Estimation of Micro Hydro Power Plant Capacity From Potential Sites.

Mrs. S. P. Adhau Dr. R. M. Moharil Mr. P. G. Adhau Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Civil Engg.

Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engg. Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engg. Shri Datta Meghe Polytechnic Nagpur, India Nagpur, India Nagpur, India

adhau_sp@yahoo.co.in rmm_ycce_ep@yahoo.com adhaupraful@rediffmail.com

Abstract— Energy generation is one of the major key factors for economic and social development in all the developed and developing nations of the world. Adequate amount of energy generation in a sustainable manner is a major challenge in the present energy scenario. Fast depleting fossils fuels and their environmental effects forces to look towards renewable sources for sustainable development. Micro hydropower plants are emerging as a major renewable energy resource today as they do not encounter the problems of population displacement and environmental problems associated with the large hydro power plants. Hydro power plants convert potential energy of water into electricity. The water after generating electrical power is available for irrigation and other purposes. In this paper the work is carried out for evaluating Micro hydro power plants (MHPP) generation availability that can be applied to generation systems reliability and to generation planning studies. It considers the uncertainties of rivers inflows and generation unit operation. While calculating the capacity of power plant to be installed at these sites, it is assumed that there will be water reservation for irrigation and other application also. The expected value of the annual power generation of the MHPP, the duration curve is then plotted.

Keywords— Micro hydro power; Designed discharge; designed Head; average power; seasonal variation in power

I. INTRODUCTION

The first use of moving water to produce electricity was a waterwheel on the Fox River in Wisconsin in 1882. Hydropower continued to play a major role in the expansion of electrical service early in this century around the world [1]. The majority of these power plants involved large dams. The environmental impacts of large hydro projects are being identified as a cause for concern. Because of opposition from environmentalists it becomes difficult to develop large hydro projects. Also the political involvement and large amount of finance required are major concern. Very long gestation period is required and it takes decade to get actual benefit out of it. Therefore the need has arisen to go for the small scale hydro electric power plants in the range of mini and micro hydro power plants. The stability and reliability after installing micro hydro power plant (MHPP) based on the local natural

energy. The power generation is obtained from water discharge with some constant head [2, 3]. Relatively weak natural energy may be developed by applying the Micro Grid with possible compensation between micro-sources [3]. ] Li Wang, Dong-Jing Lee, presents the economic-analysis and potentials to study future installation of micro hydro power (MHP) plants. These irrigation canals have potentials to generate electric power using MHP plants[4]. The geography of India supports the development of small hydro projects to enhance the energy generation. Small hydropower development is also necessary for proper utilization of available water resources. Study has been carried out to highlight the water resource and small hydropower potential in India. Utilization of small hydropower sources for sustainable development is necessary. Rivers are the major surface water resources in India. The country has many monsoon-fed, double monsoon-fed small water streams [5].This water steams can be well utilized for development of micro hydro power projects.

II. BENEFIT AND ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE OF THE MICRO HYDRO PROJECT

The interest in small/micro hydro project has grown up in India for reasons like:

• Moderate investment for providing electricity • Can be set up in remote hilly area to provide

electricity to that area. • Attractive for small private entrepreneurs because of

less capital outlay. • Environment friendly so helps in maintaining

ecological balance.

• Improves economic conditions of the areas where the projects are set up.

Fig.1 shows the various applications of small /micro hydro power plants and its related advantages .

2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems December16-19, 2012, Bengaluru, India

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Fig.1 Application of small/micro hydro power plant.

III.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

The hydrological data for three potential sites in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State, India was collected from Central water Commission, Nagpur namely Ashti, Hiwra and Wairagarh. From the analysis of data and from the guidelines provided by Central Board of Irrigation and power (C.B.I.P.) the possible capacity of power plant to be installed at these three sites is calculated. While calculating the capacity of power plant to be installed at these sites, it is assumed that there will be water reservation for irrigation and other application also. Considering these factors, 75% dependable rainfall (or discharge) is considered. But after closely observing the data available, it is found that even for the perennial river the discharge is very less for summer and it is off-course very high for rainy days. So instead of fixing the capacity to be installed based on 75% dependable rainfall(or discharge), it is to be calculated based on actual values of power to be generated and developing the site as power project only. For three potential sites, the monthly average value of head and discharge is calculated. From the monthly average head and discharge, the daily deviation in head and discharge is calculated. This deviation shows how power generation can change in a month.

Figure 2, 3 and 4 shows the daily discharge and deviation in discharge for the month of October 2000 for three sites. For this calculation the Month of October is particularly selected as the monsoon is over in most of the part of India and hydrology settles.

