Micro Waves Transmission

8/13/2019 Micro Waves Transmission

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July 2003 Japan-US SPS Workshop, RASC, Kyoto University

Japanese Research for

a Bright and Clean Energy from Space

Space Solar Power System (SSPS)

and

Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)

Hiroshi MatsumotoRadio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere,

Kyoto University,

Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan


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Remaining Oil

*Mt. Fuji volume 1060 Tera liter

http://www.fujigoko.co.jp/fujigoko-5/guide.html

1 Tera literHow much in the reversed

Mt. Fuji basin?

Only 1/6 full left in

the world!

In terms of small

basin above

2nd stage(1800m)

Only 2 basinful !


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History of EmissionHistory of Emissionofof

GlobalGlobal WaWamingming GasGas


4/34July 2003 Japan-US SPS Workshop, RASC, Kyoto University

Rapid change from SavannahRapid change from Savannah

to Desert within only 40 years!to Desert within only 40 years!



Rescue of Human Culture Crisis

via Space Development & Civilization

Toward Full Use

of

Solar System Space

Population Explosion

Environmental Pollution

and Food/Resources

Shortage

To Space!!

Energy Exhaustion



SPS

CommunicationWeatherBroadcasting

Resources

Why SPS?

To overcome

these Serious Issues,

SPS will provide

Clean EnergySupply

Step toNew Space Era


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History of MPT & SPS Research1864 Prediction of Radio Waves by J. C. Maxwell

1888 Experimental Evidence of Radio Waves by H. Herz

1901 Signal Transmission over the Atlantic Ocean by M. G. Marconi

1904 MPT Experiment by N. Tesla 150kHz1MW)1940 Experimental Study of Magnetron by Japanese Navy

1965 Microwave-powered Helicopter (fixed) by W. C. Brown

1968 Free-flight of Microwave-powered Helicopter

1968 Solar Power Satellite (P.E.Glaser)

1975 30kW Ground-to-ground MPT Experiment

1978-80 SPS Reference System (NASA/DOE)

1983 MINIX Rocket MPT Experiment

1987 Fuel-free Airplane Flight by MPT (SHARP) (1kW:Parabolic Antenna1992 Fuel-free Airplane Flight by MPT (MILAX) (Active Phased Array)

1993 ISY-METS Rocket MPT Experiment, SPS2000 Concept Studies

1994-95 5kW Ground-to-ground MPT Experiment

1996 Development of Retrodirective MPT system

1997-99 SPS Fresh LookStudy (NASA)

2000-1 SPORTS and SPRITZ



World First RocketExperiment

in Space 1983.2

MINIX

MILAX Ai l E i t


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With Kobe Univ., CRL, Nissan motor co.,

Fuji heavy industry co., ISAS in Japan

Fuel-free Airplane MILAX

Transmitter (1.25kW)

Microwave

(2.411GHz)

MILAX Airplane Experiment

(1992) 1992

MILAX Microwave Airplane

Experiment



SSPS Studies in Japan

(1979-2002)



SSPS System Research in Japan

1979-2002SJAC

SPS Concept Developmentand Evaluation Plan

(Japanese Translation)

Central Research Institute of

Electric Power IndustryExamination on Power

Reception on the sea and

Available Power of SSPS

JMF (SJAC)

Research on SSPS

JMF (Institute of Applied

Energy)

Research on Energy Technology

in Space

NEDO (MRI)

Research on SSPS

STA (Institute of Future

Technology)

Basic Research on Solar

Power Generation in Space

NASDA

(Institute of Future Technology)

Research on Economy of SSPS

MITI

Committee on

Examination of

Practicability? ofSPS

LE-NET

Design

STA, NASDA (MRI)

Innovative Space Infrastructure

NASDA (MRI)Research and Examination of SPS

JETRO

Present Research on SSPS and

Possibility of Cooperation

between Japan and USKeidanrenSpecial issue on SSPS

Review of RRL

Special Issue on SPS

Research

Special

Issues

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Energy Review

Space Power

Generation and SPS

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Fresh

Look StudyNASA

TerminatesSSP Studies

1970

NASA Begins

Evaluating SSP

Concept

Definition

Study

SSP ExploratoryResearch

& Technology

(SERT)

