Microorganisms in Our Everyday Life

7/25/2019 Microorganisms in Our Everyday Life

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Micro-organisms

in our everyday

life

Made by: - R.christian sugantharaj

Class: - 11-b


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MICROORG

!I"M" I! O#R

$%$R&'& (I)$In our everyday life *e come across many +lants

and animals. ,o*ever there are many other

living organisms around us *hich *e cant see

through naed eyes. /hese organisms are called

Micro- Organisms. /hese Organisms can only be

seen through Microsco+e. /hey are measured inmicrons and millimicrons. $0am+les are %irus

bacteria algae fungi and +roto2oan lie moeba

3lasmodium.

MICRO-ORG!I"M"


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/&3$" O) MICRO-ORG!I"M":-

1.%IR#":-

%irus is a (atin *ord *hich means +oison. %iruses

are the smallest and sim+lest of all living

organisms. /he study of viruses is called %irology.

%iruses sho* both living and non-living

characteristics. /hey are considered as being onthe border line bet*een living and non-living

organisms.

Common ailments lie cold in4uen2a 54u6 and

most coughs are caused by viruses. "erious

diseases lie +olio and chicen +o0 are also

caused by viruses.

'i7erent ty+es of %iruses

8.9C/$RI:-

9acteria are unicellular andmicrosco+ic

belonging to the *orld of microbes. /he study of

bacteria is called 9acteriology. 9acteria *ere rst


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observed under a microsco+e by the 'utch

"cientist nton %on (eeu*enhoe in 1;och and (ord (ister carried

out detailed studies on bacteria.9acteria are

measured in microns. 1 micron ? 1@1AAA

millimetre. 'iseases lie dysentery and malaria

are caused by +roto2oans *hereas ty+hoid and

tuberculosis 5/96 are bacterial diseases.

9acteria

B.(G$:-

Chlamydomonas is a unicellular green algae. It iss+herical or oval in sha+e. /he +roto+lasm is

surrounded by a cellulose cell *all. /he study of

algae is called 3hycology.

$0am+les:-"+irogyra Chlamydomonas is in the

given g etc.


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.)#!GI:-

&east is a unicellular sa+ro+hytic fungus. /he cell

is oval sha+ed. /he cyto+lasm sho*s the

+resence of organelles lie endo+lasmic

reticulum ribosome mitochondria etc. )ungi do

not +ossess chloro+hyll. ,ence they are

inca+able of +hotosynthesis. /he study of fungi is

called Mycology. /hey lead a +arasitic or

sa+ro+hytic mode of life.


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&east Cell

9read Mould

blac +o*dery s+ot *ith a net*or of thread

lie laments called hy+hae is called mycelium5bread mould6 *hich changes the colour of the

bread.

=. 3RO/ODO:-3roto2oans are unicellular

organisms. Metabolic activities are done by

organelles. 3roto2oans sho* mainly t*o modes

of life free living and +arasitic. )ree living

organisms inhabit fresh and salt *ater. 3arasitic

forms live as ecto+arasites or endo+arasites.

/hey cause diseases.

#ses of Microorganisms In Medicine

agriculture industry and daily living.

Microorganisms are used in the manufacture of

antibiotics linen bread *ine beer and the other

industries. Microorganisms are used to enrich the

soil fertility.

Ehat is antibioticF


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ntimicrobial agents *hich are useful medicines

or drugs and are e0tracted from the

microorganisms are called antibiotics. 9acteria

)ungi are used to mae antibiotics vaccines etc.

le0ander )leming of 9ritain

In 18H discovered the

Eonder

'rug 3enicillin.

Role of Micro- Organisms in

griculture:-

9acteria convert com+le0

+roteins in the dead bodies of +lants and animals

into ammonia nitrites and nitrates.

/he follo*ing bacteria are involved in enrichingsoil fertility:

mmonifying bacteria:- e.g. 9acillus ramosus

!itrifying bacteria:- e.g.!itrobacter

!itrosommonas.

!itrogen-0ing bacteria:- e.g. 2atobactorClostridium Rhi2obium5Root nodules bacteria6.

%arious blue green algae lie Oscillatoria

nabaena and !ostoc increase thesoil fertility by


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0ing atmos+heric nitrogen.

