SU P E RV I S O R : D R . S A H A R E L - S H AT O U RYBY: N A J AT A B D E L R A H I M M O H A M M E D

Microbial Action On The .Global Warming

CONTENTSGlobal warming definition.Greenhouse phenomena. Greenhouse gases and their sources. Causes and effects of global warming.

What is Global Warming ?Global warming refers to an average increase in

the earth’s temperature, which in turn causes changes in climate.

Global warming phenomena The planet is heating up fast.Earth’s heat up Temperature rises.

It happens when greenhouse gases (CO2, NO2, CH4, H2O) trap the heat and light from sun in earth’s atm. which increases the temperature.

The heat can get through the atmosphere but it can’t get out

Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Effect Normally it is useful

way to make earth proper place to live on.

Without it earth could be freezing at night.

Greenhouse gases makes earth somehow warm.

Greenhouse Gases

What are the causes of global warming?

Man-made causes Natural causes

Man-made causes

Automotive industry. Oil companies.Power plants.Agri-business (Biofuel-deforestation). Logging industry ( deforestation).

Natural Causes Causes that are created by nature. 1. Release methane gas from the arctic tundra

and wet lands, methane is very dangerous gas to our environment.

2. Fossil fuels digging up and release of methane and letting it escape to the atmosphere.

Effects Of Global Warming

Microbes and Global Warming

Bacteria Affecting The Global Warming

Autotrophic Bacteria And Global Warming

1. Photosynthetic: Sun light is the source of energy, produce its simple

organic compound through this application

Autotrophic Bacteria And Global Warming

Chemosynthetic :They do not use energy from the sun to produce

food. Instead, they make food using energy from chemical reactions, often combining hydrogen sulfide or methane with oxygen.

 

Chemosynthetic

Organisms that use chemosynthesis live in extreme environments, where the toxic chemicals needed for oxidation are found.

For example, bacteria living in active volcanoes and hot springs. oxidize sulfur to produce their own food.

Methane-Munching Microbes Hit Rock Bottom

These microbes don't need oxygen to survive, but rather rely on sulfate ions present in the seawater for their energy needs.

Their methane breathing system, the details of which still remain unclear, involves single-celled microorganisms dubbed "ANME" for "ANaerobic MEthanotrophs." ANME work closely with bacteria to consume methane using the ocean's sulfate.

Without this biological process, much of that methane would enter the water column, and the escape rates into the atmosphere would probably be quite a bit higher

Methane-Munching Microbes Hit Rock Bottom

The microbes, living in enormous rocks hundreds of feet tall, eat about 80 to 90 percent of the world's methane released through previously studied seeps, or cracks in the ocean floor.

According to DNA analysis of rock samples, even though the microbes consumed methane at a slower rate than their sediment-dwelling cousins, there are presumably so many more microbes in the rock than in the dirt, its impact on global methane levels may be more significant

Deep ocean floor

Methanogenic BacteriaThe methanogenic bacteria are a large and

diverse group that is united by three features:

1. They form large quantities of methane. 2. Strict anaerobes. 3. Members of the domain Archaea.

Methanogenic BacteriaMethanogenic bacteria obtain their energy for

growth from substrate converted to methane. The Major Substrates Are: H2 + Co2 CH4

1 CH4 = 25 CO2

CH4 2H2O + CO2+Heat

Its effect as greenhouse gas:

burn

 Soil microbes amplify global climate change

Scientists have discovered how an invisible menagerie of microbes in permafrost soils acts as global drivers of Earth processes such as climate via gas exchange between soils and the atmosphere. These findings will help climate modelers more accurately predict Earth's future climate.

Nutrient Cycling in Marine and fresh water Environments

Ocean environments

Nutrient Levels

Open Ocean• Un affected by rivers , streams and terrestrial

run off • Low nutrient

levels phosphorus, nitrogen and

silica.

Near ocean • High influx of

nutrient • High rates of

primary production

Phytoplankton

The major source of organic matter and the source of photosynthetic activity.

Floating in the photic zone

Picoplankton

Planktonic microbes between 0.2 and 2 micron meter in size

20-80 % of total phytoplankton in biomass.

Microbial loop

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