Microsoft Excel XP Pivot Tables

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    Copyright 2002 University of Greenwich

    All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be

    photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, adapted, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in

    any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.

    Microsoft Excel is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

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    Contents

    Lesson 1: Pivot tables reports: What they are .........................................................................1

    Lesson 2: Creating source data..................................................................................................2

    Lesson 3: Create a summarising Pivot Table Report ..............................................................3

    Lesson 4: Adjusting Pivot table fields .......................................................................................5

    Adding fields to a Pivot table...........................................................................................................5

    Using more than one data field ........................................................................................................5

    Removing fields from a Pivot table .................................................................................................5

    Help! I closed the Pivot table field list! ...........................................................................................5

    Lesson 5: Select relevant information from pivot tables.........................................................6

    Fields................................................................................................................................................6

    Pages ................................................................................................................................................6

    Lesson 6: Pivot Table Report Options ......................................................................................7

    Lesson 7: Delete a PivotTable report ........................................................................................8

    Lesson 8: Edit the source area used by the pivot table............................................................8

    Lesson 9: Creating a Pivot table based on a Pivot table..........................................................9

    Lesson 10: Update or refresh data shown in the pivot table ...................................................10

    To refresh .......................................................................................................................................10Keeping formatting when refreshing .............................................................................................10

    Lesson 11: Using simple Functions............................................................................................11

    Lesson 12: Number format.........................................................................................................12

    Lesson 13: Sorting Data..............................................................................................................12

    Sorting by Dragging.......................................................................................................................12

    Sorting automatically .....................................................................................................................12

    Showing the top items only............................................................................................................12

    Lesson 14: Calculating fields and items ....................................................................................13

    Calculating fields ...........................................................................................................................13

    Calculating items............................................................................................................................13

    Lesson 15: Changing and Deleting calculated fields/ items.....................................................14

    Changing Fields .............................................................................................................................14

    Deleting Fields ...............................................................................................................................14

    Changing Items ..............................................................................................................................14

    Deleting Items ................................................................................................................................14

    Lesson 16: Relating data.............................................................................................................15

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    Lesson 17: Hiding page items.....................................................................................................16

    Lesson 18: Subtotals....................................................................................................................17

    To add subtotals .............................................................................................................................17

    Removing subtotals........................................................................................................................17

    Resetting subtotals .........................................................................................................................18Including Hidden page field items.................................................................................................18

    Lesson 19: Printing Pivot Table Reports ..................................................................................18

    Print area ........................................................................................................................................18

    Repeating Row and column headings on each new page ..............................................................18

    Repeating item labels as relevant on new page .............................................................................19

    Print the sections of a PivotTable report on separate pages...........................................................19

    Lesson 20: Creating a consolidating pivot table report (using multiple ranges) ..............20

    Consolidating data using pivot tables ............................................................................................20

    Lesson 21: Using Autoformats...................................................................................................22

    Lesson 22: Creating and printing a pivot chart .......................................................................23

    Creating a PivotChart.....................................................................................................................23

    Printing a Pivot chart .....................................................................................................................24

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    1

    Lesson 1: Pivot tables reports: What they arePivot table reports are two-dimensional tables used to summarise large amounts of data. The data

    will normally be in the form in a long list consisting of 3 or more columns.

    (You can also use data form sources outside MicrosoftExcel, but this will not be covered in thiscourse.)

    Once created the Pivot table report can be quickly changed to show different variations of the

    summarised data.

    An example of a simple Pivot Table report is shown below right, while the source data is shown

    below left.

    These reports are extremely useful when you wish to compare related totals which must be obtained

    from a long list of figures. Pivot table reports will do sorting, subtotalling and totalling

    automatically.

    Pivot table reports can also be used to summarise orconsolidate data of the same kind on different

    sheets (this can also be done in other ways).

    e.g. The information on the two sheets shown left and centre can be consolidated as shown right.

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    4

    Now decide what heading you want at the top of the table (columns headings). Click on the

    relevant field and drag it into position. (Note that once a field has been used it will be shown in bold

    in the Pivot Table Field list)

    e.g. drag Working Country into theDrop Column field here area and Native Country into the

    Drop Row Fields here area

    In this case we have 5 columns. We

    therefore need to use pages to view two

    other columns. So drag Language

    spoken up to theDrop page Fields here

    area

    Then drag Language learning up to the

    same area, lets say, above Native

    Language

    Lastly we can drag Name into theDrop

    data Items here area.

    You will then see the completed pivot table as

    shown, for our example, right.

