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Microprocessor Systems
Networks and Embedded Systems
First Grade Level
Wolfgang Neff
Microprocessor Systems (1)
• Microprocessor System
31-Aug-20 2
Micro-processor
(CPU)
Main Memory
Peripherals
Control Bus
Address Bus
Data Bus
Microprocessor Systems
Microprocessor Systems (2)
• Microcontroller / System on a Chip (SoC)
31-Aug-20 3Microprocessor Systems
Microcontroller
MainMemory
Peripherals
PortPort
InterfacesFlash
MemoryMicro-
processor
Microprocessor Systems (3)
• Microprocessor
31-Aug-20 4
Execution Unit
ControlUnit
Control Bus
Address Bus
Data Bus
Registers
ALU
Bus Interface Unit
Microprocessor Systems
Microprocessor Systems (4)
• Information Flow
31-Aug-20 5
Memory
007h006h005h
003h004h
002h001h000h
Execution Unit
ControlUnit
Registers
ALU
Bus
Microprocessor
Dat
a
Inst
ruct
ion
s
Microprocessor Systems
Memory (1)
• Memory Access
31-Aug-20 6
Micro-processor
Address = 002h
Data = 4
Read = 1
Memory
0 003h
4 002hy
0 001hx0 000h
Cell AddressName
Micro-processor
Address = 002h
Data = 4
Write = 1
Memory
0 003h
0 002hy
0 001hx0 000h
Cell AddressName
Compiler stuff(not in storage)
Microprocessor Systems
Memory (2)
• Memory Hierarchy
– Motto: the faster the smaller
– Data is copied between different hierarchies
– Heavily used data is close to the microprocessor
31-Aug-20 Microprocessor Systems 7
Registers
SuperfastVery expensive
Tiny
Cache
Very fastExpensive
Small
MainMemory
FastModerate
Reasonable
SecondaryMemory
SlowCheapLarge
Peripherals (1)
• Examples
– Computers
• Storage: hard disk drive, SSD
• Input devices: keyboard, mouse
• Output devices: monitor, printer, speaker
– Mobile Phone
• Storage: flash, SD memory card
• Input devices: touch screen, camera
• Further devices: accelerometer, GPS
31-Aug-20 8Microprocessor Systems
• Characteristics
– Independent devices
• Have their own controller
• Have their own register set
– Data exchange necessary
• Host/Device connection
• Connected via interface
– Operate asynchronously
• Device acts independently from host
Peripherals (2)
31-Aug-20 9Microprocessor Systems
Peripherals (3)
• Architecture
31-Aug-20 10
Peripheral
Registers
Controller
Control StatusData
Operating System
Device Driver
Hardware
Software
Microprocessor Systems
Peripherals (4)
• Register Set
– Data Register
• Used to transfer data to and from the deviceExample: the text a printer should print
– Control Register
• Tells the device what to doExample: print out a color copy
– Status Register
• Reports what the device is doingExample: printer has stopped as it is out of paper
31-Aug-20 Microprocessor Systems 11
Peripherals (5)
• Communication
– Polling
• Device is polled if it is ready to receive data
• Device is polled if new data is available
31-Aug-20 12Microprocessor Systems
Host Device
Device ready?
Yes/no
Peripherals (6)
• Communication (continued)
– Interrupt
• Device indicates that it is ready receive data
• Device indicates that new data is available
31-Aug-20 13Microprocessor Systems
Host DeviceDevice is ready
Indicator line
Development Boards (1)
• Basic Idea
– Prototype board
• Concept testing
– Components
• Microcontroller
• Power supply
• Pin breakout
• Connection to Host
• Status indicators
31-Aug-20 Microprocessor Systems 14
Connection to Host
Power supply
Pin
Bre
ako
ut
Mic
roco
ntr
olle
r
USB
PW
R
GND
D2
Power LED
Development Boards (2)
• Example: DOIT Esp32 Devkit V1
31-Aug-20 Microprocessor Systems 15
Power Supply
Microcontroller
Power LED
Pin Breakout
User Button
Host Connection
