MICROCONTROLLER CONTROLLER BASED TRAFFIC VIOLATION CONTROL SYSTEM USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

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International Journal of Electronics,

Communication & Instrumentation EngineeringResearch and Development (IJECIERD)

ISSN 2249-684XVol. 2 Issue 4 Dec 2012 63-70

© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.,

MICROCONTROLLER CONTROLLER BASED TRAFFIC VIOLATION CONTROL

SYSTEM USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

DHAVAL SHAH, MANAN SHETH, SHIVAL TRIVEDI & SHIVANG BAKLIWAL

ABSTRACT

A system for monitoring traffic at the traffic intersection and reporting incidences of red light violations is presented in this

paper. A working model of this proposed system has been developed and verified experimentally. The system comprises of an infrared

(IR) transmitter and a receiver unit for detection of red light violation. Also for identifying the vehicle violating the law, microcontroller

triggered wireless mobile communication network is used. The microcontroller is programmed automatically which sends a message

containing the car license no, date and time of breaking the rule to the numbers of traffic control units stored previously to the cell phone

directory. Upon detection of the offender, the corresponding action can be performed by the traffic monitoring system.

KEYWORDS: Microcontroller, Infrared (IR) Transmitter and Receiver,Wireless Communication, Traffic Control, Red Light

Violation

INTRODUCTION

Real-time traffic signal control is an integral part of the urban traffic control system, and providing effective real-

time traffic signal control for a large complex traffic network is an extremely challenging distributed control

problem.[1]

Traffic signals, using the concept of time separation, are developed to reduce vehicle crashes at intersections.

Dissent of traffic laws is severely hindering the safety of the road traffic system. According to an in-depth investigation of

road accidents in France, 92% of traffic accidents are preceded by at least one traffic law violation (Rhodes, 1989).

But motorization is increasing even faster than road death and injury (Jacobs et al., 2000). Many countries have

experienced rapid growth in their motor vehicle fleet. As said by Government of India, Minister of Road Transport and

Highways Transport Research Wing, New Delhi, between 1970 and 2010, there has been an increase of 82 times in the

number of registered motors. Also crash statistics have debilitated due to the ever-growing number of vehicles on the road

and this situation is becoming a major concern of Federal, State and local authorities. Furthermore, many drivers do not

accord with traffic signal indications (Retting et al., 1999). More than one million motor-vehicle crashes occur annually at

traffic signals in the United States (USDOT, 1993) are majorly due to non-compliance of drivers to the traffic signals. In

addition to that, a review of 4,526 police-reported crashes in four U.S. cities revealed that running red lights and other

traffic-control devices such as stop signs is the most frequent type of collision in urban areas, and the occupant injuries

occurred in 45 percent of the red light running crashes, compared with 30 percent for other crash types (Retting et al.,

1995). This intimates that reductions in red light running crashes at road intersections would be especially propitious in

reducing urban crash losses.

Probably, the most notable developments have been systems involving the use of digital video recording (Rahman

et al., 2003) with image processing, and system for electronic recognition and identification of a vehicle. Through mutual

technology transfer between consumer and professional video recorders, the last 20 years has witnessed a rapid evolution

from analog to digital recording.[2]

Even though certain countries have used photo-enforcement with some degrees of success, current systems of

traffic enforcement using photographic techniques have certain loopholes that generally do not facilitate effective



64

automation and validation of the photogra

is usually inefficacious to provide a trigge

the time of receiving image is identical. A

speed pricey communications lines to mee

must be collected manually.

Thus, in this research, a system

advantages over the conventional automat

the communication technologies, the de

ubiquitous IT project, which aims to comb

ubiquitous wireless communication netwo

used, which makes the system not only a

even when the number of vehicles is large

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM

The overall traffic violation processing sys

Fig. 1: Block Diagram Re

The controlling of traffic violati

identification of the vehicle involved. Th

identifying the vehicles microcontroller tri

numerous specific details are set forth in o

Dhaval Shah, Manan Sheth, Shival

phs required for effective use as legal evidence. Moreov

r point that is sufficiently consistent to ensure that the p

dditionally, systems using digital cameras either require

the demands of communicating high-resolution images,

which is simple, cheap, reliable, and of course offers

d systems has been thought of. With the rapid develop

and for wireless communication is increasing.[3]

Ma

ine the latest wireless network and wide-band technolog

rk.[4]