Root !odule

Role of microorganisms in industry and daily

living:-1.Curing of tea@Co7ee: /he leaves of tea

tobacco the beans of co7ee and cocoa are

fermented by the activity of 9acillus

megaterium to im+art the characteristic4avour. /his is called curing.

8. 3roduction of %inegar: (actobacillus lactis

5lactic acid bacteria6 converts mil +rotein

into curd. %inegar is manufactured from

sugar solution em+loying cetobacter aceti

by the fermentation +rocess.B.3roduction of lcohol: 9utyl alcohol methyl

alcohols are +re+ared from molasses by the

fermentation activity of Clostridium

acetobutylicum. lginic acid is obtained from

bro*n algae.


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. 3roduction of O0alic acid: O0alic acid is the

fermentation +roduct of fungi s+ergillus

!iger.

,RM)#( MICRO-ORG!I"M":-

Microorganisms cause damage to the +lants and

food materials. /hey contaminate food *hich

leads to food +oisoning. In4uence of

microorganism on +lants and

nimals reduce the maret value of their +roduct.

%iruses bacteria fungi +roto2oa and certain

*orms are the main organisms causing diseases.

/o cause disease they must rst gain entry into

the body. "uch entry must be either through the

sin or through the nose into the res+iratory

system or through the mouth to the alimentary

canal./he method of carrying these disease

organisms to the body is varied. /he carriers of

disease organisms are called vectors.

Communicable diseases are +athogenic diseases

*hich s+read from +erson to +erson either

directly or indirectly.

'isease caused by Micro-Organisms in ,uman

beings and nimals:-

3athogen 'iseases Mode of

/ransmission

%IR#" Common ir *ater direct


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cold 3olio.

,e+atitis

In4uen2a

Jaundice.

I'"

contact.

"e0ual Contact)#!GI thletes feet "+ores in *ater

and in ground.9C/$RI Cholera

/y+hoid etc.

Contaminated

*ater.

3RO/ODO! Malaria %ector mosKuito

'isease caused by Micro LOraganisms on

+lants:-

Micro-Organisms 'iseases 9C/$RI Citrus Caner

Eilt of 3otato

9acterial blight in Rice )#!GI /ia disease of

groundnut

9last disease of rice %IR#" 9unchy to+ of 9anana

/obacco Mosaic disease

Cucumber Mosaic

disease.


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Citrus Caner

Cucumber Mosaic

MICRO9$" I! )OO' 3R$"$R%/IO!:-

)ood +reservation is the +rocess of handling food

to sto+ or greatly slo* do*n the s+oilage caused

or accelerated by micro -organisms.Canning

3asteuri2ation refrigeration dehydration the use

of +reservatives heating boiling and drying are

the e7ective methods of controlling

microorganisms.

R$(/IO!",I3 9$/E$$! MICRO9 !' M!:-

1. "ocial 9iology:-"ocial biology is the study of

ho* man lives *ith other men *ith animals and

+lants and ho* he a7ects each of these.

8. /he role of microbes in genetic engineering:-

Gene transfer by virus and bacteria. %iruses are

useful in genetic engineering. /heir ability to

move genetic information from one cell to

another maes them useful for cloning '! and

could +rovide a *ay to deliver gene thera+y

5transformation6.


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B.9acteria and nature:-"a+ro+hytic bacteria

and fungi cause decay and decom+osition of

dead bodies of +lants and animals. /hey release

gases and salts to the atmos+here and soil.

,ence the microorganisms lie bacteria and

fungi are no*n as !atures scavengers.

.lgal bloom:-#nder certain conditions

algae +roduce bloomsN i.e. dense masses of

materials that cover the *ater surface thereby

decrease the o0ygen content of *ater. /his is

follo*ed by the death of aKuaticorganisms. lgal

bloom leads to loss of s+ecies diversity *hich is

no*n as $utro+hication. lgae bloom in a lae:-

=. 3athology is a science *hich deals *ith

diseases of +lants animals and human beingscaused by viruses bacteria and fungi.

Man and microbes are in the bios+here. Mans

interference *ith nature has caused imbalance in

the bios+here. Man has to bring certain healthy

changes in the eld of agriculture and in industry

in order to mae a better habitat for his ha++y


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living *ith micro -organisms. (et us start to

create an eco-friendly nature for our better

future.

$arth +rovides enough to satisfy everymans

need

but not every mans greed.- M,/M G!',I.

Documents

Microorganisms in Our Everyday Life