    If at any point you realise that you have

    dragged a field to the wrong place you can use

    the undo key, to return to the previous step,

    or you can click on the heading cell in the table

    and drag it to another position.

    Some general rules for placement of fields are:

    The most changeable item is probably bestas aRow field

    Usually any numerical fields go in the dataarea

    For data with 3 columns the Row, Column and Data areas are used - not the Page area.

    Notes

    1. Excelautomatically counts text data items (names in the example above) andsums (adds up) anynumericaldata items.

    2. You can drag more than one field tothe row area, and/or more than onefield to the column area see the

    example shown right.

    3. WhenExcelcreates a Pivot table ithas to create an intermediate stage

    sorting and summarising the data. If

    you create another Pivot Table based on the same data you will be asked to base the Pivot table

    on the previous Pivot table in order to save memory

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    5

    Lesson 4: Adjusting Pivot table fields

    Adding fields to a Pivot table

    Click on the field name on Pivot table Field list and drag it into the desired position.

    Make sure that the vertical or horizontal insertion bar

    (e.g. ) appears in the position in which you wish to insert the new field i.e. before or

    after an existing field.

    Using more than one data field

    When creating the Pivot table you can drag more than one field into the

    data area. This will give a row under each heading for each data item.

    If you have problems with the order of the data items you can right click

    on a data item and select Order. The menu shown right appears and you

    can use this to move the data items into the correct order

    Removing fields from a Pivot table

    To remove a field click on the field name in the Pivot table, hold the left mouse button down and

    drag away from the Pivot table until you see the cursor change as shown right. Release

    the mouse button.

    To remove a data item from the table when there are more than one data item click on the down

    arrow beside the heading and remove the tick from any item you do not wish to see.

    Help! I closed the Pivot table field list!

    Dont panic! Just click on the button (the last on the right) on the Pivot Table toolbar. You can

    use this button to hide the field list too.

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    6

    Lesson 5: Select relevant information from pivot tablesOnce you have created the Pivot Table you will see that there are various headings that have down

    arrows to their right, e.g. . You can use these arrows to adjust the information

    that is on view.

    Fields

    For example, if you click on the down arrow for the Working Country you

    will see a list of all the Sending Countries that exist in your source data. Note

    the scroll bar in the example shown right.

    You can then click to remove from the table any country in which you are not

    interested and clickOK.

    Pages

    Page fields are set to Allby default However, they also have a down arrow.

    The choices look slightly different, since you are choosing which informationyou wish to view. ClickAlgeria to see only data concerning Algeria. Click

    All to see a summary of all the data.

    In this example information foralllanguage learningdata where the language

    spoken is English

    Note that you can see clearly which

    information you are viewing

    Let us suppose that you are now

    arranging language classes for

    English Speakers who are learning

    Mandarin.

    You can click on the down arrow beside Language Learning,

    clickMandarin and clickOK.

    You can also double click on a field, (e.g.

    International in the Previous table and

    choose a field name to show more, or less,

    detail, e.g. NativeLanguage

    You could then double click on China and

    Congo etc to produce the same results for

    those rows

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    7

    Lesson 6: Pivot Table Report OptionsSo far we have created a simple Pivot table and accepted the options that MicrosoftExcelchose.

    At step 3 of the Wizard used to create a Pivot table you will see the button.

    Click this to customise your Pivot table to your specific needs

    You can also change these options when the table has been created by clicking on the

    Pivot table toolbar and selecting Table Options, or select Wizard to return to the Wizard.

    Some useful options are explained below:

    Name: It is good policy to name the Pivot

    Table as you may create more than one and

    it is easier to know what Mars bars eaten

    means than PivotTable2!

    Grandtotals: If you do not wish to seethese for columns and/or rows remove the

    ticks from these options.

    Removing the columnGrand total will also

    remove the overall Grand Total.

    Autoformat table: is this is ticked the width

    of columns within the table will be adjusted

    to fit the data.

    Subtotal hidden page items: see Lesson 17:

    and Lesson 18:

    Merge labels: If you choose this option all labels will be centred vertically and horizontally in theircells.

    Preserve formatting see Lesson 9:

    Repeat item labels on each printed page and Page layout will be covered in Lesson 19:

    Mark Totals with only applies to Pivot tables based on data in certain types of database

    Save data with table layout: To produce the pivot table MicrosoftExcelcalculates new data. If

    this option is tickedExcelsaves the data it has calculated which increases the size of the file. If it is

    not ticked the file size will be smaller, but on opening the file you must update the table before

    working with it. If you choose not to save the data clickRefresh on Open to ensure that the table

    will automatically be updated when the file is opened.