SSPS Research in US



SSPS Committee in Japan

NASDA

from 1998

Main Committee

Chairman

Hiroshi Matsumoto,

RASC, Kyoto University 15 Working Committee

METI (USEF) from 2000

Main Committee

ChairmanYoichi Kaya, RITE

Working Committee


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NASDA SSPS Committee

1 System

3 Power Generation

4 Microwave Power Transmission

5 Laser Power Transmission6 Power Management

7 Structure

8 Thermal Management

9 Robotics and Maintenance

10 Power Network Connection

11 Transportation

14 Environment and Safety

15 Economic and Market Analyses

1 System

3 Power Generation

4 Microwave Power Transmission

5 Laser Power Transmission6 Power Management

7 Structure

8 Thermal Management

9 Robotics and Maintenance10 Power Network Connection

11 Transportation

14 Environment and Safety

15 Economic and Market Analyses

WG (140 members) VRDC

Informatio

n Exchange


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Integrated Generator-Transmitter

Module

Solar Cells Microwave Generator

Transmitting

Antenna

Detachable Honeycomb

Module Each Module is

Independent except

Control Signals

Honeycomb Frame

SPRITZ


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SPRITZ(Solar Power Radio Integrated Transmitter 00)

SPRITZ

Solar cells

Output > 166W

Efficiency: about 5%Microwave Transmitter

Frequency 5.77 GHz

Output 25W

Active Phased Array AntennaPhase Control 3bits

SpecificationsSizes (in mm) 2,000D x 2,300W x 2,850H

2,300

2,000

2,8

50

Sun

SPS

Rectenna

Sunlight

Microwave

Solar Simulator133 x 75W Halogen Lamps

Rectenna

1,848 rectennas

and LEDs


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SPRITZ(2001)

J L k f B i ht A t E N dJapan Looks for Bright Answers to Energy Needs


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Japan Looks for Bright Answers to Energy NeedsJapan Looks for Bright Answers to Energy NeedsUJI,UJI,JAPANJAPAN----The bank of halogen lights mounted on a rack in a nondescriptThe bank of halogen lights mounted on a rack in a nondescript

laboratory building here at Kyoto University isn't there to illulaboratory building here at Kyoto University isn't there to illuminate the room.minate the room.

Instead, it's part of aInstead, it's part of a technology that space radio scientisttechnology that space radio scientist Hiroshi MatsumotoHiroshi Matsumoto

believes will eventually light up the world. After years of neglbelieves will eventually light up the world. After years of neglect,ect,the idea is also starting to shine more brightly in the eyes ofthe idea is also starting to shine more brightly in the eyes of governmentgovernment

officials in Japan and elsewhere around the worldofficials in Japan and elsewhere around the world..

Science Nov.9, 2001Science Nov.9, 2001

10MW Cl SPS


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10MW Class SPSConstruction near the ISS

from NASDA SSPS Committee

Rotating Mirror Type SPS


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Rotating Mirror Type SPS


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R d M f SPS D l t i


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Road Map of SPS Development in

Japan

GEO CommecialSystem250MW250MW

1GW1GW

2020-2025 2030-2040

10MW10MW Pilot SystemPartial Power Service

2007-2010

R&D of SPS TechnologiesR&D of SPS Technologies

Economical EvaluationsEconomical Evaluations

50kW50kW

LEO2012-15

Space Large StructureAuto-process near ISS

Construction

Deployment

High Voltage Tech.High PowerTransmission

MPT System Proof

Environmental Assessment

space plasmas & Atmos.

Beam Control Tech.

Safety Assessment

from NASDA SSPS Committee


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METI SSPS Research

Activities

Contribution to the realization of sustainable societySimultaneous achievement of stable supply of energy and environmental protection .

Cultivation of new industries based on the new technology

Political Significance

Set targets for research & development and increasethe speed of innovation


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Study Committee

Parent CommitteeChairmanYoichi Kaya, RITE, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University

Working Committee

Leader Susumu Sasaki, Professor ISAS

Concept study System concept

Candidate concepts shall be selected from a pool of concepts proposed to based on

recent forecasts of technology development.

Demonstration planningEstablishment of step-by-step program for realization of the space solar power

system.

Economic aspectsCost of power supply, scale of power generation Environmental aspects Effect on atmospheric CO2 reduction, affects of microwave Technical aspects Frequency, power source/electrical technology etc.


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Maximum power 1.75 GW, average power 1.1 GW

Gravity gradient Stabilization

SSPS Research at RASC Kyoto University

SSPS Research at RASC Kyoto University


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SSPS Research at RASC. Kyoto UniversitySSPS Research at RASC. Kyoto University

Main objectives are to develop a Microwave Power

Transmission (MPT) Technology for a powertransmission from Space Solar Power Station (SPS)

and to conduct related space plasma science.