Here, microcontroller controlled wireless communi

tomatic but also flexible. It also makes the system sim

and also helps the system to keep in pace with the motion

tem of the proposed design is shown in Fig. 1.

resentation of the Proposed Traffic Violation Process

n processing system mainly comprises (I) detection o

e IR transmitter and IR receiver cover the violation d

ggered mobile communication system is deployed. For t

der to provide a cogent understanding of the present inv

rivedi & Shivang Bakliwal

r, the detection system

sitioning of vehicles at

the availability of high-

or else images and data

at least some primitive

ent of the network and

y governments deploy

ies etc. to accomplish a

cation system has been

ple to track the vehicle

of the running body.

ing System

the violation, and (II)

tection unit, while, for

e intent of explanation,

ntion.



Microcontroller Controller Based Traffic Violatio

Fig. 2: Detect

DETECTION OF VIOLATION

Fig. 2 shows the violation detec

systems use intrusive sensors, which incl

probes, pneumatic road tubes, piezoelect

detectors are usually installed at locatio

technologies are common to systems for

detection of specific kinds of violations. I

intended to be used as a wireless sensor n

of traffic signal violation. For example, th

mum range and the linear distortion was s

post is ON, it will switch on the IR trans

car at the lower part of the vehicle. CMOS

an alleged offender commits an offense at

stop, the detector in the car will receive th

IDENTIFICATION OF THE VEHI

The hardware unit embracing the

microcontroller operated automatic mobile

This system centres on AT89S52

for data processing.[8][9]

. It has higher p

connected through operational amplifiers

attached to the input of the microcontroll

connected to the bidirectional I/O port PC

transmitter, it passes the signal to the ope

n Control System Using Wireless Communication

ion of the Violation Units of the Proposed System

tion unit of the proposed scheme. Most conventional

de inductive loop detectors (Zhang et al., 2004; Oh et

ic cables and other weigh-in-motion sensors for detec

s convenient for operating an advanced traffic manag

detecting different violations, whereas, others are par

this proposed system, infrared radiation (IR) transmitt

twork with detection accuracy as good as that of an indu

measured resolution was within several hundred nanom

ignificantly lower than the inductive sensor.[6]

When th

itters which continuously emit IR signals. The IR detec

-compatible thermopile detectors are widely used for IR

an intersection by violating the red light and crossing t

IR signal from the IR transmitter.

LE INVOLVED

identification of the vehicle violating the traffic rule mai

communication system as shown in Fig. 3.

, single chip high-performance microcomputer used as

ecision, higher reliability and better cost performance.

LM 324 and LM 741) to the base of the transistor Q1.

er unit. The microcontroller is interfaced with mobile

~3 of the microcontroller. When the IR detector receive

rational amplifier. The operational amplifier compares a

65

raffic 119 surveillance

al., 2002) , micro-loop

ion of violation. Loop

ement system.[5]

Some

icularly tailored to the

r and receiver units are

ctive loop for detection

eters over a plusmn200

red light on the signal

or will be equipped in-

detection.[7]

As soon as

e line where he should

ly consists of a

he main control circuit

.[10]

The IR detector is

The transistor output is

hrough four transistors

s the signal from the IR

reference voltage with



66 Dhaval Shah, Manan Sheth, Shival Trivedi & Shivang Bakliwal

the voltage change made by the IR detector receiving the IR signal and supply base current to the transistor Q1 connected

at the output. The transistor will turn on and give an interrupt signal to the microcontroller.

The microcontroller sends a pulse to the Port C according to interrupt subroutine and trigger the transistors Q2 ~

Q5 to activate the mobile. In accordance with the program loaded in the microcontroller, an interrupt that is sending

message will be performed by the cell. A message containing the car license no, date and time of breaking the rule is

programmed and set to send automatically to the number(s) of traffic control unit stored previously in the cell phone

directory. The law enforcing agency can easily identify the owner of the vehicle from the message received and can take

appropriate actions against rule violation. The entire system is a low cost, small in size and easy to assemble onto an

existing vehicle without disturbing its present arrangement.[11]

Fig. 3

Fig. 4: Experimental Setup of the Proposed System



Microcontroller Controller Based Traffic Violation Control System Using Wireless Communication 67

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The proposed microcontroller based traffic rules violation monitoring and reporting system has been implemented

with a laboratory model and verified experimentally. Fig. 4 shows the experimental setup of the proposed system.

