Microscopes

Joy Aun and Zarif ChoudhuryMs.Carlisle HSMSE DDP 2/5/15

Table of ContentsI. What are simple machines?

II. What are microscopes? III. Microscopes Over Time IV. Types of MicroscopesV. Parts of a Microscope

VI. How do Optical Microscopes work?VII. How do Electron Microscopes work?

VIII. ConclusionIX. BIbliography

I. What are simple machines? - Google defines a simple

machine as “any of the basic mechanical devices for applying a force.”

- Some examples include levers, a wheel and axle, inclined plane, or wedge.

II. What are microscopes?- Microscopes are optical instruments

that allow people to view objects in higher magnifications.

- Some uses for microscopes include looking at different types of cells.

III. Microscopes Over Time Salvino D'Armate made the first eye glass which allowed someone to have magnification in one eye.

The first compound microscope was created in the Netherlands by Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist created the first ‘real’ microscope.

Ernst Ruska created the transmission electron microscope which was considered the first electron microscope.

1931

Max Knoll developed the scanning electron microscope

1934 The first scanning tunneling microscope was created by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer

19811590

1700

There has been a large rise on fluorescence & structured illumination.

21st Century

1300

IV. Types of Microscopes 1. Compound: 2D images, light

illuminated, high magnification low resolution

2. Dissection/Stereoscope: 3D image, light illuminated, low magnification

3. Scanning Electron: 3D image, high magnification + high resolution, electrons bounces of specimen to provide the image

4. Transition Electron: 2D image, high magnification, high resolution

V. Parts of a Microscope1. Eye Piece 2. Tube: Connects eyepiece to objective lenses3. Illuminator/ Mirror: Light source for the

microscope4. Stage: The sample is put here5. Revolving Nosepiece: Used to adjust your power6. Objective Lenses: lenses that magnify the

sample; usually has 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x power

7. Condenser Lens: Focuses light on the sample8. Diaphragm/Iris: Adjusts the intensity of the

light to the sample

VI. How do optical microscopes work? - The optical microscope is also known

as the light microscope because it uses a light source and a condenser.

1. The microscope must gather light from an area of the illuminated specimen, using a small and spherical objective lens.

2. Then, an image of the object is magnified by a second lens, the ocular lens, also known as the eye piece.

VII. How do electron microscopes work? 1. A high voltage stream of electrons is

formed from its source 2. This high voltage stream is accelerated

in a vacuum toward the sample 3. The stream is confined and focused

using metal apertures and magnetic lenses

4. There are interactions between the electron stream and the sample is recorded and transferred into an image.

VIII. Conclusion - Microscopes allow us to look at the tiny things that we aren’t able

to see with our naked eye.- Different types of microscopes have different functions that can

give you high quality images or low quality images with different magnifications

- The development of the microscope has allowed us to develop many of the branches of science especially biology and studies on life.

IX. Bibliography Freudenrich, Ph.D. "How Light Microscopes Work: The Basics." HowStuffWorks.

HowStuffWorks.com. Web. 7 Feb. 2015. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1.htm>.

"History of Optical Light Microscopes." History of the Microscope. 1 Jan. 2010. Web. 4 Feb. 2015. <www.history-of-the-microscope.org>.

Macaulay, David, and Neil Ardley. The New Way Things Work. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print."The Microscope ." The Parts of a Microscope. Web. 6 Feb. 2015.

<http://www.microscope-microscope.org/basic/microscope-parts.htm>."Types of Microscopes." Types of Microscopes. Web. 6 Feb. 2015.

<http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbiws/microscopes/types.html>. “What Is an Electron Microscope (EM) and How Does It Work?” Web. 6 Feb. 2015.

<http://www.va.gov/DIAGNOSTICEM/What_Is_Electron_Microscopy_and_How_Does_It_Work.asp>