    Enable Drill down: ifthis is not ticked you will be unable to show details of a field by double

    clicking on it as explained in Lesson 4:

    Refresh every nn minutes this applies when data from an external source is used (e.g. a database).

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    8

    Lesson 7: Delete a PivotTable reportClick in the PivotTable report.

    ClickPivotTable on the PivotTable toolbar, clickSelect, and then clickEntire Table.

    On the Edit menu, point to Clear, and then clickAll.

    This will remove the formatting and contents of all the cells which were part of the Pivot Table

    Report.

    Lesson 8: Edit the source area used by the pivot tableIf you have added data at the end of your list you will need to change the area you defined for the

    Pivot table to get its data from. (If you have inserted rows or columns within the range you will

    merely need to refresh the data see 0)

    Click within the table

    ClickPivot Table on the Pivot table tool bar and then clickWizard. (If the Pivot table toolbar is

    not shown select View, Toolbars, Pivot Table)

    Step 3 of the Pivot Table Wizard will appear

    Click the button to return to step 2

    Click on the spreadsheet and drag to highlight the area you wish to use, or or simply edit the last

    figure to include a new row. E.g. if the original area was defined as and you have

    added two rows to the data you could simply edit the last two digits to read 20 instead of18

    Click

    The Pivot table will update immediately.

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    9

    Lesson 9: Creating a Pivot table based on a Pivot tableWhen creating a Pivot table for data which has been used to create an existing Pivot table you will

    be asked whether you wish to base the new Pivot Table on the existing one. This is because data is

    summarised and saved in a different form before the Pivot table is produced. Basing the new Pivot

    table on the old one means that both tables can use the same saved, summarised data. This

    minimises the size of your file. You can also define from that start that you will base the Picot table

    on an existing one

    Click a blank cell

    Select Data, PivotTable and PivotChart Report

    The first step of the PivotTable Wizard will appear with the options

    shown right.

    Make sure Another PivotTable or PivotChart and Pivot Table

    have dots in them as shown.

    Click the button

    The second step of the Wizard appears as shown right.

    Click the name of the table you wish to use (You can

    see the value of naming your Pivot tables!)

    Click the button

    The last step of the Wizard appears with the options shown right.

    ClickNew worksheet if you wish to have the Pivot Table Reportshown on a new sheet that MicrosoftExcelwill create.

    Select the cell to start the table in and click Finish

    Note If you are creating a new Pivot table, and you have not defined that you wish to base it on an

    existing pivot table which uses the same data Excel will warn you with the following message.

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    10

    Lesson 10: Update orrefresh data shown in the pivot tableWhen PivotTable Reports are refreshed,Excelfinds any new rows within the source range.

    To refresh

    Click the Refresh data button on the PivotTable toolbar.If Microsoft Excel finds a new column (Field) in the source data it will show this on the Pivot

    Table Field List and you can then drag this to a row, column, page or data area as required.

    Remember thatExcelcan refresh the table automatically on opening. Click the Pivot tablebutton

    on the Pivot table toolbar, select Table Options and put a tick in the Refresh on open option.

    Keeping formatting when refreshing

    If you have changed the formatting of the cells (e.g. you make the text bold, italic etc) you may lose

    the text formatting when the table is refreshed.

    In this case:

    Click in the table

    Click on the Pivot table toolbar and select Table Options.

    Make sure there is a tick in Preserve Formatting

    Notes

    Column width changes will be lost unless you have also removed the Autoformat table option

    Any cell borders you set up will also be lost when you refresh the Pivot table

    You cannot use conditional formatting within Pivot tables

    If you refresh a Pivot table which is the basis for another one both will change

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    11

    Lesson 11: Using simple FunctionsIf you place a textfield in the data area the Pivot table will automatically countthe items. If you

    place a numericalfield in the data area the data will be

    added up (summed).

    Using the data shown right, for example, we may want toknow the average number of Mars bars eaten each day by

    each person.

    Producing a Pivot table in the usual way will show the total

    numberof Mars bars eaten by each person each day.

    To change the function used

    Click on the relevant field, e.g. Sum of Number

    Click on Pivot Table on the Pivot table toolbar

    ClickField Settings and you will see the box shown right.

    Click the required function and clickOK

    The field name changes, e.g. Sum of Number becomes

    and the averages would be shown in the

    data area.

