Microbial Classification. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea One circular chromosome, not in a membrane One circular chromosome, not in a membrane

Microbial Microbial ClassificationClassification

The Prokaryotes: The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and ArchaeaDomains Bacteria and Archaea

One circular chromosome, not in One circular chromosome, not in a membranea membrane

No histonesNo histones No organellesNo organelles Peptidoglycan cell wallsPeptidoglycan cell walls Binary fissionBinary fission

ProteobacteriaProteobacteria Mythical Mythical

Greek god, Greek god, Proteus, who Proteus, who could assume could assume many shapesmany shapes

Gram-Gram-negativenegative

Domain BacteriaDomain Bacteria

Human pathogens:Human pathogens: BartonellaBartonella B. henselaB. hensela Cat-scratch diseaseCat-scratch disease BrucellaBrucella BrucellosisBrucellosis

The The (alpha) (alpha) ProteobacteriaProteobacteria

Obligate intracellular parasites:Obligate intracellular parasites: EhrlichiaEhrlichia. Tick-borne, ehrlichiosis. Tick-borne, ehrlichiosis RickettsiaRickettsia. Arthropod-borne, spotted . Arthropod-borne, spotted

feversfevers R. prowazekiiR. prowazekii Epidemic typhusEpidemic typhus R. typhiR. typhi Endemic murine typhusEndemic murine typhus R. rickettsiiR. rickettsii Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverRocky Mountain Spotted Fever



Figure 11.1

WolbachiaWolbachia. . Live in Live in insects and insects and other other animals animals


Have prosthecae:Have prosthecae: CaulobacterCaulobacter. Stalked . Stalked

bacteria found in bacteria found in lakeslakes

HyphomicrobiumHyphomicrobium. . Budding bacteria Budding bacteria found in lakesfound in lakes


Figure 11.2 & 3

Nitrogen-fixing Nitrogen-fixing bacteria:bacteria: AzospirillumAzospirillum

Grow in soil, Grow in soil, using nutrients using nutrients excreted by excreted by plantsplants

Fix nitrogenFix nitrogen RhizobiumRhizobium

Fix nitrogen in Fix nitrogen in the roots of the roots of plantsplants


Figure 27.5

Produce acetic acid from ethyl Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol:alcohol: AcetobacterAcetobacter GluconobacterGluconobacter


The The (beta) (beta) ProteobacteriaProteobacteria

ThiobacillusThiobacillus Chemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur: HChemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur: H22S S

SOSO442–2–

SphaerotilusSphaerotilus Chemoheterotophic, form sheathsChemoheterotophic, form sheaths


Figure 11.5

NeisseriaNeisseria ChemoheterotrophicChemoheterotrophic

, cocci, cocci N. meningitidisN. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeaeN. gonorrhoeae

SpirillumSpirillum ChemoheterotrophicChemoheterotrophic

, helical, helical


Figure 11.4 & 6

BordetellaBordetella Chemoheterotrophic, rodsChemoheterotrophic, rods B. pertussisB. pertussis

BurkholderiaBurkholderia. Nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections ZoogloeaZoogloea. Slimy masses in aerobic . Slimy masses in aerobic

sewage-treatment processessewage-treatment processes


The The (gamma) (gamma) ProteobacteriaProteobacteria

Pseudomonadales:Pseudomonadales: PseudomonasPseudomonas

Opportunistic Opportunistic pathogenspathogens

Metabolically Metabolically diversediverse

Polar flagellaPolar flagella AzotobacterAzotobacter and and

AzomonasAzomonas..

Nitrogen fixingNitrogen fixing MoraxellaMoraxella..

ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis


Figure 11.7

Legionellales:Legionellales: LegionellaLegionella

Found in Found in streams, warm-streams, warm-water pipes, water pipes, cooling towerscooling towers

L. pneumophiliaL. pneumophilia CoxiellaCoxiella

Q fever Q fever transmitted via transmitted via aerosols or milkaerosols or milk


Figure 24.15b

Vibrionales:Vibrionales: Found in coastal Found in coastal

waterwater Vibrio choleraeVibrio cholerae

causes choleracauses cholera V. parahaemolyticusV. parahaemolyticus

causes causes gastroenteritisgastroenteritis


Figure 11.8

The The (gamma) Proteobacteria (gamma) Proteobacteria Enterobacteriales (enterics):Enterobacteriales (enterics):

Peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobicPeritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic EnterobacterEnterobacter ErwiniaErwinia EscherichiaEscherichia KlebsiellaKlebsiella ProteusProteus SalmonellaSalmonella SerratiaSerratia ShigellaShigella YersiniaYersinia


The The (delta) (delta) ProteobacteriaProteobacteria

BdellovibrioBdellovibrio. Prey on other bacteria. Prey on other bacteria DesulfovibrionalesDesulfovibrionales. Use S instead of O. Use S instead of O22

as final electron acceptoras final electron acceptor MyxococcalesMyxococcales. Gliding. Cells aggregate . Gliding. Cells aggregate

to form myxosporesto form myxospores



Figure 11.10a


Figure 11.1b

The The (epsilon) (epsilon) ProteobacteriaProteobacteria

CampylobacterCampylobacter One polar One polar

flagellumflagellum GastroenteritisGastroenteritis


Figure 11.1a

HelicobacteHelicobacterr Multiple flagella Multiple flagella Peptic ulcersPeptic ulcers Stomach cancerStomach cancer


Figure 11.1b

The Nonproteobacteria The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative BacteriaGram-Negative Bacteria

CyanobacteriaCyanobacteria Oxygenic Oxygenic

photosynthesisphotosynthesis Gliding motilityGliding motility Fix nitrogenFix nitrogen

Anoxygenic photosynthesisAnoxygenic photosynthesis Purple and green sulfur bacteriaPurple and green sulfur bacteria

Purple and Green Purple and Green Photosynthetic BacteriaPhotosynthetic Bacteria

2H2O + CO2

light(CH2O) + H2O + O2

2H2S + CO2

light(CH2O) + H2O + 2S0

C. trachomatisC. trachomatis TrachomaTrachoma STD, urethritisSTD, urethritis

C. pneumoniaeC. pneumoniae C. psittaciC. psittaci

Causes psittacosisCauses psittacosis

ChlamydiaeChlamydiae

In In Bergey's ManualBergey's Manual, , Volume 5Volume 5

Figure 11.22a

In In Bergey's ManualBergey's Manual, , Volume 5Volume 5

Figure 11.22b

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Microbial Classification. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea One circular chromosome, not in a membrane One circular chromosome, not in a membrane