Micro Hydro Power Plant at Manipal Falls

8/12/2019 Micro Hydro Power Plant at Manipal Falls

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Micro Hydro Power Plant at

Manipal Falls A Feasibility Study

Mr. Adheesh Boratkar, Student, First Year, Manipal Institute

of Technology, Manipal University

Mr. R. Sudarshan, Student, First Year, Manipal Institute of

Technology, Manipal University Dr. K. Balakrishna, Faculty, Dept. of Civil Engg., Manipal

Institute of Technology

Wing. Commander A. Bhojraj (retired), Member, Mannu

Palla Lake Development Committee Mr. K. Shankaranarayana, Faculty, Dept. of Electrical Engg.,

Manipal Institute of Technology


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Contents

ManipalTerrain And Rainfall

Manipal Falls

Micro Hydro InstallationAn Overview

Components

Intake

Penstock

Turbine

Generator

Batter Bank and Inverter

Lighting

Conclusions


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Manipal - Terrain and Rainfall

Manipal - 5 km from Udupi, Karnataka

Situated on the Western Ghats of India

First to receive Rainfall from the South-Western Monsoons.

Rainfall400 cm annually

Elevation - 73 metres above sea level

Distance from sea7 km

Manipal Lake (Rain Fed Lake) - 60 acres in area

Remains filled for 4-5 months an year

Average depth - 30 feet Terrain down the Falls - Steep Gradient

Area 150 feet below FallAccessible by Road

Bio Diversity Hot Spot

Bio DiversityIntact even after Implementation


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Manipal Lake (Mannu Palla Lake)


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Manipal Falls Manipal Falls - Overflow from the Manipal Lake

Area: 60 acres

Average depth: 30 feet

Fall height: about 35 feet

Water flows down a steep hilly gradient to ultimately join the

Arabian Sea.

Effective head achievable with a penstock: about 150 feet.

Catchment areas


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Manipal Falls


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Micro Hydro

Micro Hydro: Generation of less than 100 kW of electricity.

Hilly Areas are suitable for Micro Hydro Installations.

Trapping rainwater at the highest geographical point possible

and then channelizing it to a turbine at the bottom using a

Penstock.

Turbine connected to a Generator to generate electricity.


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Components of a Micro Hydro

Installation


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A Schematic Diagram of a Micro Hydro Installation


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Intake

Place where water enters the Penstock

Surge Tank in the open area just before the falls

Actual intake about a feet above the bottom of Surge Tank

Incase of excess water from lake, overflow from Surge Tank

will be directed to the fall.

Bar Screener before Penstock


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Penstock

Conveys water from Surge Tank to Turbine

Runs down the entire length of the Falls (about 150 feet)

Friction Losses decrease with increasing Diameter of Pipe and

therefore, Cost

Most suitable materialUnplastified Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)


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A Penstock involved in a Micro Hydro Installation


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Comparison of Possible Penstock

Materials

Material Friction Weight Resistanceto

CorrosionResistance

to PressureCost

uPVC ***** ***** **** ***** ****

Mild Steel *** *** *** ***** ****

Ductile

Iron**** * **** **** **

* Means Poor and***** Means Excellent


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Reaction TurbineKaplan Turbine


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Impulse Turbine

Pelton Wheel


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An impulse Turbine is Suitable in our case as

Require a minimal water flow volume, ideal for sites where a relatively

small amount of water runs down a fairly steep hill, like in our case.

More tolerance to sand and other particles present in the water.

Easier to fabricate and maintain.

Parts are more easily accessible.

Dont require a Pressure Casing like a reaction turbine as they work on the

basis of the force applied by a jet of water and not on the basis of a

pressure difference.


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How much can be generated?

Diameter Head(Feet) Theoretical Power Efficiency 35% Efficiency 40%(Inches) (Feet) (Kilo Watts) (Kilo Watts) (Kilo Watts)

6 25 16.6729 5.8355 6.669212 25 66.6917 23.3421 26.676718 25 150.0563 52.5197 60.02256 50 47.1582 16.5054 18.86336 50 47.1582 16.5054 18.8633

18 50 424.4234 148.5482 169.76946 75 86.6351 30.3223 34.654

12 75 346.5402 121.2891 138.616118 75 779.7155 272.9004 311.88626 100 133.3834 46.6842 53.3534

12

100

533.5336

186.7368

213.4134

18 100 1200.4506 420.1577 480.18026 125 186.409 65.2432 74.5636

12 125 745.6359 260.9726 298.254418 125 1677.6807 587.1882 671.07236 150 245.041 85.7644 98.0164

12 150 980.1638 343.0573 392.065518 150 2205.3686 771.879 882.1474


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Battery Bank & Inverter


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Lighting

TYPE LED Incandescent Lamps CFLLife Span 50,000 hrs 1,200 hrs 8,000 hrsToxic Material None None MercuryTurns on instantly Yes Yes No-Takes time to warm-upLumens Watt Watt Watt450 4-5 40 9-13800 6-8 60 13-15

1600 16-20 100 23-30Durability Very Durable - LEDs can

handle jarring and bumpingNot Very Durable - glass or

filament can break easilyNot Very Durable - glass can

break easily


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Conclusions

Micro hydro power plant at Manipal Falls is highly feasible.

The effective energy that can be generated after accounting

for various kinds of losses assuming only a 35% over all

efficiency will be 85.76 KW.(assuming a head of 150 ft. and a

6 diameter pipe.) uPVC is the most suitable material for the penstock.

Due to the available conditions of Head and Rate of Flow, an

Impulse Type Turbine like a Pelton Wheel would be suitable.

A Compound wound self excited DC generator would be bestfor the proposed plant.

This energy would be sufficient to light the periphery of the

lake.


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This would generate awareness amongst the people ingeneral and students in particular.

The project would serve as an inspiration for others to think

along similar lines and come up with new and innovative

ways to generate Green Energy.


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Thank You!

Documents

Micro Hydro Power Plant at Manipal Falls