    Functions which you can use are:

    Sum: Adds the numbers found in the relevant cells

    Count: Counts the number of items, text and numbers which exist in the relevant cells

    Average: calculates the average of the numbers in the relevant cells

    Max: Finds the largest number existing in the relevant cells

    Min: Finds the smallest number existing in the relevant cells

    Product: Multiplies all numbers in the cells e.g. Product(2,3,4)=24CountNums: Counts the number ofnumbers which exist in the relevant cells

    StDev: Calculates the standard deviation of numbers in relevant cells based on a sample

    StDevp: Calculates the standard deviation of numbers based on the complete population

    Var: Calculates the variance of numbers in relevant cells based on a sample

    Varp: Calculates the variance of numbers in relevant cells based the complete population

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    13

    Lesson 14: Calculating fields and items

    Calculating fields

    You can calculate new fields based on existing ones. For example, if you are dealing with

    Expenses you may wish to produce a forecast of the expenses for the whole year to show against

    the total spent so far.

    To do this, click anywhere within the Pivot Table and

    click on the toolbar or right click in the table

    Select Formulas, Calculated Field

    Click in the Name: box and type a name for the field

    Click in formula and type the formula. E.g. =

    amount*4

    To use a field name click on the name in the box below

    and clickInsert field

    When you are satisfied click

    Add any more fields you require and then click

    Note: When fields are calculated thesum for each field is used in the calculation. E.g. the

    calculation amount*4 would take the sum for each person and multiply it by 4.

    Calculating items

    Suppose you wish to include Public Holidays in the leave total. Lets say that there are 2 holidays

    in June

    Click a specific item heading (either row or column) and click on the toolbar, or rightclick on the heading

    Select Formulas, Calculated Item

    Click in the Name: box, type a name for the field

    Click on the name of the particular item required

    Click in formula and type the formula. E.g. =

    amount*4

    To use a field name click on the name in the box

    below and clickTo use an item name click on the name of the field

    with which you are concerned and then click on the

    item name and click

    When you are satisfied click

    Add any more calculated items you require and then click

    Notes

    Formulae for calculated items operate on the individual records. E.g. June +2 adds two to eachleave occurrence and then sums them

    You cant use calculated items where the Pivot table uses Average, StDev, StDevP, Var or VarP You cant use calculated items in a Pivot Table which is based on another Pivot Table

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    15

    Lesson 16: Relating dataYou may want to see the item totals as percentages of the Grand total.

    Click on the relevant field button, e.g. Sum of Number, (It must be a Data Item, not a heading)

    ClickPivot Table on the Pivot table toolbar,

    Select Field Settings, choose a function and click on the button

    UnderShow data as select one of the options.

    Difference From: shows the difference between each

    number and a Base Field and Base item chosen by you.

    The base field must be different from the original one.

    % of: shows each number as a percentage of a Base

    field and Base item chosen by you. The base field

    must be different from the original one.

    % difference from: Each number shown is the

    difference between the original data and a Base field and base item chosen by you. The base field

    must be different from the original one.

    Running total shows the numbers as running totals according to the field you define. The field

    will either be a row or column heading. And the running total will therefore either go across or

    down the table.

    % of Row shows each number as a percentage of the row total

    % of column which shows each number as a percentage of the column total

    % of column which shows each number as a percentage of the overall total

    Index: Shows the data according to the following formula:

    ( ) ( )lColumnTotaRowTotalDataTotalOfAlllValueInCel

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    16

    Lesson 17: Hiding page itemsIt is possible to hidepage items so that they are not

    listed. In our previous example we have a page listing

    languages spoken. The total native languages used

    within the data Dutch, English, Urdu, Mandarin and

    Russian

    However, we have hidden some of the Native

    Countries from view, so if we choose to view the page

    data for Indian we will get the following result.

    No data is shown here because India has previously been excluded

    from the data shown underWorking Country. This could be

    misleading so you may wish to remove Urdu from the list of

    languages shown underNative Language. (This of course assumesthat only people whos native country is India speak Urdu as their

    Native language which is an unsound presumption but you see

    the principle!)

    To hide a page item:

    Click the Field Settings button on the Pivot Table

    toolbar.

    In Hide items, click each item that you want to hide. The

    items you click will be outlined in blue. (see English and

    Urdu right)

    Make sure each item you wish to show is not outlined in

    blue. (Click the item to remove the blue outlining if you

    wish to show items you previously hid).

