Upload
cubemanpdx
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 1/85
TM
OCTOBER 1980 $2.00o. 29
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 2/85
A nouncing"Hellfire
"Hellfire Warrior." Really not for everybody: newcomers toDunjonquest should begin with something easier. Here the
monsters are deadlier. the labyrinths more difficult. the levels
far more challenging ...
But for the experienced Dunjonquest game player there are more
command options, more potions (131). more magical items (including-
at last- magical armor). more special effects. more surprises. And an
innkeeper, an armorer. apothecary and magic shops.
In part a sequel to The Temple of Apshai. up until now the greatest
of all the Dunjonquest games. Hellfire Warrior can also be playedcompletely on its own.
Now the character you've created, reo
presenting the highest level of role-
playing to date. can explore the four
new lower levels'
computer game... ~~e~:h~.T0~t~O;~~:~~hi~~
sects and other nestles that swarmed through the
that's really upper levels of Apshai. With rooms your hero canget Into. but not out of.
L.evel6-"The Labyrinth."' The only exit is hidden
not " 0 · r within the Labyrinth. And' man-eating monsters can thwart
II your hero.
L.evel 7-The Vault of the Dead:' , .. And of the
everybodyundead-skeletons, ghouls, mummies. specters ...
: invisible ghosts-lurking in the rooms. doors. secret
passages. ready to reduce your hero to a pale shadow of
Begl..nners himself. Permanently.
Level 8-The plains of Hell." In an Underworld of
lost souls and shades of dead, of dragons and fiery
'·k' t hounds, of bottomless pits and blasts of hellfire. our
I
are ley 0 hero must rescue the beautiful warrior maiden lying
in enchanted sleep within a wall of fire. And bring
b bb' dher past unbelievable dangers and monsters".
I e go e Up ~~~~fDeath itself .v.to sun and air and life
in the firstroom ... andthere are overZOO room s on
I four levels Use the handy coupon or. if you wish to order by Mast.erCard or VISA, use our toll·freephones: In the United States: operator 861 (800) 8Z4,7888; In California: operator
861 (800) 852·7777; In Hawaii and Alaska: operator 861 (800) 824·7919.
arrier' ,
a fantasticnew Dunjonquest™
Hellfire Warrior. The most exciting game yet
from Automated Simulations. the leading producer of
computer fantasy games.
Guaranteed: If it's not the most exciting computer
game you've played. return it within ten days for a
complete refund.
Available on disk for the Apple II and Radio
Shack's TRS80. or on cassette for the TRS80
and for the Commodore PET. Th e cassette,$24.95; the disk: $Z9.9S.Complete with amagnificent instruction manual. Some of
the drawings in the manual are reproduced
here (in greatly reduced scale).
~ AUTOMATED SIMULATIONS, INC.LtiJ P.O . B ox 4247. Dept. DH Mountain View. CA 94040
Sub Total _5 _
Plus shipping & handl ing S1.00 each
•Plus sales tax for California residents
TOTAl.. ~s=====D Yes. I want Hellfire Warrior. Ona satisfaction-guaranteed I
fun-money-back policy. Pleasesendme the Hellfire Warrior on:o I enclosemy check in the amount of_$ _
o Please charge to my D VISA or D MasterCard account__ Disk for TRS-80 (32K. TRSDOS)@ 529.95
__ Disk for Apple (48K with Applesoft in
ROM) @ $29.95
__ Cassette for TRS-80 (16K. Level II)@$24.95
My card no. Expires _
Signature
Name _
Address _
City/State/Zip _
'California residents: pleaseadd6% or 6'12%sales tax as required.
__ Cassette for Commodore PET (32K, old or
new ROMS) @ $24.95
o Please send me your complete catalogue of computer and board fantasy games.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 3/85
. . - . . - L O W E R C A S E + P L U S . . . . . . - . . . . . . .by LAZ ER SYSTEMS
for the Apple II
$59.95at better computer storeseverywhere. Or. order
direct from us.
Calif. residents add 6%sales tax.
Allow 3 weeks for delivery.
Outside continental U.S.A.shipping charges will be
added.Dealer inquiries invited.
CHECK THESE FEATURES:
LO W ER C AS E C HA RA CTE RS :
P ut no rm al and inverse low er case characters on the Ap ple
II te xt s cr ee n.
CAPATIB IL lTY:
The Low er C ase + P lu s is c om p atib le w ith w ord p ro ce ss orsand text ed ito rs that u tilize a lower case adapter to put
lo wer ca se o n the scre en .
RESET D IS ABLE :
You can d isab le the reset key or contro l the reset d isab le
w ith extern al sw itchin g thro ug h the exp an sio n so cket.
2 C HAR AC TER SETS :
There are two com ple te character sets , on board , in the
L aze r S ystem s exc lu sive cha ra cter g en era to r. T he firs t set
is a wo rd p rocess ing set and the second is a H I-RES
graphics set. C haracter set se lection is accom plishedth ro ug h th e e xp an sio n s oc ke t.
SOFTWARE :
S tandard BAS IC software comes on d iskette w ith eachlower Case +P lu s. P asca l so ftw are is a va ila ble fo r $ 9.9 5
extra.2 71 6 E PROM :
The Lazer Systems character genera tor is p in for p in
compa tib le w ith the 2716 EPROM . This w ill a llow you todesign you ow n character set fo r use w ith this board . The
chara cter fon t is co mp atib le w ith M nt. H ardw are's R OM +an d other character g enera tor program s to m ake it easy foryou to bu i I d yo u r ow n cha racter set fo r the 2716 E PR O M .
GRAPHICS :You can do extremely fast H I-RES graphics on the text
p age by us ing grap hics character set or b y purchas ing the
GRAPH ICS + PLUS board lis ted below . This does not
requ ire the use of the 8K H I-R ES page.
EXPANS ION:The on board expan sion so cket w ill let you contro l the reset
key d isab le and cha racter set selection w ith either ahardw are sw itch or so ftw are contro l. It w ill a lso a llow you
to have an externa l cha racter set in RAM that you canc on tro l & re -d efin e w ith s oftw are .
DOCUMENTAT ION:
You get a 12 page docum enta tion book let to show you howto co ntro l the fa n ta stic ca pa b ilities o f this b oa r d.
C OM IN G PR OD UC TS TO SU PPO RTTHE LOW ER CASE +PLUS :
KEYBO AR D +PLU S:
This board w ill p lug d irectly onto the Lower C ase + P lusand w ill a llow you to contro l the upper-low er case w ith the
shift key as w ell as g iv ing you a ha rd ware keyboard bufferthat w ill a llow you to enter commands and other inputs
w hile the processor is out ha nd lin g o ther opera tions suchas d isk 1/0 . Look for it in D ecem ber 1980.
G RA PH IC S + PL US :
Th is graphics board w ill take fu ll advantage of the Low er
Case +P lus board 's expans ion socket. It w ill a llowsoftwa re con tro le of the reset d isab le, character set
selection and contro l o f a R AM based character set. W iththis board , you w ill be ab le to do extrem ely fast H I-RESgraphics on the text page sim ply by defin ing and re-defin ing the character set that is prov ided in R AM on this
board . look fo r it in Februa ry 1981.
P.O. Box 55518 • Riverside, Ca 92517
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 4/85
S o .u t h e a s t e rn S o f t w a r e 6414 Derbyshire Drive - New Orleans, LA 70126. . . . I I . . . 504/246-8438 504/246-7937
Southeastern Software 'NEWSLETTER' for APPLE II OwnersNOW IN THE THIRD YEAR OF PUBLICATION
'to.Issues per year for $10.00Back Issues available at $1.00 each
EXAMPLE:
Send $10.00 and receive next 10 IssuesSend $30.00 and receive 30 Issues beginning with #2
DATA CAPTURE 3.0 - $29.95
Is DATA CAPTURE 3.0 just another Smart Termi-nal prog,ram? NO! It is a GENIUS Terminal pro-gram for use with the Micromodern II@. It will'capture' ANYTHING that appears on the screen
of your GRT. ANY proqrarn or data. If you areusing, the Source you can even 'capture' CHAT.There is no need to create files in your file spaceon the other system to transfer data to your Apple.If you can list it you can capture it.
* You can then SAVE the data to disk, dump itto your printer or even do simple editing, with
DATA CAPTURE 3.0.
* You can use DATA CAPTURE 3.0 to com-
pose text off line for later transmission toanother computer. Think of the timesharecharqes this will save you!
~ Use DATA CAPTURE 3.0 with the Dan
Paymar Lower Case Adapter and you canenter UPPER or lower case from the key-board for transmission to another system.You can also capture UPPER/lower casedata from another system.
* A program is also included to convert yourprograms to text files for transmission usingDATA CAPTURE 3.0.
* DATA CAPTURE 3.0 will save you money ifyou are using any timesharing system.
Requires DISK II@,Applesofi W W l
Add $64.95 to order the Dan Paymar Lower CaseAdapter
BAD BUY DISKETTE ~$9.99
Of course it's a bad buy. If you have issues #2 thru
#11 of the NEWSLETTER. you can type theseprograms in yourself. Includes a couple of bonus
programs.
Requires DISK II@, Applesoft II~
We ship within 3 working days of receipt oforder and welcome your personal check.We also accept Visa and Master Charge ..
LCMOD for PASCAL ~$30.00
FinaUy! DIRECT entry of UPPER/lower case intothe Pascal Editor. Why pay hundreds of dollars for
a terminal just to set lower case entry with Pascal?If you have the Paymar Lower Case Adapter youcan use this program.
* Left ·and right curly brackets tor commentdelimiters ..
* An underline for VARs, program names andfile names.
* The ESCape key does the shifting and Con-
trol Q is used for ESCape. Have you evertyped in a page or two of text and lost it byhitting ESC accidentally? This won'! happenwith LCMOD.
Requires Language System and Paymar LCA
Add $64.95 to order the Dan Paymar Lower CaseAdapter.
MAG FILES - $18.00
Finding it difficult to keep track of all thosemagazine articles you are reading? This programwill help you do it. MAG FILES is Menu driven withseparate modules for creating, editing, displayingand searching for your data. If you are using onedrive a program Is provided for transferring data toanother diskette for backup. A sample data baseof over 60 articles is included. The screen formateting and user orientation are what you have cometo expect of Southeastern Software.
Requires DISKII@, Applesoft II@.
MAILER - $15 . .00
Don't let the low cost fool you. This is a single drive
version of the program we use to maintain theNEWSLETTER subscriber list. Can be easily con-verted to 2.3 or 4 drives. Binary search and linearsearches for finding any name in file. Sort onnames and zip codes. Selective print by zip codeor key ..The separate modules are menu drivenand will run on 32K system. There are 13 separatemodules on the diskette for maintaining a mai.linglist. Sample data file included.
RequiresDISKII~, Applesoft 1 1 @ l .
• Apple, Apple II Plus, Disk IIand APPLESOFT II are trademarkS of Apple Computer Company.
• Micromodem II is a trademark 01D.C. Hayes Assoclates.Ine.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 5/85
October 1980Issue Number 29
Staff
Editor/Publisher
Robert M. Tripp
Associate Publisher
Richard Rettig
Associate Editor
Mary Ann Curtis
Advertising Manager
LCatherine Bland
Director SaleslMar.keting
James Anderson
Circulation Manager
Carol A. Stark
Art/Advertising Coordinator
Terry Allen
Software Consultant
Ford Cavallari
PETSpecialist
Loren Wright
Comptroller
Donna M.Tripp
MICROTM Is published monthly by:
MICRO INK, Inc .. Chelmsford, MA 01824
Second Class postage paid at:
Chelmsford, MA 01824
Publication Number: COTR 395770Subscript ion rates:U.S. $15.00 per yearForeign surface mail $18.00 per year
Central America air $27.00 per year
So. AmerlEurope air $33.00 per year
Other air mall $39.00 per year
For back issues, subscriptions, change
01 address or other Information, write to:
MICRO
P.O. Box 6502Chelmsford. MA 01824
or call
6171256·5515
Copyright@ 1980 by MICRO INK, Inc.
Al l Rights Reserved
Artlcl ••
"""""~~~~~~,~,~~,~~~,~~"'~7 An OSI CheepPrint
Getting data to a remote printer
byThomas A . Berger
14 PRINTUSINGlor Applesoft
User-detineo formatting of output for Applesoft
by GaryA. Morris
19 Deline Your Own Function Key on PET
Create your own BASIC function key
byWerner Kolbe
23 An Improved Morse CodeReceive Routine and Interlace
AIM hardware and software enhancements to a previous article
by Marvin L. Dejong
27 Undedicating a dedicated Microcomputer
Developing a time-shared process controller
by David N. Borton
30 A "Stop·on·Address" Routine lor KIM
An efficient debugging routine
by A . MacDonald
32 Tiny Pilot Complemental (Co-Pilot)A modification to Tiny Pilot
by Robert Schultz
36 For Multiple File Tape Backups
A PET utility for replicating cassette files
by G.R.Boynton
47 Paged Printer Output lor the APPLEA page mode for APPLE systems
byGary lillie
51 Biorhythm: AnAIM BASICProgramming ExcercisePlotting biorhythms on the AIM
by P.E.Burcher
Hexadecimal Printer
Specifying APPLE /I disassembler limitsby LeRoy Moyer
Programming with Pascal
An overview of Pascal
byJohn P.Mulligan
Cassette Label Program
Use your APPLE to print cassette labels
by Dawn E.Ellis
Departments and Sundry
,~~~"'~~""""""'~~~~"'~,
57
59
65
5 Editorial: Software DistributionBy Robert M.Tripp
Cover Description: The Sporting Micro
Letterbox
MICROLimerick Contest WinnerMICROClub Circuit
PETVetby Loren Wright
MICROScope
Microprocessors In Medicine: The 6502by Jerry W. Froelich, M.D.
Legal Note: Computers and the Law
Dealer Update
Up From the Basementsby Jeff Beamsley
The MICROSoftware Catalog: XXV
6502 Bibliography: Part XXV
6
2034
39
49
56
63
69
72
73
76
79 Advertisers' Index
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 6/85
The Standard For Small Business Accounting ™
GENERAL LEDGER SYSTEM
BALANCE SHEET
PR,OFIT & LOSS STATEMENT
CASH DISBURSEMENTS JOURNAL
(Check Registsr)
SALES JOURNAL
(hweice Register)
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL
MERCHANDISE PURCHASED JOURNAL
CASH SALES JOURNAL
GENERAL JOURNAL
ACCOUNTS REeEIVABLE LEDGER
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE LEDGERPAYROL.L LEDGER
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE SYSTEM
OPEN ITEM OR BALANCE FORWARD
COMPLETE ACCOUNT AGING '
LlFE·TO"DATE CUSTOMER HISTORY
COMPLETE ACCOUNT ANALYSIS
(Up to 16 Reports)
ITEMIZED STATEMENT PRINTING
CUSTOMER MAILING LIST GENERATION
500 PROMPTED CUSTOMERS PER DISKETTE
(No limIt to Number of Diskettes)
1000 TR.ANSACTIONS PER' PERIOD
SKELETON GENERAL LEDGER PREPARED
AUTOMATIC INTERFACE WITH BPI INVENTORYSYSTEM .
AUTOMATIC POSTING TO BPI G'ENERAL LEDGER
INVENTORY/ORDER ENTRY
FIFO, LIFO, AVERAGING
900·2000 LINE ITEMS
INSTANT INVENTORY QUERY
AUTOMATIC BACK.QRDER HANOl,lNG
AUTOMATIC RE.QRDER LEVELS
INVENTORY TURN ANALYSIS
POINT~OF,SALE OPERATION
PRICE TAG PRINTING
INVENTORY PROFIT & LOSS STATEMENT
PURCHASE ORDER GENERATION
NON-INVENTORY ITEM HANDLING
ALWAYS IN BALANCE WITH GENERAL LEDGER
AUTOMATIC INTERFACE WITH BPI AIR SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC POSTING TO BPI GENERAL LEDGER
Why do we elalrn the BPI SYSTEM to be the,STANDARD for SMALLBUSINESS ACGOUNTING?
Because it was designed BY BUSINESS and ACCOUNTING PRO·
FESSIONALS-not programmers,
It lets a business run the way it DOES-not the way a group of programmers
THINKS it should.
Why is it the MOST POPULAR Small Business Accounting Systemon the market today?
Because it is FAST, EASY TO USE, FULLY INTEGRATED, DESIGNED FOR THE
FIRST-TIME USER and SLJPPQRTED~nd SUPPORTED.
SUPPORTED by BPI SYSTEMS and SUPPORtED by SOLUTIONS, INC.
SUPi>"ORTED by BPI SYSTEMS to assure you THE SYS'fEM will tis IMPROVED
and EXPANDED to give you the most complete and useaale aGO<)\IOting sys-
tem available at any price.
SUPPOHrEDby SOWTIONS, INC. to assure you of fast update materials, the
latest information and a PROFESSIONAL approach to APPLICATION Marketing
and DIstribution.
AVAILABLE AT YOUR DEALER
DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED BY
-BPI SYSTEMS,NC.-
A unique cornbtnatlon of Accounting,BUsiness and Programming expertise dedi-cated to making the BPI GENERAL ACCOUNT-ING SYSTEMthe finest system in use through-out the world ...
THE STANDARD FOR
SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING ™
DESIGNED FOR MICAOCOMPUTERS MANUFACTUAED BY -
APPLE COMPUTER BELL &. HOWELL
C0MMODORE
FEATURES• Chart of Accounts - over 500.
• Up to Ten separate profit centers, each with a complete set of financial
statemE!nts~PLUS a Se t of conSOlidated statements.
• Accounts Payable - over 200 PROMPTED payees.
• Accounts Receivable - over Q O O PROMPTED customers per diskette.
1000 transactions per period.
Up to 16 REPORTS fer ACCOUNT ANALYSIS.
o Inventory - From 900 to 2000 line items.
o All sections may be used Independentl y,
o Designed for APPLE, BELL & HOWELl:. and COMMODORE microcomputers.
• THOUSANDS IN USE today by BUSINESSES, G.P.A.'s and BOOKKEEPERS.
..... approved by Arthur Anderson, the accounting firm, and has been accepted
by Commodore as its taotory-appfoved accounting system."
VENTURE Magazine, Sepfember 1980
DEALER INQUIRIJ:;S INVITED
Distributed By
--=-= 5==~-=-=. = - = = =.. -_. ~- - I!IIIII....._......... _ _. ----- -.
._._- -- - - - -- --~~-. . - - - - - - - - --., ..---_ - - - -----------,
----= ~ = _ . . ~---_ , _ - . . . . . . .- - . . . . .~.3740 Colony Drive
SanAntoniO, Texas 78:?30(512) 690·1017The Source; Tel 170
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 7/85
Part 1
Software DistributionThis editorial is in two parts. Part 2
will appear next month.
You have wriUen a piece of software you think is pretty
good and which you feel would be of interest to other com,
puterists. You decide that you would like to distribute it in
some manner for three reasons: 1. you are a "n ice guy" and
want to help your fellow computertsts: 2, you would like to
get some credit and recognition for the good programming
that you have done; and 3. you would like to make a few
dollars. Now the problem arises: how do you distribute this
software most effectively to serve the above purposes?
There are a number of options, and I will cover them here.
Give It away. Your product may not be marketable for
money for a variety of reasons, or you may simply not care
about a limiled return on a marketing or sales effort. 5011·ware which would not be marketable would include that
which is too limited in interest and/or application, such as a
driver for a very uncommon piece of peripheralequlpment;
a game or demonstration program which is not significant·
Iy ?iff~rent from other products on the market; a utility
which IS 100 small to be a saleable item; or a program which
would cost too much of your time and effort to document to
the point required to make it marketable. There are, I am
sure, other reasons for not seiling your software, but, youget the idea. If you choose not to sell your software, you
may want to let others use it by giving it away. This may be
done in several ways. Donate it to your local computer ciub
li~rary;. donate it to. a national user group for your
microcomputer; send It to a magazine which does not pay
for articles; etc.
Sell it .8S a software package, Assuming that your pro-duct has a more than minimal potential market value what
is the best way to make money on it? There are two 'major
routes to selling a software packag.e ..F i'rst, and most oo -vlous, is to package and sell it yourself. Any software which
The Sporting Micro
Cover Artist
Terry Allen
you pla.nto sell should be well documented. This is a major
stumbling block for many computerists. Programming is
fun; documenting is a drag. If you are going to sen it
yo~r.self, then, ~ou are solely responsible lor writing,
edltmg, and printing the documentation, and you must nan-die sales by mail order and/or through dealers. While this
method may have the greatest reward (my company is
founded on the profits from a $10.00 demonstration
package for the KIM·l), it entails the most work and
greatest risk. MICRO tries to aid this type of effort via its
free MICRO Software Catalog., and a number of people have
been very successful using this service to get started.
Th~ second common sales method is to work though an
existing software distributing company. A number 01 these
are connected with major computer magazines such as
Cre~tive Computing and Kilobaud Microcomputlng. Others
a.re Independent and mayor may not concentrate on a par-ticular market segment such as 6502, TRS·aO, APPLE, etc,
You will normally beexpecled to provide good documenta-tion, bu~ you may also get some help from the company. All
of the risk and effort of marketing are borne by the corn-pany and you receive a royalty, usually a fixed percentageof the selling price. This percentage may be quite low. I
know of one case Where an individual's software was ap -proximately one-ninth of a total package being sold lor
$150_00, and his payment per copy was 25 cents, wh'ich
came to approximately 0.16 percent (0.0016 cents on the
dollar)! The normal royalty payment will be higher. Be sure
y?U shop around. Prices can vary conslderabty. Also con-Sider the total distribution, A large·volume distributor may
offer you less per copy than a smaller distributor, but may
sell many more copies.
Thecover depicts, tonque-l n-cheek, a
micro bei,ngused to score a medieval
[oust, Actually, amicro is ideally suitedfor scoring.and keeping track of our far
more complicated modern sports..
Timing: Numerous sports require ac-curate liming. A micro makes the ideal
controller lor a basketball clock
automatic race timer, auto race lap:
time/speed calculator, and so on. The
input may be manual and not require
any additlortal peripheral equipment, or
may begenerated by various peripheral
devices.
SlatisUcs: Many sports enthusiasts
now demand more [han a simple
wonrlost type of scoring. They want to
know all types 01 statistics: batti ng
average lor the season, aqalnst tstt-
handed pitchers, against a particular
learn; pass-completion percentages,
yards-per-carry, total yardage; etc. TV
and radio sportscasters provide some
of this data, but a micro could permit a
fan to call up the information which he
is interested in-when hewants it!
Averages and Handicapping: Any
leaguesecretary can tell you that keep-
ing the bowling or golf averages and
handicaps lora team or league can bs
a tedlous job. How simple for the micro
10 keep all 01 the pertinent lntorrnatlon
updated and instantaneously deter-
mine any required set of averages and
handicaps.
Scoring: Some sports have complex
scoring requirements and 'couro makegood use 01 a micro. The scoring 01Olympic ice skating or g,ymnasllcs reo
quires cerial n seares \0 be' droppad,
others to be averaged, and other tac-
tors to be weighted. Any event which
has a large nu mber of par-
tlcl pants- such at the Boston
Marathon-could obviously use anumber of micros to help keepaccount
of who is and who is not on the track.
Summary: A microcomputer can
have a number of roles in tM sporting'
world.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 8/85
An OSI Cheep Print
Here is the answer to the age-old question, "How do I
get data from my computer to a remote printer?" Hard-
ware requirements arediscussed and software is provid-
ed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . .
When I settled on an 051 corn-puter, I knew that OSI's documenta-
tion was not the best. Thedocumen-tation that I received was far betterthan I had expected, but there wereno disassembled listings ofmachine software. The dealer fromwhom I purchased the computerwas very helpful, but even that is nosubstitute for hard copy listings.OSI's OS650 operating system con-tains a disassembler so that listingof a few program lines is possible.Even so, it is very difficult 10 under-stand a large program seeing only20 lines at a time.
The program offered here solvedmy problem for almost no cost. Itwill run on Challenger 2, 4, and 8computers equipped with adisk andOS650. (I have OS650 V3.2 NMHZ10179 POLLEO.) The machinelanguage program will run on any051 computer with the keyboardtone generator. However, the BASICprogram in Listing 2 will only con-nect the routine to OS650. Changesare needed if you have a non-disksystem. The program has been sovaluable that using it I havewrittena BASIC text processor whose out-
put I run on an IBM selectric torbeautiful right and left justified
copy.
About the time I receivedmy com-puter, a friend, CA McCarthy, toldme of a program he had developedto use on his PETto send tones to atape recorder. These tones weresubsequently played back to aprinter with attached modemto pro-duce hard copy. I was new tomachine programming, so he kindlysketched the crux of such a program
October 1980
for me. After disassembling theoperating system and experimen-
ting with possible ways to use theprogram, the present versionevolved.
Recently, Charlie gavemea copyof his article 'Cheep Print' which ap-pears in Compute NO.3. Eventhough it is written for the PET,rather than a Challenger, this articlecontains valuable information. I willonly repeat the more vital data givenin that article.
The Equipment
To use this program you need:(1)a cassette tape recorder; (2) akludge to decrease the volume fromthe computer output to the recorder;(3) HIFI phonograph cables to con-nect things together; (4)a telephonehandset; and (5) someone else'sprinter with a modemattached. (Youcan live without items (2),(3),and (4)If you are a pauper and warblingtones are music to your ears.) Let'srun over these items one at a time.
Almost any cassette recorder willdo. I am probably unique among
computerists in owning a cassetterecorder which is unsuitable forcomputer use. This machine is anolder Panasonic. For reasonsknown only to themselves thedesigners geared the capstan driveto thecapstan roller. Gearenhancedwarble does wonders towarddestroying the enjoyablility of musicand the intelligibility of computertones. Panasonic must have firedthose engineers since newermodels do not have this ingeniousinnovation. I borrowed Charlie's
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
Thomas R.Berger10670 Hollywood Blvd.Coon Rapids, MN 55433
'Brand X EI Cheapo' cassettemachine and have since bought a
small GE recorder. The printerscan't seemto tell the difference bet-ween these two because they bothwork fine.
The schematic for my kludge isgiven in Figure 1.The potentiometeris nothing special, Anything from10K ohms on up will do. I have usedboth 10K and 1 Megohm pots. The10K choice is slightly easter to ad-just. The resistor can have valuesfrom 4.7K to 47K and still work; becreative. My kludge is housed in a
1.5x 1.5x 2.25 inch metal box. Aplastic box or pill bottle should workfine. This kludge is a real handydan-dy. When I travel, I often take arecorder with me. It is easy, usingthe kludge, to dub tapes from theradio, a HIFI, or another recorder.OSI protects the tone output withblocking capacitors. However, if yourecord music such protection maynot bepresent. If you Iindthe kludgenot working, the reason may bedueto voltages appearing at the input ofyour recorder. Inserting the optional
capacltor should cureall problems. I
have never used such a capacitorand have had no problems. Adjust-ment of the kludge ts always thesame: record music or tones whilefiddling the pot on the kludge; setthe pot at a level slightly below thepoint where the recording begins tosound awful. That's all there is 10 it.
The cables are the ordinary kindavailable at HIFI, electronic, andradio shops. Youneedones to fit theholes on your recorder, your com-puter, and the kludge.
29:7
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 9/85
Letterbox
Weoften get letters, such as the following, which ask for ad-
vice. Theyare frequently long, and for lack of time, we cannot
answer then individually, point by point. Furthermore, we are
publishers, not consultants, and dare not recommend specific
products, despite our personal experience and preferences.
We know, however, that some of our readers could and
mIght like to answer other readers' queries. Therefore, asspace permits, we will print such letters here.
NOTE TOTHOSESEEKINGADVICE: Toincrease your chances
of having your letter published-please bebrief! Thefol/owingletter had to be shortened considerably:
Dear Editor:
I am planning to purchase anApple 1 I but am running into aproblem in planning the system I will get. Most computerstores tend to push the brands of hardware they carry. Thus, I
don't think I'mgetting objective information. In particular, Iam
vexed by the choice of which printer to get. Money Isa big fac·tor, but also of prime interest to me are two uses to which Iplan to put the computer: I want to use it in text editing and
also to aid me in musical composition with the appropriatehardware/software.
Should I get one printer that does both letter-quality workand the necessary graphics for musical scores, or would I be
better off buying two printers, one leiter-quality and one withgraphics ability? (onedealer suggested the Centronics 737asbeing of letter quality; do you believe this print is acceptable?)
Second, in line with your answer to my first question, couldyou recommend a printer or printers that fit my specifications?
David Ben Leavitt8044Germantown Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19118
OSI
Dear Editor:
I enjoyed reading the article on "BCD Input to a 6502
Microprocessor", (August 1980 27:68-70)since I recently wentthrough the same problem with an AIM·65. The subroutinewhich unpacks a pair of BCD digits (lines 500-570of the pro-
gram) is unnecessarily complex. If you think hard about theproblem, or do as I did, just enumerate all the cases and look
for the pattern, you wilifind that the conversion basically ln-volves longhand division of the input by 16. If the two digit ln-·put is XY the quotient is the left hand digit(X) and the re-
mainder is the right hand digit(Y). The BASIC programs listedbelow will do the conversion. The last line repacks in base 10.
I 10 XY==PEEK (40960)
20 I ==XY/1630 X==INT(I)
40 Y==(I-X)'1650XY==10'X) + INT(Y)
II 10XY= PEEK(40960)
20X=O30 Y=XY
40 IF Y < 16THEN 8050X=X+160 Y==Y-1670GOTO 40
80XY= (10'X) +Y
Program I is cuter, but program II is probably faster. Theroundoff problems discussed in the article preceding the onebeing discussed don't apply since 16 represents exactly inbinary. (I tried all 100cases on an AIM-65.) It is not clear to mewhat the fastest way to do the job is if you work in assembler
or machine code. Are there any readers out there who wouldcare to explain the fastest way for us?
Richard Garber3535Greenbrier Blvd., Apt. 34A
Ann Arbor, MI 48106
SOFTWARE FOR OS.We Have Over 100 High Quality Programs For Ohio Scientific Systems
OSI
ADVENTURES AND GAMES
Adventures - These interactive fantasies will fit
in SK! You give your computer plain english
commands as you try to survive.
ESCAPE FROM MARS
oS1
You awaken in a spaceship on Mars. You're lntrouble but exploring the nearby Manian city
may save you.
OEATHSHIP
This isa cruise you won't forget· ifyou survive itl
Adventures $14.95 Tape or 5 Y o " Oisk
$15.95 S" Disk
STARFIGHTER $5.95
Realtime space war with realistic weapons and aworking instrument panel.
ALIEN INVADER 6.95 (7.95 lor color and sound)
Rows of marching munching monsters march onearth.
TIME TREK $9.95
A real t ime Startrek with good graphics.
SAITLEPAC $17.95
TEXT EDITORS FORALL SYSTEMSII
These programs allow the editing of basic
program lines. All allow for insertion, deletion.
and correction in the middle 01 already entered
lines. No more retyping.
C1PCURSOR CONTROL {Text Editorl $9.95
Takes 166 bytes of HAM and adds, besides text
editing, one key instant screen clear.
C2P/C4P CURSOR$9.95
Takes 366 SYTES to add PET like cursor
functions. Enter or correct copy Irom any location
on the screen.oS
1
SUPERDISK $24.95 for 5" $26.95 for B"
Has a text editor for 650 plus a great new
BEXEC·. a renumberer, search. a variable tablemaker and Oiskvu - lots of util ity for the money.
