STAININGOBJECTIVEPRINCIPLEREAGENTINTERPRETATION
Simple Staining PseudomonasTo observe the morphology and
arrangement of bacterial cellWhen bacterial cell wall that are vely
charged add to the +vely charge stain, it will bind Methylene blue
Crystal violet Carbol fuschinThe bacteria will be stained according
to the reagent used.
Negative Staining Bacillus cereusTo observe the morphology and
colony of bacteria by coloring the background. Stain -vely charged
cannot penetrate into the vely charged bacteria thus will stain the
background. Indian inkOnly background will be stained in black
color.
Gram Staining -ve : E.coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas +ve :
MycobacteriumTo differentiate the morphology and characteristic of
the bacteriaGram +ve bacteria has thick peptidoglycan while gram ve
bacteria has thin peptidoglycan (lipopolysaccharide). Only gram +ve
bacteria can bind to the 1 stain. Primary stain : crystal violet
(1-2 mins) Mordant : lugol (30 secs)Increased affinity Discoloring
: Alcohol 96% Counter-stain : fuschin / safranin (2 mins)Gram +ve
bacteria : purple colorGram ve bacteria : red color
Acid Fast Staining N.asteroids M. lepraeTo look the
characteristic of acid fast bacteria.Bacteria with thick and have
slime layer cell wall are difficult to be penetrate by stain.1.
Ziehl-Neelson (fixation) 1 stain : carbol fuschin Discoloring agent
: acid alcohol (ethanol 95% + HCl 3%) Counter-stain : methylene
blue2. Tanzil Method (no fixation) 1 stain : kinyoun solution
Discoloring agent : acid alcohol Counter-stain : methylene blue
Acid fast bacteria will appear red. Non-acid fast will appear
blue.
Spore Staining Bacillus Clostridium To identify the presence of
bacterial spore.Existence of spore coat makes it not easily bind to
1 stain. Only spore will be stained. 1 stain : malachite green
Discoloring agent : water Counter-stain : safranin Spore stained a
light green while the rest of the cell stained pink.
Capsule Staining (Bury gins method) Esherichia coli (E.coli)
Salmonella To observe the presence of capsule of the
bacteriaCapsule is a cell structure composed of slime and cannot be
stain. 1 stain : indian ink Counter-stain : safranin Cytoplasm will
be stained red and the capsule are colorless with black
background.
CHARACTERISTICSBACTERIA FUNGI
DefinitionSingle cell microorganism with diameter about 1m and
prokaryotic. Eukaryotic, multicellular organism, have nuclear
membrane, diameter 3-10 m.
Size1-5 m3-5-10 m
NucleusNuclear membrane absentNuclear membrane present
Mitochondria Absent Present
DimorphicAbsentPresent
MorphologyCocciBacilliSpiral Budding
yeastBlastosporesChlamydosporesPseudohyphaeTrue hyphae (germ
tube)
Colony
Mono-
Diplo-Staphylo-
Strepto-Tetrad-Classification :
FilamentousYeastDimorphicDermatophyte
ExamplesPseudomonasBacillus cereusSporadic
bacteriaZygomycetesCandida albicans
Bacteria flagella : AtrikAmfitrikPeritrikLofotrikMonotrik
Examples of fungi : zygomycetes, candida albicans, malassezia
furfur, madurella sp., aspergillus sp.BAKTERIA1.definisi
bakteria2.Struktur3.Jenis jenis flagella4.Morfologi5.Koloni6.Contoh
bakteria (5) -tulis full7.Staining (semuanya).kalau reguler dulu
ada 6 soal.8.Beza gram + & -9.Beza ziehl nelson &
kinyoun
FUNGAL1.Definisi2.Difference fungal & bacteria same with
difference eukaryotic & procaryotic3.morfologi4.Spesies
fungal(5)5.Preparation (wet ect)
