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[email protected] Dr. Ulrike Schmid-Staiger 2009-01-28 Biorefinica in Osnabrück Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy

Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. [email protected]

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Page 1: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Dr. Ulrike Schmid-Staiger

2009-01-28 Biorefinica

in Osnabrück

Microalgae - a sustainable

renewable

resource

for

fine

chemicals, food components

and energy

Page 2: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Microalgae - microscopic

small

„plants“

Ubiquitous -

seawater

freshwater soil

air

About 40.000 different algaein marine water sytemsAlgae are consumed bymankind for thousand of years40-50 Gigatons of carbonare fixed by marine algaeevery year

Page 3: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Vision for microalgaemass production

Sea based production

Regenerative energy

Environmental protectionEmission trade

PharmaceuticalsMass valuesubstances

BiomassMethane

Algae as regenerative sourcefor chemicals

Proteins,Vitamins,Colors...

EPA, DHAAntioxidants

Algae production inoffshore-plants

No competition to traditional food production

HIV Cancertherapy

Antioxidants

ColorsFats

New drugs

Algae as feedingredients

Algae are accepted as components in food

Combined heat and power plant

Substitution of fossil energyresourcesCO2

-neutral energyproduction

CO2

-sink

Natural compounds, colors

Added value food

Feed

carbohydrates

Utilization paths: overview

Natural cosmetics

Trösch

& Degen

2002

Page 4: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Lipids

Main components of microalgae

Algae

Proteins

• high content

up to 50% of dry

weight

in

growing cultures

• all 20 amino

acids

Carbo- hydrates

• storage

products

ά-(1-4)-glucans ß-(1-3)-glucans, fructans

sugars

• only

very

low

cellulose

content

storage

lipids

• mainly

TAGs

• with

solvents

extractable

from wet

biomass

• recovery

by

pressing

the dry

ruptured

biomass

out

valuable Compounds

• pigments

• antioxidants

• fatty

acids

• vitamins

• anti

-fungal, -microbial

-viral toxins sterols MAAs

membrane

lipids•

different lipid

classes

• up to 40% of total lipids

are

PUFA

• solubilized

by

solvent

extraction

of wet

biomass,

then

transesterification

• recovery

not

by

pressing

the

crushed cells

out

Page 5: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Demands to Sustainable

Microalgal

Processes

• Energy efficient

algae

biomass

production

process

high rate of photosynthesis, photobioreactor, CO2

-utilization, net

energy balance

• Product

recovery

solvents

(which

and quantity) extraction

from

wet

biomass, avoiding

energy

intensive drying

steps

• Residual biomass utilization

free

of lignocellulose, in anaerobic

digestion

converting

it

to biogas, •

Recycling

of nutrients

CO2

, nitrogen, phosphate• Water use

Page 6: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Sustainable Algae-based

Processes

CHP-Plant

Microalgae Cultivation

Lignocellulose

free Algae

Biomass

Solar Energy

Nutrients N , P, Mg, K

CO2

Wet

BiomassConcentrating

Methane electr. Energy

thermal Energy

Biogas Technology

Input Output

• Carbohydrates• Proteins• Lipids, PUFAs• Antioxidants• Pigments• Silicates•

Micronutrients

(Fe, Zn, Mg)

Production DSP

Waste Biomass

Operating

Power Drying

Extraction

Page 7: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Sustainable Algae-based

Processes

CHP-Plant

Microalgae Cultivation

Lignocellulose

free Algae

Biomass

Solar Energy

Nutrients N , P, Mg, K

CO2

Wet

BiomassConcentrating

Methane electr. Energy

thermal Energy

Biogas Technology

Input Output

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids, PUFAs• Antioxidants• Pigments• Silicates

Micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mg)

Production DSP

Waste Biomass

Operating

Power Drying

Extraction

Page 8: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Photoautotrophic

Production

COOH

EPA (20:5 n-3)

Light, CO2, N, P, H2O

Haematococcus pluvialis astaxanthin

Phaeodactylum tricornutum

EPA

(eicosapentaenoic

acid; C20:5 )

Page 9: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Properties:

10 times higher antioxidative effect than ß-carotene or lutein

50-80 times higher antioxidative effect compared to alpha-tocopheroles

Antioxidants are effective against free radicals and save cells of lipid peroxidation and oxidative harms to cell components

Potential Indications:ageingsun protectionjoint diseasesAlzheimer´s diseaseatherosclerosiscancermacula degenerationepilepsyParkinson´s disease

Valuable products: astaxanthin

from

Haematococcus –

properties and potential indications

Page 10: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Phase 1

Growthand proliferation

Production

of astaxanthin

in FPA-reactors

©

Photos Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen-

und Bioverfahrenstechnik

Page 11: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Phase 2

Reddening

and accumulation

of astaxanthin

Process development: up to 4% astaxanthin

in the

biomass

©

Photos Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen-

und Bioverfahrenstechnik

Page 12: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Valuable

products: EPA (eicosapentaenoic

acid) production

from Phaeodactylum tricornutum – properties and potential indications

COOH

Broad levels

of the

population

in the

developed

countries show

a deficiency

of EPA supply

EPA from

algae

reveals

considerable advantages

Neutral taste and odourNo seasonal variations in supplyNo contamination by environmentalpollutants

Potential Indications

of EPA:cardiovascular disesases (atherosclerosis) rheumatoid arthritis (anti-inflammatory). Autoimmune disorders: multiple sclerosisdiabetes mellitusseveral cancersMorbus Crohnlight hypertension

Facts about

EPA:

Page 13: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Process

development

for

EPA production

with Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Phaeodactylum tricornutum outdoor

cultivation

in 33 litre

reactor

modules

Optimal aeration rate defined

Growth on different nitrogen sourcesexamined

Requirements of nutritients characterized

Influence of light intensity determined

Optimal growth temperature defined

Continuous culture process implemented

Effects of exchange rate analyzed

Influencing variables of EPA contentcharacterized

Page 14: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Wachstum und Biomasseproduktivität im FPA-Reaktor

am Beispiel Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Phaeodactylum tric.: Wachstum bei 400 μE m-2 s-1 im FPA-Reaktor

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Tage

TS (

g/l

)

FPA4_Pt-hohe Zelldichte; Io=400 μE

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0

Zellkonzentration (g TS/l)

P (g

TS/

l*d

)

5-Liter FPA-Reaktor Lichtintensität: 400 μE m-2

s-1

Begasungsrate: 200-300 l/h CO2

-Konz.: 2-3% (v/v)

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4

E/g TS*d

Y L

ich

t (g

TS/

E)

Phaeodactylum Haematococcus

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4

E/g TS*d

Y L

ich

t (g

TS/

E)

Phaeodactylum Haematococcus

Productivity increases with light intensity (light limitation)

increasing light availability per g dry weight decreases biomass yield ( g DW produced per mole of photones (E).

Page 15: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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DSP EPA4 Folien Andrea

Page 16: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Sustainable Algae-based

Processes

CHP-Plant

Microalgae Cultivation

Lignocellulose

free Algae

Biomass

Solar Energy

Nutrients N , P, Mg, K

CO2

Wet

BiomassConcentrating

Methane electr. Energy

thermal Energy

Biogas Technology

Input Output

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids, PUFAs• Antioxidants• Pigments• Silicates

Micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mg)