We also have 25 data sheets available such as:
IMPLEMENTING THESECRETSOUND PORTON
THE C1P$4.00
HOW TO 00 HIGH SPEEDGRAPHICS IN BASIC
$4.DO
HOW TO READ A LINE OFMICROSOFT $1.00
JOYSTICK INSTRUCTIONS AND PlANS FOR
ill$3.00
SAVING DATA ON TAPE $4 00 ~
THE AARDVARK JOURNAL .
-~~~:2~~~~~~~:!~~~~~tutorial bimonthly journal 01 how to articles_ $9.00
Forthe banf ebuff. Contains Seawoll e, Starlighter.
Bornber and Sanlefleet.
~" lots. ,.:, lots morel
Our $1.00 catalog contains a Iree program listing. programming hints, l ists of PEEKand POKElocations and other stuff that OSI
forgot to mention and lots more programs like Modem Drivers, Terminal Programs. and Business Stuff.
Aardvark Technical Services 1690 Bolton, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 (313) 669-3110
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 10/85
The telephone handset is a conve-
nience: it fits into the modem cradle
and should have a jack on the other
end to plug into your recorder out-
put A very small transistor radio
speaker could probably substitute
for the handset You can buy an ex-
pensive telephone at your local dis-
count store and cut the handset off;
you can haunt the radio junk shops;
or you can touch-up a local radio
amateur club for lntorrnatlon, There
seem to be telephoneless handsets
floating around at reasonable
prices.
The kludge, wire, and handset are
not essential. Idid my first printingover the phone lines by holding the
phone up to the speaker on my video
TV monitor. Later I held the tape
recorder microphone up to the TV to
record, and the recorder itself up the
the modem to play back.
Finally, you need a printer with a
modem attached. I use two at work.
Students may be able to use
printers at their schools. (Be sure
your employer or school approves of
this procedure.) A buddy may let you
use hls, If you are looking for a
suitable buddy, join a computer
club. After using this program you
will covet a printer. If your local
computer shop realizes this, they
may let you use their prl nter for asmall 'paper and use' fee.
These gadgets are connected
together as fallows: the tones come
out of the tone generator on your
computer; this output is on the back
panel of the C4P and on the back of
the keyboard of the C8P. (See your
instruction manuaL) Use your wire
to connect the tone generator to the
kludge and then the kludge to the
microphone input on you casette
recorder. Now it's ready to go. The
poor man's approach Is to connect
the tone generator to the video TV
monitor and play it into the
microphone on the cassetterecorder.
The Programs
Now that we have the nuts and
bolts under control let's move on to
the programs. The assembly
language program appears in
Listing 1. The OS65D operating
system has an Assembler. In fact,
this program was prepared on the
Assembler. This is probably the
quickest way to put CHEEP PRINT
29:8
into your system. Those following
this route probably need no further
help.
If you're not a programming ace,
Listing 2 gives a BASIC program
that will: (1) load CHEEP PRINT; (2)
ask you for and set all parameters;
and (3) start the program running.
The various tone mode data arelisted in Table 1. A baud rate of 110
is reliable but slow; 300 is more ac-
ceptable, but the printer you use
may give you no choice about baud
rates. The ANSWER or ORIGINATE
modes may also be fixed by the
modem. The OSI tone generator is
more 'fine-tuned' for low tones, and I
have had the best luck with these
frequencies, even though my first
several hundred pages were suc-
cessfully run with the high tones.
You may also prepare Kansas City
Standard tapes with this program.
The necessary data are given withthe modem data.
Those of you who have ROM
BASIC without OS65D are left pretty
much on your own, since the BASIC
program given here assumes you
have a disk drive and OS65D_If and
when I obtain full information on
how to connect the routine on non-disk systems, I will publish it. So·
meone with such a system could
solve the problem by writing the
solution down and sending it to his
favorite computer magazine .. The
secret- is to change the painters to
the printer subroutine so that they
point to CHEEP PRINT Instead.
With ROM BASIC this may be quite
a trick.
Using It
Finally, we need to know how to
use the program. Once the program
is loaded, the computer thinks
CHEEP PRINT is a printer. Thus all
commands or statements which
would cause a printer to print (if you
had one) will cause CHEEP PRINT
to chirp instead, In a BASIC pro-
gram,
10 PRINT "GARBAGE"
will cause the word "GARBAGE" to
appear on the screen. In the same
way,
10 PRINT #4, "GARBAGE"
will send the word "GARBAGE"
warbling out your tone generator.
Similarly LIST #4 would list a pro-
gram via tones. When you use the
device #4 statements, you will see
nothing on the screen; it's all going
out the tone generator. Don't lose
heart in this case because your
computer really is working. You may
also reset the input/output flags via
the operating system 10 command.
The command (from BASIC)
DISK"IO, OAwill cause all output togo both to the screen and out the
tone generator. DISK!"IO, 02" will
C (optional) to 10 I o t f .R 4.7K to 47K % watt resistorP 10K to 1megohm potentiometer
J RCA phono jacks
Figure 1
THE KLUDGE
J
J
TO TAPE
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 11/85
reset the 1 0 to screen only. Bewarethat the operating system objects toyour changing the output flag sothat for certain changes Inoperating mode (such as disk errorsor a CONTROL C) It will reset theflag to screen only. It you reset thecomputer, you will have to reload
CHEEP PRINT.The loading program will ask for a
carriage return time. This must bedetermined experimentally. I use await time of 20 for an NCR thermalprinter which has a fast carriagereturn. The IBM selectric is so slowthat I not only use full wait time of255 , but also add extra stop bit timeequal to 40 after each character. Inmy word processor program I use aBASIC wait loop for carriagereturns. The stop bits in the tableare minimum. They provide waittime after each character and maybe increased to any number greaterthan the minimum.
All parameters are set in thebeginning of the BASIC loading pro-gram in Listing 2. The equations forcalculating these. parameters aregiven in the Appendix. There Is agreat deal of flexibility in the recor-ding formats that you can choose.
The Bottom .LIne
Now comes the fine print. The OSI
tone generator is not perfect andneither is cassette tape. When manyappliances are switching off and on,they may upset your tape recorderand cause a slight pop to be record-ed on the tape. The keyboard cableswhich came with my C8PDF werequite short, so I added longercables. This caused havoc with thetone generator. I still have not fullycured the problem. The computer'spops and clicks are coupled throughthe long cable to the tone generatorcausing it to pop and click. In-terestingly enough, these pops are
most severe in the left margin ofCHEEP PRINT output. When I find asure cure, I will let people know.Modems don't like these pops andsay so by causing the printer tobotch a letter or two. If you runrepeated hard copy and find thesame errors in the same places,then the problem is with thecassette recording. Listen carefullyto the recording and see if you canhear the errors. One solution is tospend more money for filters. Mysolution is to record when the ap-
October 1980
1020J O. 0S O60 500070 0092-80 0001.s o 000.·lOO 001.'
110 002E-120 0027-no1.0150160 5000 ~.
170 5001 78180 50~2 A22F.
190 500. $E 01 DF
200 50Q) 202fSO
n. o 50011 3g
120 500a 611
1' 0 s o o e 1 122E LOOPl2.0 500E 900225 0 SOlO 11227260 5012 8EOlnf RR270 5015 1n2ESO280 5018 "A29 0 5019 DOF!lO O son B O E FlID 5010 11201,
l20 SOIF 20:;250
no 5022 68l.O 5023 e90Dl50 S025 11005
l60 5017 112l~ WlIlTlHO 5029 105250
l80 SOlC sa DONE59 0 5010 60
,00,1 0.20
, ' 0 SOLE 11105 DELAY.. 0 50'0 A09'2' , D 5012 88 lOOP2~60 50" DQFO
.70 50'5 ell
.80 50;16 DOFA
.90 50H 6n,OQ • [NO
pliances are qulet, plug the recorderinto a separate outlet, and keep itaway from the computer. I alsotolerate an occasion a! error. Before
I lengthened the keyboard cables, Iobtained almost perfect copy. Thefew errors I did have could be heardas tape dropout and minor clicks.This article was prepared using theword processor and CHEEP PRINT. Iam happy with CHEEP PRINT (eventhough I wish Ihad my own printer).
If you find many nonrepeating er-rors then your tone generator andthe modem have a disagreement.You own your tone generator so youchange its personality to make itmore agreeable. Since not all
modems are created equal, you mayhave different changes for differentmodems. Listing 3 gives a BASICprogram which will allow you to 'finetune' your tone generator for a par-ticular modem. Run this programand record the output via CHEEPPRINT. Look over the printed outputfor the 'best values' of HI and LO.Insert these values in the loadingprogram of Listing 2 for L1, H1, L2,etc. You will probably find that thecalculated values are best.
MICRO-- The6502Journal
Jn~1 rllr, P rn I jlT
;T.A. nr acr n l/An
;AS.~U·BLY OATil
. . . . S 5 n nnSH • sq ?
L~ • 10'SP • 10j,
W T • $J~
LO • SHHI· 121
; s r IIHT AOORESS
;OftA Y ~lmRT
;rf.L~Y I O~Ir.; ~ T O P B I T T I M F .; C AR R I M~E R EH IH tl 1111I T
;LOH TONE OIVISOR;1 11 r.f1 T ON e n IV I~ OR
; TI II S I ~ TH E M AltI PROf,R llfl
PHi l
SF.II.OX ILn
SIX IOFOl
JSR OH~YSo CROR II
LO X 'L OBCC R R
Lrx 1111S TX I nfO)JS R OElAY
LSR ASNE LOOPlnc s 1.00Pl
LOX 'SPJ SR lnOP2PlAC I' P I SO DBNF nO·IF.
LO X " 'TJS R LOOP2
e l lRT S
;SW£ CIIAR OI l STACK
; I NHI BIT I N TERR!:PTS
;5ET L O T O M E DIVISOR;TURfl TO',E ON
;WIIT O~IE n r r;SET UP A STOP BI T;CET FIRST BIT
;LO TONE DIVISOR
;GET IIIC:H TOilE IF 1
;111 T O~JE DIV ISOR
; T I IR N on TON[
; H A I T n i l E n i T;GET NUT s r r;IF NORF. RITS 111EI I; G ~ RAn ~ S f N P 111[;1;STOP R IT T I M E
; SENP STOP AITS
; GET CH~RACTER; CIIRR I A G E R HIIR N?
; NO , T I I E t I ~ O I l E;YES, THEN WAIT
; I NTER~UPTS OK NON;QUIT
;TH I SIS TIlE DELAY
L~X ILClny ISHOf.V
B NE LnOP2
OE X
~NE Loo r2Ri s
; LONG OELIIV TER"
:SIIORT DELAY T ERM
; c o uu r OOl-IN Y; C O U I I T Y T O a; C O I ' l n ~O'IN x; COI'IIT X TO 0
: GO B~CK
Listing 1
But Mom, It doesn't work
I am annoyed when Ienter a pro-gram exactly as written and it
doesn't work as it's supposed to. [can't promise you this one will work,but if it doesn't, the following hintsmay help.
There are several leve!s of 'NOTWORKING.' They are: (1 ) nothinghappens; (2 ) the system crasheswhen the program is loaded; (3 ) thesystem crashes when you try to out-put via CHEEP PRINT; (4 ) the tonecomes on but it doesn't warble; and(5 ) you get nice warbling tones butthey look like mish-mash on theprinter. The cures are as follows.
First. check (character by character)the BASIC loading program inListing 2 . An error in a DATA state-ment or a POKE wi II stop the pro-gram from running properly. Nextget your manual and compare theaddresses given there with the oneslisted at the end of the APPENDIX. Ifthey don't match, use the ones fromyour manual. There is one crucialaddress you will not find: the one forthe beginning of the printersubroutine in the OS65D inputlout-
29:9
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 12/85
put table. It should be where I say it
is, but if it isn't, hop off to your localOSI dealer and ask him, "Where is
the OS65D 1 1 0 jump table located inmy memory map? In this table,
where is the printer subroutine ad-
dress?" You don't want the-addressof the printer subroutine. You do
want the two addresses of the twolocations in the jump lable which
store the address of the printersubroutine. (Isn't that confusing?)
These two addresses, converted todecimal, appear as the addresses inthe POKEs In Ii ne '670 of Listing 2.
If you've managed to wade this
far, you should be able to playCHEEP PRINT through your video
monitor and hear warbling tones.
Now, about that mish-mash:Carefully read your manual on yourtone generator. Does everythi ng
check with the APPENDIX data? If
not, use the values from your
manual.
My computer has a 1MHZ clockfrequency. All of these programs
assume this is the clock speed. Ifyou have a newer C4P or C8P (or the
GT option) then you have a differentclock frequency. Look in yourmanual or phone your local OSI
dealer to find out your clock fre-quency. The APPENDIX exolalnshow to incorporate changes into the
program for a different clock speed.
If the program still does not work,I can offer only the fol,lowing
general observations. If you run theprogram of Listing 2 and it causesyour system to crash then the ad-
dresses in Line 670 are wrong, or theaddress in Line 540 is wrong. That
is, the BASIC program can't find theprinter jump table or it can't find a
proper home lor CHEEP PRINT. Ifthe system crashes when you at-
tempt to run CHEEP PRINT, then the
program is not properly protected
from BASIC (Lines 530-640) or the
program can't find the printer jumptable. If you hear a tone but no
warbling, then again the problem iswith the jump table. If you hear
warbling, but get mish-mash, thenthe trouble is with either the toneliming (variables: LG; SH; SP; and
WT) or the tone frequencies(variables: LO and HI). If the timingis off, your system clock is not
1MHZ. If the tone frequencies are
off, you may be able to adjust themto the correct values by experimen-
tation. The tone must sound cleanand be clear of all clicks and pops.
Good luck! You will find that aprinter gives a whole new dimensionto your co.mputing. If you have ques-
tions, I might be able to help. I'd be
glad to. reply if a question is accom-
panied by a stamped self-addressedenvelope. Write to:
Tom Berger10670 Hollywood Blvd.Coon Rapids, MN. 55433
APPENDIX
All variables are named at the beginning of the BASIC loader pro.gram in listing 2. The various stan-
dards are as follows:
BAUD RATE BIT TI M E(J.lS) STOP BITS STOP BITS(J.lS)
110 9091 2 18182
300 3333 1 3333
MODE MARK(l) SPACE(O) DIVISORS ERRORS(%)
KANSAS CITY 2400HZ l200HZ 20 41 2.4 0.1
ORIGINATE 2225HZ 2025HZ 22 24 0.4 1.1ANSWER 1270HZ 1070HZ 39 46 0.8 0.1
The frequency ot the tone generator is given by:FREQUENCY = 49152/DIVISOR.
Below, Tl is the time of 1 bit. Time through the character loop:
T1 = 1284*LG + 5·SH - 1250LG = INT((T1 + 1250)/1284)SH = INT((T1 + 1250-1284~LG)/5)The stop bit time is only approximately computed. If T is the full stop bit time then:
SP = INT((T + 1917)/1284).If your clock speed is C MHZ then use INT(C·T1) and INT(C·T) in place of T1 and T in the above formulas.
Ca Icu la ted parameters (1MHZ clock):
110 BAUDLG 8SH 14
SP 15
Calculated parameters (2 MHZ clock):LG 15SH 34
SP 30
300 BAUD31464
6437
Now the POKES of Listing 2 and their meanings:
POKE NUMBER MEANING
8960 ST Address of the last memory page.132,133 OO,ST BASIC end of memory.
8983 255 Low byte: Input/output jump table.8984 ST-1 High byte: Same as above.56832 3 Tone generator ON/OFF.57089 HI, LO Tone generator frequency.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 13/85
510-
510 ,520 ;Ttr,'lE530
540550560570580590600610620630640650660670680690700710720730740750760770
THROUGH LOOP2 TO RTS;1284*LG + 5* SH - 1275
= T (1 MHZ CLOCK)
THROUGH CHAR DECODE;T + 25 (1 MHZ CLOCK)BMJD110
; SH;LG;SP
;300 BAUD
= $OE = 14= $(18 = 8
= $OF = 15
;SH = $92 = 146; LG = $03 = 3;SP = $04 = 4
; \ ' - 1 A IT TI MES;NCR WT = $1 4 = 20;IBM WT = $FF = 255;IBM SP = $28 = 40
;ANSHER MODE;LO = $2E = 4fi;HI = $27 = 39
;ORIGINATE MODE;LO = $18 = 24;HI = $16 = 22
;KANSAS CITY STANDARD;LO = $29 = 41;HI = $14 = 20
;KC RUNS AT3!)r) B,I'.U[)
780 .ENO
listIng 2
100 REM *** A RASle LOAnER FOR110 REM *** IIOSI CHEEP PRINTII
120 REM *** T. R. BERGER 3/80
130 REM *** VARIABLE NAMES140 REM nlVISOR LO TONE; LO150 Rn1 DIVISOR HI TONE; HI160 REM STOP BIT TIME ; SP170 REM CAR RETURN WAIT; WT180 REM DELAY LONG ; LG190 RH1 DE LA Y SH 0 RT ; sri2no REM B~UD RATE ; BR210 REM BYTE OF DATA ; BY220 Rn~ ADDR CHECK CH230 REM AonR DELAY HI ; DH240 REM AODR DELAY LO ; DL250 REM APnR LOOP2 HI LH2-60 REM APDR LOOP2 LO LL270 REM AnOR START ; ST
October 1980
28029030 031 032 0330
34 03.5036 037038039040041042043041 lO
1t50460
470480490500510520530540550OK
560570580590600610620630640650660
670630690
7007107207307407507607707807908 00
REM 110 BAUD LONG ; L1REM 110 BAUD SHORT ; SlREM 110 BAUD STOP ; B1RE M 300 BAUD LONG ; L2REM 300 BAUD SHORT ; S2REM 300 BAUD STOP ; 32
REM KC TONE HI ; H3REM KC TONE LO ; L3REM ORG TONE HI ; H4REM ORG TONE LO ; L4R E M A N S T O N E H I ; H 5
REM ANS TONE LO ; L5REM MODE CHOICE ; MO$REM STOP BIT CHANGE; SP$REM *** FIXED PARAMETERSREM 110 BAUDLl=8:S1=14:Bl=15R F .~ ,1 3 a 0 BAUO
l2=3:S2=146:B2=4
REf.1KC MOP EH3=20:L3=41REM ORG f·lO[1F.H4=22:L4=24RE t,1A NS fA CDEH5=39:L5=4fiREM *** PROTECT HI MEMORYST=PEEK(89f)O)CH = (S T +1)* 2 5 6
REM IS PROGRAM LOADED?
IF PEEK(CH)<>72 THEN 630IF PEEK(CH+l)<>120 THEN 630IF PEEK(C!-I+2)<>162 THEN 630ST=$T+1GOTO 670REr "~N O, T '~ EN PROT EC TPOKE132,OO:POKE133,STPOKE896(1, ST-1RE~1 *** DOS JUf,1PTABLERE~ PRINTER SUBR ADDRPOKE89S3,255:POKE8Q84,ST-1REM *** START ADDRESSST=5T*256
REM *** CALC SUBR AODRDH=INT«ST+46)/256)DL=(ST+46)-256*DHL!-I=INT«ST+50)/256)LL=(ST+50)-25E*LHREM *** MAIN PROGRAMREM ** QUESTIONS FIRSTPRINT "CHOOSE A MODE OF II.,PRI ur "OPERATION."PR INT IIKA N SA SCI T Y lO R Ir. I~·ITE I " ;PR I NT" AN S~JER (K I0/ A ) 11 ;
MICRO -- The 8502 Journal 29:11
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 14/85
81 0 I NPllT 1,10$
820 IF MO$="K" THEN 850830 IF ~·~O$="O" THEN 8508 4 0 I F f v 1 0 $ < > IIAliT HEN 770850 PRlrn "CHOOSE A BAUD RATE."8 6 0 I~ ' PUT II(11 0 / 3 0 0 ) r r i I} R
870 IF BR=110 THEN 890
88 0 IF RR<>30J THEN 8s a
890 PRINT "CARRIAGE RETlIRN I'/AIT."
9 0 0 I ~ IP l.I T r I( < 2 5 6 ) "; I;IT910 IF IH<O OR ~\lT>255 nl12N 890
920 IF IH<>IIJT(HT) THEN 8'10
930 PRINT "CHANGE STOP BIT Tlt·iE?"9 L f O INPllT !leY/N)"; SP$950 I F SP$ <> II Y"T HEt~ 1 0209 60 PR I nr "NEI·JT11>1E?1I970 INPUT 1'«2SG)"; SPs a o IF SP<O OR SP>255 THH~ 930
990 IF SP<>INT(SP) THEN 9301000 B 1 =S P : B 2 =$ P1010 REM ** LOAD CHEEP PRINT
1020 FOR 1=0 TO 5n1030 READ BY1040 POKE ST+I,BY1050 NEXT IOK
1 0 6 0 R E f v ! * * BAUD RATE T I~·11iG1070 IF BR=110 THE~.! l()gn1080 LG=L2:SH=S2:SP=82:r.(HO 11101 090 LG =Ll: SH= Sl: SP= Bl1100 REM ** TONE DIVISORS1110 IF ~·10$="K" THUl 1140112 0 IF t ·W $ =" 0" THE N 1150
1130 LO=L5:HI=H5:GOTO 117011/40 LO=L3:!I'=H3:GOTO 1170115 0 L0 = L 4 :H I = II41160 RE~ ** INSERT PARAMETERS1170 POKE ST+3, LO: POKE ST+ 13, LO1180 POKE ST+17,HI1190 POKE ST+40,WT1200 POKE ST+30,SP1210 POKE ST+47,LG:POKE ST+49,SII1220 RE~ ** SUBROUTINE AQDRS.1230 POKE ST+8,DL: POKE ST+9,OI11240 POKE ST+22,DL:POKE ST+23,DfI
1250 POKE ST+32,LL:POKE ST+33,Ll-l1260 POKE ST+42,LL:P()KE ST+43,UI1270 REM ** TURN ON TONE1280 POKE 56332,3: P0KE 57089,HI1290 R E I - A * ** / '.l,ll.C HI NEROGRA~11 300 DA TA 72,1 20,1 62,0,1 42,1 ,2231310 DAT A 32,0,0,55,106 ,1 62,01 320 DAT A 1~ 4,2,1 62,0,14 2,1 ,2231 330 DA TA 32,0,0,74 ,208,24 1,1 76134 0 DAT A 239,16 2,0,32,0,0,1 041 350 DA TA 201 ,1 3,208,5,1 62,0,321 36 0 DA TA O,O,38,36 ,lG 2,1 ,lG O,D
1 370 DA TA 1 30,208,253,202,2081380 DATA 250,9G1390 END
OK
Listing 3
100 REM *** TESTER FOR
110 R E / ' J 1 *** "OSI CHEEP PRINT"120 REM *** T.R. BERGER 3/80130 RE~ ** GET START ADDR1 40 ST =PEEK (89G O)1 50 5T =( ST +1 )* 256160 REM ** DETERMINE MODE170 INPUT lit/lODE(KID/I'd"; tlO$
180 IF f'<iO$="KIIT HEt J 22' )1 9 fl I. r··10$ =" fl. II TI-IN 2 3 n200 IF MO$="OII THE~I 240210 GOTO 170220 LO= 41 :HI =20: GOT O 260
230 LO=4G:HI=33:GOTO 2FiO240 LO=21~:HI =22250 REM ** SET I/O260 DISK!"IO ,OA"270 RE M ** PRINT LOOP280 RE/ilVARY LO290 FOR I =LO-2 TO lO+2300 POKE ST+3, I: POKE 5T+13,1310 RfY VARY HI320 FOR J=HI-2 TO HI+2330 RE~ KEEP HI ABOVE LO3 4 0 I F I < = J TH EN 5 10
350 POKE 570R9,J360 POKE ST+17,J370 RE~ LET NEW TONE GO380 FOR K=O TO 1000390 NEXT K!tOO RE~4 OUTPUT HII CE410 FOR K=O TO 14 20 PRlr 'H " AB CDEF GHI JK LM NOPQ RS" ;4 - 3 I) P R 1 NT" T U V \-/ X Y Z 012 3 1 . 1 - 5 5 7 8 9 "
440 PRinT "!#$%&'() =Cr+r «] .";
450 PRIIJT ":? II
460 PRINT "THIS IS A TEST."uz o PRI ~I T " HI ="; J; "LO=" ;I480 PRI.IT PRI NT49 0 r~EXT K500 NEXT J510 NEXT I520 PR I NT "TEST CQt·1PlETE."530 REM ** RESET I/O540 DISK!I'IO ,02"550 REM RESET TONES560 POKE ST+3,LO: POKE 5T+13,LO570 POKE ST+17,HI580 END
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 15/85
Sirius Software announces
TWO CONTESTS
1. STAR CRUISERDoes something unusual when you score over 9999. Be the
first to describe what happens and win $100 cash. Earliest
postmarked correct entry wins. Send your entry with the
face sheet from the package or other proof of purchase to
Sirius Software.
2. E-Z DRAW
We're looking for the most creative use of E-Z Draw.
Judging will be done by members of the Apple Sac Club
based on originality, artistic merit, and practicality. First
prize will be $100 cash and ten runners up will each receive
their choice of either E-Z Draw, Starcruiser or both barrels.
Enl.I... eer both con'",'. mu., bepOllmarl<"d betere 12131/80. $1., Crulle' entrlel n".d only oand prool 01purchase with. written descrlpllon 01whal happened when they leored
ave. 9999. E-Z Draw entrlel mu.' b•• ubmltted on apple compallble dl.ken •. Entrl•• mu811ncludename,addre .. & phone number. DI.ketl ... willbe returned 10Ihe conl•• tonl.bul we
"annol gua.e ntee •• 1. relum and wewillnol .. eume ",apo nil bllllybeyon4lhe COilof • bl. nkdl.kene lor any work oubmlnltd, WInnero 01 '''e ca nle.lI will be contacled dlreclly I nd Ihe
namel 01.11 wlnn.ra willbe announced In.dver1Jlemenl, Inthl. mallazlne oller Jenuary I, 1981. Con,..,1voId where prohlblled by law.Employee. or lamlly 01Siriu, Sottwa .. or Ih..Ir
dl.lrlbulor •• re excluded 'rom partlclpallon.
E- Z DRA W and DU C K HU N T inclu de char act er gener at io n by Ro n and Dar r el A ldr ich
SIRIUS SOFTWARE is proud to announce that SYNERGISTIC SOFTWARE
is now a distributor for these products. Contact your local dealer
or call SYNERGISTIC SOFTWARE at (206) 641·1917.
SIRIUS SOFTWARE
1537 Howe Avenue #106Sacramento, CA 95825
(916) 920-8981
SYNERGISTIC SOFTWARE
5221 120th Ave. S.E.Bellevue, WA 98006
(206) 641-1917
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 16/85
PRINT USING for Applesoft
One of the minor but annoying problems with BASIC is
the format of output. The program here permits user-
defined formatting of the output for Applesoft, and can
be easily modified for other flavors of BASIC.. . . . . . . .""" . . .
When I started using my APPLEfor business programming, my big-gest headache was format1ing out-put for reports. I started out usingvarious BASIC subroutines that
barely performed the needed joband required a lot of overhead. Tiredof using MID$, LEFT$, RIGHT$, and
STR$, I decided to write a general-purpose print formatter using the
USR function in Applesoft.
The routine is written entirely in
assembly language, which is idealfor handling this sort of problem. It
Is used from BASIC by assigningthe string variable ED$, the edit pat-tern showing how you want the out-put formatted. During a print state-ment when you use the USR func-
tion, the argument is evaluated andthen printed in the format specifiedby the current value of ED$.
In the sample BASIC program (infigure 1) line 10 loads the machine
language program into RAM at$30043A9. Then line 20 puts a "JMP
$0300" at $OOOA, which is used byApplesoft to find the routine to beused. Lines 10 and 20 are only need-
ed once at the beginning of a pro-gram. Line 30 assigns an edit pat-tern to the variable ED$. Line 40 is a
sample print statement that usesthe USR function. Line 50 assigns a
value to X (that we want printed)rounded off to two decimal places,and line 60 does this. If you wanted
to round to three places, the 100would be changed to 1000 and the
edit pattern would have to be chang-
29:14
ed to allow three digits after thedecimal paint. Note that any valid
expression could be within theparenthesis of the USR function.
The routine works by taking thenumber that Applesoft would nor-mally print out and filling up the edit
pattern with those characters fromright to left, skipping over decimalpoints, commas and special
characters.
The output of the routine may beused wherever a BASIC PRINT state-ment can be used, such as printingto a disk file, to a printer, or just tothe screen. It is especial ly desirablefor creating fixed-length records in
files.
The edit pattern can be fairly com-plex, as in figure 1 ., or it can be simp-
ly blanks. USing a blank pattern willcause the number to be right-justified within the number otblanks in the edit pattern. If thenumber is too large to fit in the edit
pattern, the lett-most digits will betruncated. Any special characters($ ,." -7- %:*) in the edit pattern will
be skipped, and the digits will fill inover blanks or numeric digits in thepattern.
The zeros are used in the edit pat-tern so that, it the number is small,
there will always be zeros betweenthe decimal point and the right·most
column. It the number is too small tofill past the comma(s), then the ex-tra commas will be replaced with
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
Gary A. Morris53 Fairfield Ave.Norwalk, CT 06854
blanks. When using an edit pattern
with a decimal polnt, the argumentfor the function must be a whole
number, or two decimal points willresult. The edit pattern must be less
than or equal to 16 characters inlength. If it is greater, it will be cutoff at 16.
The machine language programwas written so that it can be located
anywhere in addressable memoryspace. It is completely relocatable.
That is, no changes are needed to. run it at another address. It requires169 ($A9) bytes of RAM. The pro-
gram uses the same zero page loca-tions that are assigned to Applesoftso that there are no conflicts. It alsouses 752-767 ($2FO-$2FF) as a bufferto perform editing. This area is in
the input buffer and is not used dur-ing printing (except when printinDOS commands).
How It Works
For those of you who would like to
know how the program works, keepreading. Starting with the PRINTstatement, the argument for theUSR is evaluated and placed in thefloating point accumulator by theBASIC interpreter. Then a JSR ismade to $OOOA, where we have aJMP to the start of our subroutine.
At the beginning of the machinelanguage subroutine, the Applesoft
floating paint accumulator is con-verted (lines 48-55) into a characterstring, in the format that Applesoft
October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 17/85
would normally print it out. This isdone by the Applesott subroutinesFPSTR1 and FPSTR2 (my names).These routines leave the resultingstring at the bottom of the page us-ed for the stack ($100).
The routine then searches (lines
57-75)the variable table to find ED$.When found, its value is moved(lines 77-83) to the buffer area($2FO-$2FF).
After the program has all thenecessary data, it starts to work.The length of the unformattednumber is found (lines 85-90);andthis number (an ASCII string rightnow) is then moved (lines 92-133)ln-to the buffer, one character at atime, from right to left. The currentcharacter in the pattern is checkedand, if it is a special character, it is
skipped. Minus signs are carriedover any digits in the pattern so thatthey will be on the left of thenumber. This process continues un-til we run out of characters to put inthe pattern (or the pattern fills up),at which time any leftover commasare covered up (lines 135-145)withblanks.
Finally the program is ready toprint out the result. Lines 147-152print out all of the number, exceptthe last digit (I'll explain this in amoment), using the output routine in
Applesoft. This output routine doesall of the necessary checking andconversion so that Applesoft'sSPEED,INVERSE,and FLASH func-tions will work. The routine also setsthe most significant bit of all outgo-ing ASCII characters.
The USA function must return- avalue to the BASIC program, whichwill be printed out by the BASIC in-terpreter, because we are ina PRINTstatement. The last character of thebuffer (which must be a digit) istaken and converted to an integer
in the Y register and passed to Ap-plesoft's integer to floating conver-sion routine (lines 154-161). Thisroutine converts the integer (passedin the A, Y registers) into floatingpoint in the floating paint ac-cumulator, which is Just where weneed it to pass back to BASIC.