    To show row or column headings where there is no data

    under those headings click to add a tick to Show items

    with no data. Remove the tick if the row/columns

    headings are unnecessary

    ClickOK

    When you click the page option box to the hidden items will not be listed.

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    17

    Lesson 18: SubtotalsYou can alter what subtotals show for your data and what function is used where your table has

    more than one row heading and/or more than one column heading.

    For example, the table shown right

    gives thesum of amounts for eachDepartment.

    It may be that you wish to know

    how many claims have been mad

    (count) or what the maximum claim

    was (Max).

    You may even wish to see both

    these items displayed. This is best

    applied to the outercolumn

    headings, i.e. Department

    To add subtotals

    Click on the field button and then click

    on the Pivot table toolbar, or

    alternatively double clickthe field button

    for which you wish to add subtotals. It

    should preferably be an outer row

    heading or upper column heading not a

    page field!

    Click on the function you wish to use. To

    display more than one type of subtotal forthe field click on each function for which

    you want a subtotal. Each one you click

    on will be shown in blue.

    To remove a function, click on it again.

    Exceladds one subtotal line for each function you select.

    (The functions are outlined in Lesson 11: )

    Removing subtotals

    Double click the relevant field name

    To remove allsubtotals for that field click onNone

    To remove specific functions click on each function you do not want so that it is not outlined in

    blue.

    Note You can specify the summary function to use for subtotals only if the field you are subtotaling

    doesn't contain a calculated item.

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    18

    Resetting subtotals

    To go back to the default setting for the subtotals (i.e. a simple total)

    Double click the relevant field name

    ClickAutomatic

    Including Hidden page field items

    Normally hidden items are not included in totals and subtotals.

    To include hidden page field items in the subtotals and Totals (including the Allpage)

    ClickPivotTable on the PivotTable toolbar

    ClickTable Options and click to add a tick in Subtotalhiddenpageitems

    ClickOK

    Lesson 19: Printing Pivot Table ReportsThe Pivot table is printed in the usual way using File, Print or the button, however there are

    some things you will need to consider setting up before you are ready to print the Pivot Table

    Report.

    Exceluses your PivotTable print settings whenever you print any part of a PivotTable report. The

    standard print settings also affect how the PivotTable report looks on the printed page.

    Print area

    The Pivot table must be the only one in the area printed. You may need to set a print area before

    printing. To set the print area:

    ClickPivot table, Select, Entire table and then

    ClickFile, Print Area, Set Print Area

    Notes:

    If you do not set a print area when there are multiple Pivot Tables the rows and columnswith the field and item labels will not be repeated on new pages and page breaks from one

    report can affect the other PivotTable reports.

    If you change the Pivot table such that it changes size you will have to set the Print areaagain

    Repeating Row and column headings on each new pageFirst remove anyPrintTitles already set up:

    Select File, Page setup and click the Sheet tab.

    Make sure that the rows to repeat at top and column to repeat at left boxes are blank

    ClickOK

    Then set theprint titles for the Pivot table:

    Click on the PivotTable toolbar, and then clickTable Options.

    Under in the Formatoptions group, click to add a tick in Set print titles.

    Note: The repeated labels include all row, column, and data field labels and item labels in the

    PivotTable report. If row and column headings change the new headings will be printed.

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    19

    Repeating item labels as relevant on new page

    This applies where there is more than one level of heading and the lower headings are broken

    across a page break

    I.e. in the example shown right the heading 05/09/2002 applies to

    all the headings Stationery, Travel & Subsistence and Software.Where these are all on one page it will appear as shown right. If the

    headings are divided onto different pages we need to have the upper heading 05/09/2002 repeated

    on the second page.

    Thus the last column on the first page will be as shown left, and the

    beginning of the second page will be as shown right 05/09/2002

    being repeated on the second page for clarity.

    To ensure that this will happen:

    Click and select Table options,

    Make sure there is a tick in Repeat item labels on each printed page

    Print the sections of a PivotTable report on separate pages

    You can set the Pivot table Report so that it has page breaks after each item in a main row heading

    at any level but the right most row heading.

    Right-click the field that has the items you want to print on separate pages and select Field Settings

    ClickLayout.

    Click to insert a tick in Insert page break after each

    item

    Note:Excelinserts the page breaks after the last row foreach item, or after the total row for the item if you're

    displaying totals at the bottom for the field. If you select

    the check box to insert a blank row after each item group,

    Excelinserts the page breaks after the blank rows.