Production DSP

Waste Biomass

Operating

Power Drying

Extraction

Page 17: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Energetic use

of microalgae

Kohlenhydrate als Energiespeicher

Wertstoff

ProteinFette

Pigmente

Kohlen-hydrate

wachsende Ku ltu r

WertstoffFe tte

Pigmente

P roteinKohlen-hydra te

Lip ide als E nergiespeicher

W ertsto ff

Pro tein

Fette

Ko hlen -hydrat e

P ig men te

Wachsende Algenzellen Algen mit N-Mangel

Kohlenhydrate als Energiespeicher

Wertstoff

ProteinFette

Pigmente

Kohlen-hydrate

wachsende Ku ltu r

WertstoffFe tte

Pigmente

P roteinKohlen-hydra te

Lip ide als E nergiespeicher

W ertsto ff

Pro tein

Fette

Ko hlen -hydrat e

P ig men te

Wachsende Algenzellen Algen mit N-Mangel

Kohlenhydrate als Energiespeicher

Wertstoff

ProteinFette

Pigmente

Kohlen-hydrate

wachsende Ku ltu r

WertstoffFe tte

Pigmente

P roteinKohlen-hydra te

Lip ide als E nergiespeicher

W ertsto ff

Pro tein

Fette

Ko hlen -hydrat e

P ig men te

Wachsende Algenzellen Algen mit N-Mangel

wachsende Ku ltu r

WertstoffFe tte

Pigmente

P roteinKohlen-hydra te

Lip ide als E nergiespeicher

W ertsto ff

Pro tein

Fette

Ko hlen -hydrat e

P ig men te

Wachsende Algenzellen Algen mit N-Mangel

Page 18: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Lipidproduktion durch Mikroalgen –

Abhängigkeit von der

verfügbaren Lichtintensität pro Biomasse

Vergleich Lipidsynthese bei hohen Lichtintensitäten

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Tage

Lip

idg

ehal

t (%

)

Nanno.o. Nanno.l Chl.v. Nanno.o2

Abhängigkeit Lipidbildung von der Lichtverfügbarkeit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2

E/g TS*d

Lipi

dzun

ahm

e/d

(%)

Chl.v. Nanno.o. Nanno.o.-KontiNanno.li. Konti Nanno.li. Nanno.li.

Page 19: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Fettsäuremuster

Chlorella vulg. - Wachstumsphase

C14:0

C16:0

C18:1n9cC18:2n6c

C20:0

C16:1n7

C18:0

Gesamtlipidgehalt 9 % der TS

Chlorella vulg. - Lipidphase

C14:0C16:0

C18:1n9c

C18:2n6c

C20:0

C18:0

C16:1n7

Ölsäure

Gesamtlipidgehalt

45% der TSGesamtlipidgehalt

9 % der TS

Page 20: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Demands to Sustainable

Microalgal

Processes

Energy efficient

algae

biomass

production

process high rate of photosynthesis, photobioreactor, CO2

-utilization, net

energy balance

Product

recovery solvents

(which

and quantity)

extraction

from

wet

biomass, avoiding

energy

intensive drying

stepsResidual biomass utilization

free

of lignocellulose, anaerobic

digestion

to biogas, Recycling

of nutrients

CO2

, nitrogen, phosphateWater use

Page 21: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Sustainable Algae-based

Processes

CHP-Plant

Microalgae Cultivation

Lignocellulose

free Algae

Biomass

Solar Energy Antriebsenergie

Nutrients N , P, Mg, K

CO2

Wet

BiomassConcentrating

Methane electr. energy

thermal energy

Biogas technology

Input Output

• Carbohydrate• Proteins• Lipids, PUFAs• Antioxidants• Pigments• Silicates•

Micronutrients

(Fe, Zn, Mg)

Production DSP

Waste Biomass

Antriebsenergie Drying

Extraction

Page 22: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Outlook: Integrated process for mass and energy based utilization of microalgae

Products: pigments ω-3-fatty acids

vitamins

residual biomass

digestion /

codigestion

CO2

NH4, PO4recycling

per kg algal biomass produced

1,85 kg CO2

are fixed

CHPS

Algal biomassH2

O CO2

O2 CH2

O

Calvin-

ZyklusLichtreaktionen

ATP+NADPH+H+

ADP+ Pi +NADP+

Energie

8 MJ electricity

12 MJ heat per m³

biogas

Biogas

Page 23: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

[email protected]

Products of integrated algal processes

- Natural omega-3 fatty acids derived from algae, such as eicosapentaenoic

acid

(EPA)

- Natural astaxanthin

from Haematococcus

- Algae with high lipid content for energetic use

- After extraction of valuable products like carotenoids, PUFAs

or proteins the

residual algal biomass can be digested to biogas

- Use of flue gas of combined heat and power units as free of charge CO2 source

Page 24: Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine ... · Microalgae - a sustainable renewable resource for fine chemicals, food components and energy. schmid-staiger@igb.fraunhofer.de

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Thank you for your attention