Hardware Requirements
This program requires an APPLE1 1 + , and APPLE I I with anApplesoft
October1980
card, or and APPLE II with alanguage card. It will work in anymemory Sizesystem. A disk drive isnot required.
machine language routine, the pro-gram can be used with HAM Ap-plesoft (which loads in at$0800-2FFF). After keying in thecode from figure 2, if you then key in
the code from figure 3, it will runwith RAMApplesoft instead.
If the appropriate changes aremade to the JSR's and JMP in the
Figure 1:Sample Program
]LIST
10 PRINT CHR$(4);"BLOAD EDIT.OBJECTCODE,A$300"
20 POKE 10,76:POKE 11,0:POKE 12,330 EO$="$ , 0.00"40 PRINT "SUB TOTAL ••• M;USR(3495)50 X=12345.·6789960 PRINT "NET TOTAL •••";
USR(INT(·X*100+.5) )70 END
]RUN
SOB TOTAL •••$ 34.95NET TOTAL .•.$12,34S.68
Figure 2: HEX DUMP
0300- AS 52 48 20 34 ED 20 E70308- E3 68 85 52 A9 45 A2 C40310- 85 81 86 82 20 53 EO AD0318- 04 81 98 85 84 88 81 980320- 85 83·88 81 98 C9 10 900328- 02 A9 10 85 DO A8 88 B l0330- 83 99 F O 02 88 10 F a AD0338- 00 89 00 01 F O 03 C8 DO0340- F a A6 DO 88 89 00 01 4.80348- 68 48 C9 20 DO DE BD EF035D- 02 C9 20 90 16 CA DO F O
0358- 68 18 90 35 BD EF 02 C90360- 20 F O D B C9 3A FO EE C90368- 30 90 EA 68 90 EF 02 CA
0370- FD I F c o 00 DO CD E8 180378- 90 10 B D EF 02 C9 24 FO0380- 10 C9 2E B O 05 A9 20 900388- EF 02 CA FO 04 E4 DO 900390- E9 A2 01 BD EF 02 20 5C0398- DB E8 E4 DO 90 F5 SO EF03AO- 02 4 9 30 A8 A9 00 4C F 203AB- E2
MICRO-- The 6502 Journal 29:15
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 18/85
wZH
. . . . J
I:oJ) .... 0
O"Q! III·...C I: s: t/)
• . .-4' • . . . - . 1 1 U ............. Q)Q!
o J) . ... ::J : > . .. ..(II oJ) 0· I:.Q
oJ) ... U 0 OJoJ) 0 t/) U·....Q) ._, 0: : O J . . .
... 0 0.. OJ'0 t r> , . .. I: " - < e -
'UdrlOJ
""j < l I . . . . ~ 'l!
Q!OJ:> I : '0I: 0 c · . .. .- < ' :...... r-I a ~ z ',,"",,'._, U 0. ......~ flo·· ...
o. . ..Q
:JoJ)
....cot.l~mu
......'OU1W""O U 1 o o " " . o : ; o otr.INrl,.---4rl;~
< l J { / > < 1 } ( 1 ) W < J l -. . . . . I I II II II II
0.o.rlN.0 :;0 ::0 :: 0 ..
E - < E - < . . . [ , .,,0~ < J l < J l ~ ~ Z, .( o . , o . . O Z . . . ." , . " , , , , U . . . . - < .
(>l
CI
ou
oo. . . . J
000000
000000
000000
000000
"'0 ....N<"1..,.
" , . . , . " " . " " . . , . " "000000
000000
. . . .(>l
ZH
.. J
ooM(I).
> < i ;
E -!u00 .IJ
OJo
oN
oa, . ,aU>~
< l J. . . . . . . . .1 1 ) . 0
OJ< lI . .. .
, ~ 2" ' . . . . . .0 " < 1 1. . . . . .o~
aoM
o{l)-
II
i<
00
000<"100
<0 .....
" " " "'000
o. . . .
0"I:•..-1
. _ ,OJo
. . . . . .
......0'0c - e
.,i,..J.~ ...J
. . . . . . , u . .Q! . .. . < C:> oJ )
0: :01-1UI-I
U. . . . <J lt/)": ....
'... 0::.....c < C" - < ti l . . ..•• " [J)
0>1 : 9 -._.-4 c. . . . . . . . .III..
0.......... t/)
. . . . . .o
t VQ ) . .. .
:> I:.: . . . . .o 0Uo.. . . . "" "
OMWt.lN ~r.....If) , . . , wlf1o 0 CJ
' < C . . " ' " N
00 0"''''<0 O ' I . < C00000000
Mr"'":I MriM"""" I '""""J('I ')
00000000
ooO>O .....,..,...,.."iiI;1'~~lt)~~,ln..n
00000000
00000000
E -t:zH U " l C O M . .: CP:;,.....jNrl,.....jrl
PILl)
rll!lUtz..alClN¢Lf).,;j
< . . . : IOHH . . : CIllUMMMMM
1'\ 1'\ i' o k . . . iC - I I :
wZ. . . ...l
4..... illIII E
Q) "l III.... ..c s ::..cOJ. . . . .. ..III': .....
:> ... +< 1 ) - . . . W t.l
. . . . U : : E : : : E :(II .... - ( 1 ) < C . : c
L : " , . . . _zz.... 0-
< C X < C X O : : ~ < C C ~ . o : ; C ~ . : c o . . v . : c . : c'U ....C O . .. .- < <J lC CE - <W OE - < WC : : E :U CE - <C _ . . l . . J < J l < J l ~ . . l . . l < J l o . . . . J O O O . . l u m . . J < J l.r-4 "'0
. .. .. . ' 1 1 :: < ::u
3:' <II 0::O L : CZ ....w•••• w
Qj. . . . . . . .III .QL : P P l U)
.... .....0...
' "} :>1Ilo .....w u
owI.f) "(j'! ......-IN, r-'l - . : : f I OJ
VUOOOOL.l10O>O"INL'l\COO,r--li
< C , . . : c 0:)o N < C co
. . . .
.co
. . . . .
E"CI:l ' I I
E );
.....0')C .....
III .....e . 0 : 1
£-.. . . . D0'....c< 1 ) oJ)
, . .. , -4 ' . .. . ..
. . .'0'UI I I
. . . .Q)
0'
W
. . l . . . ..a l +
o 0:: a:Z C E - <....'>z" - < _ - 0 . .
_..,wo Jroa: a:, . ( E - <>z~ ' o . .
W. . . . J : ; ; :III :.:; ....
a: 0 0. o : : I D Z I D Z>..-.w w~ _ o J ..l
_..,a:o : : wE - < [ ' "Z " - <0 . . : : : 1-Ill
I:. . .Q). . . .. . . .III0..
> < > < < C . - . : : . . . o JQ ) C W O f - < w o . .L : E - < C . . . . J O O O a l. . . .< 1 ) N
:> 0..o 0: : E : 0
. . l ,
..,. co,.., mONOo
00 "'00 "'...........1 I1 00 . .. ... .. .,( l( :O .. .. ... -I 0 '1 10 0" '1 V 10000meo 0 0 < 0 U",...:c0
No....,0 roC O u . . u . .
co 00"'" < » 0 0 0. . : 0 0 < 0 " ' 0 0 . . . . .
O . O W " - < . . . . ..,.U"lNNNN"""MM
MMM,-.,r""':IMf"'l
0000000
.....OO'lO ......I")
. . . . . r-t--cocoooo:)0000000
0000000
UUUWON~ o>mOWON<"1ml'-mm0060 .....~ ~..........NNNNNNM~~~~MMMMM~M~MMMMM~
0000000000000000000
.....:)0'I0 ....M~m~l'-000'l0 .....M"'m
m m m < O I D W I D < O < O I D ~ ~ I D " " ' ' ' ' ' ' " " , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0000000000000000000
0000000000000000000
~ i < i < i < i < i < • i < ~ « i<
i < O i <
~ W i <. . m i <. .. .'".. .'" .. .. .i<
i<
-lit. .. .. .i<. .. .. .. .. .. .i<. .. .i<. .. .i<. .i<
i<
i< « i < . . i < . . . . . . . .
.. .o. . . .
. . . . .. . . . . . ."';:1
o tJ: :E . .. ..
.f.J
> -u.. Q)
Pll
C / ' :. 0
:>.U.Q
0.>(
c o ...."'Ill. . . . .J:
. . . .~O
UZ
o. ..Q )E
EoU
. . . .0:Ilo
. . .. . .t . . . . . 't. ., . .. . ~. . 'Iio t.. .... • .. o r . .
Woao
uoo J
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000
NC""'II'q"'tIlWf'-o,OO'O'lO 'N00000000 .....
00000000000
00000000000
. . . . . . .. ."'''.Z... : ( i <. . . . , . .
i<
i<. .. .. .. .. .i <. .i <. .. .. .i <. .i <
i <
. .i<"'i<,
W", i <
:£i<U)..
. . . : . .« ..
0 - < l ' . . . .. . . . E - < C < l '
I X - , . . . . .. IJ J..:. .u
O "E '< ':) ......:sU)0~" " " : I . . . . . \ . ." J I ~ . . .. .
J:O J . .. .. . < l'
, _ , L : I:l"oJ) ...., s ::< II .....
.. Q) Q) ". . . . s : : . . . 0: :: J . ;. .. . Q) _.
0 " .. .. ,. .: : . .. .. .(II ::J ) 0
"0 ....... .(1l Q!
C < l ' I I l . . cO ..: :Q ) ....
,t""'I,... j.J ' J r , . . . r
. . . . ' 0 I:I.) '0 < l I
1 : : . . .. .. 111£~o .iJuD1""""iiN
. . . . . . ' I I 0.. ................
......::'0:£
.......Q)'JW W&.la: <l l 't:l ::.:; :.:; :.::
w ....II III <UOOO~ oJ) ...... 0£0.. ,0.. 0..• < II ..........
Pll(11 ::I 000
. .: ;. .: : 0"1I l 0. .....N M
E - < . . . . Pll,":::1
C... Q)
J.) Ql ..... (1l 0>...... .u.o III I::o J.) OJ
V J t " Ij . .. .. . O J \..I.
' I I O''''..c: ........... (II III...PllII
o.E.f.J:>(J'I .c0. O J . .. . i::... .....:cc'OOPll(l)...l I
< 1) : : 1 . . ..... (I) n. I.)0 . . . . .0 . . . . : : : : : 1 I I I......Ij.,.,Q)".a .. I.P
P ! I . . . . < 1 ) <litO(J'I s :: ,f.J . .c . .: :III , EU. . . . ." ' 1 : 0 1 1 1 ' 0 : : 1.. . . ; : . o . o . o . . < l ' C ' l l
I D
mN
i<
\0
U1
N<,£ - <0:; ...." : I D£ - o miIlN~ . . . . . . . .£ - o f - <Z.O::H < CI E -<
E d U lo:~" ( E o <
l D E - < : Zr-.UlH
00
" - < 0.. N,.....MCQOr\l,.....
IOU1 co co "'0 00Q) V> (fl-U) {f> (fl-U)V>
. . . . . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
.DIII U ' : : < : : 0:; CI....0 . . l E - < w : z" ' C U l O : O l C / u . . 1 - IO J o J : : i : E - < . I l : Z [ " ' a :> " - < " : Z . : ( w ~ £ - o• • - . c z o . . > . .l < 0 0 0
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
000000000
000,00.0 0000000'00000
000000000
" "U 1< O .....OO'lO ...................................N
00000000
00000000
M ""PJ')"" ..... COO'lO .....NNNNNNNM,..,
000000000
000000000
N0..
aoo.l
CI0' ZNs :: Hf-' 0..
. . . . . O : : X 0""O£-<W 0,
. . . . U l : z . . lt/)
> < " ' : O > < U lQ } Q O U l Z Z
L : . .l o J < O .. . . .«I. . . .
. . . . .oOaf'") co
000 [0"
00>,0000
<cw,,-<UO
..........'uw[",MriM1"'l'M~
M~rr")MMM
000000
< n" ' . .. . .00'1 °COm roo:> 00 0'1000000
000000
cIII ... 0
(J'I W ill· ....I: c..c IIIFn • -j ti ......
. . . . . . ' I I < l I(1l .... ' :) .... : > . .. .. .II! t/) 0''-' c..cIII ....U 0 It!(1l 0 oJ) o :...II! JJ .: III ....... C 0.. III't:l 0'..... :: 1 '. 0 ; : .
'OO::oJ)<ll
"'"" .. fllll. . . . 0 1 1 . . . . . . . .
PllPll:>':0I:O.:· ... E - < c.;-01,.-.1 0 ~ Z ,"""',
..........U 0. ......':) .~ ~ "o.. ..D::J
III
. . . .
......".....N,...,OM UlU1u.. lI'1oJ) ,0,.., o:l NO
Q ) W W O W W"""'(/ JoIDl.I)-{f}V)ooo
0. I I I I I I I I I I
0.C.....a:a: 0..
: : E E - < E - < £ - < u . . 0O U l U l : : J E - < : Z' 0 : 0 " 0 " 0 : z . . . .. ~ r . . . . u . . P-I " - <
000000
000000
000000
000000
NM~U"1\.O"""MMMr"lI"""lr1
0000,00
000000
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 19/85
000000......~ ............-' ......
.........Lo>WW0\00>-..Ic\U1
000000WwWwWW
O>COCO-..l..,J..,JU1 .....__"'lO:l>'
:l>'roO"'lOo:l\00"'0..00f'00l"l.l . .. .. .N[1'1
0U1[')0 ....'l
oN
ro:lOo:lor003:[');3:0:l>'Ul'UO'tJ:I>'
-Z........:1• C'l • 0• ::X'Z<I>"'l
- >-1- [')- "'l,_ _ [')
;tII
. . . .
00000000000 0000000000000. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. , .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ._. . .. .. - . .. .. .. .~. .. .. ,. l -I~ . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . - . .. ..
l,.JWWWNNr\JNI'VNN NNrv ~ ............. . . . . . . , ~ t - ' , . . . _ . . . . . . ,Wrv ....."'CD-.JmV''''"W rv .....\OO>..,JC\U1"'"WN .....
00000000000 0000000000000WWWWWWWWWWW (,..JWWWW\..oJW ..... .WW~t,..JIW
-.J-.I-.l-.l-.l-.lm",mmm "'''''''UlU1U1U1U1U1U1'''''' ....CCI-....m"",rvo"'lOo:lW-..I UlW ....lO:l>'<ooo"''''w ....')
\01-'[')00 "lO\D "'\000(000000»000001.0...... nO .....M r'!wo tlO"'l "l »00
oIV
"'lO"'lnUJ\O .....ool.OOUJ0..00\0000>(00»00\00[ 1 1 W C } K . i - [ ' I ) W ~ I - - " N L I ' l
M:I>'COO"lU1 0 mo",
o 0
00000000l Io-'~ . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..-t--I00000000"'O>-.l"'''' ....rv
00000000wwwwwwww~,b...bo~A~~::'
( ' ) > 0 "'O>-..I.... ......
o 0"""''''' UJoo:l>'0\0 CO (x) (x) \OCO'"ON 0 0t'l0 ° a
a. . . . .
3:H
Zc:Ul
(') t'lZ: :J: 0[l
t'l rXo 0>-1:> : ON
'U
tlln'U'U'UrorZ3:::J:r::J:Or'lOt'l'tl»o»o»o»o><X
000000000......00000000"'''''''''''''''''''\0O<OOO-..l"'U1 ....N
000000000ww'wwwwwwwbo,.n...b..,I::i.~~~~..t:.
.................--'I- ........ ......--'
roo
(')
oat'l
oH
C)
H
>-1
0- Ul r. . . . . - > - 3 [ ' )C " l ;tI ZH - ..... C " l>-l z,.,j
C " l ::J:
><
x
'U(II
....-3o
;:J
(II C
(Il
0". . . . . , . , .
(II::r:I III;<:';:J
"'Il 0.0 .....
'" III III< : . . . . - . . . . .10 0.
(I1C>-,II>;<:' 111,..,.;3:.. ·:110 III ;<:'00o.O ,..,.,..,crlO ..... < ::I ... ,..,. >-''0 '0 III
J o - - I O J ! H'Ut--II
:10. 0 . .. .. .. ·10( /1.. · 111 7<"0 :I,..,,..,.,..,.....-....:(ill ,..,....
00:1([110 . .. .. .. ill: : J . . . . "
a.;:lll>1110.0
r. . . . .Zt'l
IJ:In.....llnIJ:lOUl'UUJn (llOtllorro(')'UtlloUJnrnrZZ'UM(,},.,jr(')3: ["O]3:C'l3:onrrZ[')03:0nnxC'l><Ox..:t>':t>'O'U O'UIO'U:t>'nO:t>'t'lxn'U:I>'
z["]
x,.,j. . . . . .
(fl,,", Ul....O-U10:>;-:>;·;tI-c:O....0 """'0 "'IZ'U''U''U'''lt'lH H H C W J> -3 ,.,j ,.,j ;tI
I. . . . .
0- UI;tI • c:o I "l
'U • '"H t'l>-1 ;tI
I,_ _
<1 :I00 0.0
1-'03 ....III ;3 3 ... ,.,.
.... "''''1-'0(l ,..,. - ......
ocro (11 ... r+........ 3 C rr ;:l::T1I>3;:l 0 1I>.a 10
:( :> OJ,..,. ;:l
r o 7<"' a. 0"til ..... 11 > OC
o "1J < : H
o ,..,.,..,.;3lOro ,.."
3 ..·::r::r ...• ....... 10'" ;:l m 10 ;:l
;:J CO,..,. "1J(Ilo.;:l
o ,..,.< " III (fJ C ,..,::r 1 1 > ,.. ,. (Il. 3...
C J l l l m . . . . - eTO'0 m 0.0 C I> 3
0.0" .... ::1 ...oco.O:: l til.,.......... rrr--"iM'Lr".:;r'::f'
OJlD;:J(uro.... '10.0 (Il :: >
M 000000000 000000 00000
t':l < : U l Z 3 : L ' H ' T J t : 1 0 : l > ' (f) U l ;tI 1 1- 1' .. .. ., . .. .. .. , .. .. . . .. .. .. .. : 1- " 1- -" . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . I-' .................. ,_..~ " " "' "' . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. t -- "
Z : l > ' ? ' : t l J H O Z H O : : : C ' " ' l ~ ~ ;tI m",mUlVlU1V1UlU1 UlU1"' ............" " ' . . . . " " . . . . " ' "0 '-'...."'CO-..l"'UlJ:>. ~l--'or""oCC-.....l " ' . .. .' - ' IV . .. .. .
t j : ; d H X Z 0 0 - , 3 Z Z r : : l L ' 3: 3: ;tI0 : 1 " 0 0 - , 3 c : : : " O ' " ' lO t l J O > ' OJ t t l Ul 000000000 000000 00000
O L ' H N U l ' U : , ; : 0 0 0 wwwwwwwww Wwwwww wwwww:I>':I>':t>'»<D<DI.O'" < D < O < D " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' (x) (x) c o 00 c o
' " ' lt l J 0 - , 3 L ' L ' <Dm .... .....'lt'lt'lC'l o > "''''w .... "1oro:l>'-..I0
> ' O O O O O t l J M O 00 0 - , 3 0 ....t>'>....o w[>]r'lNUI» \OC'l"'ln'"
til O W W W W N O W W 0 :t - o n",oo\Oo O ...."OON 0 ....»000 "'l0 wt"J '"T]O Ul[')O !:'lOa t"J
U l 1 . OU 1 " " ' .. , .W ' " ' l U 1 \0 ..".U1 < OJ NO O"l VI 0 n'"T]'__ \0o .... '"'lt l J t t l U1 . .. .. .l J \ o f V W . . . . . .J J N :t- L ' 1\ C'l a 00 0
3 t'"' r : : l °N N IllN N
°t l c : : : 0 rtl ZL ' { f ) ' U Z L ' L ' ' T J t : : J O U l t l J 0 ,..,.0 0- 3 00 t'l
-c o - , 3 Z : l > ' O t l J ' U : : O O L ' v o 0 C J oz X
; t : ' 0 - , 3 3 0 Z U l O C : : : : l > ':I 7<" 'UC'l 0- 3
O J < : m . . . . I-
: : : o : : u t l J ' U 0 0 - , 3 " 0 0 - , 3 Z '0 C I>
0 - ' 3 N > - 3 : : O H :,;: '0 .... , . . , .
: : : c . . . . . . > - , 3. c:..r"]C'lrl-'''''':T 1J:I0,...c:..rr tllnlJ:locn!:'l3:0:l>00m ro o'Uzcnoo n'tit'lr'lo--lZ'O;;.><;tI:I>'III... (')XX:;IJ;;'X oxox;;.
00000 t'1 000 0 o rr . . . . . .
W O O W O o w U I W . . . . . . . . . ....o"' II> rr Oro .. [pro tnzo -C::rT("1"Ul 0C') Oc: ...... rMO c ::
O C J J C J J N t j W 0\ U 1 --.J ,.,j O"l o r+oz
C:", :l>'ZZ "l
O w . . . . . .T J0 . . " . t t l O > ' "J • '"T]..,. 'Uo >-1"l ZOC'l "l'0 !:'l0 , . . , .....,j [') :>;0-,) t'l
:;IJ. . . . . " ::J: ;0 ::J: ;tI
U l O O Z L ' '"'It'10OJI 0" 0 ;:T I I
L ' . . .. 1 I l1 l >! l l . . . . ,_ .
o - , 3 t l J r : : l O t T l " O O H C : : : , . . , . . . . .
: : : O : l > ' X O Z t I l L ' O ' " ' lx'O ..... X X
0 ::r ...... .... :> . . . . ([10H : : 0 0 - , 3 " O O > - ] O H ' T J 0 ....·0 ....10 '1 xc ..Z O . . . . . .. , . ? ' : X l O > - 3 t l J ;:l ;J 0 o r - t - "(l
O : : : C N"O : : u c 00 rr 3 I'D '0 ...ro '1 . ... ro III "1J c : ...... . , 0 . 0 - 0.:1 rTCl'::l
0000 0 t l J O O 0 c 1 " 1 1 > < I I . 0 - r T " r-r. . . . . . W W W W W W W N . . . . . . . ::r >-'0"
O O O O I . O N t l J . . " . V 1 ' " ' l '". . ,([I III C rr
0"0" ([I tIlM'l::rO O : t " W U I - . . . I W O O ....<'< c1 " 0" r T " . .. . lD
<II , . . , . , . . , . C c I'D
r T " 1 I l 1 l l . . . . . . . . () '1
c :I ,.." ::r. . ,'" '":l . . . . . ., . . .
rr~
["0] .... 0000r Zo t'l
o'0
tllc::"l"'lM;tIII-
x x~·<0
'"+:r0"Ill ....
. . . . ' "'" ;:l
" "-r
o '""'1
-<f>0
3
o .....,.." , . . , .
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 20/85
Skyles Electric Works
Presenting the Skyles MacroTeA
Text EditorTo help you wrlt~ your program, M.al :: foTeA includes a
powerful lex l editor with 34 command tuncncns:
AUTON umbB,~ ii nes nutoena ~eal Iv,
N UM BE P; A~ I cme rlce IIv f en omeer s l in es.
FORMAT Oureurs raxt file in eaev-tc-read toh.Jn"Il]$
COP'¥ " Cooi 9'5; <I' 111"eor '!)rou p o f 111l 1 ;! ' 50c . i l l n E!\Ij ,!
Ioeeucn,
MOVE Mo~, el ine or grol, lp01l ines.to ene.....
tccarlcn. -
DELETE Deletes a line Qr ,g'I; IUO01 line- s,
CLEAR Cle.illr$ the 1ut 'ilE".
PRIN-t Pnrne a rlM Or 9!'"OlJP01 lines 10
the PEi screen
PU T Savas i!I lioB IJ[ 9rou" ot Ii ....s 0 I tee I on
!ne tape 10" easel.
GET Loees a. Prfl'Yiou:slvsaved line or group ot lines
of text hom 1I'i~ ta~j]! tor discI.
DUPL!CATE CoP;~ le~I fi'le modules Ircrn one tape
recorda r to • he orh er . Stop'§: on spec! fie
modu r es t o ; (1111w chaf'lge$ be tore it '1 s d u pt t,
c ar ed . T hi '5 - co mm an d m ak e~ ,i jln u nt lm ite d
hlr"ili,;llh p~ogr.lilm ~IUt FilE! '] prect lcal .
HARD Prin.l$ OI,(ltU!, 'ile on primerASS E MBL E A:'j,:s~bles IE!xt fi le wi f+ t or wi' lhou! ill I i ~ t i 1"19.
A.s:sl9mblyma-y 'til: ~iPe~ined I ·or rhe obj ll !'CI t"tldl!i
t p r o o g r am) i0 be '-EC o rded 0 r plated .i n A AM
rnemcrv
PASS Does second pass [)I eseemb IV _ Another
c o mma rl ld Ihat makes un l im ited re n.O(h Iex·1
I iI~ ,i SQU r ee u nd n l p ra .c 1ica l.
RuN AU"': I; le»ecc resl a. previously esserobrec
program.
SV MaO L,.S Pr in Is OU\ tne S"ymbO<1~ab l e { I~b- el I i le 1_
Fast... Fast AssemblerBriefl,y. the pseudo-ope are:
• BA Com ri'I.and~ I he- a SM!lmb I £II to b elg it i p i <icing aS$~mb Ieel
ead& where ~ndle , ! I" Iad,
• C!:; Com rn3r"1ds !l"Ie auemb I er [ 0 ceer . nue assemb ! V un tess
eel ' ta in se dou$ e rml~ occw . AL I eerc rs are printoo OU. ,
• L S Co rru·l,a~ds Ihe a s s .e m b I e: .f \ 0 : 5- 1r t IU:III·"'J e ewce he)!: I
r ue ! tm m thi~fJOii" ' i too.
• LC Ccrnmancrs the assemeter TO :5-IOP u st source tle){t filelfrom Ihi5 j;lOLnl in tbe pro-gi'"am,
• cr Comma nd_ 'SI I - . r e assemb Iet to coo {irr.r..reh;[l!t $0wee
prog . .am I le '~ t f jl e~ on rape.
• OS Comm a nd 'S I h e e s sem b ler to 510 ro e t h e o b j' E !C . c e d e In
memory.
• OC CQmmCllld'!i: 'Ih.i!!' i ! I '5:sembll l ! lr 10' n ot 'I tore object code In
rnernorv,
• Me Comm an d'S; the eseembler r o SIOf't! !obi ece code et 10C!1i-
tlon dif le r@n. Ircm the teceucn in Which it is . ;m.E!mbl ing.
cblect code,
• S E Commatios . ttl €: .as , -S: f :mble~'to :note a 1" 1 ex e e t!"Jal ad'di'"e:ll_'5:_
• DS Co m m8na~ t h e " ,~e mbler 11;1se I a:5lda a bloc k of ~tO,agl(r_
• 8'1'" Comma n~5 1hi!' .a .s5E!mb f er t o S ID re d<l lC l_
• C E Com mends the- assemb Ier to car cc Ia ee an e :w:u·rnar 1i8:beIeepreeston.
.. 0 I Commends the esaernbler '10 c ad CUl ate an. i'ue",,,al label
i!:xpr,e:s.'Sion.
• EN Intorms till:! asse rnbte r Il 'l< it tl ifs f~ t il e end of Ihe
prog';:Ul'l.
• EJ Ccmmands the assembter roejecr 10 lOOP f ~ 1 Ja .g enPJ"lfiIE!r cOPV.
• SET A dl rec ' ...... nor : i l l pseudo -QP. dhec I e the <lim!!'fl ~el'S: to
redeune the veiue or iii tabet,
SET GilJ@:5;omplete COntrol of tne 'S41'(r and locurloe Mac ,ro A s semb le rot Ihe : te );. t f il e { so c- ce t ue t, label r ile [svmbot
lebil ! '} and re IOGa l ,ablrJ:! -bu HE ! r . T he m arc ro pSI! U do- ops inc' ud e :
DISK G i ve s C o! l! pf & 1 e access 1 0 I h e e r ~ ' lr e o l\DOS
eornrnands:
PUT GET NEW INIT!AL!ZE
D!RECTOR Y COPY DUPLICATE
SCRATCH VALIDATE RENAME
ERROR REPORT
MO
ME
EC
Ttr~~ is '1 macro beginning, tnstruetlon detm.uon.
T tr LSisend of , macrt r ins t rue I ion de f in i t i co ,
Do 1'101OU(pu I m_8cr o- gene ra~w cooe in soun:'"
llatinq,
oe Dutpul m a, c, o· gc ll e . .a red code i n $ o 'V r C 'i ;l !
li5ling,
Enhanced Monitor, By having 16powerful commend s:
A A.!,! tome I F t :: 'M.e!c-rQT~A1:'0.0 start r rg.m Monitor.
Z Autorrl!Hic M~cro"feA wer rn star -t from MQnir,or'.
F loodl from rape object co d E!program.
S:a.VI!:$o (ape ol: ijec , code between !cations
:§ :~ocified.
D Disss.sembies oblec ~code bee k to ! i iQU r C I !; ! ! j iSling'.
M Di:s.f'ev S i r r m emo ry obl ect cOO~Her t ing at ~~Iecred
locat ion. Thtl' normal PEi s cr ee n e dlt r na v be I,I$I;!Qto c t 'r a n .ge t l 1e o'bj.ect code. .
R D l$~ ISYI fn 'e9i 'Ster . Contenl.$ mav be Chi!lll!!Jl!!du-slng
PET -!C -e B" edh C8Pllbi l irles.
... Hu n I~emorv for oil pa rt leu Iij.r QrOu p ct obj OCt
codes.
W AlloW$. you to wal,;k thr 'ough 1h it , ,~og:r2lm eoe : st ,ep
B
et e ume.
Boea.kpo in r to o cc u r .afte ( sj)Jl} Ci iM nu I T!D .e r o rpasses nest specl lied address.
St~r" l o n s pe c i f iE!r; :Jddrees. au it if S T O f ' key Of
bree , " ,po i1"1OCI: urs .
ED!TOtters IUr ! 'I 'beliel l l !Joly po .....rful $E! li rrc-hand replace·
eap2lbil ll . .. , M3r"' lV I~rge 60rnpu I-!!Jg5~em'b'en
1.! Ii t; ! t,; Ihi~ $Ophishc-,iHion. Conditional AssemblerS-E!oiIJfc; 'h~~,I;!,)tt file' tor d~'ili.e:d ~lJi"OL O~H io l ' ) aUy
ptin.u Ihem and oovnts them; I,e-,. tnis .comm.;tl'ld The c:ol1ditron.81 assembly ps.eudo·ops are:
COlJ"IS n "mOe f 01 ~h.!lir:?cter:5.;n IE ;II l . tfile:_
fiND
MANUSC R IPT EI im inates Iin !! n um be l'$ l Or ; F' F li N T 8rrd H AR [)
,com_m,;t l ' ld. Ma~e 'S Mal;:,..r,;:rlil!a.!li 1ruII! a;nd PowJ 9 r -
fu.1 Tex~ Editor ,
BREAK BrE!.i;lk.'5.o Ihi !: MOnitOr poniClI "i of MacroTe:;!.
A returl l !.o Te,M;1:Edi(or wilhoyt 1054 of le :w: : t
hpos.:5iible.
USER fmprOllil!'S QI" t'lIlon. MacroT~ii"S Te:<1 Ediwr
to u5ii!"r":5;n.E! lI! 'd '5.; ··jjo·it·vo",,~sell·· .command.