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    20

    Lesson 20: Creating a consolidating pivot table report(using multiple ranges)

    When you consolidate data from multiple lists or worksheets, the lists or worksheets must have

    matching row and column names for items that you want to summarize together. Do not include any

    total rows or total columns from the source data when you create the PivotTable or PivotChartreport.

    Examples of two spreadsheets you may wish to summarise are shown below. Notice that one is

    stationery orders placed in January, and the other is stationery orders placed in February.

    Note that the two sets of data do

    not necessarily have to be on

    different sheets, they can be on

    the same sheet, or in different

    files (workbooks).

    Consolidating data using pivot tables

    Select Data, PivotTable and PivotChart Report

    At Step 1 of the Wizard click to add a black dot beside Multiple

    consolidation ranges and make sure PivotTable has a dotbeside it too.

    Click

    From Step 2a of the Wizard select

    I will create the page fields

    Click

    On step 2b click in the Rangebox

    Click on a corner cell of the data range

    on the spreadsheet and drag to the

    opposite corner so that the whole range

    is outlined with a moving dotted line.

    Click the button and the

    range will be copied to the All ranges

    area.

    In How many page fields do you want

    click the 1 option and type a name for

    the range in Field one

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    21

    Click back into the Rangebox and highlight the existing

    range before selecting a new range and clicking Add.

    Once you have clicked Add (not before) you must change

    the name as it will still be the same as the previous range.

    Repeat for any other ranges you require.

    (Use the button to find a range from another file

    (workbook).

    You should reach a position where all the ranges are listed

    and named.

    Click

    From Step 3 select where you wish to place the PivotTable.

    If you select New worksheetExcelwill create a new

    worksheet

    If you select Existing WorksheetExcelwill automatically

    assume that the top left of the PivotTable will be where your cursor is currently. Click on the

    required sheet and cell if necessary.

    Click

    You now have a PivotTable which has summarised the data from all ranges. It can be altered in the

    usual way. For example if the formula used is Count and you wish to use Sum double click on

    , select Sum and clickOK

    You can also use the Page 1 option to see the data from each range. If we had allowed Excel tocreate a single page fieldfor us they would be called simply Item 1, Item 2 etc.

    Note: You could choose to have 0 page fields if you simply want a table that summarises the data,

    and you do not wish to be able to see each set of data separately within the table.

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    22

    Lesson 21: Using AutoformatsWhen a Pivot table is created it has a set format. The format can be changed manually, or you can

    choose from a series of 22 autoformats already created.

    Click in the table

    Click on the format report button on the Pivot Table toolbar

    Move through the 22

    formats using the scroll bar

    until you find one you wish

    to use.

    Click on the format of your

    choice

    ClickOK

    Note These formats will be

    retained when the table is

    refreshed

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    23

    Lesson 22: Creating and printing a pivot chart

    Creating a PivotChart

    You can summarise the data and produce it Chart form. You can start from scratch with the

    original source data or, if you have already produced aPivotTable use that as the source data for the chart.

    If you are creating a PivotChart based on the original list

    of dataExcelwill also create a PivotTable.

    Select Data, PivotTable and PivotChart Report

    ClickPivotChart (with PivotTable)

    ClickMicrosoft Excel list or database oranother

    PivotTable or PivotChart as relevant

    Click

    Select the relevant range (or PivotTable)

    Click

    Define where you wish to place the PivotTable (Charts are always

    based on a table). The PivotChart will automatically be placed on

    a new sheet.

    Click

    You will then see the

    basis for the chart

    with the PivotTable

    toolbar. Drag each

    field name to the

    relevant part of the

    chart from the Pivot

    Table Field List

    Data items are those

    for which you wantbars.

    Page fields are items

    you would like a different chart for (e.g. drag name there to see a chart for each person).

    The Drop more series fields here area will colour each item in that field differently.

    Drop more category field here is for fields whose items you wish to see along the horizontal axis.

    E.g. The following chart has:

    Where as a page field, so we would see different charts forkitchen and Lounge

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    Numberas a data field (if we require another function e.g. count we can double click on the

    button to change it)

    Time of day as a more series field so that am is shown in one colour and pm in another.

    Name andDate as column fields. Note that the order of these field buttons as shown is important.

    Name is the leftmostbutton and is therefore the lowestitem on the horizontal axis. Date is on the

    right and is therefore the subsidiary item on the axis.

    You could change Sum of numberto showNumber eaten by double clicking on the button and

    changing the name.

    Printing a Pivot chart

    Print in the usual way. Make sure the PivotChart sheet is current and select File, Print