MPTMPT

Space PlasmasSpace Plasmas

RASC Facilities


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RASC Facilitiesfor SPS Microwave Power Transmission Research

SPSLAB :Collaborative Laboratory for SPS

Forum for collaboration Product test and demonstration 30 dB & 100dB Shielded Roometc.

METLAB :Microwave Energy Transmission Laboratory

Anechoic Chamber for high power EM waves

- Durable against 10kW/m2, 100dB shield

- Standard Microwave Power Transmitter- Standard Rectennas

- Measurement system and remote controllers

Key Technologies to be developed at RASC


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Key Technologies to be developed at RASC

Antenna Array &Power Beam Control

Higher efficiency

Mass productivity

RF-DC conversion

efficiency

Phase Controlled

Magnetron or

Semi-conductoramplifier etc.

DC-RF conversion

efficiency

Higher efficiency

Lighter weightHigher accuracy

Microwave

Power

Transmission Rectenna

Final Targets:

DC-RF conversion efficiency > 80%

Beam collection efficiency > 90%

RF-DC conversion > 85%

D l t f Mi P T i i


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Development of Microwave Power Transmission

System for SPS at RASC, Kyoto University

SPORTS5.8 :PCM Array with

Random Phased

Array Antenna

SPORTS2.45 :PCM Array

with Sub-Phase

Shifters

Phase Controlled

Magnetron: PCM

We Need bothhighly efficient and

low loss MPT System

+ Beam Control System

Semi-conductor Amplifier/

Generato with High DC-RF

Conversion Efficiency

with Parabolic Array

PCM with High DC-RF

Conversion Efficiency with

Low Loss Phase Shifter

COMET


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COMETCompact Microwave Energy Transmitter

Developed by RASC, Kyoto Univ. and IHI Aerospace Co. 2003Developed by RASC, Kyoto Univ. and IHI Aerospace Co. 2003

Evolution of Power versus Efficiency


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1W 10W 100W 1kW 10kW 100kW 1MW 1GW

10%

50%

100%DC-RF-DC

Efficiency

SPRITZ (2001)

SPORTS2.45 (2001)SPORTS5.8 (2002) Ground Experiment (1995-96)

Short distance MPT

(1965,1999)

MILAX (1992)

2.45GHz 5.8GHz

Transmitted Electric Power

Power Satellite(2005)SPS(2040)


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21st Century

COE Program

Research Institute of Sustainable HumanosphereResearch Institute of Sustainable Humanosphere


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(RISH)*

*tentative

(RISH)*

*tentative

Collaborations

All Japan

International

Interdisciplinary

Ionosphere

Microwave Power

Transmission

Space Solar

Power Statio

(SSPS)

Ocean & lakes

Computer Simulation

of EM Environment

Radio Sonde

Sounding

rockets

Rectenna

Solar Energy

Living

Environment

Satellites

Space Weather

Atmospheric

Radar Wood Molecular Research

Forestsphere

Atmosphere

Repair of

Environment

Wooden Ecologiical Houses

Wood Metabolism

SpaceMagnetosphere

Wood Biomass

CO2

Circulation

Atmospheric

Circulation & Waves

Humanosphere

Mission-oriented Research Earth Environment Solar Energy UtilizationSpace Environment Sustainable Wood Resource

Future Plan of RASC Research on

S S l P T h l


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Space Solar Power Technology

Microwave Power Transmission and SPS

Research Development of High Efficiency Microwave Power Transmitter System

Small and Light Phase controlled magnetron with higher efficiency & accracy

Low Loss Power divider and phase shifters Beam steering system with high efficiency. Accuracy and security

Rectenna system with higher efficiency

Feedback to Design of Power Satellite and SPS

Space Plasma Physics and Technology with simulation technique Interaction between antenna and space plasma

Interaction between space structure and space plasma

Interaction between microwave and space plasma

Interaction between ions emitted from ion engine and space plasma

Development of Simulation tool for Magnetron designing

Establishment of Center of Excellence for SPS Research Inter-university cooperation of METLAB & SPSLAB

Kyoto University SPS symposium (FY2003, 3rd)

Japan United States SPS symposium (2003.7.3-4) Collaborations with Industries ( 6 companies at present)


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Summary

Japan started the SPS research early in 1980s

MPT has been studied from both Engineering and Physicalaspects as Enabling Technology for Space SPS.

SPS system studies have recently been performed atNASDA and METI with universities and industries.

In the Japanese Diet, 87 the LDP has formed a

GIREN (Legistlators Organization) for promotion

of Space Energy Utilization on Feb.27, 2003.

The SPS GIREN is the largest one composed of 87 Diet

members.

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