MicroRNA in Development and in the Progression of Cancer

Shree Ram Singh · Pranela RameshwarEditors

MicroRNA in Development and in the Progression of Cancer

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ISBN 978-1-4899-8064-9 ISBN 978-1-4899-8065-6 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-8065-6Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014934840

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EditorsShree Ram SinghNational Cancer Institute Frederick MarylandUSA

Pranela RameshwarNew Jersey Medical School, RutgersNewarkNew JerseyUSA

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Preface

In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been emerged as important players in physiological as well as malignant processes. Early research in developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans) led to the discovery of lin-4, the first miRNA gene. Since then, studies have shown shown that miRNAs can participate in several developmental and disease processes, including embryogenesis, organ development, cellular proliferation, differentiation, developmental timing, cell cycle regulation, stem cell fate determination, aging, host–pathogen interactions, various human diseases, including heart diseases, muscular disorders and neurodegenerative dis-eases, diabetes, hypertension, renal dysfunction, chronic hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), autoimmune disorders, cancer, obesity, and apoptosis.

miRNAs are a class of endogenous, small, non-protein-coding RNA molecules (~ 22 nucleotides), which are novel posttranscriptional regulators of gene expres-sion. Using molecular cloning and bioinformatics prediction strategies, hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in worms, flies, fish, frogs, mammals, and flower-ing plants. The human genome may encode over 1000 miRNAs, which may target about 60 % of mammalian genes and are abundant in many human cell types. Since we have hundreds of miRNAs, the major challenge is now to understand their spe-cific biological function. In fact, the experimental evidence suggests that signaling pathways could be ideal candidates for miRNA-mediated regulation. It is interest-ing to note that several studies suggests that miRNAs affect the responsiveness of cells to signaling molecules such as WNT, Notch, TGF-β, and EGFR.

Altered expression of particular miRNAs has been implicated in the onset and development of cancer and could be used as potential biomarkers for disease diag-nosis. Recently, many studies have found that miRNAs have crucial regulatory roles in cancer stem cells (CSCs), a kind of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and dormancy. Findings also suggest that DNA methylation may be important in regulating the ex-pression of many miRNAs in several cancer-initiating cells. Several miRNAs are known to be either upregulated or downregulated in CSCs when compared to non-cancerous cells from the same tissues. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cells identi-fied in a variety of tumors and involved in self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, chemoresistance, and tumorigenesis. Therefore, these fields have been highlighted as important advancements due to their potential to further elucidate diseases and therapeutic perspectives.

vi Preface

miRNAs have the capacity to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In ad-dition, due to their small size and molecular properties, we can manipulate them as targets and therapeutics in several diseases, including cancer treatment. MicroRNA in Development and in the Progression of Cancer is divided in three parts. It provides a more complete understanding of miRNA function, summarizes the recent prog-ress, provides insights by which miRNAs regulate normal development and diseases (including cancers) and the fate of stem cells. It also presents the prospect of the great potential of miRNAs in CSCs and therapeutic advances for cancer treatment.

We would like to thank Fiona Sarne, acquisitions editor, Cancer Research at Springer, for editorial guidance and assistance throughout preparation of the book for publication. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation and grati-tude to the contributors for sharing their precious expertise with the microRNA and cancer research community. The editors and the authors hope that the collection of chapters in this work will provide a comprehensive overview of this important field.

Shree Ram Singh Pranela Rameshwar

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Contents

Part I The Functions and Mechanisms of MicroRNAs

1 miRNA Biogenesis and Function .............................................................. 3Abigail F. Olena and James G. Patton

2 MicroRNAs in Cancer Progression .......................................................... 29Omozusi Andrews and James G. Patton

3 MicroRNA, DNA Repair, and Cancer ...................................................... 47Hailiang Hu

Part II MicroRNAs in Stem Cells and Progression of Cancer

4 Role of MicroRNAs in Stem Cell Regulation and Tumorigenesis in Drosophila .............................................................. 69Stephanie Rager, Brian Chan, Lyric Forney and Shree Ram Singh

5 MicroRNAs in Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells .................................. 81Ryan D. Mohan, Bernadette Bibber, Garima Sinha, Shyam A. Patel and Pranela Rameshwar

6 MicroRNAs in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer Progression ................................................................. 103George R. Nahas, Bernadette M. Bibber and Pranela Rameshwar

7 MicroRNAs in Development and Progression of Breast Cancer ........... 117Muthusawamy Thangraju and Ashok Jain

8 The Role of MicroRNAs in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia Development ...................................................................... 139Safak Yalcin, Stephen S. Chung and Christopher Y. Park