ES
lEa I' Ihe ~at:rel e)l!p..-es~ion i5 eQue I to :te ro,.
;)u-cmhl e I h i~ bloc k of so y "ce I ;: oo e ~I E!xt flu! 1_
j t ihe 13!:1:I~1e:w:pre~$i on is -not equa l to 21!!l"Q
aS$'embl e 'hi5 bloc k of ' $ :Qu rCE! code I fl!!;I[t ti I I ! !_
i the I "be l e:w:pression is posi I ir"re , as.-s;smbllll this.
'blo~ k_ . of $0 ul"oI ; : e ;OOIP._
I f t he 1 -i !l bi !1 , E ! :W : ~lrol::!s.sIOIl is nrI!gd t iV8 . a s ; !€ :mb le
"hi~ block of source code.
Thi~ is . t ! " i~ ci'ld of a bloc k of $01.Irce o C o o ~ .
Transfers CI'proqrarn O~ ne-t 01 :;I I:;Ir09f'o!!im I rorn one
ll"I-emory E!f "-ea 'o anotha r ,
Goll Run$ mec tu ne IC ln~yage pl""Ogramst""ling 81
- s C ' I ectee I eca tion.
E~iU'ba-ck
toBASIC_
Dilpl~V memory ali d decoded ASC I 'I characters,
p Pac to : ~ fill' memory with s~lifCifjed byte,
T
G
x
what are the otherunique features Of theMacroTeA?• Labels; up to 10 characters in :Iength
• 50 d i ff e re n1svm bois 10 ch 0ose 'fro m for each ehar ecter
• 10, 0 6 1 dif terent labels possible
• Create ex e cu t able object code in rnemory or
store on tape
.' Text e·ditor may be 'U sed f or compos i flg lerte rs,
rnanuscriptr, etc.
• Text m,a,y b e - loaded and stored frorn tape or disc
• Power fu l two- c.a ss et te duplicator functi,on
• Su; ng ..,ar ch capab,l iv• M a C f' O S: m a y be ne So t E! !d ~ 2 d ee p
• 25 A .'S ,'SE lble r psuadorOPs.
• 5 C o n d i ti Of'! 1 3 1 1 s s - e m bl er p:s:uedo-op:s
• 40 Error codes to p inpo in t p robl ems
• 1:6Error ,codesrelated to Mat:ro~
• W arm ~:s t.a.rt bu tton
• Enhanced monitor with l' 6 comm.r;lnds:
'NE
IPL
IM I
....a complete_ly solid state firmware system ....all in ROM and RAM. Notapes to load. The system isavailable from the time you turn on your PET tothe time you shut it off,
15chips ona single high quality printed circuit board; interfaces with PET'sparallel address and data bus or with Skyles Memory Adapter. Acomprehensive 170 page manual is included
Truly, there is simply no other system of this magnitude at anywhere nearthis price. $395.00"
·California residenls· please add 6% or 6.5% sales lax as required
VISA, MASTERCHARGE ORDERSCALL (800) 538-3083 (except California residents)
CALIFORNIA ORDERSPLEASE CALL (408) 257·9140
1
251 E South Whis.man Road
Skyles Electric Works Mountain View, CA 94041. . (415) 965-1755 _
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 21/85
Define Your Own Function Key on PET
~~"'''''''''''''''''''~~'''~If there is a commonly used BASIC function which you
would like to be able to call easily from the keyboard,
then use the program provided here and see how easy itreally is.~ . . . . . .
The following small program"Function Key" enables you to
define your own command using thekey &. The definition of the com-mand Is stored In the secondcassette buffer and is avai.lable aslong as PET is not switched off, oruntil the command is defined new.
Using the Program
Load and run the program Func-tion Key. Ustng 1 is for the newROMs and listing 2 is for the oldROMs. The program asks you for
your command definition. You entera BASIC program line for example:
?"THE TIME IS NOW" TI$
The line should not contain morethan 77 characters, as usual for a
FU tK :T I O t·~ KE 'T 'L IST ING 1 N E W R O M
BASIC program line. Thenyou press
"RETURN" and your command Is
defined.
Now whenever you press & ,
followed by RETURN,your specialcommand is executed. In our exam-ple, the time will be printed. It is alsopossible to use the command in a
program. In the same way as PETexecutes a PRINTwhenever it findsa ?, it will execute your command onthe occurence of the & . The newcommand does not disturb any ofthe other functions of your PET,unless you own a floppy disk
system. In this case the programmust be changed slightly.
Program Description
Eventhough the program is short
Werner KolbeHardstr.77
CH 5432 NeuenhofSwitzerland
its operation is complex. The princi-
ple is as follows: Your BASIC code
is inserted as line 0 in the program.It is then shifted into the secondcassette buffer starting at dec. 895.
A second line containing a SYS 870is added. Then a loop is inserted in-to PET'sCHARGETroutine to see ifthe character & occurs. If an & wasfound the registers and polnters aresaved and then the processor is setto the "execute a line routine",where the code pointer is set to theplace dec. 895. As the code endswith a SYS870, a Jump back to themachine code is executed where the
registers and pointers are restoredbefore normal operation goes on.
I added a disassembly of themachine code (old ROMs) for thosewho want to understand the wholeprogram In more detail (listing 3).
5 PF.:I ur ":1"10 FORI=813T0890:READK:POKEI.K:NEXT20 OPE t·~1 . . (1 : PF. :I tH" E t H E F . : 'T 'OUR FUtH I ot·~ I II4 0 PRI t'H"f1: ".;4 5 G ET AS: PRI NT AS; : IF AS( )C HR$ (1 3)T HEN 4550 P R I tH" 1 : :;'T 'S :3 70 " : PR I t-n "GOT06(1 ;; 3 " . ;55 POKE158.3 :FORI=623T0625:POKEIJ13 :NEXT:END6 0 F O R I = 8 9 5 T 0 9 9 5 : A = P E E K ( I + 1 3 4 ) : P O K E I . A : N E X T7(1 S 'T 'S81 : ;, ,: t ·~BJ500 D A T A I 6 9,7 6. 133.1 1 2. 1 6 9.58, 133.1 1 3,1 6 9.3, 133,1 1 4 ,9 6510 DATA230.119,208.2,230.120.32.118.0.201.38.240.3.76.118.0.1405 1 5 D A T R25 4 ,3. 1 4 2.253.3. 1 6 5.1 1 9.133. 1.1 6 5. 1 20. 133.2. 186. 13 4.0. 1 6 9520 D A T A 1 27.133. 1 1 9.1 6 9.3. 133.1 20,7 6,24 7. 198.1 6 6 . 0.1 5 4 , 1 6 5.1. 133. 1 1 9
R E A I I ' T ' .
October 1980 MICRO -- The 6502 Journal 29:19
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 22/85
F I_ I~KT ION I < E ' y 'LISTING 2 OLD ROM
5 PF.:It ·HII:')"
10 FORI=8 13T0890:R EAD K:PO KEI. K:NEX T20 OPEH1 .'1 : PF.:t H" EtnEF~ 'T 'OU RFU NC T Iot·~4 0 F'F.:INT"[1: II.;
4 5 GETA$:PRINTA$; : I F A $ ()CHR$ ( 13)THEN 45~ C " 1 P R I H T II1 S ' y ' : : ; : : : 7 ~ ).: P F . : t-n IIGOT060!:i" .;
55 P O K E 52 5 , 3 : F O R I =5 2 7 T 0 5 2 9 : P O K E I . 1 3 : N E X T : E N D60 FORl=895T0995:A=PEEK(I+134):POKEI.A:NEXT7 0 ::;'T'::;813:E1'~50 0 D ATAI 69,76. 133, 194. 169,58, 133, 19 5. 169.3. 133, 19 6.9 65 1 0 DATR230,201.208.2.230.202.32.200.0.201.38.240.3.76.200.0.140515 DATA254.3.142,253,3.165,201,133.1.165.202.133.2,186.134.0.169520 DATR127.133.201.169.3.133.202,76.233.198.166.0.154.165.1.133.201
F . :A I I ' r '
Listing 3
:32D Fl9 4C:32F :::5 [:23~:1 A9 38
LDA = 4 C;:;T8 21L I l A = 3 A: ' : : T A2LDA = 0 : ~ :STR 2 3RTSH1C 24:B t'~ E L 1It·~C: 25J : : : F . : .J2
( : t o w =26BEe! L~:Jt'1P . . 1 : : : : :S1'T ' l,n:':;T;:·::l'~2
L I l A 24: : : : T A 26LIlA Z5:: ; TRL...
335 A9 03:~::~:,7E~5 [: 4
339 603:~:AE6 C933C D0 0233E E6 CR:340 2t1 C:: 00 Ll
~345~:::47
C9 26FO 0~:4C C::: ~j(18e F E 038E FD 03A5 C9:'::5 01A5 CA
L':'_,I34834 D350;;:52: = : 5 4
:356 : : : 5 (12
358 BA
~!5B
35I1
86 008 9 7 F
: ' : : T ) < ZEROLIlA =7F
STA 24L D A = 0 3STA 2 5. . . T t1 P . J 4i . n x 2EF~O
:35 C:935F 8 9 f G361 85 CA36 3 4 C E9 C 6~:66 Fr6 (11]
36:3 9R T·····-·",,~,
369 A5 01~: 6 B 85 C936 D F I5 0236 F 85 CA: : : 7 1 A C FE ( 1 : 3
374 AE F D 83377 4 C 3A 0337R (1[1
LIlA 26
:::TA 24LDA Z7~3TA 25L I l ' T ' H Ii . n x 1 · J 2
.JNP ._I5
BF~ I<
Change the first 3
bytes of the CHRGET
routine to
JMP 033A
Get character
&7
no. return
save registers and
stack pointer
execute shifted pgm
restore everything
go on
/
MICRO's FIRST ANNUALLimerick Contest Winner
The votes are in and we have a
winnerl Art CaFpet of Canyon
Co untry, CalifornIa wins a year's
free subscription to MICRO fOl his
winning entry:
"There was a young hacker namedDrew
Who programmed all day andnight too.
By morning 'twas done
But he didn't type runThe poor little guy entered new."
Our congratulations to Mr .
Carpet and our thanks to a/l who
entered andlor voted in this, our
first, Limerick Contest.
\..~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii"
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 23/85
udge this character generator for yourself
Regular PET Graphics
•
MIPLOT by Watanabe Corporation
Compare the two Snoopys andyou'll begin to see why the new
HAL PCG 6500 is attracttng somuch attention. It's the program-
mable character generator for yourPET that gives sharp, detailed
graphics.
Important features include:
•
•
•
••
Designed for straight forward interface to any
microcomputer that outputs the ABCll code,
Mll'LOT can even be used by operators with no
plotter experience.
• Incorporates pre-programmed "tntelltgant" tuncnonsrequired for producing graphs and drawings
• Solid and broken line 1;YPesan be specified
• Built in character generator for letters, numbers and
symbols
• Characters can be enlarged and rotated La tourorientations• Special printer mode outputs character data as-Is• Uses commonly available hard fiber·tip pens
• Maxlmum plot speed approxima.tely 2 inches per
second• Built in self-test mode
9 ~ t m ! ! 1 ! 9 a n O(plus shipping & ha.ndllng)
•e
eADeOM Light Pen (with sound) ...Only $3498
(plus $2 shippJ.ng & handling)
• Storage for 64 new characters
• Built-in CB2sound amplifier that produces all
tones inthe human hearing range
• PCG Manual. and demo program
HAL GRAPHICS • Interface to PET/CBMwith 24 pin character gsn-~ erator ROMS.(Ifyour FETuses 28 p1nROMS,
-oS 'o~o ~O ConversionKits ar e availablefor $45. 'Ib simplify
.&-'0'0 ~o.~"t, ordering, please indicate memory RAM #2114
~B. ~?Y~).-»'0 #0 - . . .0 < " or #6550.)
o'\ . ' I "V~-" ' 'o0 .n'\.~"t ;9'0'> e 'O>o~ ' The HAL PCG 6500 Is available exclusrvely at- 1 > 1 ' . . . y , . J ! ~-v.ys,~ 9'0 Systems Formulate ...
' O > ~ ' 3 > 0 _.'i'> ~'o \ \ .9 · $200r o '? :P . . . ,'? ..' Only . (plus Sl)5hlpp!ng &han<lling)
~~~ ~ot'O Add $4,5 for 28 pin Conversion Kit~o.
- ~- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _- - _- - -•
MIPLOT:the right plotter at the right price
Unlike many light pens, the ADCOMnterfaces
With PET through the second cassette port rather
than the parallel port. The result? SOund!
• Ready to plug 1n, no assembly necessary.
• Faster than many other light pens designed for PET.
• Built-in sensitivity control.
• Machine language and demo program inCluded for ease
ofprogrammlng.
Expand wth the finest inmicro peripherals, systems and software from Systems Formulate.
CaJJtoday for more information or to place your phone order: (415) 326-9100
Wehonor Master Charge, Visa, check or money order.
(california residents add 6.5% tax)
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 24/85
Decision
SYBtems
DElleis ion SY5tl l! l in$;
P.0, Elo~13006
0l1l inecn. rx 76203
INDEXED FILES
I SAM - OS IS aft mteqrated set of rour ines jor the creat ion. and rnanlpulatlon
of indexed riles. tSAM~DS provides capabilities comparable to those Or1
large malnl rarnes. You can rapldly retrieve' records by key value or part ial
key value lretneves f3ny record rn a 200 record f;le. 60 char/record, in 'less
than, 3 seconds compared to a maximum of 38 seconds tor a DOS ssouen-
tlla'i r~lel, file'S never have 10 be reo'gan.ized. Duplicate key values mav be
used. Records may also be retneveo in sequence. lSAM·OS rout ines are
easily inteqreted into Applesoft programs - they use less rhan 3K RAM
p lus- an Index tab le ,
Requ"es: DISk. Applesoft
STRUCTURED BASIC
PEIASIC·OS ls a sophisticated preprocessor lor structured BASIC. Now
you can gain the power of PASCAL-I~ke logic structures a~a fraction of [he
C O " . Use all regular BASIC statements plus 14 commands and 11 new
SI. rements/ s tructur es IWHI LE. UNTIL. CASE. etc.l. PBA$IC·OS can be'
used 10 dcveloplNT[GER 0' APPLESOFT proqsams. II is a gre"1 way to
l earn and use structured l og!C concepts,
A eq~"es: m.k, Appleaol [ 141lK ROM I
OATA ENTRY
FORM'-DS IS a svsrem 01 proqrams and rounnes !nal Q::;si$~,in .he entry.
ediljng- and display of data. Describe screen formats by simply typing themon the screen Au romatic range tests for input cera. D ispl ay edi ted numer ic :
values with commas inserted. ere. Dump the screen contents to a printer.
Rout ines are easrlv incorporated into Apptesolt programs. Documentat ion
included.
Requo'"s; Disk, Apple.ol, 132K ROMI
tT e)tas r ea lden ra i !l Id d S% Ui; ll, J
lA dd $A .OO fgr ,F'oi-!lilgn Mail~
+Applt ll lis a 16gisl8'ed tr8d.em~flil: 'O J Ihli!lAppj~ Comput,cu CQ.
DEPRECIATION~
PROGRAM* 5 D EP RE CIATIO N R ATE S
,. UP TO 99 YR TERM
* RECORDS UP TO 600 ITEM S ON DISK
" * UP TO $1 M ILLION FOR EACH ITEM
" * R EPO RTS EAC H M ONTH , nU AR TER, O RANNUAl lY
* B ON US D EP R., IN VE STM EN T C RE DIT
* PRO ·RATES DEPREC IAT ION
* U PD ATE R EC OR DS E AC H YE .A R
* EnU IPME .NT IN V ENTORY
* FISCAL YEAR BASED
* CO NV ER T M ETHO DS AN Y TIM E ~\.~o~
1 1 - ',,\0
APPLESOFT 32K M IN . #.~ mo. 00HANDBOOK $5.00 ,~'\'If:-
MONEYOISK516W ELLSIAN W AY
RICHLAND , WA 99352
* A N A CC OU NTA NTS D REA M
VISA & M/C USERS - CALL
APPLE IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK01'" A,PPLE COMPUTER [NC.WA I = i ! f:sldenUi. add 5% 5 i 1 1 1 l e S i tax
DEA LER INQU IR IE S INV IT ED
$50
$35
$2 5
NIKROM TECHNICAL PRODUCTS PRESENTSA DIAGNOSTIC PACKAGE FOR THE APPLE n
AND APPLE II + COMPUTER." THE BR AIN SUR GEO N"
ALL MAJOR COMPUTER SYST,EMS ARE CHECKED mR FUNCTIONAL HARDWAREANALYS[S ON A REGULAR BASIS FOR LOGICAL AS WELL AS SOME PRACTICAL REA.SONS.F[NDING WHAT [5 EXACTlY WRONG CAN ACCOUNT FOR TH£ MOST PART OF MONEYCONSUMING POWN T[ME WHIL~ HAV [NG YOUR DEALER REPA [R ING THE SYSTEM.
APPLE COMPUTER CO, HAS PROVIDED vou W[TH THE BEST EQU[PMENT AVA [LABLE TODATE AND THE DIAGNOSTIC'S PACKAGE WAS DESIGNED TO CHECK EVERV MA,JOR AREA
~ ~ f 6 ~ ¥ RT~~~P.,u,;r lgM~~€~oJ~.R~~~, BA~B~R~~~~16WYw~~L~~~CJb'tNRS·S~mZTHsousH EXl-lAUS TlVE. THO ROUGH PROCEDURES TESTI NG A "D REPO RT lNG ALLFNDINGS.
THE TESTS [NCLUDE:
MOTHERBOARD ROM TST fOR BOTH A,PPLE [I AND APPLE "+APPLESOFT CARD TEST [NTEGER CARD TEST
MEMORY RAM TEiiT DISK ANALYS[S MON[TOR ALIGNMENTDC HAYES MICRO DODEM u TE ST
SYSTEM DIAGNOST[CS [S AN INVALUABLE 1"[0 TO YOUR PROGRAM L [BRARY EVEN IFYOUR SYSTEM [S WORK[NG FINE . HOURS HAVE BEEN WASTED TRYING TOTRACK OQWNA· ··PROGRAM BUG· · WHEN ACTUALLY HARDWME COULD BE THE SLAMEI
THE BRA IN SURGEON ALLOWS YOU TO BE OON,F[DENT OF YOUR SYSTEM. THIS CAN BECR[TlCAL WHEN FILE HANDL['NG, SORTS OR 9ACKUPS ARE [NVOLVED. YOU D~SERV~ TO9E AS SURE OF YOUR COMPUTER DUR[NG ALL THESE CR[T ICAL T [MH. RUNNING THEBRA[N SURGEOtl PR[OA TO THESE IMPORTANT fUNCT iONS "HoPS TO [NSURE THATYOUR SYSTEM 15 OPeRAT[ N a AT P~A K PERFORM ANCE ,
THE BRAIN SURGEON [5 EASY TO USE AND SUPPLIEDON DISKEnE WIT H COM PLET~DOCUMENTATION.
PA[CE; $39,95REQU[~ES; 32 or .aK'APPlESOFT: IDISKDA[VE
N I K ROM TE CHN[CA~ PRODUCTS25 PROSPEeT STREElLEOMINSTER, MA 0"53
APPLE I , S .R : e gl s 1 e! eO
TrBae Mark cdnptne COm[l I. rL(! f co.
MICRO MOOiElM II 1= AO(ilL$I&r!10
Jtj)(J~rTi.j)rlO: Oi 0. C 1 '1 AV E S
P E T a n d A P P L E I I U s e r s
PASCALA B A C U S S o f t w a r e m a k e s a v a il a b l e i t s v e rs i o n o f T IN Y P A S C A L f o r
t h e u s e r s o f tw o o f t h e m o s t p o p u l a r p e r s o n a l c e m p u t e r s .T I N Y P A S C A L i s a s u b s e t o f t h e s t a n d a r d P A S C A L a s d e f i n e d b y
J e n s e n a n d W i r t h . It i n c l u d e s th e s t r u c tu r e d p r o g r a m m in g
f e a tu r e s : IF ·T H E N ·E L S E , R E P E A T ·U N T IL , F O R T O /D O W N T O ·D O .
W H I L E -D O , C A S E - O F · E L S E , F U N C a n d P R O C . N o w y o u c a n l e a r n t h e
l a n g u a g e th a t i s s l a te d t o b e c o m e t h e s u c c e s s o r t o B A S IC .
T ! N Y P A SC A L i s a c o m p le t e p a c k a g e th a t a l l o w s y o u t o c r e a t e ,
c o m p i l e a n d e x e c u te p r o g a m s w r i t t e n i n t h e P A SC A L l a n gu a g e .
Y o u c a n s a v e s o u r c e a n d o b j e c t c o de o n d i s k e t t e o r c a s s e t t e ( P E T
v e r s i o n o n l y ). C o m p r e h e n s i v e u s e r 's m a n u a l i n c l u d e d . T he m a n u a l
c a n b e e x a m in e d l o r $ 1 0 ( r e f u n d a b l e w it h s o f tw a r e o rd e r ) .
R E Q U I R E M E N T S
P E T 1 6 K / 3 2 K N e w R O M S c a s s e tt e
P E T 1 6 K l 3 2 K N e w R O M S d is ke tt e
A p p l e 1 .1
3 2 KA p p le s o ft R O M w /D O S
A p p l e I I 4 8 K A p p le s o lt R A M w / D O S
T IN Y P A S C A L U s e r ' s M a n u a l
6 5 0 2 I n te rp r e t e r L is ti n g
F R E E p o s ta g e in U .S . a n d C A N A D A
A ll o r d e r s p r e p a i d o r C O O
$40$ 3 5
$3 5$3 5$1 0$ 2 0
i m & i•
ABACUS SOFTWAREP. O. Box 7211Grand Rapids, M i c h igan 49510
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 25/85
An Improved Morse Code Receive Routineand Interface
. . . . . . . . . . . . .~~~~""Here are hardware and software enhancements to the
article that appeared in Feb 1980 (21:19). The materi.alcontains information on interfacing to a 6522 VIA that isindependent of the ham radio application .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . " " " " "~"" " " " " " " "~ . . . . . . . . . . . . .~
In the February 1980 issue of
MICRO (21:19)we described a pro-gram that used the AIM 65 keyboardto send Morse code and the AIM 6520-character display to outputreceived Morse code. The interfacecircuit that was used to interfaeethe receiver to the transmitter forthe purposes of receiving Morsecode used an LM567 tone decoder.It appears from the feedback that Ihave received that the LM567 hassuch a narrow bandwidth that it isdifficult to tune the received signal.What follows is adifferent approachto a receive routine, and a differentinterface. The program should beof
interest to any computer owner who
has a 6522 VIA in his system, notsimply AIM 65 owners. With a fewmodifications, given in the Appen-dix, it can be used with the programdescribed in the February issue of
MICRO.
We begin by describing the newinterface circuit that was used. Itsfunction is to change the sine waveaudio output from the" receiver topulses that have the shape of asquare wave. These pulses arecounted by the T2counter/timer onthe 6522. The interface circuit is
shown in Figure 1.The LM386 acts
Figure 1: Interface circuit between the receiverand PB6, the pulse counting pin.
October" 1980 MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
Marvin L. DeJongDept. of Math & PhysicsThe School of the OzarksPoint Lookout, MO 65726
as an audio amplifier, while the 555
is configured as a Schmitt trigger.The gain control on the receiver andthe 10K potentiometer in the inter-face circuit are adjusted to give acomfortable listening level while theLEDin the circuit in Figure 1 flashesonly occasionally when no tone ispresent. That is, the noise levelshould be kept between the triggerthresholds of V a v c and %Vc on the555 timer. When a tone from atransmitting station is in the pass-band of the reciever, the 555 shouldtoggle back and forth at the samefrequency as the tone input, produc-
ing a squarewave input on P86, and
+5 V
270
29:23
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 26/85
the LED will glow. These squarewave pulses are counted by the T2counter/timer. Counting noisepulses and static crashes (ORN)willproduce various forms of uselessand meaningless output, so keepthe gain controls low enough to r e oject most of the noise. Best racep-
tlon is obtained with a good sharpaudio filter and just enough gain to
detect the tone but not the noise.
The program is given in Listing 1 ..
The part of the listing with corn-ments is the basic code receptionprogram that can be used with anymicrocomputer havlnq a 6522 VIAand some kind of output devicesuch as a teleprinter or a videomonitor. Provided the subroutinejumps are modified accordingly, thecommented program and suo-routines are relocatable. TheMorse·
ASC'II look-up table must also beloaded for the receive routine towork, and you must provide asuitable output routine that takesan ASCII character in the ac-
cumulator and outputs it. This is theJSROUTCH instruction at $07BE. Ifyou have an AIM 65, use thesubroutines listedl in the AIM 65 for-mat, which may also be relocated.
The receive routine autornatlcallysets the code speed and will copyup 10 about 70 words per minute.Speeds less than about 20 words
per minute do not work very wellbecause the locations that hold thevarious character length parametersoverflow. The comments shouldmake the general flow of the pro-gram clear. Basically, the T2counter/timer counts pulses fromth.e receiver. If a pulse is notcounted, a space counter (SPACE)isincremented at a 750 Hz rate. ThUS,the receive routine returns tosubroutine COUNTonce every 1/750second. If a pulse has beencounted,MARK is incremented, otherwiseSPAGE is incremented. Refer to thelIsting to see that in STATEl the pro-
g.ram is waiting for a mark ofsuffi ctent length (3,4 of the dotlength) to appear. When it does, theprogram makes the transition toSTATE2, where it waits for thespace counter to reach % the dotlength. At this time it is assumed
that the mark has been completedand the program jumps to STATE3
where it is decided whether themark was a dot or a dash. Thecharacter register is modifiedaccordingly, and the calibration
29:24
Listing f: Morse code receive routine.
cPOO GO START GLD
OFOI A9 20 L O A $20
oro) B O OB AO STA A O R
QfD6 B S 00 STA ooT
0F08 B 5 e o STA HARK
OPCwl78 SEt
OFOB 20 AC OF JSR C A L
OFOE A9 01LO A
$01OFIO as O A STA CHAR
0F12 20 SO cP JSR TIMffi
OFl, A9 00 STATE! LO A $00
OF!? 85 O B RP T STA SPACE
OF19 85 o c STA M A R K
OFIB 20 B B OF CN1' JS R COOt.lT
OFlE A5 ex ; LOA I - I A R K
01'20 C 5 OF eM P }/4DDTQF22 130 08 re s STATE2
OF24 AS 08 L D A SPACE
on6 C5 OD C~!P D O T
OF"28 BO EB ec s STATE!
om 90 EF O C C csrOF2C A900 STATE2 LDA $00
OF2E 85 OB STA SPACE
oho 20 88 OF MORE JSR COUNT
OFJ} A5 OB LOA SPACE
OFJ5 C5 OE CMF' J/200TOF37 90 1 < ' 7 OCC ~~ORE
OF}9 06 C b l . STATE} ASL GIi.IIROF}B A5 e x: LDA HARK
OFJD C·5 12 CMP 200T
OFJF 90 OC OCC A f l N D
OF41 E6 0 1 \ INC CfWl.
OF43 4 A LSRA
OF4J. 4A LSR A
OF45 8,5 OC STA l'""RK
01'47 4A LSi/. A
OF48 18 CL C
OF49 65 c c ADC MARK
OF4B 85 O G STA MARK
OFl,D 20 AC Of' AflND JSfl CAL
OF50 119 00 LDA $00
OF;,2 85 D C STA I < \ A R K
OF54 2088 O F WIIF JSR COUNT
OF5? A 5 O G LO A MIlKOF59 0.5 OF e M P 3/umOF5B SO CF OCS STATE<!
O1'5D A5 DB LOA SPACE
O1'5F C5 12 Ct1P 200TOF6L 90 F1 OCC LOA'" . . . .OF63 2000 OE JSf l SPWl
oP66 119 01 LD A $01
0F"68 85 OI l SrA CHAR
OFM 20 88 OF WITIR JSR COUNT
OF60 A5 O G L D A MA.RK
ot"6F C5 OF CM!' ) /1P1fO f 7 1 BO 89 re s STATE2
OF7} A5 08 LIlA SPACE
OP'75 G5 I} eMP 5 1 1 0 1 '
OF7790 fl re c WITER
0F1920 B6 C f/ JSR OOTPlJT
O1'7G A9 00 LDA $00.0nE FO 97 SE Q RP T
~x·**~**
SUBROOTT-!E TIlIDt
OFSO A9 A7 TIMER LD A $117
OFS2 e n 95 A4 STA TIME/SOFB5 AD 08 AO L D A. ' t2 C L
01'88 85 H I STA STOREOFM 60 RTS
* *~ * * * * * * * * * , * 'SUBROUTINE COUNT
OF8B 58 COl!!T CLIOF${: 78 SEI
OF8D 2C 97 AI, WAIT BIT T M F L A O
OF90 10 FB BPL WAIT
OF92 38 sa:OF9} AS 18 L D A STORE
OF95 EDOB AD S O C " l ' 2 G L01"98 85 19 BTA TEMP
O1'9A 2080 OF JSR TIMER
OF9D A5 19 LDA TEMP
OF9F FO 08 SEQ AIlEl1
OFAI 18 e u : :O1 'A2 65 o c A D C M A R KO F A I . 85 O G STA MARK
MICRO ~~The 6502 Journal
Clear dec irm), mode for all additions.
Set up 1'2 counter/timer to count, pulses
by loading the I I C R of the 6522 with $20.
Also ini ti al ize d ot c ou nt er · to $20, an d""'rk count-er- to $20.
Do not allow i:nte r-rupt s to bot her- this.
rout.ana, Before st.a rting to rec:e'i ve i'
calibrate ~he various registers.Initialize the cha ra ct.er registB r to $01.
Jump to start space timer.
Clear mark and space counters.
t-!e"t ~"will jurnp to s ub r out, i:ne COUNT
to increment the number of pulses fro,"
the receiver that have been detected.
If'the pulaea have exceeded 3/4 those
i:n DOT, a rra r-k has been detected. Then
jl.llllP to STUE2 to ",,"it for ... space.
It space count.er' exceeds one dot, start
over In STA.TEl.Otherwise I continue count ing ma.t-ka and
spaces ..Begi:n STAT·E2 by c Lear Ing space count.er-,
Then c ount, marks and space S• When 5PACE
exceeds 1/2 'iDt. lengt h , then s pa c e Ita sbe en det, e cted . Go to 5T 1 \TE3 • athe'rwls e
count some m ore4
A mark element has been detected, s'hittcharacter register left. If the mark
length €xceeded 2 dots, then it " " "8 a dash.
If a dot, do not put a One in CfWl..
rr a dash, add a one to the character register.
Canve rt, the dash length to a dot by multply in;
by 3/8.
J"",p to ce.Li.brat.dcn routine to update
a lrt.oma tic ca Hbra tion af DOT.
Clear mal'k count er-,
St.a rt C01..'nt in!,: ae D Ln. , Tf a new rno.rk is
detected, go to STATF2. Otherwise ""it
fora cha re ct.e r space.
Has space exce ednd 2DOT? That.' S II
enare ct.er- space so output t.he character.o the rwi se J r.et um to C Q un t some more ..
Subroutine speed ",,,,,,suresthe speed and
out.put,s t he speed and the new cha raet.er ,
Res&t the character register.
Then ~ ..H for more pul.se s and spaces.
Has a new mark been detected. If so,
jump to STATE2.
Does space exceed 5OOT. If so, a
"'"rd .5pa ce has be en dete cted.
Out put t-he word s pa ce •
Clear accumulator .