Fig.2 Daily Discharge and Deviation in Discharge at Ashti (Oct 2000)

Fig.3 Daily Discharge and Deviation in Discharge at Wairagarh (Oct 2000)

Fig.4 Daily Discharge and Deviation in Discharge at Hiwra (Oct 2000) Table No.1 shows the annual average discharge and deviation in discharge for three potential sites.

Table No. 1 Average discharge and its deviation Site Ashti Wairagarh Hiwra Average Discharge in m3/sec

133.2129

4.708588

6.968405

Deviation in Discharge in m3/sec

17.30447

2.233378

2.509553

Figure 5, 6 and 7 shows the daily head available, its average and deviation in head for the month of October 2000 for three sites

Fig.5 Daily Head and Deviation in Head at Ashti (Oct 2000)

Fig. 6 Daily Head and Deviation in Head at Wairagarh (Oct 2000)

Fig. 7 Daily Head and Deviation in Head at Hiwra (Oct 2000)

Table No. 2 shows the the average Head and its deviation at three potential sites namely Ashti, wairagarh and Hiwra

Table No.2 Average Head and its deviation Site Ashti Wairagarh Hiwra Average Head in m

6.558065

2.17871

2.389839

Deviation in Head in m

0.119696

0.077055

0.048574

Looking at fig.1 and fig. 2 month of October is very stable as far as hydrology of a particular site is considered. There is more variation in day-to-day discharge but head is fairly constant and hence deviation is also less. Hence it is always desirable to regulate the flow by some means so that fairly constant value of power can be generated from the proposed scheme. Once the average value of discharge and head are obtained, then possible power generation is found out. It is checked with the capacities found out considering 75% dependable discharge. Here the number of generating units to be operated can be decided. Rest of the generating units can be shut down as no or very low discharge is available.

Fig.8 Average Power Generation possible at Ashti

Fig.9 Average Power Generation possible at Wairagarh

Fig.10 Average Power Generation possible at Hiwra

From the possible power generation curves plotted it is observed that, the years 2000 and 2004 are poor water years and minimum power is generated in these years. This is true for hydrologically rich as well as poor sites also. Table No.3 gives the average power generation possible at three different sites for the period of 11 years. It shows that Wairagarh is poor site and very less power can be generated there.

Table No.3 Average Power at Different Sites for the Month of June through 1997-2007

Year/Site Hiwra(power in) KW)

Ashti(power in) KW)

Wairagarh(power in) KW)

1997 131.0533 366.5086 0 1998 1558.657 3915.663 0 1999 3260.713 21834.89 437.0124 2000 18429.84 9994.336 548.5083 2001 23929.18 107517.4 7051.312 2002 9706.964 60354.17 3441.616 2003 62.51669 1017.011 0 2004 49.17921 8328.847 11.31663 2005 1456.578 7909.277 4366.606 2006 6.538581 669.2499 0 2007 233.7008 11762.77 19312.35 Average Power 5347.72 21242.73 5024.103

Fig 11, 12 and 13 shows the power generation at three sites for the Month of June (from 1997-2007).

Fig. 11 Average power generation in Month of June

Fig. 12 Average power generation in Month of June

Fig.13 Average power generation in Month of June

Year 2001 and 2002 are good water years for all three sites.

Table No.4 Annual power generated at different sites Month/Site Power generation at

Hiwra in KW Power generation at Wairagarh in KW

June 5347.72 5024.1 July 5418.2 3336.0 August 8980.8 5244.4 September 6739.9 2588.9 October 1575.2 403.6 November 246.5 56.57 December 390.5 14.47 January 152.3 66.38 February 118.6 31.77 March 102.2 0.00 April 45.94 0.00 May 229.3 0.00

Fig 14 and 15 gives annual aveage powr generation possible at two potential sites . It also shows the capacity to be installed at these sites but for this assured value of power a small weir is to be constructed.

Fig.14 Annual average power generation possible at sites Hiwra

Fig. 15 Annual average power generation possible at sites Wairagarh

Table. No.5 Variation in power generation with season Site/Seasion Rainy Winter Summer Hiwra 6621KW 600KW 125KW Ashti 150MW 14.5MW 1.6MW

CONCLUSION

Capacity to be installed at Hiwra is estimated as 1500KW considering three units of 500KW. Through June to October all three units can generate power with full capacity. Through November to May if small weir is built then power generation is possible at derated value. For Wairagarh site, capacity to be installed is found out as 500KW with two units of 250KW each. From June to October the plant can run with full capacity of 500KW . A small storage facility of 14.34m3/sec be required for months of November to February so that at least one unit of 250KW can be operated effectively. But for this site no power generation is possible for Months of March to May. Seasonal variation in the power generation are also included in this work. For all three types of rivers there is large variation in power seasonwise.

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