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9 MicroRNAs and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ................................. 159Heba Degheidy, Siddha Kasar, Chingiz Underbayev, Yao Yuan, Smruti Mehta, Marilyn Lightfoote, Gerald Marti and Elizabeth Raveche

10 The Role of miRNAs in the Development of Normal Pancreas and Pancreatic Cancer, and Their Roles in Tumor Progression ................................................................................. 179Yiwei Li, Dejuan Kong, Aamir Ahmad, Bin Bao and Fazlul H. Sarkar

11 Epigenetic Regulation of microRNA Genes in Colorectal Cancer ........ 199Hiromu Suzuki, Eiichiro Yamamoto and Reo Maruyama

12 MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of Kidney Cancer ... 213Sharanjot Saini, Sumit Arora, Shahana Majid, Hiroshi Hirata and Rajvir Dahiya

13 MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of Skin Cancer ........ 243Vivek Choudhary, Meg Gullotto, Lisa Sato and Wendy B. Bollag

14 MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer ...................................................................................... 265Nagalakshmi Nadiminty, Ramakumar Tummala and Allen C. Gao

15 MicroRNAs in Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancer ........ 287Monika Sangwan and Neetu Dahiya

Part III Role of MicroRNA and Potential Cancer Therapeutics

16 MicroRNA and Cancer Drug Resistance ................................................. 305Daohong Chen and Harikrishna Nakshatri

17 Microvesicular Transfer of MicroRNA in Tumor Microenvironment ..................................................................................... 327Krishna C. Vallabhaneni, Patrice Penfornis, J. Griffin Orr, Krishna Chauhan and Radhika Pochampally

18 MicroRNA Cancer Therapeutics and the Challenge of Drug Delivery ......................................................................................... 349Steven J. Greco, Jessian L. Munoz and Pranela Rameshwar

19 MicroRNA and Drug Delivery .................................................................. 359Joseph S. Fernandez-Moure, Jeffrey Van Eps, Bradley K. Weiner, Mauro Ferrari and Ennio Tasciotti

Index .................................................................................................................. 405

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Contributors

Aamir Ahmad Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA

Omozusi Andrews Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

Sumit Arora Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Bin Bao Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA

Bernadette Bibber Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA

Wendy B Bollag Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA

Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medicine, Oral Biology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

Brian Chan Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, and Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA

Krishna Chauhan Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

Daohong Chen Departments of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

x Contributors

Vivek Choudhary Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA

Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

Stephen S. Chung Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA

Department of Medicine and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

Neetu Dahiya Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Rajvir Dahiya Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Heba Degheidy OSEL, CDRH, FDA, White Oak, MD, USA

Joseph S. Fernandez-Moure Department of Surgery and Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Mauro Ferrari Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Lyric Forney Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, and Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA

Allen C. Gao Department of Urology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA

Steven J. Greco Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA

Meg Gullotto Department of Medical Illustration, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

Hiroshi Hirata Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Hailiang Hu Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Ashok Jain Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, GA, USA

Siddha Kasar Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

Dejuan Kong Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA

xiContributors

Yiwei Li Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA

Marilyn Lightfoote OSEL, CDRH, FDA, White Oak, MD, USA

Shahana Majid Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Gerald Marti OSEL, CDRH, FDA, White Oak, MD, USA

Reo Maruyama Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan

Smruti Mehta Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

Ryan D. Mohan Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA

Jessian L. Munoz Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA

Nagalakshmi Nadiminty Department of Urology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA

George R. Nahas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA

Harikrishna Nakshatri Departments of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Abigail F. Olena Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

J. Griffin Orr Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

Christopher Y. Park Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA

Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Shyam A. Patel Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA

James G. Patton Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

Patrice Penfornis Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

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Radhika Pochampally Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

Stephanie Rager Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, and Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA

Pranela Rameshwar Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA

Elizabeth Raveche Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

Sharanjot Saini Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Monika Sangwan University of Toronto, Genetics and Development Division, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Fazlul H. Sarkar Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

Lisa Sato Department of Medical Illustration, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

Shree Ram Singh Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, and Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA

Garima Sinha Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA

Hiromu Suzuki Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan

Ennio Tasciotti Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Muthusawamy Thangraju Cancer Research Center, Georgia Health Science University, Augusta, GA, USA

Ramakumar Tummala Department of Urology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA

Chingiz Underbayev Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

Krishna C Vallabhaneni Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

Contributors

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Jeffrey Van Eps Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Department of Surgery and Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Bradley K. Weiner Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Department of Surgery and Surgical Advanced Technologies Lab, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Safak Yalcin Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA

Eiichiro Yamamoto Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan

Yao Yuan Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

Contributors