Back to STATEl •
Load divi.d-by~eight. timer fo.'" 16?
ccunt s, or 1}36 " ,icros~co,,< ls <. 1/750_
Fa!· lOOOfiz tone us e $7il rather than. $.A 7 ,
Read T~ count.er a'1<1 S t.ure.Th en ret urn ~
Allow en interrupt here (for author'ssend routine.) -
fIa s t 1me r timed-out?
No. Then ",it.
Yes. Then C ount the pulses that ha va
been detected by T2.'
Save pulse courrt here for a moment.
Start. the timer again.
Get the pulse count again.
Ifno pulses. then increment space
counter. If pul.s es , then add the
number- to JdJlRK.
October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 27/85
OFA6 18 C LC
OFA7 90 C '! BCCDE .1 'OO R
OFA 9 E6 oa AHnl INc SPACE Increment space counter if no pulses
~ lF AB 60 DE I'O IJR RTS detec ted , then back to the program.
**Chan~.e th:is to JSR OUTPUT (20 B6 en ) if you do not have an A IM 65.
O FA C 46 0 : : : CAL LSR MARK Divide Ms. rk by :2.
OFAE A 5 O D L D A ! lOT Get pre rious D O T .
OFao 46 OD LSR ! lOT Divide previous DOT by 2.OFB2 18 CLC
OFll3 65 O C ADC MARKOF 'B 5 18 C LC
OF 'B6 6 5 O D A D C ! lOT
OFB8 4 f t . LSR A
OFB9 C9 OF e M ? SOF
OFBB BO 02 OCS SKIP
O FB D .1.9 OF LOA SOF
OFBF 85 OD SK IP STP . !lOT
OFC I CA ASL A
0l'C2 85 12 STA 2!lOT
O FC4 OA ASL A
oPeS 16 CLC
OFc6 65 00 ADC DO T
OFC8 85 13 STA 500TOF 'C A A 5 OD lDA DOT
O F C C L~ L S R A
O FCD 85 O E STA 1 /2ooT
OFCF 4 f t . LSR A
OFllO 65 DE ADC 1/200T
OF .D2 85 OF STA 3/4IXJT
OFD460 RTS
enB6 .1.5 OA0788 09 8007'i!A .1.8
07BB B9 00 0407BE 20 72 06Ole! 20 60 0607C 4 60
« - . . . . . . Ji i C . . _ 1 I i . M .Jfi****'*
S UffiO OT IN E O UT PU T
L D A C H A R
ORA$80TA Y
L O A TAB ,Y
JSR OUTCIIJSR DISPRT S
OUTPUT
routine is called to update the dotlength. The program then walts untila new mark is received, or if thespace counter reaches twice the dotlength then a character is printed. If
a new mark is received the programjumps back to STATE2. When thespace counter reaches five time thedot length, a word space Is printed,and the program jumps back toSTATE1.
AIM 65 users will want to usesubroutine SPEEDwhere it is called,while other microcomputer ownerswill use subroutine OUTPUTat thispoint. Subroutine SPEED convertsthe dot length to a code speed inwords per minute and displays this
number on the left-most digits onthe AIM 65 display. Remember, thisis only a crude approximation to theexact speed, unless your CWoutputtone on your receiver is exactly 750Hz. The subroutine TIMER is set fora period corresponding to the periodof the tone from the receiver. Thebyte given at $OF81corresponds to
1333microseconds, the period of a750 Hz tone. This byte may bemodified to be equal to the period ofsome other tone frequency If your
October 1980
Skip a.I'Oundsp"ce increment. instruct ions.
i lO'I ' pl.us M A R K / 2 .DOT pfus M.~RK/2 plus ooT/2.
New OOT ~ 3 /4 DOT plus 1 /4 MARK
Is lIew DOT too shon (noise proble""') \
Yes, use $OF as minimum OOTlength.
We ha~ a n.ew DOT length.Calculat.e 200T.
Calculate 5 I J O T .
Calculate 1/2ooT.
Calculate 3/4OOT.
Get contents of character register.
Put. a one in bit seven.Transf'e r this to the Y regis te rand
look up the ASCII code in the look-up
table. Use your OtIll subroutine to
output the ASCII character to your
output device (teleprinter or CRT).
The routines here are for the A IM 65.
receiver has a different tone fre-quency.
Appendix
To use this program with thesendlrecelve program in the Feb.1980 issue of MICRO, make thefollowing changes in the listing
given there, in addition to loadingthe program and subroutines listedhere:
$60 instead of $40$00 instead of $20$OF instead of $08$OF05$EA, $EA, $EA InListing 1 In this article.Use the subroutine givenin Listing 1.
I would really like to hear from
someone who makes a comparisonbetween the program and interfacedescribed here and the one describ-ed in the earlier article in MICRO.
The program described here is anovel approach, intended to bemoreimmune to nolse, and has workedvery well for me. But I would like to
hear from you if you have any sug-gestions, Improvements or crltl-cisms.
$0575$0655$0656$OF03
$0786
MICRO -- The 8502 Journel
AIM·65 output subroutines
066C
CC7~·~ : : : ._ .=
~}67A
A R i A > : :D ~ E ~ : <
BPL
0678 9D 5TR R438.X
0634
069B
CA
CA
L D A~. - , .; J .
t , . . • • !"....:•.;
".I .-.~ • • I . '"'!!~,.-;
869F 9D STA A438,X
~l .I -..
;F:.L~.
B e e~:TS
~I C:·_i!',..··L:'\
.-.~._'r,
_ - " " , , _ . __, I !~
0686
l36Bl
06E~7
'!".- """".
t '_ ..... -"_,_1'-,.
RTSA2
f 1" 1~
LL -! ~~':L
LDR
STA 24
A9 L[::R
E5A AAS L C l A
3D STR.-. .- ,~~J .J5R
r~~-r;, i::,/
::.J ..
trll
1f~~j
. . . . . . E L....:I ~ ••• ,
~~;~~!.r
_ -_ -~ .-.-.L"!: . 1 1:.....~ :_1 :_ r_ .
29:25
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 28/85
Subroutine Speed
_~r- ,-_.-.
;:;:..._ ,~ I......
~3E: iA
L:"~~ -i r·~' :"I"--.,..i..,. ~.-
0E1F0E2::L
f1E250E28~1E2R0E2C
ST,H
0E2F
5TR
@E4 4 C A
11 "" •• - .
L. ~t1
29
484R4'R
4A
AS
85 ~ : o o ~ ; . : :_' = c s ~JEJE
.-..-.1•.,,- ......,.,.
L D A' . - = = - i-'_!!..,;.! ~-'
CC;.,'-·_~~'r_.,-..,..,-.-_ ~ Io .l
~ i e t
I N > : :orc~11_": J
_- '" 'I" " r ~.... I "_
_ !~.~
j, ' r - - ~ w' ! : . . . - ! .. .' ~ !
STR
SED~ ~'\ ~~!;_!.I" {
ASL
,-.r-.-,_~Jt:t~t..
f fE4C
0 6R5
A D e01:"I-'__ STR
ENE ~3E26
L [ : r > = ;I ""•• = .LL)H
A N Dj-': r-r . _ ,. ! ,. . ,. . .. ; . . .. . .
L5P
r .- .....I "_ .~-,~"..._~,t
L 5 C . : ~~
04A4
: L
0t:43
MORSE·ASCII Look·UpTlble
_ ./ 04Et~. ~ r ,; ~..!;..1'_1 Gl:>=0480;20 : ' ) . ' : "1
"_ _.: C!48449 41
5DiTII1aREfOR
DS!
Video Games 1Heal! • On. Tank Battle, Trap!
Video Games 2Gremlin Hunt, Ind-,. 5000, Gunfight
Board Games 1Cubic, Mini-'Gomok.u
Dungeon ChaseA real- time, 0 & 0 , video 'lame
C1 Shorth.andTwo key command entry
FREE CATALOG
Orion Software Associates
147 Main Street
OSSining, NY 10562
$15
15
15
10
12
One tape supports all recent ROM Systems.
Colo-r and Sound on video games. Someprograms on di.sk.
54 ( i4EC-( ..- ;= i4F~J
~'" ' " : i"_; [
.-. . - .::::~j'
,-. _ -.~'~J.-..-..: : ~ - : . : ~
. - , ,-_~~ . . : . 1
.-..-.:::: '~J.-. .-..:::~J
.-. .-.- ' ; : : : ' . ; ; . 1
4A
, -'
-""-:':"
'::"' __ "
All ABOUTOSI
BASIC·IN·ROM
BASIC.nd MONITOR Relerence M•.nuel
Aardvark. Journal: "II Is Ihe book you wer,ehop-ing was packed with your computer at the factory."
P EE K- 65 : " ... goes far enough to hold the In-terest of advanced programmers "
All statements and commands are explained. loops.Arrays. Bugs. Tapes. BASIC, Auto-load and
homemade.USR(X).Floating Point. Variable tables. Binary Siruc-
ture of Source Code. Maps 01 pages $00, 01,02, FE,
FF. location 01 routines end $AO ~ BF.
From your OSI dealer or software house or send
check to me, $8.95 postpaid. (COD$1.10 extra)
E.H. Carlson
3872Raleigh Drive
Okemos, MI 48864
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 29/85
Undedicating a Dedicated Microcomputer
Some valuable ideas are presented here toward develop-ing a time-shared process controller.
Introduction
Programs which use microcom-puters for dedicated control oftenhave two problems, One problem islack of flexibility. Because the pro-grams are either stored in EPROMor else they must be reassembledand reloaded into RAM, the controlroutines are difficult to change. Asecond problem is that the controlroutines can tie up the whole com-puter for only one dedicated ap-plication. While working on a pro-ject at Rensselaer Polytechnic In-stitute Ihavedeveloped a dedicatedcontroller that solves both of these
problems.
Background
The project at RPI is the develop-ment of a solar energycollector. See
Figure 1. The collector is a Fresnelreflecting concentrator whichredirects solar power to a monotubeboiler where cold water absorbs thesolar energy and becomes hotsteam. In order to keep the concen-trated sunlight in the boller, thistype of collector follows the sunacross the sky bymeans of two rota-
tion axes. When the sun Is out, this2-axis tracking of the sun isstraightforward and can be done
with discrete logic without amicrocomputer. Often, however, the
sun is not out for variable portionsof the day, and while it is behindclouds, it continues its motionacross the sky.Whenthe sun comes
out again the collector is no longeraimed at the sun, and therefore thecollector must have a large, highpower, expensive motor andlor take
October1980
a long time to reposition itselftoward the sun. A microcomputer,
however, can easily track the sunwhile it is behind clouds thus allow-ing the use of small, inexpensive,low power tracking motors. This ar-ticle describes how a dedicatedmicrocomputer is configured.
The System Hardware
The system could reside on a onechip micro but is currently made upof a KIM-1,a MemoryPlus and an in-house interface board. The interfaceboard has a 16 channel B-blt AiDconverter (see Joe William's article
in MICRO 12:25) and digital I/Odrivers and logic. The Memory Plus
David Borton4 Kenworth Ave.Troy. NY 12180
provides 1 /0 lines, sockets forEPROMand RAM for data.
Another KIM and Memory Pluswith an EPROM version of theMicroADE assembler are connected
to a Teletype 43 for programdevelopment, testing and EPROMprograming. Assembled programsare easily tested in RAM since thedevelopment system is almost iden-tical to the control system. Sourceprograms are stored on cassettetape for revisions.
The Implementation
The control program is made ofmodules of code in EPROM and
MICRO-- The 6502 Journal
Figure 1
29:27
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 30/85
uses the non-maskab!e interrupt. Itconsists of two parts: the part thatcontrols the position of the solarcollector is the interrupt routine; themain loop part provides for otheruses of the computer and interac-tively monitors the collector and/orthe computer.
Interrupt Service
The non-maskable interrupt(NMI)is wired to the timer in one of theKIM 6530 chips. Every '/ 4 second,when the timer times out, the inter-rupt service routine Isexecuted. Seefigure 2. This routine is made ofmodular sections, each of whichperforms some function. The firstsection of the NMI routine is aclock. This section fine tunes the 1 1 4second interrupt and keeps track ofdays as well as hours, minutes and
seconds.
One of the NMI routine sectionsperforms the AID conversions. aswell as the I/O functions of sensingthe sun and turning on and offmotors and indicators. Another sec-tion actually makes the control deci-sions which the I/O section carries
out.
All the sections are in EPROMand end with a 'Jump Indirect' in-struction. This instruction solvesthe first problem mentioned above,that of inflexible dedicated con-trollers. The difficulty is overcomebecause the RAM zero pagepainters used by the jump indirectinstruction can point to any otherfunction module to be included inthe routine. Each section ends witha jump indirect pointing to the nextsection and so on, until the last sec-
Figure 2
tion paints to the code that restoresthe x, y and p registers and performsa 'Return from Interrupt'(ATI).
Main Loop
Themain loop program (seefigure
3. ) is constructed in a way whichsolves the second problem, that oftying up the whole computer withjust the control functions. The keyto solving the problem is a keyboardmonitor which allows otherunrelated functions to be time-shared with the control functions.The keyboard monitor can select for
display anyof the AIDchannels, .thesolar collector posltlon, or the timeof day. In addition, one of the unus-ed analog inputs can be connected
and monitored to use the rnicrocom-puter as a digital voltmeter.
The keyboard monitor can alsoselect a jump to the KIM monitor.The KIM monitor can be used to
I n i t i a l i z e J MA IN LOOPII
K e y b o a r d -~M o n i t o r
I K I M M o n i t o rF u n c t i o n a n d / o rD i s p l a y p r o g r a m s
I - -- -_j
Figure 3
Non-Maskable
Interrupt
Routine
enter or look at data or programsand even run other unrelated pro-grams (including programs that usethe IRQ the maskable interrupt)while th~ dedicated controller is us-
ing the NMI and controlling thesoJar collector.
Cautions
There are minor hazards con-nected with having a flexible, time-shared dedicated controller. For ex-ample, a problem can occur when aprogram running on the systemcrashes, because, of course,pushing 'reset' stops the NMI clocktimer. However, stopping the clockis not too serious a problembecause with a warm restart of the
control main loop, the clock will on-ly lose a couple seconds, and it canbe corrected at any time.
The warm restart is an Importantpart of the initialization of the pro-gram. The original initialization setsup the NMI vector, the initialchoices for the jump indirectpolnters, the 11 0 ports and alsostarts the clock timer. By setting upthe 11 0 and starting the timer at theend of the initialization a warmrestart here will not change thingslike the time of the date or the jump
indirect pointers that were correctbefore reset was pushed.
Conclusion
It is possible to program adedicated controller which not onlyis flexible in what it does but,through time-sharing, can be usedfor other functions ( and even act asadigital voltmeter) while it is perter-ming as a dedicated controller.
' "
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 31/85
Attention
BARGAIN HUNTERSReceive Hundreds of Classified Ads
Uke These Every Month
HEATHKIT H-11/DEC LSI-"
system, 32K Byte storage, reader 1
punch, video terminal, complete
software, Cost 54500 assembled,
$3500 kit, Like new, Sell for $2250,
305-962-6677, 2058 Griffin Rd., Ft.
Lauderdale, FL 33312
COMPUTER SHOPPER, the new buy, sell, and trade
publication, is ready to help you with the latest infor-
mation on personal, small business and large-systemcomputers, accessories and software.
Each ad-packed issue is full of bargains you are
looking for. Included are ads from individuals
throughout the United States who are selling theirgood, pre-owned equipment JUS ! so they can trade-up
to new equipment coming on the market.
But, COMPUTER SHOPPER'S bargains won't beyours unless you subscribe. This useful, money-
saving publication can become your way to com-municate with other buyers, sellers, and traders all over the nation.
Whether you are a hobbyist or a part-lime user, COMPUTER
SHOPPER will put you in touch with the nationwide computer
marketplace in time for you to take advantage of bargain oppor-
tunities.
Have something to sell? A COMPUTER SHOPPER subscriber pro-bably wants to buy it.
Looking for a part, component or even a complete system? A
COMPUTER SHOPPER subscriber probably wants to sell it.
COMPUTER SHOPPER is THE marketplace for anything in com-
pulers and is read by thousands of people who are ready to buy.
COMPUTER SHOPPER offers a unique format in which classified
ads are categorized for fast location 01 specif ic i tems. Combining
this with low individual ad rates - 10 cents a word -
makes it the ideal place for buyers and sellers to com-
municate. And, its mix of individual, dealer, and
manulacturer ads enable subscribers to find whatthey want at the best price possible.
COMPUTER SHOPPER will work lor you in otherways, too. If you are just thinking about getting into
computers, it can help you learn product availabilityand prices before you make a decision. And, through
the timely ads, COMPUTER SHOPPER will keep you
abreast of changes in the market which could createbargain opportunities for you.
BUT COMPUTER SHOPPER cannot work for you unless you
subscribe.
Want 10 look us over first? We'll give you your first issue FREE
and then bill you for the next 12. If you are not convinced COM-PUTER SHOPPER suits your needs, just write "cancel" on the in-
voice and return it.
And, to let COMPUTER SHOPPER start working for you right now,
with a paid subscription we'll also give you a FREE classified ad to
sell your pre-owned equipment or to find equipment you want.
If you don't need to use the free classltled ad now, use it anytime
during your subscription.
Subscription: $10lyear, 12 issues plus your first Iree one. Bank
cards accepted. Money back guarantee.
d.The Nalionwide Marketplace lor Computer Equipment
~ COmpUTeR Sf-IOppeR
P.o. Box F22 • Titusville, Florida 32780
Telephone 305-269-3211
MasterCharge or VISA orders only. call TOLL FREE 800·327·9920,
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 32/85
A "Stop·On·Address" Routine for KIM
This very useful subroutine allows the user to debug
more efficiently through the use of a trap, which will
stop on a specified address.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In the midst of debuggingmachinecode for the KiM-1,it is thisauthor's common practice to insert
jumps to the monitor or breaks atstrategic points in the program, andthen start execution from the begin-ning_This is usually quite useful fortracing through a program to seewhat has happened to the outputthat was supposed to appear. Thereare two main problems with. thistechnique however:
1. You have to write down thecontents of where you areplacing the breakpoint andthen return the contentslater,
2 . The methOd is not usablefor investigating a ROMorPROM.
A Solution
One means of getting aroundthese difficulties is to use a tracerprogram. This can be accomplishedquite easily by us.ing a hardware
timer, operating in the i.nterruplmode (eg. ref. 1), to cause an inter-rupt during every instruction until aspecified end address is reached.
For KIM this is Simple, since oneneed only duplicate the monitor'ssingle-step routine (to handle the in-terrupts) with the addition of settingup the timer to interrupt duri.ngeveryi nstruction.
The Program
The program (listing 1) uses theKIM monitor page zero locations tosaveall reqlsters. This allows you tosingle step from the selected ad-dress once the routine has
29:30
R. MacDonald45 Charles Tupper Drive
Westhill, OntarioM1C 2A8
operated. Register contents are in-spected In the same manner assingle step operation. As usual,
pushing PCreturns the next addresstobe executed.
ecuted (this is notnecessary following singlestep operation).
3. Place the END ADDRESSat ENOL ($1780) and ENDH($1781).
4. Execute from START($1782).
To use the program do the follow-ing:
1. Set the vector for singlestep operation.
2. Set up PCl, PCH with theFIRSTADDRESS to be ex-
The program stops on theselected address (before executingit).
0010: !ITOI ' c . : . ; ADLoRESS fCIl. Kll1
0010: RIC~ I '. AC t:G NALO
OuJO:0040: L7['1. I 'LL
' "$ ' ) O E r Hh M ., ," IT( ;h . PAGE HI\.O
0')50: l7De PCh '" S O O E O EC.UA!ES
O O b O : 1 7 . I . > C 1 ' 1 \ . I::G '" ~oaFl0010: 17[,1. S f U SE R ' " SOGEZ
O O b O : 17DC ilce '" saODa o ~ o : 1 7 C C \ I < E < . "It SOOf40100: 11UC i . .&EG '" ~OOf5
OliO: I I L e f'CIJl.TL ' " ~OOEA
o r z o . Lnc POiHb ' " ~ ) O E f j
0130;
0140 : 17CC tll1CLR : I i " $1704 S T { ' P TU.£R A [ : L a E S S
0150.: 11[Jr.; I lMIET : I i " ~LNc START !It":UI. ~DkES!>
0160:
0170; 11bO {'RG $171:.0
0.1.&0;
0190: 1 1 1 : 1 0 00 El 'o lH. sa o ! lTGRA{ 'E fL R E I \ I l A L D I \E S S
0200: Ubi 00 E I \ C H $00
Olto:
01l0: I1t.2 ,,9 ill S I A l \ ! LMl.l'! t ! < . c . SETUP Hi.r. 'vECrc,R
01jO: 17M Hi a: 17 ST A SInE
OJ40: 171:17 A 7 17 LDAH I IR G / hIGh A! i tRESS
025'0: In; tD FF 1.7 SI A H7H
02.bO;
0270: 17bC A t> F2 A ( ,AU . LDXZ SPU~EI( WAD S TACK f O H . T E . k
021:10: 17b6; ~A T XS
02'10: 17M' 1 ' 1 . 6 F5 L!Jx2. XREG LOAD xOjOO: 1791 A 4 F4 LDYZ \ I<£G LeAD 'I
0310: 17~J 58 e L I EN .AbLE lR~
OJlO: lIS4 AS 11 LDAl.t. Sil SET 11.~.Ek 1 ( ; lHHd!P!
0330: J:l~b bL o c 1 7 STA TUISET tt- 17. (YelE"Oj40: n7 ~ AS fl HAZ PkEG t c - A D STA lL 'S
MICRO -- The 8502 Journal October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 33/85
For executing through a loop anumberof times, pick an address inthe loop to stop on and initializeLOOP(at $170B) to the number oftimes through the loop required.
Notes
1. The single step switchmust beottl
2. PB7 must be connected to.IRQ.
3. The proqrarrrfits quite nice-ly in the KIM ROM scratch-pad area but is fu Ily
relocatable.
4. The routine is easilyrnodtfted to step on anyregister or memory Iocatlonequal to . a given value. Justreplace "conditions 1 and2" in the pregram with theappropriate test loqic,
References
1. Larry Fish, Kilobaud #8,August1977, p. 112. "Troubleshoot YourSoftware" A trace program fer aTIMbased 6502 system.
2. KIM-1 User Manual, MOS
recnnotocy.
0350: 17SE 4b
0]60, 1I9C ,;5 FJ
OJ70: 17~E 2!l
0300: 179. ec EF 00
03!i!):
0400; 17A2 c5 F3
0410: 17A4 66
0420: 17A5 to) f 1
01130; 17 A7 6e
0440: 17Ao 05 EF
045'): 17M 05 fA
04cO: 17.AL 61)
04 7 rJ : 17AD 05 FO
0400: 17Ar 85 FB
0490; 17M e4 F4
0500: 17~3 06 F5
0510: l7bS bA
0520: 1 786 b b fl05]0: L 7£i8 I:>D04 17
0540; 17h~ A D 60 1 7
0550: 17bE £.A
0560: I7BF C5 EF
0570: 17Ll DO C,05eO: 17c.3 A D bl 17
0590: J 7(.6 EA
0600: 17C7 C5 FO
0610: 17C9 LO C10620; J7Cb A D D~ 17
06JO; J7Cl U O 03
0640: 17LO 4C 16 IC
0650:
0660; 171d CE Db 17
0670: 17D6 D O 04
06bO; 17De 4L 16 Ie
0690:
0700; 17D5 00
0710;
0720:
ID~
PHA
L O A . . A c eI'L'
J~ll PC L
PUT It; 5T ,\ .< .K
G E T A I.:C l,} , L U ILR
GET ~TA"!"L'S
EAECl~E l~~,RCCI10~
5I A l: A CC
PL A
51Al. fl<EG
P L ASTAL: PC lSIA l". POL IITL
P L ASTJI.l. PCH
SIAZ HilHH
STn ~k EL
SHZ )'REG
TS X
srxz SP1I5ER
5TA r n .ci ,a STOl' IU,ER
lR\; ThIS IS ThE SA....E AS
TIlE "1~ M.t; lIOR AI ~l<'OO
LDA zxm, Cm;DITlOK j
J iOP
Cl1Fl:. foCl
£ I \ " F . A(,AIN
LOA EKDh COl'DlTIOr-. 2
1\0"-
QlPl:. PCh
IlKE AGAIKLilA lUuP
BM:. 5UF
J~.P $1<.16 Tv 1'lM IF ADDRE~5 At.D so LOO}-
SkIP DEC LOOP
BNE AGA IK
JhF s r c r e
LOCP ~o o 00 C R 01 T O EXEC L~ E G K C E
02 01( l'IORF..TO EAECU!E ThAT NUMbER Of Tlhl.S
32 K BYTEMEMORYREL IA BLE A ND C OST EFFEC TIVE RA M FOR
6502 & 6800 BA SED M IC RO COMPU TERSA I M 6 5 - . . . .K I M S Y M
P E T S 4 4 - B U S
FOR APPLE, lRs·ao KEYBOARD,
EXIDY, AND ALL OTHER 16K
DYNAMIC SYSTEMS USING
MK4116·3 DR EDUIV ALENT
DEVICES.
* 200 NSEC ACCES S, 375 NSEC
CYCLE
* B UR NE D-IN A ND FUL LY
TESTED
* 1 Y A. P AR TS R EP LA CE ME NTGUARANTEE
* DlY. D ISCOUNTS AVA ILABLE
~ PLUG COM PA nau W IT H TH E A IM ·6 SIS YM E XP AN SIO N
C ON NEC TO R -SY U SiN G A R IG HT A NG LE C ON NEC TO R
ISUPPLIED) MOUNTED ON THE BACK Df THE M EM OAY
BOARD.
• M EM ORY BOARD EDGE CONNECTOR PLUGS li'lTO THE5800 S ~4 B UK
• CONNECTS TO PET OR KIM US ING AN ADAPTOR C ABLE.
• R E LI AB LE -D Y NA M IC R AM W IT H O N B OA RD I NV IS IB LEREFRESH-LOOKS LIKE STATIC MEMORV B U T AT
lOWER COST AND A FRACTION OF THE POWER
R EQ UIR ED fO R S TA TIC B OA RD S
• u s E S .S V ON L Y . S U PP LI ED FR O M H OST C OM PU lE R .
• FULL DOCUMENTATION ASSEMBLED AND TESTED
BOARDS ARE GUARANTEED FOR O N E YEAR AND
PURCHASE PRICE IS FULLY REFUNDABLE IF BOARD IS
A ET UR NE .D U N DA MA GE D W IT HI N 14 DAYS .
A S S E II! B LE 0 W I T H l2 K RAM _____. __.. 1419_00
& W ITH 16K RAM ... _ .. ___ .. _._...• _1349_00
T E S T E D WIHlDUT R A M CHIPS . 1 2 1 1 1 . 0 0HAR D TO G E T P AR TS IN O R AM C HIPS )W ITH BOARD AND MANUAL _._____ .__ 1 I 0 9 . 0 0B A R E BOARD & MANUAL _ ..____. .. 149.00
P f " I ~ T Eq r A C [ K IT - C O NN EC T S T H E 3 2 K R AM S O AR D 1 0
" I , o 1 R i l K P C ' ,O N T A 'N S IN T ER fA C E C A B ,E 80,\RJ5 1.\ ~80· -S P C'll E R S ~"P l y M ODIF ICA T'O~ KIT ANO, '.,'/0 _ E T E I~S l"U '--'O~ S f~9QQ
us. PRICES ONLY
16K M EM ORYEX P AN S IO N K IT
O N L Y $58
ALL ASSEM BLED BOARDS A N D
M EM OR Y CH I'S CA RR Y A fU LL O NE
Y E A R R E PL A C E M E N T W A R R A N T Y
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 34/85
Tiny Pilot Complemental (co- Pilot)
A modlflcat.lon to Tiny Pilot which Improves the "Match"statement.
Robert Schultz231 West Duvall StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19144
As soon as I installed the first 4Kadditional memory in my KIM, Ifigured that the time was right to trymy hand at programming insomething other than assemblylanguage.The Tiny Pilot interpreter,written 'by Nicholas Vrtis, that ap-peared in MICRO,September 1979(16:41),looked good. It is written forthe SYM, but Bob Applegate's sug-gestions in MICRO,. Feburary
1980 (21:41),helped me get it run-
ni.ngon my system.
lit is a fun language! But, to my
disappointment, I discovered thatthe "Match" statement would onlymatch the first word input into theaccept field. For example, I was try-ing to get the program to match i f
the word "wrong" were typed by theperson using the program. If he orshe typed "wrong" it would match,but if "you arewrong" were typed, itwouldn't match.
I made a modification to the TinyPilot interpreter to remedy thisshortcoming. This modification fitsin the space in KIM's upper RAM
rig hi bahind App lega te' silOroutines.
Here's how it works. The inter-preter enters the old "Match"routine..If amatch is made, fine, theinterpreter goes on to the nextroutine. If no match islound, themodifications prevent the old"Match" routine from giving up thateasily.
The modification routine looks forthe first ASCII "space" in the accept
29:32
0 0 1 0 : Ilt.Y PILCT ~,C[) 1F teA !leNO O W : ! t C . I IE R . " IC hU E . .
O O J O :
0 0 4 0 : "ClJ-P tLG lit
0 0 5 0 :
O O b O : ins ~L G "I f ~ O O l ) l
OG7Q:: L7D5 t.0MD * $').)'1",
O O e O : 17[,) ClUTCb "I f ~Lf .AO 1 1 . 1 1 - 1 C U T " U T ( ' h A R A C ! F : . H
o o s o : 1 1 1 1 5 ( ' e T C h * ~lE5A II.U, u , ' " U ! UtAki..L TE!'.
0 1 0 0 : l7u5 C I < . L . f * H E l F l < . 1 1 - 1 ( .A kR L \ .( ,E KE! L'Rt./ L t l>EEEED
0 1 1 0 : O J . 5 J C , R G ~ O J 5 J l I E 1 1 ' < 10 EAlSI1t;G P F . L G 1 < A . ' 1
oUo :0 1 ] 0 ; 0 ) 5 ) 4(; bl 17 JI-IP ~ 1 7 1 i C lhAt.GE F l :! -<l IIG . .. . " o F Ji.: 'hP
0 1 4 0 ; Qjjb 4C Ab 17 JhP ~ 1 7 A b JMi' TO U~L [ . l E E - E . ! ' . kJ'J'. L ! - < h~,~11
0 1 5 0 :
OlbO; o s s c LIl.C $ O J 5 c
I H i O : OJ5C A . o ~A LIlli l<GKAD ChAt.GE LCADll\(, ltlS! T O t . L R A l JDlbO:
0 1 9 0 : I ) J 6 ( ' ek G $ O J b G
0 2 0 0 : OlM, L:) E S IIt.E . $ ' . ) J 5 J
O l l O :
0 2 . : 1 . 0 : O J A ) (,!i.L ~ O j A J
0 2 : ' 1 ) : O J . . . 4 ( . b 5 17 JI,P ~l"/b5 J~,P T O bEGlt.Ntt.G L F t.E" L('(,P
n 4 0 :
0 ) , 5 1 ) : 1 / 1 : : 0 ORG $171>0 kEGl~!ER P F . . E . 5 E I I . \ E , R
0160:
0 2 7 0 : 1 7 1 : : 0 0 0 XSAVE ~ O O
0 2 b O : Db! 0 0 ' t S A ' l r E - ';'00
0 2 9 0 :
0 3 0 0 : : : .HI (,L'"!'(.liR S . A V L I . ! !
0 3 1 0 :
0320 : 17t-, hL bl 11 S A \ r C C T ~n " t ~A~E S A V E y
!).l.:;~: ln5 20 A{ J I E J S L < ('V"!:Ch !-kll'oT jl;."10 3 4 0 : Ubb AC b l 17 LVi Y f : . A ' l r E hH:"H,E y
O J 5 0 : 17bB & . : : 1 k I S !tEIVRt-.
O J c ' . ) ;
0 3 1 0 : : : i Y N Lt-.ChR '" ~ A 1 ; i t - .
0 3 8 0 :
0 3 9 0 : 1 7 b C b e bl L7 SAVlt. 5IY Y : : i A V E SA V E Y
0 4 0 0 : Llbf l O SA I.E J5R ('F.1('h ('LI A S C t t ChAR0 4 1 0 : 1I~2 A t : ill 11 un Y S " , 1 ; E R E 5 " ! C ! t F . 't
1 ) 4 : 2 . : : 1 :195 60 RTS K E l I . H ' f ;04JI) :
0 4· 40 : f:.H, e R U '" 5A 1 ; ( . ;,
0 4 5 0 :
0 4 t O : L 1 9 6 l';!; l : l l 11 ~ A \ " C i \ sn Y S A Y E 5 ; . ' i r E Y
0410~ 17':6 bE btl 11 SIX } . 5 A ' l r E SA\,E X
MICRO -- The 6502 Journel October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 35/85
field. When it finds one, it makes thenext character in the accept field in-to the first character of a newsearch.
If the "Match" routine doesn'tfind a match during this search, itlooks for the next ASCII "space",and the search begins anew. Whenthe modification routine discovers
that the next possible accept fieldstart position is the last position inthe accept field, it calls it quits,declares no match, and goes on tothe the next routine in the inter-preter.
The following is a listing of mymodification routine. The addresslocations that begin with "03"replace listings in Mr. Vrtis' pro-gram. They jump Tiny Pilot to thenew routine in KIM's upper RAM.This new routine goes from 17A6to1704. I've also supplied listings of
the 11 0 routines suggested by BobApplegate. They go from 1780-to17A5.
I'd like to thank Mr. Vrtis for pro-viding us with such a fun languagein Tiny Pilot. I hopesoon to be ableto supply intriguing programs inTiny Pilot.
04tO: 17 ~l z o ~F IE
04~0: lI~F AI.: hI 17
0500; 17A2 AE bO 17
0510: 17A5 60
0510:
05:1'):
0540:
0550: 11M ('9 4[,
0560: 17A b DO 07
0570: 11M Al 21
05hO: 17AC e6 ~A
05~Q: 17AE 4C SA 0]0600: 17bl 4C; ,,9 OJ
ObIO: 17B4 EA
0{)20:
06:;0:
0640:
Ob50:
066') :
Ob70; 1 1 B 5 A b ~ A
ceso. 17B7 CA
Ob~O: 17bb LO 07
0700: 17BA A2 4E
0710: us e 86 ozono: 171)E 4(; 79 02
0730:
0740: ll(;l 65 0]
0130: 17C3 cS 2007bO: 1,(,.5 Fa Q2
0770:- 17< :.7 DO E E
07bO: 17C!t CA
0190: 17eA AO 27
ObOO: I/C(; t,4 bD
O t I O : 17LE AO 02
GelD: 1700 eo ~A
Oe~O; 17Dl 4(" j" 0]
OB40:
11:=
JS£'; LxL.f GUn!!T GflLF
L v Y y ~ " , V E R E S ' ! C l < f . ' {
L D ~ > ' S A V E K E S I G R E X
R " ! : S
lllolTIALl:i.f; f(;R t-£l. . LeG!'
LNHk
Bt.E
L v i - 1 M
SI X
JhPJ~:P
t.OP
~4C
"vIM~ll
t-('RA£i
~OJ5A~OjA9
kE!t'RN
LOAD ~ .. IT h BUff ER (·ff:.E T
JMP TO ·EEG1~Nlt.L GF L O C I 'J ~ P TO t.EAT f ! ! ! I o C T 1 L l I o
DETERtIlt-E IF ALL \-.CRDS Hi hUH ER runE lIEEN
EM!-: lNED. 1f sc r , RESET bl!FHR I'llt-!Ek TO
hEi.T " 'vetD
NuRAD L L A D bUFFER FGilloTER
NEXT DL~FER PCS1TI6N
hLLCP L1JX
t;~LG{)P £lEX
EN E
l L > ' t l 1
sr xJ~!I:'
~l0(;P
~4E
flG
~0279
!10O, SC LG:'O N U. X
S T G R E It< flC
I \EAT f<.(;UTll loE
L C ' > ' . D A ~ l < . l i l - i BUFF E l i .
TEST SPAtEIiR M .\...H 1 F SPALE
~ E} ' ! C i 1A RA C T ER
FIRST bUrFER fuSlTlO~
SItaE I ~ CE i. ~ 0 tt .! E R
L u A D Y \-'lIh l L l i. R EL " ! : L t hT E lI o T
H!I !\E' .. bUFFER SIAkT 11>TG /o-l..kA.D
Jl!M' to bEG lM l l' > GC O t \ EI .L 0( ; f
BL0('P ~Oj
~20LL00P
Mil00P
E X P A N S I O N B O A R D
< ; LCOP
LL...a
CHPH IliE(,
I ) t - . E
D E } ,
Lt't'Ul $27
~1:'t' ~OObDLDYl~, ; '1)1
srx 1\0RAIi
JM' ~OJS..
SUPER"E'" GOT ilN EXPANSION aOARD THAT Wll.L TURN YOU '
SU~'R60ARD!C1P INTO A REAL SUPER COMPUTER. JUSTLO OK A t SOM . gF T He F EA T U RES,
Re A~ C OL OR G RA PH IC S
• T wel v e so ft ~ ot c select ab le dlsplay modes-four
alph~n~me~ic an a ei~b~ ~rdpnlc dijpl~y modes,Lnc Lud tn g 6lpK6lj. I 2 .f1X6-4 , 12S-X L 9'6. l2 SX 19:2 or
2~~XI92 denBiti~s.
* u p ~ o ~Is~t ~s~r s e le ct a bl £ c o lo r s .* One d~sp1ay mode offers 49.152 lndlvldu311y
a dd r~ ss ab lo p oi nt s.'* Up to 6K display RAN {Lc c e e cd 1n ytlufl.ed trletno"{y
e r ea ) •
C onnect s d1 reet ly ~ o C clo I or n/w TV , nQm~~ulator required .
• U p to t 6 K ~Kp~ns~o~ R A M _* 8 bl~ p~~~ll~l pore ~/handBhBk~.~ Serial port (p~r~11el-~o-~e'lGl/se~131-~o~
~ nr ~ ll el ~ hl f~ T e8 is t~ I ),' r W D 16 bit t i m ~ T ~ / c o u n t ~ r s
"" Pull doc :uJnul ll: ,- ~t1on p ne k.ag e (includes-scnc:m.otic,p3r~5 lise, mounting inSt~u~Cions. d3ta sh~ets,
ijample prog~amS and more),
The S~B ~equLrcs nO ~o~~~loa~lofi ~Q the SBIl/eIF!i~ h~~ t he sa~ e rt.,sicsl di~~nsiDDa a Dd T I lo u n~ ~ n8confi;uratiD~ as th~ 610 board
~Bare bOSTd w/maDual.
SEn-I $249
AssclI{bl~d expansion board w t t h 11\ (I L8pl.:'iy :RAM
an d 4 1 < . us c r ' R f ' \ H .
Phone heu r s e Tl" lc-s-Frt 12-9, Sst 10...6.
! 't_ J _ r e s td e e t sadd 5% sal~s t~~.
5upc~bo~rd/C1P ~~B t radema~ k~ o f Oht o Scientlfl~ , t ne.
GRAf"IX
911 COLUMSH AVE.
~. 6H'''~N, N.J. 01001
.Ol-JJO-1S96
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 36/85
MICRO Club Circuit
Here is another listing of club In-formation. The response to thisfeature has been great. Keep themcoming! A club-special reprint offeris made below.
MICRO ATTENDS THE APPLE FAIR
The APPLE FAIR was held onAugust 16th at NYU Tisch Hall.
Eight sponsoring clubs gatheredtogether to present seminars andexhibitions for over 800 people in at-tendance. Each club contributed adisk to exhibit from its own library.This proved to be a very popularfeature. Many of these clubs hadnever worked together before andwere pleased to find their combinedefforts produced an exciting event.
Seminars were held all day andwere well attended to the very last.MICRO's Software Consultant, FordCavallari, gave a presentation on"The APPLE in Education." Fair
Organizer, Bruce Brewster, com-mented that the idea of a unified ef-fort for such an event, which bringsmany clubs together, has greatmerit. He expressed his hopes formore events similar to this in thefuture.
More than 10 dealers were pre-sent, along with MICRO. Our obser-vations are that this was one of thebest fairs ever run and was wellworth the Journey. We hope thatothers initiate similar events.
The Sponsoring Clubs tor this AP-PLE Fair were:
BIG APPLE USERS' GROUPAPPLE POWER
N.J. APPLE USERS' GROUPPHILADELPHIA AREA USERS' GROUP
APPLESHAREAPPLELIST
NEW ENGLAND APPLETREEand
WASHINGTON APPLE PI
MICRO distributed reprints of Pro-fessor William F. Luebbert's"What's Where in the APPLE."MICRO now offers them to any of-ficially registered club. Simply have
29:34
your secretary notify us and we willsend you a quantity of thesereprints.
If your club Is not registered, whyIsn't it? Send for our registrationform and indicate the amount ofreprints you would like. We have onhand only a limited amount of thisfine article, so be sure to have your
secretary respond quickly!
OMEGAOSI Microcomputer Enthusiasts
Group - AustraliaBecause these members are spreadall over Australia this club does nothave regular meeting times.However, small groups of membersin each city will often meet at eachother's homes on an informal basis.OMEGA functions as a Hardwareand Software Exchange, andpubl ishes a bimonthly Newsletter.Membership is currently at 50, with3-4 new members each month. Formore information, contact:
Geoff Cohen72 Spoflorth StreetHoltA.C.T., 2615Australia
The Ann Arbor AppleMeets every third Thursday of themonth. Starting time is 7:00 p.m. atNCEICompumart (1250 N. MainStreet, Ann Arbor). Formed inJanuary of 1980, this club now has agroup of 80 members. Contact:
The Ann Arbor AppleP.O.Box M-1047Ann Arbor, MI 48106
"Formed so that Apple users could
see some of the Hardware and Soft-
ware available at me.etings. Our
main asset is our monthly, 22.page
Newsletter. Dues are $12.00 per year
and include free copying of club
disks or discount by mail."
MICRO-- The'6502 Journal
OKe Atart User GroupMeets once a month on announceddates (at previous meeting) at 7:30p.m. at High Technology ComputerStore (1611 N.W. 23rd Street). TerryBarker is club President for about 10members, so far. For further infor-mation, contact:
Terry Barker
First National BankBox 25189Oklahoma City, OK 73125
"To further understanding of the
Ater). r r
Apple Sauce 01 OmahaMeets on the last Wednesday ofeach month at 7:30 p.m. at theEngineering Building on the Univer-sity of Nebraska Campus in Omaha.This group was formed in January of1980 and has grown to over 40members. Contact:
John Anderson
3701 McKinley 4BOmaha, Nebraska 68112
"Our goal is to provide members
with information about the Apple
Computer, available software, and aforum to share member's
knowledge of the Apple."
Updates-Updates-Updates
Santa Barbara Apple User GroupAddress change for this club:
2007 State StreetSanta Barbara, CA 93105
Meets on the 1st Wednesday of themonth at 7:30 p.m. at The ComputerShop (2007 State Street, Santa Bar-bara, CAl. Correspondence shouldbe addressed to:
Secretary2031 De La VinaSanta Barbara, CA 93105
New England Apple TreeThe zip code for the post office boxas listed in MICRO 25:69 should be01801. The Club's new president isLori Steinmetz.
October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 37/85
Speed up your PET programming with The BASIC How Toolkit makes your programming easier:
Programmer's Toolkit~ now only $39.95. FIND locates and displays the BASIC program lines
Don't waste valuable programming time if there's an that contain a specified string. If you were to typeeasier way to go, Here it is: The BASIC Programmer's FIND A$, 100-500, your PET's screen would display allToolkit, created by the Palo Alto ICs, lines between line numbers 100 and
a division of Nestar The Toolkit is I 500 that contain A$
a set of super programming aids ncrease RENUMBER renu~bers the entiredesigned to enhance the writing, program currently Inyour PETdebugging and polishing of BASIC You can instantly change
t~~;~ri~~~~ir~:VTI. IQ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ ~kilobytes of ROM firm- . t . : J . I . "This extra ROM store lets you avoid O f just use RENUMBER 500.
loading tapes or giving up valuable HELP is used when your programRAM storage, It plugs into a socket' stops due to an error. Type HELP,inside your PET system, or is mount- and the line on which the errored on a circuit board attached on occurs will be shown. The erroneousthe side of your PET, depending on portion of the line will be indicatedwhich PET model you own. in reverse video on the screen,
There are basically two versions of These simple commands, and the otherPET.To determine which Toolkit you seven listed on the screen, takeneed, just turn on your PET If you the drudge work out of programsee ***COMMODORE BASIC~** development work. And for a veryyour PET uses the TK-80P Toolkit. low cost. The BASIC Program-
If you see ###COMMODORE mer's Toolkit costs as little asBASIC###, your PET uses the $39,95, or at the most, $59,95.TK-160 Toolkit. Other versions ofthe BASIC Programmer's Toolkitare available for PET systemsthat have been upgradedwith additional memory.
Get the BASIC Programmer'sToolkit and find out how quickand easy program developmentcan be. See your local PETdealer or send this coupon intoday.
~ET pe,'sonalC : : : com."cdol""e r-' C:::CrTlput:er
200158"'05
~~IL(Q) ~lLu(Q)ICsADiVlSlonat N~slarSyslems,ncorpcrated
PET'· is a Irademark ofCommodore BusinessMachines, Inc. The BASICProgra mrners Toolki I'·ISa trademark of PaloAlto ICs. a division ofNestar Systems. fnc .
The Toolkit IStully assembledIis not", kil and requires nospecial tools 10install.
. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . .·•I want to saveprogrammingtime and money.Send me The BASIC Programmer's Toolkit that will give
my PET 10 new and useful commands.Fill in the appropriate line below:
Oty, TK-160 Toolkit(s) @ $39.95
Oty, TK-80P Toolkil(s) @ $59.95
Quantity discounts available to qualified dealers. Want tocharge it?Call (415) 493-TOOL, or fill out the form below.
Enclosed isa 0 money order 0 check
(If charging): 0 Bill VISA 0 Bill MasterCard.
Pleaseinclude the amount of the Toolkit, plus $2.50 for
shipping and handling, Pleaseallow 4-6 weeks for delivery.SATISFACTIONGUARANTEED, OR SEND IT BACKWITHIN 10 DAYSOF RECEIPTAND PALO ALTO ICsWILL REFUND YOUR MONEY.
SEND TO:Name-- ___
Address _
Cily' State Zip, _
Charge Care Exp. Date__ Phone _
MAIL TO: PaloAlto ICsA Division of Nestar Systems, Inc.430 Sherman AvenuePalo Alto, CA 94306(415) 493-TOOL
Master Card Interbank Number _
Signalure' _
. . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • _ . . • • • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • • . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . ~ ~ .
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 38/85
For Multiple File Tape Backups
This PET utility takes the drudgery out of makingmultiple backup copies of cassette files.~ .""'~~
Always make a backup copy! That
is g.ood advice, and I followed itassiduously for a year. Then itbecame apparent that somethinghad to give. I had over 100 originalprograms or data files on separatetapes; which meant that I had over100 backups. That made me one ofthe more reg'ular customers of thestore from which I buy tapes, and Ihad a very I.arge sum of money tiedup ln tapes. In addition, my tapeswere running me out of house andhome ..Something had to be done!!
Aside from lethargy, what keptme from doing something about thissituation was the recognition ofhow slowly the PET tape driveoperates, and the amount of time!projected it would take to makemultiple file backup tapes or to usethem once they were constructed.But I remembered a couple of pro-grams that used fast forward to goskittering across the tape until thecorrect file was found so I dug themout and began to construct multiplefile backup tapes. Everything wasgoing fine until I had to save a pro-
gram that took 2K of memory andone that took 11.3K of memory.Because of the way the programworked that wasted a lot of spacefor the first program and was not bigenough for the second. The prob·lem: a fixed amount of tape reservedfor each program. That seemed avery unhandy way for a program tooperate so I wrote this program call-ed TAPE BACKUP.
TAPE BACKUP is designed tofacilitate creating mu ltipte fi Ie
29:36
backup tapes. In order to do this ef-
fectively you need along tape; a 46minute or 60 minute tape will do ..The first program saved on the tapeis TAPE BACKUP. After TAPEBACKUP is loaded you are askedwhether you want to use cassette#10r #2. Then a "table of contents"is displayed, and you are instructed10 push F.FWD and then indicatethe number of the file you want 10access (or the location at which youwish to save a file). Once you in-dicate the file, the cassette fast for-wards to the appropriate place andstops. The operation is very Simple,and F.FWD is fast, at least relativeto PLAY. In add itlon, the prog ramgives instructions on what has to bechanged in the program when youadd a file to the tapeto bring it up todate, and it will even compule thenumber of jiffies required to fast for-ward over a program of a given size.
Next I would like to describe theprogram and how it does what itdoes. Then I will sugg.est some strn-pie procedures for using the pro-gram.
The program is designed to bequite fl ex! ble. It wi II T U n onmachines with either the new or oldPET BASIC ROMs, and it will permitusing either cassette. The PEEKstatement in line 90 determineswhether it Is the new or old ROM.The next few lines print an introduc-tion to the program and determinewhich, cassette will be used. Lines180·195 define a variable "RO"which combine those two pieces ofinformation, and this variable is us-ed later in three GOSUB statements.
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
G _ B _ BoyntonDept. of Political Science
University of IowaIowa City. IA 52242
Unes 200 through 350 put the in-
structions to push F.FWD and thetable of contents on the screen.
Lines 400 through 550 plus threesubroutines and a data statementare the heart of the program. Thereare four tasks to be performed inthis segment of the program.
1. Stop the cassette.2. Ascertain the file to be accessed.3. Determine the number of jiffiesneeded to get to that file.4. Start the cassette; let it run the re-quired length of time; and then stopthe cassette.
Lines 400,410, and 530 obtain thenumber of the file to be accessed.They constitute a loop which in-cludes the GOSUB statement in 420.Depending, on "RO", whichspecifies the ROM and the cassettebeing used, statement 420 sendsthe program to a statement whichdoes two things. It sets the tapedrive to an "ott" status, and it stopsthe operation of the appropriatecassette motor. For the old ROM,
memory location 519 sets the statusof the first tape and 520 sets thestatus of the second cassette. Forthe new ROM the comparablememory locations are 249 and 250. If52 is POKEd to 519 for the old ROMor 1 is POKEd to .249 for the newROM this sets the status of tape 1as off, For tape 2 the memory loca-tion 520 must be POKEd 1 for Ihe oldROM and 250 must be POKEd 1 forthe new ROM. Memory location59411 is used torthe first cassettemotor in both old and new ROM's,and 59456 is used for the second
October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 39/85
cassette motor. By POKing 61 forthe first cassette or 223 for the sec-and cassette, the motor is turnedoff.
The third task is accomplished bylines 440 through 500.In 440 the filenumber is changed from a string
variable to a number. This allowsthe for/next loop in 450 through 490to operate the appropriate numberof times. Line 460 reads the Kthnumber on a data statement; thedata statement is in line 888. Line470 adds the past value of J(represented by Jl) to 150 (which isthe jiffies needed for the leader) tothe number of jiffies needed for thefiIe. If one wants the fourth file theloop will operate four times. Thefirst time it wi IIadd the past value ofJ (which is zero) to 150 (for theleader) to the number of jiffies for
the first file. And it continues in thisway through four iterations. Thus,the loop calculates the number ofjiffies needed to reach the file to beaccessed.
The final task is fast forwardingto the appropriate placeonthe tape.This is done in lines 510through 540and theassociated subroutines. Thesubroutine in 1100(or whichever ofthe four is appropriate) sets a valueof TSwhich is the current valueof TI(the PET's clock) plus J. Then itstarts the cassette motor. In530the
value of TI is compared to TS; aslong as TI is less than TS thecassette is fast forwarding. WhenTIis no longer less than TS thesubroutine shuttled to by line 540stops the cassette motor.
From line 600 on the programgives instructions. After thecassette stops one can either ac-cess the file or save a new file. Theprogram contains two features forassisting in creating a new file.First, it will remind the user aboutthe c.hangesthat should bemade in
TAPE BACKUP when a new file isadded. Then it will compute the jif·fies needed for a file of a given size.The user has to know how muchmemory is required for the programor the data set. This can be deter-mined using FRE(O)when the pro-gram is loaded or before and after adata file has been read by a pro-gram.
Using the program is quite sim-ple. It works particularly smoothly
October 1980
10 REt,! .. ,. * TAPE DACKUP PROGRAn20 RI'!H *** G. R. nOYtlTot!30 RF.H H* DEPARTI-IENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
4 0 IlE~1 "'.. * UNIVERSITY OF roNA
50 REM * * * IOWA CITY, laiA 5Z24290 RH=PEEK(50003)100 PRINT" [CLR] (DN] ION) [DN)";TIIB(lO);"*** TAPE BAC!(uP ***"
110 PRINT" {DN] [ON] t om ruts PROGIlMI IS DESIGllED TO FIICILITATE"
120 PRIWf"CREATHIG /1ULTIPLE FILE TAPE BACKUPS. ~
130 PRINT" (om IT CflN BE USED EITIIER TO SAVE A FILE"
140 PRINT"l\T .A Pl\RTICULi'.R SPOT on TnE TI\PE OR TO"150 PRH1T"ACCESS A PROGMI,1 OR DATI\ SET QUICKLY."
160 PRWT"[DN] (DN) (DN]DO YOU ("ANT TO USE TAPE UOR TAPE t2?"
170 PRINT" [DN] (RC) [RC] IRC) (RESPOND 'I' OR '2 ') Q;: INPUT TD
180 IF RI'FO MID TD=l THEN RO=l
185 IF RH=O AND TD=2 THEN RO=2
190 IF RH=1 AHD TD=1 TUEN RO=3
195 IF RI·j=l MlD T~2 TI!EN RO=4
200 PRINTd(CLRJ [DN] [ON] [DN) PRESS f".FI'lD KEY ON CASSETTE TAPE NOl-l,"
210 PRINT" [DN] NEXT ENTER THE OESIGHl\TION POR THE fILE"
220 PRINT"TO DE SELECTED."
230 PRINT"(mlJIDN)THE FlLES ON THIS TAPE ARE:"
240 PRINT" [ON) N DATA FILES FROIi CALENDAR"
250 PRINTft--- ----------"260 PRINT·[DV)O. FIRST FILED
270 PRINT"l. SBCOflD FILE"
Z80 PRINT"Z. THIRD FILE"
290 PRINT"3."300 PRINT" 4. D
310 PRINTN
5.·320 PRINT" 6. "330 PRINT"7.·
340 PRINT"B. W
350 PRINT"9. TENTH FILE"400 N$~" II
410 GET N$
420 on RO GOSUS 1000,1010,1020,1030430 IF NS=''' THEN COTO 410
4<10 fj=ASC (LEP'l'$ rxs , 1))-48445 IF N=O THEN 600
450 FOR K=l TO N460 REI\D DIK)
470 LET J=Jl+150+D(K)
480 LET J1=J
490 llEXT r:500 RESTORE
510 PRINT"SEARCHIlIG FOR FILE";N
520 011 RO GOSUD 1100,1110,1120,1130
530 IF' TI(TS THEN 530540 011 RO cosun 1200,1?l0,1220,12]0
600 PRINT"[CLR) InN) [mil [DN]FILE ";N;II HlIS eEEN rouun.«610 PRIm'" [DN) PRESS 'STOP' on T¥IE CflSSr.'l'TE."
620 PRINT"(mlltJOI') YOU NAY ACCESS TfJE FILE NOfiMALLY"
630 PRINT" [.oHlOR"
640 PHIl<T" [D'Jl SAVE 1 1 NI::I·lFILB ON 'l'ft E TI\PE ATII
650 PRINT"[DN)TnIS pOInT."
660 PRINT" tmn trnn ImIH!OULO YOU Lmr. INS'l'RUCTIOtl5 FOR UPDATING"
670 PRlN'l""rtIIS PROGIlJ\i.1l,mCN ADDING l\. MEI'I FILE?"
680 PRINT"[DNI",:INPUT A$
690 IP A,="rr;:s" 'l'IIEN cosun 1300
700 PRINT" [CLlII [ON] 10111[Ot1HIOULO YOU LIKE TO CO~\PUTE TilE Nur·1BER-710 PRltTT"OF JIFFIES f(F:(llilRED FOR TilTS FILE?"720 PRINT" [Dn J . . ; : IIIPU,):" 11 $
730 IF i\S="YP.,," TIlE!,) cosun 1400
740 PRINT" [mll TITAT'S IT."
'750 END
838 DI\TI\ 37.5,700,5
1000 IF PEEK(519)=O THEN POKE 519,52:POK£ 59411,61:RETUR"1010 IF PEEI,(520)~O TIlE!1 POKE 520,I:POKE Sg456,27.3:RETURN
1020 IF PI':t;;K(249) =0 TlIEr! POI,E 249,52: POKE 59411,61: RETUllN
1030 IF PE8K (250) =0 T!lEN POKE Z50,1: POl;E 59456, Z23 :RETURN
HOO Por,E 59411 ,53 :TS=TI+J : RETURN
1110 POKE 59456,Z07:TS=Tl+J:RETURN
1120 POKE 59~11,53:TS=TI+J:RETURN
1130 POKE 59456,207:TS=TI+J:RETUlm
1200 POKE 59411,61:RETURN1210 POKE 59456,223:~ETURN
1220 POKE 59411,61:RETURII
1230 POI:E 59456,223: RETUfU
13 00 PRINT" [CLm rern [Dtll [Dt-I)TI'10 PARTS OF TIlE PROGRAM SHOULD BE"
1310 PRINT"UPD!lTE:D.·
1320 PRINT" [D1J)THE TABLE OF COllTENTS IN LWES 230·
1330 PRINT"TIIROUGll 350 $110ULD DE CHM1Gen BY ADDIlIGU
1340 PRINT"'fl!E N!IIlE OP THE FILE !.DDED."
MICRO -- The 8502 Journa.l 29:37
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 40/85
13 50 PRINT" t orn TH ~ DATA $TI\T,,:IE'IT IN LI~1E888 SHOOLD"
1360 PRItTT" HI\I/ETl-IE NUI!BCR OF JIFf'I as m TIW Ne~l"
13 70 PRINT" PIt. e ADDED TO IT."13 80 PRItTT" r TIn] " ; : rOR [(=1 '1'0 22: PRI:)T" UmJ " ; ,tlEXT K1385 PRItTT" PRESS SP!'.CE P,l\?' TO COlITINllE·
1390 G ET _ 1 '1 $: 1 1 " ,'l.S."U T H E N 1390
1399 RETO!":N
1400 P"ItTT" lelA:l r m:) r m o l l [DN J 'I'11E ! W I I BER or JI rnES REQll IRED TO"
1410 PRI!'!T "FM;;T rom·!f~?D 01/811 A rILE oepSNOS on THE"1420 PRINT"SIZE OF THP FILS. IF THE PILE REQUIRES·
1430 PR I ,1 'I '" 2 • 1 K 0 F HEI lO R Y IT ['I ILL TAKE .~ Si:.'\LL"1440 PRIN?" IlUJ.;I3ER OF JIFFIES. I F THE fue ntou IRES"1450 PRINT" 11 .31\ or !-tEl-lORY nORE J IFF IES !-l!LL EE "
1460 PRIMTnR~QUIR~D."147'0 PIUIIT" (ON] [DIll non i'il'lt-1Y BYTES Of' ~1ErIORY ARE R8QUIRED"
1480 PRItlT" FOr-: THE FILE?"1490 PRINT" t nc I (PL 8,...,£ G IV!': l\ HUEBER L us 2.1 OR 11.8)"
1500 PRINT" (ntll " I,I NI'U? 1·[
1510 1'1'1-",1* 1000
152 (I JJ=I·l!1/151530 PRPIT" (DIll U I JJ ;~ IS TTlE NIH1BER OF lU'FIES"15 t,(I I'R IN T" r DN J (mil !lOULD YOU L 11< E TO CO;;PllT8 T [lE NU11B ER "
1550 PRINT"OF J!r.n~s FOR l \~!OTHr,R f'lLE?"1560 PRI~~"rDMl";;I NPUT Ai
157 (I IF )'$"," Yf,S" THF.N GOTO 147 (I
1580 RE:'l 'Ul"lN
CLEAR SCREENCURSOR DOWNCURSOR UPCURSOR HOME
ILClIRG][RY]IRYOFF]
IGLR][DN][UP][HM]
CURSOR LEFTGURSORRIGHTREYERSEREVERSE OFF
file '0'. Take the backup tape out ofthe cassette and put the tape to becopied from in the cassette and loadthat program. Once the program isloaded type PRINT FRE(O).That will
give the amount of RAM left. If thatnumber is subtracted from the RAMavailable you then know the amountof RAM used by the program. Take
the program tape out and insert thebackup tape which is still at the
with two cassettes, one for tapes tobe oopied from and one for the tapeto be copied to. However, I will notassume two cassettes are availablein these instructions.
First, one needs a long tape withTAPE BACKUP saved as the firstfile. Load and run the program. DONOT REWINDTHE TAPE. The tapeis now ready for saving your backup
position it was after loading TAPEBACKUP. Save the program at thispoint. Rewind the tape and loadTAPEBACKUPagain. Add the nameof the new file to the table of con-tents. Then type RUN 1400 to corn-pute the Jiffies needed,and add thisto the data statement in line 888.Tosave a second program run TAPEBACKUP again asking for file '1'.The program will fast forward overyour '0' file and be in place for sav-
jngfile '1'. Then repeat the stepsoutlined above.
To access a file is even simpler.Load TAPE BACKUP. Specify thefile you want to access. The pro-gram will fast forward to that tlle,and you load the program.
To save or access a data file (asopposed toa program) you need aprogram that will read and write the
data file. Load TAPE BACKUP.When it has fast forwarded to theappropriate locatlon take the
backup tape out and load the pro-gram to read and write the data file.Read the data file, and take thattape out. Put the backup tape in thecassette, and write the data file.
Making multiple tile backup tapesis always a rather boring task; it isone of the overhead costs of havinga tape based system. But this pro-gram takes a good deal of thedrudgery out of the task.
Computer House Div.
AnnouncesPrograming Tools
Fo.rthe CommodorelDisk
"SCREEN DUMP/REPEAT" ~ $35.00In Machine Language, Dumps anything on,CRTto Printer. Repeat Simulates Repeat on 8032 for8K, 16K & 32K #2001.
"VARI~PRINT" -$25.00Prints a Listing of all variables and every linenumber where each occurs.
"DOCU~PRINT" - $20.00
Similar to Screen Dump except in Basic for usewithin your own program.
"FETtRECOVER" - $65.00File Editing Tool; Examine Data Files, FixDestroyed Pointers, Sectors may be read,Modified, Displayed or Written - Also Filesmaybe Re~chained.
"SUPER RAM" - $20..00Diagnostic Routine Checks Every PossibleRAMAddress on 8K, 16K & 32K CBM Computers.A veileble on Diskette right now .....
"SCRUNCH" - $36.00For Apple II or Apple 1 .1 Plus. Compacts BasicPrograms up to 20%.
Programs for Commodore I Apple
"Legal Accounting" $1200.00"AI R, AI Pr Job Est.& Job Cost. . . 31.0.00"Political Party Mailing List" . . . . . . . . . . 1.50.00
ENGINEERING & MACHINE SHOP
"Machine Part Quoting" $280.00"Trig & Circle Tangent" . . ... . . . . . ... .... 70..00"Bolt Circle" . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25..00"Spur Gears". . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. 35.00"Beams; Stress& Deflection" . . . . . . . .. 145.00"Tank Thickness"
For Filament Winding. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85.00
All 6 for only $495..00
And many others coming soon - including
Report Gen. for Commodore - Ask for Catalog
#80-C2.
COMPUTER HOUSE DIV.1407Clinton Road
Jackson, Michigan 49202Phone: 1517)782~2132
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 41/85
PET V-et
by Loren WrightPET SpecialistMICRO Staff
Documentation on the PET is definitely improving,
both from Commodore and from independent sources.
PET veterans remember all the trouble they had in get-
ting Information, and I won't go into a. long dissertation
on Commodore's past inadequacies in this area,Neophytes can be assured that they won't have any of
the same problems.
Commodore currently has availablePET User Manual(BASIC 2.0, $9.95), PET User Manual (BASIC 3.0, $9.95),
CBM User Manual (BASIC 3.0, $9.95) and CBM UserGuide ($7~95). As this column goes to press, a manualcovering the 4.0 BASIC (Point of Reference Manual) hasjust been released. When the magazine reaches you, a
manual covering the 5'1." Floppy Disk should be
available. Neither was available in time for this column,
but both sound as if they would be valuable.
Recently several books applicable to the PET have ap-
peared independently of Commodore. For the PET userwho Is new to both BASIC programming and the PET,
Hands-On BASIC with a PET by Herbert D. Peckham(McGraw-Hili, 1979, $10_95) is an excellent starting point.Each chapter begins with specific learning objectives,
progresses to a hands-on discovery session, then a
discussion, and finally a quiz. Thinking Is encouraged by"What do you think will happen If._.?" Many Illustrations
of the_ PET's output and cartoons are liberally used to
convey important points.
PET/CBM Personal Computer Guide by Carroll S.Donahue and Janice K. Enger (Osborne/McGraw-HIli,
1980, $14.95) is the comprehensive reference manual
everyone hoped would come from Commodore. It is
Commodore-authorized, which means, I Imagine, that
Commodore provided a lot of information and reviewed
the manuscript. It is clearly written, well-organized, and
prolifically illustrated. There are many programming
hints, although the book is not intended as a programm-
ing manual.
The authors- make liberal use In the text of photos,
keyboard diagrams, flow charts, and actual PET output.
All of the essential charts and tables (memory maps,
ASCII and PEEK/POKE codes, error messages, and lots
more) are Included in an appendix. Whenever there is a
difference between operation with old and upgrade
ROMs this is clearly pointed out. The book lacks. inter-
facing information, and assembly ianguage Is only
touched upon, but otherwise it is an invaluable
reference for every PET owner. The book Is currently be-
ing revised and expanded to cover all three BASICs and
all of the Commodore peripherals. The new edition, due
in November, will be enclosed with all new PETs SOld.
PET and IEEE 488 Bus (GP/B) by Eugene Fisher andC.W. Jensen (Osborne/McGraw-Hili, 1980, $14,95) covers
just about everything you need to know about the GPIB.
Even If you only want to understand the bus on an in-
tuitive level, the book is designed to accomodate you. Of
course, if you want liming diagrams and schematics,
those are here too. Once you start reading it, you will
probably find youself learning more than you had
originally intended. The cartoons, aside from entertain-
ing, actually reinforce the essential concepts. An
especially valuable feature of the book is a section giv-ing detailed instructions for using five different
peripherals with the PET on the bus. Another is a section
on adapting non-standard devices to the bus, Many PETowners fail to realize the potential of that mysterious
connector back there bet wean the power cord and the
parallel user port. This book should get many reluctant
users to actually use it!
Another book - PET Machine Language Guide - isavailable from Abacus Soflware (P.O. Box 7211, GrandRapids, MI 49510, $6.95 plus $_70 postage). It covers awide range of necessary operations, such as arithmetic,
address handling, and input/output. Also included are
detailed descriptions of many of PET's own routines.
Some Common BASIC Programs, PET edition by
Poole, Borchers and Donahue (Osborne/McGraw-Hili,$12.50), should be valuable, too. Unlike other books ofBASIC programs available, this book contains programs
that will work in your PET without having to be con-
verted from some other kind of BASIC. Also, the pro-
grams are available on 5'/." floppy disk and cassette,
With the increased attention to documentation on the
part of Commodore, and with the arrival of Ihese ex-
celient independent works, the PET is now finally being
well served, and it looks as If things are going to be get-ting even better.
About ReviewsMICRO's standard policy is for independent reviewers
10 review products and books for the monthly
MICROScope section. Manufacturers and publisherswishing to have their product(s) reviewed should send
for and complete a Product Evaluation Form for each
product submitted. Game-type software is not accepted
for review. Readers interested in becoming potential
reviewers should send for and complete a Reviewer
Qualification form. Unsolicited reviews will not be ac-
cepted.
On a Related Subject
Robert Purser has announced that he will no longer
review PET software in Purser's Magazine, citing as theprimary reasons his diminishing PET readership and
Commodore's announced priority shift from home to
business systems.
October 1980 MICRO -- The 6502 Journal 29:39
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 42/85
FO R YO UR APPLIII
A f D + D / ACommercial, sclentlfic, andindustrial data acquisition and
control functions are now prac-tical with Mountain Hardware'sAID + D/A card. Superfastconversion time permits highfrequency and other applica-tions not possible with slower- cards.AID + D/A features:*Single PC card
*16channels analog to digitalinput*16 channels digital to analogoutput*9p.s conversion time*8 bit resolution*1/0 cable assembly available*Operating manual contains.sample applications withschematics, parts list, andguides for easy start-ups.*Self-test diagnostic software
If you've got a data acqulsltionor control application, MountainHardware has the answer withAID + D/A. Drop by your Appledealer and put your world on asilver platter.
r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,I . . . . . MoW\tain HardwareI .•~ LEADERSHIP IN COMPUTER PERIPHERALSI ~ A Division of Mountain Computer, Inc.
I 300 Harvey West Btvd .. Santa Cruz, CA 95060I (408) 429·8600
I Send me information.
iName _
IjAddress _
IC' SIty tate _
IIZip Phone _
L ,_, , .- . ---------1'Apple II Is a trademark 01Apple Computer, Inc.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 43/85
SPECIAL INTRODUCTIONONLY $99.95
f O R T HE F IN ES T P A R AL LE L I N T Ei l f A W tG £ l£ ' lE HT ,O R T HE ?Ei/Olli'
TH E P . 1 . E , - C IS' VERY C OM 'L E T E I o T E." oE . 1 T (e M,S IN •• A TT lt'CT lV E C ASE '.0
"'UNTS DIRECT LY TO TH E CO "p uT ER , T NU S E LlH IIIA TIN G TH E .EED =OR EJ<TRA SPA CE 10 TNE
BA CK 'FOFt BOX ES A t.L 'O ." 'IESS"( P(lES OF ''"'IRE . Y OU R SYSTEM CAN t .,OCJK ? r 20 F i! S ':HO ffAL . TH e
p , 1.E,-C HA S COIU' Co tt .~OR E55 S ELE cna I L I TY 0 F DEV ICE "U "B E RS TH "OuGH 3 0. ,~"D.THE'RE IS ~ HEeD 1'0 D I S A .S .s I; HB L 2 ' fO U R : U N I T fa CHAHGS nlE AD IlA~Ss; I TI S ,.\ .5 S [MPLle:
A S SETT ING T IlE O IP SWiTCH. TH IS SELECTABIL ITY . lLOWS B OT H Y OU R lHTER-<)UAliTY
PRINTER ( N E e SPINWRITVi, He.) AND YOUR G RA 'H ICS p ~l"n . TO 3E CJHNECTE~ AT THESAllE TlHE B UT U SE D 5E. ' . 'T·oL' ~v >I . ! l .D.REIS INS "AeH w ITH • OI.fERENT OEV ICEIl.
i~ W T fiA TtS ~ EA I.. E .F ~tC te :1 tc "tj [
TH E P , ! . E . - C WILL C ON vE RT O N- ST 'I <O A RD P E T CODES TO rRUE A S C I ! CODE , :r C'N BE
SW[T tH ETI " '1 OR OUT Of 'S.ERvIcE "l.S ~eEDED. F fJ R I N : ST A NC :e :. t f! YOUR 'SOFr"'..:.RE COlES thE.
C O N VE R SW N . · .J IJ ST ~ rT CH T HE C O NV E :: ;t 'fE R a F c, [ F = " reu ~ rE ED T HE C ON V E? stO N C 'O R
:;l"IHl'ITt'NG FROH BASIC. JUST s:wlTCtf [T ON.
CU R IlfTe~fACE PRoviDES 'Xn:NSIOH OF TH E IEEE-~88 ?'JAr O N T IlE PET /e lM , You 00. ' ,
i :i EED TO Bu "f onf ER c." , BL5:'S BcC;AUS e : o ul\ I NT ~ FACE US ES nie SolME CAR:O 5.00i r( ~ s '" s
T IlE COI'IPUTE JL iH US T IlE CA BL , 'HOM i'HE FL~ppr JI50 10 THE PET/C~M W IL e _ CO"-
NetT IHTC f M C . tNiCR;:ACE.
TH E P,l.E,-C IS I"To.CCN"cCTE ll " ITM , A HD .a'.ERE ll BY . TH E 1"INTeR U" ,"G .. 6' O~T'
l: AB t.. E. $ UP PL I: I: _O W IT l- I r HE ~."'I,H~ilFAC:S:. T "H S ~ ",e .A A iltAT THE~E 1$ r K : ! PCWE ;; R : SUPP LY
KE OlOSSA RY ~s ~IT H SE ~IA L INTE .~FAC fS . TH E +5v IS SU • • eI M 0 11 P I~ j 19 OF T IlE (0" -
~ECTOR USED av A L L 1 '1 'U E CENTRONICS S rANOARO I..E ".A CE O P RIN TE RS , THIS ["CeUDS;
T H E C EN T "O N IC S 77 9. P I. .NO ""KY orw s.'S iX C~Un:"G TH E A A AQ E X P R IN T ER S .
O U R I N T£ RF AC E G OE S 3.·/ONO THE (:,"TOONIO' s CCMPATI~IL ITY, TH E'E FO~E . I T «ru,
O'.~ATE TH E ANDERSON-JACOB'OH AJ8Ql ANO TH E '?"E~ IGER' 3' 1 t<H:GR>l ' A r A
$VSTUtS. [H FACT~ IT wtLL DRiVE ANY P .A .RALLEL - IHPu r ?ROfTE!l f'iiAT !JS~3 a OAl 'A errsAND 2 HANDSHAKING el",S.
[F YOU ~~e T~ERESTe :! Io [H T~E l HOST P4Tl:RfACt!. ,PO~ YOUR MDt .!E" f. n lE ,H Pl.) ! :C:E ' fOUR [)~!) 'ER
TOOAY. O~ R INTRODuCTORY PRICE FOR THE P,I.E,-C I "T ER FA C E , /( ,. '; V.T CONGo SO.
OOO'T DE LA Y , , • YOu "" 'Y H OVE rc PA V TH E L IS T i'~ I(; : OF 1119.95,
PLE.\SE sPE CifY YOUR ?ET/~BM I"p, (N EW OR o e D RO~s) "'~C TH E ' RAND '.0 MOD! Ol O F TH E
PFtlttTER yOU w iLL 81;. USfNG. W e A TTACli TH E COR~:ELr CONNECTOR ON THe. :AiClL.:E.
A L L O Rn ER s ""ST 3E PREJ'AIO OR C O D CASH , A o o ! 5 FOR SH IP~ING A ND HANDLING.
f iA RY L . 'l H [] RE . S o E j II T S , 1 \0 0 3 % iA LE S TA X.
U i'lD A1A PA oouns. P .O . 80. 10.0. CoL_ IA . l ID. 2l0~Q
1'lI0"E ( 30 1) 7 30 - 3 <5 7·pt'T/c&l't ,.r. tnIM.!!I4Iri::s ot ~ dcr .t _ lu. r. l" .' :1$ iI.I-cP'ljtl,"
WP·6SoZa very fine word processor
Tape (C1.C2.C4) $75
5" Disk IC1 ,C2.C4J $75
8" Disk for 650 $75
S" 650 & 65U ..... $125Descriptive
Brochure ... , .... FREE
Dwo Quong Fok Lok Sow23 E.•sI 20th Street
New York NewYork 10003
THEWIZMlD ANDTIlE PRDICESSm..RES AD17EMftJRE #iI
Only ON-LINE SYSTEMS could deliver a III-RESjUlVENTURE game on such an epic scale. In this adventure youfind you must do battle egatnst.an evil wizard inorder to save' thelife of the princess. To find the ....1zacd and his castle you mustfirst CT(ISS deserts, oceans, mountains, travel tn an Island lindencounter many strange beasts. You ....11 be forced to learnmagic, navigate at sea and dJ g for treasure. This game shouldprovide months of adventure.
• HUNDREDS OF HI -RES PICTIJRES (looks great on b/w andcolor televisions)
• FULL 21-0)LORl! HI-RES GRAPHICS (each room a wotkofart)
• YOUR GAME MAY BE SAVED IQR LATER OONfINUANCE
• RUNS ON BOTH 48K APPLE II AND APPLE II PLUS
• BY FAR TIffi MOST AMBmOUS GRAPHIC GAME EVER
WRITrEN FOR THE APPLE!!
HI-Res Adventure "2 Is available now at your local computerstore and requires a dJsk drive. To order dJ rectly send 8:\2.9;:; I,,:
On-Line Systems36576 Mudge Ranch RoadCoarsegold. CA 93614209-68.~-6858
VISA, MST CHG, COD, CHECK ACCEPTED
Look for HI-Res Football comtng soon
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 44/85
In the October issue of the Ohio Scientific Small
Systems Journal, we are introducing the C1P family of
personal computers - the C1P Series 2. The article
describes the product and additionally contains. some
applications Information.
Another new product being featured this month is the
DMS Planner. The Planner Is an extremely sophisticateddata management and planning, system. The article con-tains several examples which Illustrate some ollhe
system's remarkable features.
As always, comment on article content is welcomed.
Please submit suggestions, or any other contributions
to:
Ohio Scientific, Inc.
1333 S. Chillicothe Road
Aurora, Ohio 44202
C1P Series 2 Computers
Ohio Scientific's new C1P Series 2 line is the mostcost effective of the Ohio Scientific family of microcom-
puters. In sp ite of its econom Ical price, the new C1P in-eludes many deluxe features usually found only in much
more expensive systems.
The features of the standard C1P Series 2 include:
BK BASIC-in·ROM and BK program RAM·
Switch selectable audio cassette/modem/printer
port
Sound, music and voice output via digital to analog
converter
Software selectable display format (24x24 or 12x4B)
It should be pointed out that a mini-floppy disk Is a
necessity. lor some 01 the advanced applications men-
tioned above.
Additionally, the C1P Series 2 BASIC has full
transcendental arttnmettc capabi Ilty, inctud ingtrigonometric functions, logarith ms, exponent iation,
and lull scientific notation. These features are available
in the "immediate mode" of operation as well as the
stored program mode. For instance, a user can quicklyturn the computer on, type in an equation as a single
line, and press return to get an answer ..The computer
can double as an advanced scientific calculator with
much greater ease of use than any available calculator.
The program storage and alphanumeric capability of
the Challenger lP make- it extreme!y valuable to
engineers, students, and educators for solving sclen-
tiflc,engineering and mathematical analysis problems.
Ohio Scientific's cassette library includes several ad -vanced mathematics oriented programs including a pro-grammable calculator simulator and a mathematical
function library. The library also includes appllcattonsprograms such as definite Integrals, statistical analysts,
and other complex mathematical functions. In general
the Challenger 1P will be hundreds of times faster than
the most -powerful scientilfic calculators in the
"nurnber-crunchlnq" applications.
Ed.ucatlon
Challenger 1P series personal computers are extreme-
Iy versatile in educational computing applications. Once
the user gets involved In the educational applications of
these machfnes, he will Quickly consider them a
necessity in the educational process ..
Young children from kindergarten to grade six are ex-
pecially attracted to computers. As the child's reading
abi.llly develops he quickly masters the elementary
operations of the computer. It is not at all unusual for
six-year old children to respond to mathematical pro-
blems on a personal computer. Children's natural
fascination with computers in conjunction with C1'P's
cartoon-nke interactive capability make the computer
highly valuable In a modern educational environment.
Programs Which teach, tutor and drill students in
virtually all areas of education can be easily program
med on the Challenger 1P system. Ohio Scientific has a
Iull library 01 several types of educational games whichcan be used as an example In programming such ap-
plications. These programs range from a strnpls"Sesame Street" type arithmetic cartoon through
mathematical drills, to word games such as
"Hangman".
Another broad area of education is in teaching com-
puter fundamentals. The Cha Ilenger 1Put Ilizes the most
popular upper level language, BASIC, in a very complete
and concise imp lementat ion. Withlhe Challenger 1P the
user can teach or learn BASIC in conjunction with any of
the commonly available text books on the BASIC pro-
gramming language. The C1P series machines have I U . 1 1machine code accessibility including the machine code
monitor so that advanced students can enter, edit and
execute machine programs. A very fast and interactive
assemblenedltcr is available to run on Challenger 1P
machines so that students can be introduced to the con-
cepts of assembler programming and editing.
The basic system is easily expandable to single or dual
mini-floppies and 32K of program RAM. Additional ex-pansion via the new 630 board allows expansion 10 a
color display, joystick interface, AC remote control and
home security system.
The c ; : : 1P Series 2 personal computer is specl Ilcally
designed for the first-time personal computer user and
for use tn educational environments.
Persona.1 or Hom. Computers
Challenger 1P's advanced character qraphtcs, noise-
free display, programmable keyboard and high speed
BASIC make it capable of spectacular video games,
animation, and elaborate computer games ..Ohio Scien-
tific offers an extensive library of one and two player
video games that are very similar to conventional
"arcade games," as well as a complement of
"standard" computer-type games.
The C1P Series 2 flOAting point decimal arithmetic
capability in conjunction with its cassette storage
abilities make it practical for many forms of personal
financi.al aid and analysis. Ohio Scientific's cassette
library includes a checkbook balancing program, sav-
ings account program, and annuity and loan analysis
programs. Budget planning aids Include home owner-
ship cost analysis and expense accounting. A complete
home budget system is available for use on the C1P
Series 2 mini-floppy system.
Call 1·800·6850 TOLL FREE
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 45/85
Small Systems Journal
Applications
here are many other applications of the basic 1Pchines that have not been mentioned here. The Cl P2 rnlnl-floppy provides the user with the extra con-
ienceof virtually Instantaneous loading and storingograms on mini-floppy disks. The addition of a mini-ppy disk drive to the C1P also provides convenientnstruction and access of data files. Using the fileabil it ies of the C1P'MF, an educator can develop aneractive textbook with a quick access data base foreducational topic. In the home, the data file opera-the mini-floppy makes the Challenger 1P a deluxe
sonal service computer giving the user easy accessone numbers, a personal calendar, addresses ander file-type information.
Series 2 Expansion
11 0 Expander board is available for addition toher the C1P or C1P MF. This board provides the C1Ph the state-of-the-art in input/output capabilities
aling the most expensive small computer systemsilable today. This board allows direct interface withstick,s, remote keypads, AC remote control units,mesecurity system and more. It also substantially en-nces the video display capabilities of the Series 2elsin the Challenger 1P line by allowing the display16 colors with any of the standard 256 graphics
aracters.The color is available either as standard com-site video or with AGB (red-green-blue) direct color
MS PLANNER
hio Scientific, Inc. Is pleased to introduce MOMSnner, a preprogrammed computer system for theme computerist as well as managers and con-
lanner is a technical analysis computer systemich was designed to perform financial planningementsand analysis projections. And because Plan-ris preprogrammed and very flexible. it is easy for thetrained computer user and non-technically orientedrsonto use. This flexibility is accomplished throughe of models.
model is a small scale representation of a largealeevent. Models are used throughout industry in farmany forms to mention, but a common and familiareof model is the wind tunnel.
he wind tunnel has made possible great achieve-nts in the field of aerodynamics, because of three
aracteristics it shares with other types of models:clslon,efficiency, and relatively low cost. Just thinkedifference in working with a six-foot model as op-edto a full-sized aircraft. The model allows for moreecisemeasurements of any variance; It can be ad-stedmore efficiently and simply than full scalestems,and it costs much, much less, both in intltlalstmentand redesign.
Financial modeling shares these desirable featuresthother types of modeling and is similar in concept.l ikethe wind tunnel, f inancial modeling can be usefuleveryone, from home budgeters to plant managers
and consultants. Anyone who needs to know wheremoney is going (or should be gOing!) can benefit fromfinancial modeling.
Moreover. Planner provides a means of storing
models and their results on disk, each stored inseparate data files. This allows the user to recall amodel and/or a given set of results for future use, Such afeature saves time by not having to re-enter modelsand/or results (or vice versa) since both are storedseparately.
When constructing a model, the user must layout anddesign it by defining the lines and columns that shouldexist. This includes specifying title lines (m, blank lines(I), single (/-),and double underlining (I=) (Example 1 and2). Example 1 illustrates lines that might be used in ahome budget. After each line is entered, it is formattedand displayed to the right of its entry. Example 2Illustrates columns that might be used for the samehome budget. Like Example 1, after each column Isentered, it is formatted and reprinted.
example 1
LINE EDIT: AUP ADOWN ACOPY /\MONTFIS AWIDTFI AEDIT A< A>
BUDGET 1980/T
IUCOME/T
1 -
SALARY
BONUS
1-
TOTAL. INCOME
/l:XPEfIDITURES/T
/-
GROCERYUTILITIES
CAR PYHT s TRANSHOUSE PYMT & MAINT
I I ISURANCESAVINGSCLOTHINGMEDICALRECREATION
BUDGET 1900
I N COME
SALARY
BONUS
TOTAL I N COME
EXPENDITURES
GROCERYUTILrrItS
CAR PYMT S TRANS1I0USE PYMT s M.AINTINSURI\NCESAVINGS
CLOTUIN GMEDICAL
RECREATION
(7)
(11)
(I2) ,
(13)
(4)1(15)
(I6)(17) ,
OS)(19)
CURSOR AT LINE 1
FORMATS: IT /- /= /$ /\ II
example 2
COLUMN EDIT; ALEFT AR IGIIT t\COPY I\MONTHS AWIDTH "EX IT A< A>
JANISO FEB/80 MAR/SO APR/BO li1lY/80 JUN/sO JUL/BO
AUG/SO SEPT/BO
CURSOR AT Cl rORHATS: IL I l l. 1$ I. II
OHIO SCIENTIFIC 133 Chillicothe Road. (216)831·5600
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 46/85
Example 3The initial values and amounts of the lines and col
umns are then entered. Finally, the calculations, or whatis referred to as the rules to be performed on the linesand columns, are entered. Example 3 is a l ist of rules thatmight be run on the home budget example. For instance,
rule two {MUL L4 BY 12%, SAVE Ll1" In English means"multiply line 4 by 12% and save the answer in line 11"A simpler interpretation is that the grocery bill will be12% of each month's salary.
RULE EDIT: AUP I\lJOWN I\COPY /\EXIT 1 \< 1 \>
A DD L4 L5, SA VE LlHUL L4 B Y 1 2\. SA VE Ll1M UL Lq B Y 5\. SA VE L16M UL L7 by 10', S A V r . L l9HUL L7 BY 1 0\, SA VE L10HUL L7 BY 35%. SAVE [ ,19, C6I 'I U LL7 BY 1 5\, SAVE L20, C 6HUL Lq BY 20\, SA VE Lll, Cl2HUL L7 BY 25\, SAVE [ ,20, CllT OT Ll1 THR L21, SAVE L23DI V [ .23 BY L7, SAV E L24SU B [ .23 FROM L7, SAV E [ ,25T OT Cl THR C12, SAVE C 13
RULE f1
Planner is an unstructured system which allows theuser to set up models and perform specific operationswith a single key stroke. Models may be executed andset up in any fashion and can be edited and re-entered,allowing the user to run a "What If" pro forma calcula-tion {Example 4), budgets (Example 5), etc. BecausePlanner is a seml-screen formatted system, formattedand easy to read reports and worksheets can bedisplayed on both the console and line printer.
Example 4: "What If" my sales for the first quarterwere one mil lion dollars, cost of sales were $530,000 andsales grew by 25% for the remaining three quarters, but thecost of sales only increased by 20%. What would grossprofit be per quarter? Per year? (See copy of pro formabelow.)
O P ERA T I O N S: A DD,S U B,H U t..DI V , A VE ,fI L, TO T ,HA X,H I N , GRO
Example 4
:INCOME
SALESCOST OF SALES_ .I d=_= - R : :t :_= 'ae '- • • •• a.••__..a.
CP.OSS pp.OFrT
~ST QTR
1.2/3:L 1'7 '!I
PACE 1
AtmllALN[l ClTR 3RD OT R 4TH tlTP.
<3>(4)
- - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - - ' - _ . _ - - ------- - _ . _ _ ._---- - _ - - _ . _ - - -""00eee. ee a. lie II. ee e. ee I !I. ,,~:l3eeeB. fie e. ee fl. fie fl. !!It" e. Ill'!• • _ _ ' I I I I t ' I : : • ••
- - - - - - - - . . . .. - - - . . ...- - . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ - -e. ! ! Ie B. ee e. ee e. BB e. BI!!6)
12/311'79
PAGE 1
1ST QTR 2NO OTR 3RD ClTP. 4TH ClTP. AN'RIRL
I N C O M ESALESCOST OF SALES•• .t" ..... •• '.-••• -• '. •
CROSS PROFrT
en(4)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------- . . . . . _ . . . . _ . _ - - - - _ . -1f10'0!left. 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1e~1'1I ! l1 ! I1 ! I_ 8l'1 1'!162~el'l.l'Il!I 1 ~: 531 2~ . ! .'I I! !44:1,40-6 2!i
: l 3 1 ! t 0 e l : ' l .I e 6 ~ 6 e e l ! l . e e 7 6 3 2 l ' 1 e . !II!! 91:58"'8. Ill'! H!I:'J9l'10e. 1 ! I 1 ' I- - - ...._ . - . _ . - .. . . . . . - - _ 1 1 1 ' . ' . - - - - ... . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . _ - -47f:1l1ee.Be 61411B0. ee 79"308. ae 18372e,. lie 1 3 " 2 ' 3 9 9 . 2 : 1
Example 5: Now that I have received a raise, can the contributions and gifts are 10% of income. All other ex-cost of leasing a car and transportation expenses (leas- penses are fixed amounts.ing and transportation cost estimated at $68.00/mo) fit Note: Twice a year a $500 bonus is given: Vacationin my budget? Keep In mind that groceries are 12% of (June) and Christmas, thus causing more money to bemy salary, utilities fluctuate according to seasons, sav- needed for certain expenditures in June and December.
~. __n_g_S_a_r_e_5_._~_0_f_s_a_l_a_ry_,_r_ec_r_e_a_tl_·o_n_i_s_1_0_~_._0_f_i_nc_0_m_e_,_a_nd (S_ee_c_o_p_y_O_f_b_u_d_g_e_t_.)
Call 1·800·6850 TOLL FR.EE
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 47/85
Small Systems JournalExample 5
Bob& Nancv Jonps
I Month! y Budg@'t
For 1989(Which .includ.!' the- addi'tional pxppns:. or 1•• sin9 • car)
12/31/73PAGE 1
BUDGET 1980 .rAN/8e FEB/Be I'IRp./e:e APR,'se I 'IR,,. , ,se .YUH/Be .rUL/80
INCOI'IE- - _ . _ - - --------------'----- - - - - - . - - - . _ - - - - - - - _ . _ - - - - - - - ------.- - - _ . _ _ . _ - - .-----.--- ----.---SAL A P,',.. (4) ge:l..4" 939. 2: 1. "!'Ie.ee '31:54.7 '!!'::'Fe.e '3 I~B. ee 930. 71
BONUS (~) B. 00 0. 00 0. 08 0. Be 0. 89 '!S0e.e0 0. 00
---------------.----.------ --------.-- ------- •.------.-- _ . - - - - - - - - . _ . - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - -------TOTAL INCOME (7) 921. 4 '31 939. e1. "!'lB.!!IB 3":54.Err "~B. Be 1.4':5B.ee 9 31 3. 7 1
EXPENOITURES- - - - _ . _ - - - - _ . _ - , _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - ------- - _ . _ ' - - - - - ------- _ . - - - - - - - ~-,--------------GP'oCERV (11) 1.10. : ;s 112. 71 114. 00 :1.14.:58 114. e." 114.00 111. 6"
UTILITIES (1.e) 170. 00 1 71 3. ee 1:r .5.l'!0 1...0. 138 :1.2:5.0 1:1.0.00 9:5.0et
CAR P'''MT ~ TRA'~S (13) 68. (!Ie 68. 80 68. 80 6S. 00 69. 00 68. 00 68. l"0
HOUSE PVMT
"MAIln (14) 21:5. £Ie 21:5. 00 21~. Be 21:5. 0e 2:1.~.0l'! 21:5. Be 21!3. £10
INSlIRAr<lCE (1:5) 62. ~0 62. :5l'! 62. 50 62. :5e 62. ~0 62. :10 62. :50
SAVINGS (16) 46. 07 46. 96 47. 50 "7. 74 47.':50 47. :Ie "6. :14
CLOTHING (:1.7) 20. 00 20. £1 8 es. e1 3 20. e0 ee . 00 20 ee 20. 00
MEDICAL (:19) 2':5.00 2':5.08 2':5.10 2S. 130 2:1. 1'0 2:5.00 25. 0l"RECREATION (19) 92 ..1:5 93. 92 9':5.0 9' :5 .43 9':5.0 587. :50 93. 07
CONTR.IB t. G.IFTS (20) 9Z. 15 93. 92 9 : 5 . 08 .,: ;.49 9':5. 0l'! 21 7. ': 58 '!!3.7
MISC. (2:1.) 20. 0e 221.00 2e. e0 20. 1 !10 20. "8 :50. 00 20. 0B
- - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - -------- - - - - _ . _ - - _ - - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - - _ . _ -------- _ . _ - - - - -TOTAL EXPENDITUP.ES (23) 921. 4'!S 928.01. 91.7. 138 903. e0 987. 00 1 4 "3 7. 0 13 849. 86
P ER CE N T A GE /. Ir .c or 1 E (24) 1e0. 0Y. 98. sx 96. :5y. "4. 7Y. "3. 4? ";19.7- 9:1. 3,-:
UNBUDGETED MONE'" (2':5) 0.l'!4 :1:1..0 33. e0 :51.87 63. e0 13. 013 80. 8: 1
:1.2/31/73PRGE 2:
AUG/8e SEP ....0 OCT'-Be I~OV/80 DEc....1 'I ANI~UALBlIDGET : 1' :1' 8B
I'''COME
SALAP.V
sonus- - - - - . - - - - -----.--- - - - - - - - - - - ----,--,---- - - - - _ . _ - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - - -9:53. 6O "&7. 18 ')42. 26 983:64 '31':17.7 ::1.14 40.:13
0. 8e 0. 8B e. 00 0.ee ~l'Ie. 80 1B0B. 0e_ . _ - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - . _ _ . _ - - - - - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - - - ------.---- - - - - - - - - - -
)~3. £I e 967. :I.e "42. z e o 9ft3. 64 1""7. 77 ::I.Z4"0.13OTRL :INCOtlE (7)
EXPEnDITUp.ES
- - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - . - - . - - - - - - - -----.----.- - - - - - - - . _ - - - - - - - - - _ . - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - -GROCERY <:LV 1.14.36 1.16. 96 :1.13.£17 1.18. ( 114 1.99. : ;~ 1 4: ;2. 6 4UTILITIES (12) 9:5.(110 1.1.0.0et 12~. 08 140. 80 1~~, eel 1':530.Ell'!C A R P'''MT t, TRfms (13) 68. Be 68. 00 60S.00 66. e0 68. Be 8:1.6.00HOUSE P'T'tlT (, t1fUNT (14) 21.:): .Ie 215. B0 21!5. 00 2:1~. O l!l 21:5, 0 0 2 52 :0 . e0INSURRNCE (;1:;) 62. !50 6 2. ~1'I 62. ! Ie 62. :5e 6 2. ' :5 (' 1 750. £10SAVINGS (:1.6) 47. 6!5 48. 36 4 7. : 1.: :1 . 49.18 4~. 89 : 5 72 . 0 1CLOTH.ING (1.7) 28. e8 20. 00 2£1.Ol'! 2B. ee 1 2: ; . ee 3 4: 5 . 0 0MEDICRL (:L6) 2':5. '!0 2:5. ee 25. 00 2:5. ell!! 2'S. 08 3l'10.00P.ECRERTION (19) "',.30 96. 72 " ...23 ge. 36 H9.78 1606. :51CONTP.IB ' " GIFTS (2£1)
"'. 38 "6. 72 94. 23 98. 36 374. 44 i.:541..1.8MISC. (21) 2e.00 20. ee 20. e0 20. !!Ie 70. ee 328. e8-- - _ ----------------,--,_-- - - - - - - - - - - . . . ._ - _ _ . _ - - --------- --.------ ----.--- . . . . -- ------.-.---T OT AL EXPENDIT URES (23) 9'9. 11 878. 36 eEl'4.14 9i.4 ...:; :14':14.1.6 uan. 3..PEp.CErHRGE/INCOME (24) 9£1. 0~ 90. 8? 93. e~ '93. I!I:-: "9. S? :1 .14 :1 ..:- :UNBUDGETED MONE'~ (20) ~4. 89 88. 82 :lB.1.2 6 9. : I.~ 3. 6 :1 566. 79
After reviewing the results of the model, the user canchange any or all of these values. Immediately reo
execute the model and instantly obtain new results. Thisprocess can be repeated as many times as needed.This
feature is what makes Planner so astoundi.ng! It allowsthe user to actually see what future benefits or losseswhich could occur under the given set of circumstances.
