæa- Pi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm éf¶TI30 Ex]sPa qñaM2007 . esckþIRBag- esovePAENnaMBIdMeNIrkarRbtibtþikarEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa PñMeBj km<úCa .
karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm Extula qñaM2006 . esckþIRBagRkbx½NÐeKal- neya)ay "karpøas;bþÚrTIlMenA " PaK3
- TMB½r147 -
rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm Extula qñaM2006 . kMNt;RtaTUeTAsþIBI mrtk- vb,F’mnigkareRCIserIsFnFanvb,F’mtamlkçN³rUb esckþIRBagPaK2 rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
karEbgEckdIFøIedIm,IGPivDÆn_esdækic©nigsgÁm Extula qñaM2006 . Rkbx½NÐeFVIEpnkaredIm,I RbCaBlrdæGenþaRKam esckþIRBagPaK3 rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
ma:KøIn éf¶TI20 Exmifuna qñaM2005 . bsustVenAkñúgRbB½n§ksidæandMNaMRsUvkm<úCa . KMerag km<úCa-eGorI-GU®sþalI . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg;; éf¶TI19 Exmina qñaM2003 . GnuRkwtüelx19 sþIBI kareFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; elx19 ANK/BK/éf¶TI19 Exmina qñaM2003 .
RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; éf¶TI19 Exvicäika qñaM2005 . GnuRkwtüelx200 sþIBI karRKb;RKgdIrdæ . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; DNS/BRK éf¶TI19 Exvicäika qñaM2005 .
RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg;; éf¶TI31 Ex]sPa qñaM2002 . GnuRkwtüelx46 sþIBI
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nItiviFIbegáItEpnTIsurieyadI . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; ANS/BK éf¶TI31 Ex]sPa qñaM2002 . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg;; éf¶TI06 ExkumÖ³ qñaM2007 . c,ab;sþIBIdIFøIénRBHra-CaNacRkkm<úCa . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; NS/RKM/0801/14 PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg;; ExFñÚ qñaM2005 . GnuRkwtüelx146 sþIBI kareFVI sm,TandIesdækic© . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; ANK/BK ExFñÚ qñaM2005 . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg;; Extula qñaM2005 . GnuRkwtüelx118 sþIBI kar- RKb;RKgdIrdæ . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg; HNKBK Extula qñaM2005 . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµnigsMNg;; . Rbkaselx42
sþIBI karkMNt;nigkareFVIEpnTI dIrdænigkareFVIcMNat;fñak;dIrdæ BMuTan;)anbBa©b; . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; No. 42 DSN.BK . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgbrisßan Exemsa qñaM2002 . yuT§sa®sþnigEpnkarCIv³cMruHCati .
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raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgbrisßan FAO/UNDP/GEF Project CMB/98/G33 PñMeBj km<úCa .
Mund, J-P. Exmina qñaM2006 . dIenAtMbn;sMrab;eFVIsm,TandIsgÁmkic© kñúgXMusMbuk RsukRkecH km<úCa - TidæPaBTUeTAnigkarBiB’Nna . CIM PñMeBj km<úCa .
Oberndorf, R.B. ExFñÚ qñaM2003 . ÉksarRkumkargarelx 02 PaBkgVHcenøaHsMxan;²enA kñúgc,ab;nigbTbBaØti . ÉksarépÞkñúgrbs;kariyal½yFnaKarBiPBelakRbcaMenAkm<úCa. PñMeBj km<úCa.
raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa Exmkra qñaM2005 . esovePAENnaMGMBIplb:HBal;brisßan nigkarsikSadI sMrab;KMeragmUlniFiXMu/sgáat;. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa KN³kmµaFikarCatiRTRTg;XMu/sgáat;. PñMeBj km<úCa.
sIla éf¶TI29 Extula qñaM2002 . Rkbx½NÐsMrab;eKalneya)aynignItiviFITTYldIFøI .KMerag GPi)alkic©mUldæannigkareFVIvinieyaKCnbT rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla Exvicäika qñaM2002. EpnkarGPivDÆn_nigkmµviFIvinieyaKrbs;XMu . KMeragGPi)alkic©mUldæan nigkareFVIvinieyaKCnbT rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla éf¶TI11 Exmina qñaM2003 . karvinieyaKenAfñak;mUldæannigkarviPaKvis½ybrisßaneTA elIKMeragGPi)alkic©mUldæan nignItiviFI®tYtBinitüGnuKMerageLIgvij .
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KMeragGPi)alkic©fñak;mUldæannig karvinieyaKCnbT rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla Exvicäika qñaM2002 . plb:HBal;brisßanbNþalmkBIKMeragehdæarcnasm<½n§xñattUc ³ ]TahrN_TI11 ÉksarbNþúHbNþalmUldæanRKwHdl;m®nþIRTRTg;bec©keTs . KMeragGPi)alkic©fñak;- mUldæannigkarvinieyaKCnbT rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla éf¶TI20 ExkumÖ³ qñaM2002 . EbbbTB½t’manénKMeragehdæarcnasm½<n§XMu /sgáat; . KMeragGPi)alkic©fñak;mUldæannigkarvinieyaKCnbT rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla Ex]sPa qñaM2005 . EbbbTTI1 ³ plb:HBal;brisßannigeKalkarN_mUldæanRKwHén kic©karBar . kmµviFIsIlarbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla Ex]sPa qñaM2005 . EbbbTTI2 ³ eKalkarN_ENnaMsMrab;GnuvtþkarviPaKbrisßan . kmµviFIsIlarbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla Ex]sPa qñaM2005 . EbbbTTI3 ³ eKalkarN_ENnaMsMrab;erobcMr)aykarN_sikSa GMBIdI . kmµviFIsIlarbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
Smith, J., ed., 2001 CIv³cMruH Pav³manCIvitenAkm<úCa ³ r)aykarN_sßanPaBCIv³cMruHenAkm<úC
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a qñaM2001 eragBumÖ SVA . PñMeBj km<úCa .
White, P.F. et al ed., 1997 . kareRbIR)as;dIsMrab;plitplRsUvenARbeTskm<úCa esovePA ENnaMGMBIkarkMNt;sBaØaNdaMduHnigkarRKb;RKg . KMeragkm<úCa-eGorI-GU®sþalI . PñMeBj km<úCa .
FnaKarBiPBelak kñúgExmkra qñaM1999 . eKalneya)ayRbtibtþi /eKalneya)ayFnaKar 4>01 ³ karvaytémøbrisßan . esovePAENnaMGMBIkarRbtibtþiénFnaKarBiPBelak . TIRkugv:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik .
FnaKarBiPBelak kñúgExmifuna qñaM2001 . eKalneya)ayRbtibtþi /eKalneya)ayFnaKar 4>04 ³ TICMrkFmµCati . esovePAENnaMGMBIkarRbtibtþiénFnaKarBiPBelak . TIRkugv:asIunetan shrdæ- Gaemrik .
FnaKarBiPBelak ExFñÚ qñaM1999 . eKalneya)ayRbtibtþi /eKalneya)ayFnaKar 4>09 ³ karRKb;RKgstVl¥itcéRg . esovePAENnaMGMBIkarRbtibtþiénFnaKarBiPBelak. TIRkugv:asIunetan sh- rdæGaemrik .
FnaKarBiPBelak Exkkáda qñaM2005 . eKalneya)ayRbtibtþi /eKalneya)ayFnaKar 4>10 ³ RbCaBlrdæGenþaRKam . esovePAENnaMGMBIkarRbtibtþiénFnaKarBiPBelak. TIRkugv:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik .
FnaKarBiPBelak Exkkáda qñaM2006 . eKalneya)ayRbtibtþi /eKalneya)ayFnaKar 4>11 ³
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FnFanvb,F’mtamrUbPaB . esovePAENnaMGMBIkarRbtibtþiénFnaKarBiPBelak. TIRkugv:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik .
FnaKarBiPBelak ExFñÚ qñaM2001 . eKalneya)ayRbtibtþi /eKalneya)ayFnaKar
4>12 ³ briFanpøas;bþÚrTIlMenA edayBMumankarsµ½RKcitþ . esovePAENnaMGMBI karRbtibtþiénFnaKarBiPBelak . TIRkugv:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik .
FnaKarBiPBelak Exvicäika qñaM2002 . eKalneya)ayRbtibtþi /eKalneya)ayFnaKar 4>36 ³ éRBeQI .
esovePAENnaMGMBIkarRbtibtþiénFnaKarBiPBelak. TIRkugv:asIunetan shrdæGaemrik.
FnaKarBiPBelak éf¶TI8 Ex]sPa qñaM2002 . bBa¢IRsg;Tinñn½ybrisßansMrab;KMeragenAkñúg kmµviFIkm©I IBRD/IDA. kmµviFIGPi)alkic©mUldæannigkarvinieyaKCnbT . TIRkugv:asIunetan shrdæ- Gaemrik .
GgÁkarmUlniFistVéRBBiPBelak qñaM2006 .
TsSn³vis½yCIv³cMruHsMrab;ÉksarsegçbsþIBI eGkU- LÚsIufñak;tMbn; EdlsßitenAtMbn;éRBs¶ÜténTenøemKgÁEpñkxageRkam . mUlniFistVéRBBiPBelaksMrab; tMbn;visalPaBTenøemKgÁ kmµviFIrbs;km<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþnigTinñn½yEpnTI
CARDI, minTan;)anbBa©b; . Tinñn½yrYmrbs;RbePTdI .
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viTüasßanRsavRCavnigGPivDÆn_dMNaM- ksikmµkm<úCa ¬RkKr qñaM1962¦ . PñMeBj km<úCa .
CMAA, 2001 . Tinñn½yrYmRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénTItaMgmIn . GaCJaFrkMcat;mInkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
CMAA, qñaM2001 . Tinñn½yrYmRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénTItaMgmIn ¬ karsikSaRsavRCavkMritTI01¦ GaCJaFrkMcat;mInkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
CRISP, Ex]sPa qñaM 2007 . cMNuc5 énrUbPaBtararNb 52743240612240327301/7 Edl)anftenAéf¶TI24 ExFñÚ qñaM2006 kñúgextþRkecH . mCÄmNÐlTMnak;TMngeTAkan;eKaledAkMNt; karTTYlTinñn½yb¤B½t’man nigdMeNIrkarRbtibtþi CD-ROM rUbPaBtararNb CaTMrg; GeoTIFF . swgðbUrI .
CRISP, Ex]sPa qñaM 2007 . cMNuc5 énrUbPaBtararNb 52753260403310323371/8 Edl)anftenAéf¶TI31 Exmina qñaM2004 kñúgextþkMBg;cam . mCÄmNÐlTMnak;TMngeTAkan;eKaledA kMNt;karTTYlTinñn½yb¤B½t’man nigdMeNIrkarRbtibtþi CD-ROM rUbPaBtararNbTMrg; GeoTIFF . swgðbUrI .
danIda éf¶TI01 Exmifuna qñaM2007 . RbB½n§kMBüÚT½rGatøaskm<úCa . kmµviFIbrisßannigFnFan- FmµCatirbs;danIda <http://www.cambodiaatlas.com/mapIndex.html> . PñMeBj km<úCa .
rdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM2007 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa
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®sþéRBeQIshKmn_ . kariyal½y éRBeQIshKmn_ rdæ)aléRBeQI RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT . PñMeBj km<úCa .
GgÁkarcMNIGaharnigksikmµ . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþsþIBITwkePøóg . GgÁkarcMNI Gaharnigksikmµrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati . TIRkugrU:m RbeTsGIutalI .
GgÁkarcMNIGaharnigksikmµ . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþsþIBIsItuNðPaB . GgÁkar-cMNIGaharnigksikmµrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati . TIRkugrU:m RbeTsGIutalI .
IFSR, qñaM2004 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþéRBsm,Tan . shB½n§GnþrCatiedIm,I karsikSaRsavRCav . vIEy:nNa GU®sþalI .
IFSR, qñaM2004 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénkarrukT®nÞanéRB . shB½n§GnþrCati edIm,IkarsikSaRsavRCav . vIEy:nNa GU®sþalI .
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT qñaM2002 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþKMrbéRB eQI qñaM2002 . RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþshKmn_Clpl nigEdnCMrkRtI minTan;)anbBa©b; . RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT . PñMeBj km<úCa .
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RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT. Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþtMbn;RbPBrkSaRKab;BUC minTan;)anbBa©b; . RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j; nigensaT . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþéndImanCIrCati minTan;)anbBa©b; . RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbma:j;nigensaT . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYg]sSahkmµ Er:nigfamBl qñaM2005 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénfamBlvarI- GKÁIsnI nigGKÁIsnI . RksYg]sSahkmµ Er:nigfamBl . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYg]sSahkmµ Er:nigfamBl . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénPUKBÖsa®sþ minTan; )anbBa©b; . RksYg]sSahkmµ Er:nigfamBl . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYg]sSahkmµ Er:nigfamBl . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénFnFanEr: minTan;)an bBa©b; . RksYg]sSahkmµ Er:nigfamBl . PñMeBj km<úCa .
RksYgbrisßan . EbbEpnénkareRbIR)as;dI nigdMNaMenAtamtMbn;dICMral minTan;)anbBa©b; . RksYgbrisßan . PñMeBj km<úCa .
KN³kmµkarTenøemKgÁ qñaM2001 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþénKMrbéRBeQIqñaM1976 nigqñaM1997 . KN³kmµkarTenøemKgÁ . PñMeBj km<úCa .
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KN³kmµkarTenøemKgÁ Ex]sPa 2003 . esovePAEpnTIbrisßannigRbCaBlrdæsMrab;tMbn; GagTenøemKgÁEpñkxageRkam . KN³kmµkarTenøemKgÁnigGgÁkarmUlniFistVéRBBiPBelak CD-ROM . PñMeBj km<úCa .
NASA, qñaM2005 . Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission Digital Elevation Model GIS Dataset. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Washington, USA..
RCBC, minTan;)anbBa©b; . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþtMbn;dIesIm . mCÄmNÐlfñak; tMbn;edIm,IGPirkSCIv³cMruHrbs;smaKmRbCaCatiGasIuGeKñy_ ¬ASEAN¦ . TIRkugma:nIl hVIlIBIn .
RSP, Ex]sPa qñaM2003 . Tinñn½yzaelxaénRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþxñat 1³100>000 sMrab;km<úCa . raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgsaFarN³karnigdwkCBa¢Ún KMeragsikSaRsavRCav CD-ROM of ArcGIS-format Shapefiles . PñMeBj km<úCa .
sIla qñaM2006 . Tinñn½yRKwHXMu /sgáat; . elxaFikardæansIla . PñMeBj km<úCa .
yUnIEshV qñaM2004 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþbgðajBIsMNaksarFatueRKaHfñak; Gaesnik . yUnIEshVkm<úCa . PñMeBj km<úCa .
US-DSCA, minTan;)anbBa©b; . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþbgðajBIeKaledATmøak; RKab;EbkRbePT B52 . TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarkarBarsuvtßiPaBshrdæGaemrik . va:sIunetan shrdæ Gaemrik .
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US-DSCA, minTan;)anbBa©b; . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþbgðajBIeKaledAkMNt; vayluktamGakas . TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarkarBarsuvtßiPaBshrdæGaemrik . va:sIunetan shrdæ Gaemrik .
kmµviFIes,ógGaharBiPBelak qñaM2002 . Tinñn½yrYménRbB½n§B½t’manPUmisa®sþbgðajBIkMritPaB RkIRk . EpñkeFVIEpnTIvaytémøCnRkIRkgayrgeRKaH rbs;kmµviFIes,ógGaharBiPBelak. PñMeBj km<úCa.
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