A remote control toy-car was equipped with the IR detector, and the microcontroller operated mobile unit

Two IR LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) in series with a 100 Ω resistor supplied by 5V dc supply has been used as

IR transmitter. A Photodiode adhered to the lower part of the car was used as IR detector to receive IR beam transmitted by

the transmitter. The road was modeled with wooden frame and to house in the transmitter unit across the road, a glass pane

was used to bridge the pathway.

When the transmitter was switched on along with the red light on the signal post and the car crossed the

transmitter and the intersection violating the red light, in reference to the program loaded in the microcontroller a message

with a sample identification number was effectively sent to a predefined cell phone no. An illustration of the received

message is shown in Fig. 5. The date and time of the sending message was obtained from the message property.

Fig. 5: Message Received Containing the Car Identification Number

This way the laboratory model has affirmed the proposed scheme effectively. The system automatically

monitored, reported and identified the defiant offender using the simple microcontroller based wireless communication

network. The effectual realistic execution of the research outcome can be intended to mitigate the high number of road

traffic accidents.

The conventional systems of (Retting et al., 1999; Rahman et al., 2003) capturing images of violating vehicles by

red light cameras or video recorders suffer from significant hindrances because of poor environment at many intersections.

Specifically, improper lighting resulting from hours of darkness, solar glare, reflections, and shadows may cause

photographs taken by such existing systems to be of poor quality and, therefore, ineffective for identifying the operator or

the license plate number of a violating vehicle. In addition, systems using fixed position cameras further suffer from

problems of driver and/or vehicle identification resulting from occlusion of the violating vehicle by other vehicles.

Moreover, the amount of information provided by existing systems regarding the context and/or circumstances surrounding

an alleged violation is often insufficient for effective violation enforcement.



68 Dhaval Shah, Manan Sheth, Shival Trivedi & Shivang Bakliwal

On the other hand, the proposed scheme is effective, and free from the effects of bad weather conditions, improper

lightings etcetera. It can easily track the vehicle even when the number of traffic is large. Thus it is presumed that the

proposed system would be more suitable to enforce the traffic rules by detecting a violating vehicle accurately and

reducing the road traffic accidents significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

A novel, simple, recuperated and low cost system for monitoring and reporting incidences of red light violation at

the traffic intersections is performed in this research. The proposed system consists of a traffic rules violation detection unit

and the alleged offender identification unit. Upon detection of a predefined traffic law infringement at the intersection and

recognition of the suspected desperado, the corresponding action can be performed by the traffic monitoring system. The

system is more impeccable as it is free from the effects of the bad weather conditions, improper lighting, which influence

the performances of the red light camera system for identifying the operator or the license plate number of a violating

vehicle. As the overall system is automatic, it is more invincible. However, the prime constraint of the system is that there

should be a trustworthy wireless mobile communication network throughout the site of operation. In this regard, the system

can be made more economical and simple if the 121

Mobile phone unit can be replaced by a single RF transmitter IC TLP 434A and a receiver IC RLP 434. It would

also be sensible that the proposed automated scheme for monitoring and reporting red light violations at the traffic

intersections should be realized in practice. Furthermore, extended application of the proposed scheme providing the

capability to similarly monitor and/or record events occurring at railroad crossings, border check points, toll booths,

pedestrian crossings and parking facilities, would specifically be expedient in the future.

REFERENCES

1. Srinivasan, D.; Min Chee Choy ; Cheu, R.L. “Neural Networks for Real-Time Traffic Signal Control”, Intelligent

Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions, Singapore, Sept. 2006

2. Umemoto,M. ; Eto, Y. ; Fukinuki, T. “Digital Video Recording”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 83, Issue 7, Aug.

2002

3. Qun Deng ;Weiqiang Zhang ; Jintao Jiang, “Short-range wireless communication based on AVR microcontroller:

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(CECNet), 2012 2nd International Conference, Yichang, May 2012

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7. Dehui Xu; Bin Xiong ; Yuelin Wang “Modeling of Front-Etched Micromachined Thermopile IR Detector by

CMOS Technology”, Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal , Vol. 19 Issue 6, Dec. 2010



Microcontroller Controller Based Traffic Violation Control System Using Wireless Communication 69

8. Li Yuping; Yu Changjun; Ni He; Hou Pengke, “Sound guidance vehicle based on AT89S52”, Power Engineering

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MICROCONTROLLER CONTROLLER BASED TRAFFIC VIOLATION CONTROL SYSTEM USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION