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Microphotonic Harsh Environment Sensors for Clean Fuel and Power
GenerationHai Xiao, Hai-Lung Tsai, James A. DrallmeierMissouri
University of Science and TechnologyTel: (573) 341-6887, Email:
[email protected]
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Presentation OutlineSensors for Energy Systems: Survive the
harsh environments
Physical Sensors: Design and fabricate photonic microdevices for
high performance and robustness
Chemical Sensors: Harvest the nanoproperties and bridge the
nano-macro gap
Summary and Plan Ahead
Acknowledgement
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Sensors for Energy SystemsEnergy systems Oil/gas extractionFuel
cellsCoal fired power plants Coal or biomass gasifiersGeothermal,
wind, nuclear-based power generations
Operations need to be monitored in situ and continuously for
improved reliability, availability and maintainability
Harsh conditions through out the operations, no sensors
availableHigh temperature (up to 1600oC)High pressure (up to 20,000
psi)Particulates, slagCorrosive/erosive atmosphere
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Prioritized Sensing NeedsIGCC based Near Zero Emission
CoGeneration PlantAir Separation
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Optical Fiber SensorsOptical fiber: A light pipe made of fused
silica materials
Fiber sensors: proven advantages for applications in hostile
environmentsSmall size/lightweightImmunity to electromagnetic
interference (EMI) Resistance to chemical corrosionHigh temperature
capability High sensitivityremote operationMultiplexing and
distributed sensingTotal internal reflection when n1 > n2
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Hermetically Packed EFPIHermetic packaging (survived 800oC and
20,000 psiDownhole temperature and pressure measurement Extrinsic
Fabry-Perot Interferometer (EFPI)Pressure measurement up to 8500psi
@ 250oC
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Assembly Free Inline FPIInline FPI fabricated by one-step
femtosecond laser micromachiningHigh-T capability (1100oC)
Simultaneous measurement of T, P, AcousticRI measurement through
the open cavityTemperature dependent RI of water
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Long Period Fiber GratingLPFG fabricated by periodic CO2 laser
irradiations: High resonance strength (~30dB)Small FWHM (~10nm)Low
insertion loss: ~1dBSurvived up to 800CMeasurements of T, P, ,
RI
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LPFG-based MZI and MIMach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and
Michelson interferometer (MI) formed by LPFGsLPFG coupling light
from core to cladding Core-cladding mode interferenceHigh-T
capability and self-compensation for temperature drift
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Inline CCMI Sensors Novel inline core-cladding mode
interferometers (CCMI) fabricated by CO2 laser
irradiationsMach-Zehnder and Michelson typesSimple structure, easy
to fabricateHigh-T capability (1100oC), excellent temperature
stabilityMeasurements of T, P, , RIL=10mm
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Chemical Sensors ConceptNanocrystalline doped ceramic coated
long period fiber grating (LPFG) Device: resonance wavelength of
LPFG is very sensitive to environmental refractive index change
Mechanism: chemical sorption induced refractive index changes
(n) of the coated ceramic thin film
Detection: Shift in the resonance wavelength () of LPFGTypical
LFPG transmission spectrum
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Doped Ceramic Coated LPFG for Syngas Monitoring
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SCZY-LPFG H2 Sensor in Complex Gas MixturesLarge range for bulk
detection @ 500oCMinimal interferences from other co-existing gases
Excellent reproducibility of sensor fabricationSensor response to
H2 concentration variation in simulated syngas stream @ 500oC
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CDZ-LPFG for CO DetectionHighly sensitive (ppm) and reversible
CO detection @ 500oClR vs. CO concentration in N2/CO2Reversibility
and response time
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Zeolite Thin Film Chemical Sensors
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Zeolite-Coated LPFGZeoliteLPFG is an excellent chemical
sensorResponse to tolueneResponse to isopropanolActual deviceHighly
sensitive (~ppb)Works for vapors and liquids
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Summary and Plan AheadSummarySuccessful demonstrations of harsh
environment physical and chemicalmicrophotonic sensors in labs.
Plan aheadMake them better (design, modeling, fabrication and
packaging) Inputs/collaborations with industry and end users
(design for applications)Multidisciplinary collaborations(e.g.,
engine design and diagnosis, fuel cell operations, device
fabrication, materials/components reliability monitoring)
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AcknowledgementFunding supports: DoE/NETL (DE-FC26-05NT42439,
DE-NT0008062)ONR-YIP (N00014-07-0008)NSF (CMMI-0825942)Sandia
National Laboratories (SNL-SURP)
CollaboratorsProf. Junhang Dong, Chemical Engineering,
University of CincinnatiProf. Jerry Lin, Chemical Engineering,
Arizona State University
Students MST: T. Wei, X. Lan, Y. Han, Y. Zhang, J. Montoya, S.
Saini, H. DuanUC: J. Zhang, X. TangASU: X. Wei