Many business administrators spend much timeforecasting the likely effects of business transactions
for a distinct period of time. Planner provides the essen-tials to perform such forecasting along with profit and
loss projections, budgets, make/buy deciSion analyses,cost extimating, etc. Planner uses are limited solely tothe imagination of the user.
OHIO SCIENTIFIC 133 Chillicothe Road. (216)831·5600
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 48/85
Progressiveomputing
• ·SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER··Programmable Characler Generator Board . $89.95You can use OSI's characters or you can make your own.Imagine you can now do true high resolutl:on graphics 512 x256 individual dots in the 64x.32 screen format. And aliunder your control!
Other mods available - send' for catalog.
SOFTWARE (with Documentation)PCCHess V1.9 $19.95
Play Chess against your computer!Helicopter PUot:(64CHR Video Only) $8.95
An Excellent Graphlcs Program!Golf Challenger $14.95From 1 104 players. Playa round of goll on your 18 hole golfcou rss, One of the best programs I have seen! You can evendesign your own course. Comes with full documentation (14pages).
Two Very Intricate Simulations IWild Weasel Ii: You operate a Sam Missile base during aNuclear War. Not as easy as you think! You must operate ina three dimensional environmentFailsafe II:The shoe is on the other foot! Here you are in theallacking bomber and you must penetrate deep Into enemyterritory. Can you survive? An extremely complex electronicwarfare sImulatIon! SPEC!AL, both for $19.95
Hardware: CfP Video Mod: Makes your 600 Video every bitas good as the 4P and 8P, Gives 32164CHAILIne with guard·bands 1 and 2 Mhz, CPU clock with 300,.600 and 1200 baudfor Serial Port. Complete Plans $19,95
KIT(Hardware and Software) $39,95Installed:32CHA - $79,95, 64CHR - $84.95Extra K of Video RAM lor 64CHA. not Included!
C1P Sound Elleets Board: Completely programmable! Forthe discriminating hobbiest, the best board on the marketfor creating sound and music. Can be Interrupt driven sothat you can use It lor gaming purposes, Has on boardaudio amp, 16bit interval timer, 126 Bytes of RAM and two 8bit par.allelllO ports, Assembled and tested $89,95
'Bare Board $39.95 - both include Prog. Manual and Sam·ple Software,
C1P HI Speed Cassette KIt: Gives a reliable 300,600, and1200 BaUd, No symmetry adjustments - the ideal fix forOSI's cassette interface, Easily implemented in 30minutes,Will save you time and money even the first night you useit! $1.2.95
Many, Many more. Send lor Catalog with free program(Hard Copy) and BASIC Memory Map. $1,00. Two Locationsto serve you:
3336 Avondale court, Windsor, OntarioCanada N9E 1X6(519) 969-2500
or3281 Countryside Circle, Pontiac TWP, MI 49057
(313)373-0468
American Data, Inc.The world's largest distributor of
Ohio Scientific, Inc. Microcomputer Systems
ANNOUNCES
That OSI has appointed American Data as the exclusive
distributor of Ohio Scientific products for Europe including the
United Kingdo.m, Benelux, France, West Germany, Austria,Switzerland, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Turkey,and Iceland.
Dealer inquiries invited. Contact BarbaraHall, 352~23~172,
Luxembourg or David O'Brien, American Data (301) 840-9540Telex 64405 (USA).
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 49/85
Paged Printer Output for the A'PPLE
Improve the tormat of your printed output by adding a
page mode to your system.
If you have ever sent output to aprinter you have probably become
very annoyed when the output con-tinued from the the very end of onepage and then on to the next.Wouldn't it be nice if the printerwould automatically scroll to thetop of a new page when it got nearthe bottom of the previous one? Ofcourse it would, and the PAGERprogram will do it for you. PAGERwill count the number of line feedsthat are sent byAPPLEto the printerand when this total reaches 54,twelve blank lines will be generatedto automatically bring you to the topof the next eleven-inch page.
PAGER can be used from within aprogram or from immediate-execution mode. It is extremelyuseful for LiSTing long programspage by page.
PAGER, the source listing ofwhich appears below, has beenwrlt-ten for use with a serial printer thatis connected to the APPLEserial in-terface card. If PAGERis to be usedInconjunction with a paralle! printerconnected to the APPLE parallel in-terface card, two bytes of theroutine must first be changed. Tomake these changes, load PAGER,and then enter the following twocommands from BASIC:
POKE785,2POKE'812,2
The modified program should thenbe saved.
In order to change the number oflines that are printed before PAGERcauses the paper to scroll to the top
October 1980
of the next page, enter the com-mand POKE 798,LP from BASIC,
where LP is the required number oflines per page.
In order to change page length,enter POKE 804,PL from BASIC,where PL is six times the length ofthe page (in inches). For example,for an eleven inch page, PL = 66.Note that PL must be greater thanLP.
Output to the printer can bestopped after each page is printedby entering a POKE822,1commandbefore .actlvatlnq PAGER. To pro-
ceed after a page has been printed,simply press any key on thekeyboard. This 'page pause' featuremust be used when the user isfeeding each piece of paper to theprinter manually. To turn off the'page pause', enter a POKE 822,0command.
Instructions for Use Withina Program
The following sequenceshould beused to turn the printer on and offfrom within a BASICprogram:
5 0$ =:CHR$(4)10 PRINTO$;"PR#1"20 LW=132: REM LINEWIDTH30 PRINTCHR$(9);LW;"N" : PRINTCHR$(9);"K"40 CALL 768 : REM TURN ONPAGER
. (GenerateOutput)
50 PRINT D$;"PR#O" 0 REMTURNPRINTEROFF
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
G-ary little#101·2044West Third Ave.Vancouver, B.C. V6J 115
If DOS is not being used, changeline 10 to PR#1and line 50 to PR#O
and delete line 5. If a serial printer isbeing used, delete lines 10,20, and30.
Instructions for UseOutside a Program
If a serial printer Is involved,PAGERcan be activated by a CALL768 from BASIC. It can be deac-tivated by a PR#O. If a parallelprinter is involved, PAqERcan beac-tivated by performing the followingfour steps:
1. Enter PR#12. Enter CTRL-I132N(132or otherline width).
3. Enter CTRL-IK4. Enter CALL 768
It can be deactivated by a PR#O.
AdditioAal Notes:
1. Remember to set the DIPswitches on the serial printer inter-face card for the appropriate baudrate and line width before activatingPAGER.
2. Remember to adjust the paper inthe printer so that the tirst lineprinted will be at the desiredstarting position before activatingPAGER.
3.Makesure that a PRINTedlinewillnot exceed the line width which hasbeen set for the printer. If it does,then the overflow will appear on thenext line and this line will not betaken into account by PAGER.
29:47
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 50/85
2
1
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
I I12
!3
14[ 5
16
17
18[9
202 I22
23
2.25
2627
28
29}O
Jl
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4 041
42
4 34 .I; 5
46
47
0300, h9 or < \8
0302: 35 3~ 09
0104: h9 O J 50
0306, 85 37 510]08: ,\9 DO 52
DJ(lh: R · : - 06 53( )lOC : 4 C F.h OJ 5t,
O]()F: tiS 55
OliO: 20 o o CI 56
0 :1 I ) : 61) 57
. '3 I ', : C9 "I) ',9
~J 16: ~o 01 6 U0318: hO 61
\lJ 19: I; ~ 06 62
OJIS: ,\ S 06 63
e\) I D: C9 36 6~
OJIF: I}O n 65
03 ~ 1 , .>\5 0 ( > 66
OJ23: C 9 1,2 G70325: fO 0,\ G8
0327: \:6 06 6~
03l9: A9 SA 70
OJ2B: 2~ DO C I 7 I
l'32E: 38 12O.lU: 60 F O 7J
01J I : A9 00 7 .OJD: 85 06 75
0)35: 1\ 9 00 76
0337 : FO 01 > 77
0339: 2C 00 CO 78
ODe: 10' F U 79
onE: 2C 10 c o 80
0'341 : 60 81
- - - EN D A SSEM HLY
T OT AL ERRORS: 0
**.***~** ••~*.******~~*~***~*~**
*
• ~y G AR Y L( ' r TLF .* flIOI-20/,4 !lEST TJlli(D AI ' I - ;NU~
". VANCOUVEIl II.C. "V6J lL5
* INSTRUCTIONS :
** pas 1. T IO N T il E PA P F.R [ 1 < / YOUR
* l 'RINTEK AND TllEIl CA r.t, 76~
* fRO" BASIC TO AeT[VAtE* TH IS ROUT INE , TO D~ACTIVATg,
* ~NtER A PR.~O.
*• PACE P AUSE f~AtURE:
* POK f: 822. 0 TO T U RN or F* POKE 822,1 TO TURN ON
** L IN E S PRINTEO PER PACE:
* POKE 798,LP
** P AGE LENGTH:
* POKE BO.,PL
** DESCRl P '1 '1 O N:
** T U! S , R ou n 1 ' 1 £ WI LL S8ND •PL - LP ,
* BLANK LINES TO TH E PRINTER
* AfTER 'LP' LI~ES HAVE BE~N
• SENT BY THE USER.
** D,E F A UL 1'S :
* LP = 51 ,
* PL· 1& ( 1\ " PA PE R)* PAGE PAUSE or r
**************************~**'**COUNT
CS WLDO S
KIW
S1'Rnf'RINT
EQ U ~6 L IN ~ COU NT ST OR AG E
EQ U $3 6 o ur ru r HOOK
EQU SH I I DOS I/O UPUIlTE Il00K
~QU $COOO K~Y~OARO
KQU SCOIO K I;;~BOA ftO STROBEEQU $el00 !'RU 1 SERtAl. OUTPUT
ORe $300L1)1\ U(S ' I "ART SET OUTPUT !lOOK
ST I I csvi, T O START Of uour iNE.
L.I) II ~>STA!(T
S'I'A CSWL+I
1,I}A O~OO Z"I!O TII~: I.l NE CO UNn: n,
ST I I COUNTJM P n o s ! ; l V ~ Il,:11 11001( 10 IlOS.
r'llil iROUT I,N I~ STA I ( T : ; !I~I{f: •
JSR ~RINT SI ;NU C!lARIICT'iK TO PR INH :H .
I'LA
Cr~P ~SHD C.~ ]{R! 1\[ :< : Rn'UlI.N:
I" : 'I liNE ~nANC II -I F LT L~ •
s r sINC COUNT I N C R E N f.t; T 1.1NI: C O U N T .l.nA C,JUt;T
C~I~ ·n6 L TN f: COLINT ~ 5. 1+ '1
n ~ F . ~i.:~T 1 F NOT, THEN 111·:1'II'IW.
],1),\ C~U~T
G N P Q$U I'AGE LF,NGTII :-H;T?
B F . Q LOO~HC C(lU~T I~C~H!f .NT THt: C(lU"~H R
tUh 1'$8A LOAD A LINE "·F.l~n
JSI\ PRINT AN D S~N[) IT TO TII~ PR I NTF.R
51·:C
BCS BLANK
1.1)1\ I '~00 ~ E R O TH E COUNl'£H.5TA COLINT
LDA f.SOO C I IANGE TO LIM f~OI t oBI;;Q DOt:R C E T ' P AGE ~~us I~ ••
BIT KB~ WAlT F O R n:HR1':S S
~P L AGAIN B~FOIH. CO~ ITL~UI NG.
~1T ,TRB eLf.,\R KE Y~O I\RD STK05[.
RTS
SHRt
I,TXT
\.INE
LOOP
A G i \ I ~
OON~
6 6 B Y TeS G E~EK A r ~D T HI S A SSEM B LY
M R . R A IN B OWannounces . ..our all new 1980catalog and promptsyou to peek at thelatest COllection ofsoftw·are :md
hardware productsfor your APPLEII'"
Write ar call todaylor vcur free 1980catalog.
careen P l'm 'SJ lopp ln tJ ceres r
'9i'1g~EIOU1e\I'J{(J
I " roIt tu1c fge. Ca! l fOrnla, 91314 ~5!I 3 4 9 - S 5 E i O ceoe. ' 9 M 1
A.TltAAIAby MARC GOODMAN
A REAL TIME HI-RESOLUTIONGRAPHICS GAME WITH SUPERSOUN.O EFFECTS. THREE
01 FFE RENT SKILL LEVE LS·NOVICE, AVERAGE ("Arcade"difficulty'" and EXPERT WHER'EASTEROIDS ARE ACTUALL YATTRACTEQ TO YOUR SHIP!
AaT&AAIA
IS NOW AVAILABLEIN 16K TAPE ($14.95)
OR 32K DISK ($19.95)FROM YOUR LOCACOMPUTER STORE
OR SEND TO:
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 51/85
Number 3
"R eadings in L itera ture"
1. Microcomputers which can use product: Apple II or Apple 11+.2. System hardware requirements: Disk" and at least 32K of memory.3. System software requirements: No special requirements.4. Product f.atur.s: The program is designed to assist In the study and memorizing of 27 wall-
known pieces of literature including prose, poems and songs. Such diverse Items as "The 23rd Psalm,"''The Bill of Rights," "Casey at the Bat," and several Shakespearean Items are included. Graphics are usedto excellent advantage to keep the various readings interesting and a "Hangman" type of "guess theword" system is used to assist In memorizing when necessary.5. Product performance: Performance is very good and the product represents a novel approach to
learning.6. Product quality: The program seems very well written and no problems were encountered during
extensive testing.7. Product limitations: There are no unusual product limitations.8. Product documentation: Very little written documentation is furnished; however, none is really reo
quired as the Introductory Instructions on the disk are very thorough.9. Special us.r requirements: There are no special user requirements.10. Price/Feature/Quality evaluation: The price of $24.95 seems reasonable In relation to the amountof programming Involved and the overall high quality of the product.11. Additional comments: It should be noted that the disk Is "locked" to prevent unauthorized copiesand thus backup copies cannot be made. However, the manufacturer does offer to replace any diskwhich becomes damaged for a $10.00 charge.12. Revlew.r: John B. Shanes Jr., P.O. Box 68, Mechanicsville, VA 23111. Manufactured by GeorgeEarl.
, ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '
Management Planning & Decision Making••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
( F O R 3 2 K m 4 8 K A P P L E I I W IT H A P P L E S O F T B A S I C I N R C J - 1 )
QuikDirt1 : 1 : P I{ ) IlJ C T I ~ S O i E I l J U N G " * I N V E N T O R Y C C N T R O L * C A P IT A L B U f f iE T IN G
1 : 1 : D I S T R I B u r I ~ P ~ N I N G
c r n G R A T U L A T I ( }j S • • •
Y C l J R J \ P P L E I I a w u r E R H A S J U S T B E E N P R C M J T E D I N T O " M I D D L E M m A G E J ' t i I T " !
SE E YO UR LO CAL CQ\1P UTE R S TO RE O R C ON TA CT:
••••.. .. .. .. ..••.•••... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .•••••.••••.•.••••••.• \J\Jym on ossoc cre s
* SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE: $120421 SEV ILLE WAYSA N M ATEO CA94402
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 52/85
BOX 120ALLAMUCHY, NJ 07820201-362-6574
inc .
HUDSON DIGITAL ELECTRONICS INC.
ANNOUNCING:
'AI·O'The Advanced Interactive
Di,sassemblerdesigned by
p
C ProgressiveComputer Softwares
TheAdvanced Interactive Disassembler (AID)
is the latest in a series of·comprehensive
HOEdisk-based software development tools
for KIM, TIM, SYM and AIMmicrocomputers.
AID isa resident, two passdisassembler that
creates a TED compatible source file and
assigns labels to all address references.
Addresses external to the object file limits
are defined as equates in the source.
AID BUILDS SOURCE FILES FORALL YOUR OBJECT PROGRAMS
AID will save interim files to disk thereby
facilitating the creation of source tiles of vir-
tually any object program limited only by the
size of the program, the symbol table andthe
user defined source file buffer.
AID is available from HDE or the following
dealers for $95.00.
Progressive Computer fiilltware
405 Corbin Road
York. PA 17403
(117) 845-4954
.Johnson Computers
Box 523
Medina. Ohio 44256
1216) 125·4580
Falk·Baker AMociates
362 Franklin Avenue
Nutley. NJ 07110
(201) 681 ·2430
Perry Penpherars
P.O. Bo)( 924
Miller Place, NY 11764
(516) 744-6462
Lux Assoclates
20 Sunland Olive
Chico, CA 95926
(916) 343·5033
A·B Computers
, 15·8 E" Stump Road
Montgomeryville. PA 18936
(215) 699·5826
-************************ K A S T ** I I Y I ** M M M M *
***************
**END FRUSTRA TION!!FROM CASSETTE FAILURES
PERRY PERIPHERALS HAS
THE HOE SOLUTION
* OMNIDISK SYSTEMS (5" and 8")
* ACCLAIMED HOE SOFTWARE• Assembler, Dynamic Debugging Tool.
* Text Output Processor, Comprehensive
* Memory Test
** • Coming Soon-HOE BASIC* PERRY PERIPHERALS S-100 PACKAGE* Adds Omnidisk (5") to
* Your KIM/S-100 System* . Construction Manual-No Parts* . FODS &: TED Diskette* . $20. +$2. postage &: handling. (NY residents* add 7% tax] (specify for 1 or 2 drive system)
**
**
*******
******
Place your order with:PERRY PERIPHERALS
P.O. Box 924
Miller Place. N.Y.11764
(516.)744-6462
* Your Full-line HOE Distributor/E}lporter **·********_******t********
[ R a J O © O O @ © [ l : { ] ~®®
for the AIM
AIMMIcroChH. wtth PI.yer' •• nd Programmer' .........complet. Source LIsU., Object on ca...n. T....
$15.00 pt... ahlpptngl$1.oo USI$2.oo An,at.. EIMIMICRO SotbJ.... P.O. Box 1502, ~ 1M MDt
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 53/85
Biorhythm: An AIM BASICProgramming Excercise
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Whether or not you believe in biorhythm theory, the pro-
grams presented here make an interesting demonstra·
tion and provide some useful techniques for using the
AIM and its printer.~~~~~~~~"" . . .~~~~ . . .~~
The natural, regularly repeatingrhythms of our world continually af-fect our daily lives. The sun andmoon appear and disappear, thetides rise and fall and the seasonschange. In all life, regular cycles areseen. Early in this century variousresearchers found evidencesupporting the cyclic nature ofhuman behavior. Through the yearsa body of "biorhythm" theory has
evolved.
Physical, emotional and lntellec-tual biorythm cycles begin at birthand continue throughout life. Therhythm of physical capacity covers23 days, high during the first half ofthe cycle and low during the second.The first 14 days of the 28 day erno-tlona! or sensitivity cycle reflectcheerfulness and optimism follow-ed by and emotionally negativeperiod. Similarly, the cycle of ln-tellectual capacity covers 33 day-soIn the positive half cycle, individualsare more mentally alert andcapable. While in the latter half,thinking capacity Is reduced andconcentration is more difficult.
The day when the cycle changesfrom low to high or from high to lowis a critical day. Accident studieshave shown that a high percentageof accidents occur on critical days.On those days when more than onecycle crosses the baseline, a personis likely to be especially accident
prone.
.October 1980
A biorhythm chart for a personborn April 1, 1980 is shown In figure1. Days when the curve is to theright of center are high and those tothe left are low. Physical, emotionaland intellectual cycles are labeled"P", "E", and "I" respectively.Critical days, zero crossings, arelabeled "C". The program describedin this article will provide a calendarand biorythm chart for the month
you select.
Whether or not such cycles arereally accurate, developing a routineto determine and plot them is an t n -terestlng AIM BASIC programmingexercise. I was encouraged to dosuch an exercise when Mel Evans'Perpetual Calendar (MICRO April1980,23:27) proved such a hit withmy family.
To chart the cycles, the time be-tween birth and chart date is need-ed. A BASIC program to do thls ap-peared in BYTE ("Day of The Weekand Elapsed Time Programs", W. B.Agocs, September, 1979, p. 126).This program readily translated intoAIM BASIC, but its 12 x 31 matrixoccupied too much memory. Fur-ther, it produced an incorrect result,365 or 366 days too large, whencomputing for dates in adjacentyears.
It was possible to uesmost of thisprogram by substituting some slrn-pie arithmetic for the matrix. The er-
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
P.E. Burcher7012 Stone Mill PlaceAlexandria, VA 22306
ror for adjacent years developedfrom the way the number of dayswas computed. For years betweenbirth and chart year,365 or 366 dayswere added to the sum of days in aloop which checked for leap yearFor adjacent years event thoughthere are no intervening years, theloop cycled once, at least In AIMBASIC,adding anextra year's days.Inthe program presented in this arti-
cle, the difficulty is corrected (instep 401) by zeroing the extra days.The algorithm used in place of thematrix to find days in a year to a cer-tain date is shown below.
Let: M = Month (a number 1 to 12D = Day of month (1 to 31)S = Sum of daysMC = Correction to numberof days for months of lessthan 31
Then: S = 0 +31*(M-1)·MC
In the program the correction isstored in string variable, M$
= "003344555667". The correctionfor the month is selected by readingthe digit corresponding to themonth, 0 tor January and February3 for March and April, etc. For leapyears, an additional day is added fomonths after February. The calculations are:
MC = VAL (MIO$(M$,M, 1 »
If M > 2 then S = S + L
Note: L = 1 leap yearL = 0 otherwise
29:51
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 54/85
R U r - J
* * * B I O R Y T H M C H A R T * * *
* * * B I O R Y T H M C H A R T ~ * *
F O R : M I C R O B I O R H Y T H M
HFr-~lL.: 1
1 2 4b 8 9 10 ~~ 12
lJ 1 4 !~Ib 1 7 1 8 1~
2 ? L- ._ 2 9 J~0
I1 i r ,-,L!
n 1 . t~n----~-----l-----~---
, .• i_••
_ ' ." 1" ' •. . . . . . . . '
- ---· ~:.. 1 i:.F.
· 4, ..c :'-'. I E P.
. . . 1 : + :
. . . p : + :
3 .. r. 'T"
F _ E I
. :l2P. . E. 1.. _ , P C . . E , , I . .
P. , 14, c. '.... F, . ~ .. C , . . I ,
,.r- ,- -., ~ r
• 1 ::..L c~, 1.,
p, . , . E.. 171.J ~-.
1_, .
!-', C. , . I, 19, .- - -. + - : ; " I-. . , . : . . . . : : : . ~.:.~..
. E . PI., _ .21,
E I, , . ,
IE~,~.,. C.I. c... , . 25. P'7 r '-1-
1. , .c .... .::~~..
I, ... E . 2 7 .. p, .
. 1 ...., . . . .. r.
r-· .. ;-,..
· . J : (1 , E. ~ , 4 • • p
F O R B I R T H A P R . 1 . 1 9 8 0
You might want to check thecalculation. Simply add the follow-Ing:
5
Once the number of days hasbeen computed, starting values forthe biorythm sine functions aredetermined by subtracting the In-teger number of periods since birth.A natural temptation here Is to com-pute and save all the btorythrn curvevalues in a matrix for later plotting.Again the limited memory dictatescomputing, formatting and printingeach day's values in sequence.
The routine to plot the cyclevalues assembles a twenty elementprinter line in a string statement,one element at a time. In this case,space eleven was chosen as thecenter oftha plot and elne valuesallowed to vary nine spaces right orleft. Sine values are sorted afterconverting to strings and adding aplotting symbol (P, E, or I).Two sym-bols in the same slot are plotted asan asterisk. Date is plotted In thecenter except at zero crossingwhere "C" (for critical) is plotted.
The program presented here isnot as neat and pretty as it might be.Instructions for input data format,which reasonably should be includ-ed, have been omitted to savememory space. Where posstbte,"pirated programs" have been leftintact. Some effort has been madeto conserve memory space by reus-ing variables and using multiplestatements on a line.
The program will run with printcontrol "OFF", so that only the out-put information is printed. The pro-gram listing has a number of REM
statements for clarity. These shouldbe omitted when entering the pro-gram, as there is insufficientmemory.
A sample Biorhythm produced bythe program Is shown in figure 2.
For anyone desiring further Inter-mation on Biorhythms. The follow-ing publications provide a goodstart.
1. Biorhythm: A Personal Science,Bernard Gittelson, ArcoPublishing Company, 2nd Ed
1976
F O R : D A V I D 8 U R C H E R
~ I "• _.;_ - ,t s · _ . 1969
:l~14 15 16 i7 18 .<r 1;
~: 21 __ 23 24 25 2b
I!:T ~-. i j-
fiiUr1
- ~ - - - - - - - - 1 - ~ - - - - - - ~, c . . 1. r~
• F" •••
,.: ..
r-
· ' _ ' , .
.. I.
T.•• J., . 5 . .... E ..
PI.
1 . i ••• ,
I. ~:~.. c-. . ;_
1 . . . . . . :
· C ., • ,
lei. I , . .. ~11. 1. •
1:::.. . . 1 .......
. P . . - i - -: : ' _ ". . . . . _ .. , , .
~114...E , .
L .•
, . . C : . E . . 2.
1 ~
, .•. , i__
El? p .. -- . -.~,.1~:;...
,.1~~... :+ :
. , c. .. 20....21.... I, P
.. 22 .. I. P
. c. , , :::, . , }. . _ . 24 I. . P ..
, t., . ::::~1., . . .
. , , 1:.,1" =-:;:""r
i i_ -r .
r-• 1_+. _ ••• ,
F I G U R E 2. B I O R H Y T H MC H A R T P R I N T E D B Y T H EPROG~~~ ~u~ A U T H O R J S
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 55/85
2. Biorhythm Sports Forecasting,Bernard Gitteison, AreaPublishing Company, 1977
3. Is This Your Day?, GeorgeThommen, Crown Publishers,Inc., Rev Ed 1973
1 REM BIORHYTHM WITH CALEN·DAR5 REM USER DATE INPUTS
.1Ei L$::; .:--------;-.--;---
-- ..... ,.- .,-n/',,!"~'!I_; rl~.~y ; : : : ' :
.._ ..- -lr ......
1"~'::' /', i 1.
__
- _ .
~ ~' I FY 2! 4- IN T( Y2! 4
---- ,--~I I' I I ,,. I .. I.-,,! I I] 1" " 1o1 J -r
• ....!" "_" ~ .._. I -_ -_
,";;.,11!i...._ .
90 REM COMPUTE DAYS BETWEEN 440 REM DAYS IN YEAR TO DATEOATES .INSAME YEAR SUBROUTINE
L,=:i : GDSUB45~jS1=5.... - - . ---",_,Pl=Pl:::: : D=1. : fjU~UD4
1 80 S 3= 5- 51 :G OT 05 80
Note: To conserve memory space,no input instructions have been cod-ed. Names should be 15 digits orless. Dates are input:
Month· 2 digitsDate·.2 digitsYear· 4 digits
200 REM COMPUTE DAYSBETWEEN D.ATES
October 1980
. : r - ~ - . . . :
jQQ IFM)2THENS=S+L
500 REM USING ZELLERSCONGRUENCE510 REM CALCULATE THESTARTING DAYS OF WeEK BIRTHDATE FIRST
;::~;,":"J_-~.. - " : . . . . . ~------'I! ! ;; ".,"
'....JU j u,' : : . : . ! . _ ~
6.7~~1~ I-I ;-_
c ; c : ! - . : . r
~(j~-
71 1 D= ! N T ( 2_ 6 ~ M - . 1)+D+YZ+INT<YZ!4+.1)
71 5 D= D+ IN T( C/ 4+ _ 1)MIC.RO~~The 8502Journal
725 REM READ DAY AND MONTH
WORDS730 F ORI = 1T OD.RE ADA
, .. --.~-1"" I II" I' ',.'! •"7'10 !~ ~ ,._ ~ !
. l" ! J J I !"
731 RE ST ORE_F ORI =! TOM1+7:READMN$:NEXTI:
I F :; : : : ( ~ T H E f · J . A 1 $ = ~ R $
825 REM COMPUTE NO. OF DAYSIN CHART MONTH
- - ---.~~.;;_ ~ - I i I ~." ! ~..:. ."1
;1" _;0-. _.-..". J ,,- :L...!.; -_. ...... '_'_' ...J ...~ ' o.o...' '
900 REM PRINT HEADER ANDCALENDAR
q .:i L :; P ~I T r J T j[ ii~ I '~ • t', .... !.,]
-- _ . _ . , _ , - _ , .Fr:~,lN! :.DJ.$--_ .._ .. , .. _--
! I J [ II I I I E ~ !!~. ~~ ! •
r - r : . .i r~~. L;;:;:'.; iUr-: ..
F~S :TNT! TAB < 20) _:
- -.~81:$: ,: TAE :(2Ci
-~- ..". ,,_,--
~ H D P 1 N s - : r '~ ! : : .: .: ; 1.--. ,~~ _ .
....I... ',,, r.1 _11"I ;"J -, ! i; -._J 1. .. L .. .. _ ._ . ....I ., :_' _" ; .' ~
1033 SP=INT«20-LEN........ , ._ ~_~ e I.,.,.. ~ " r ..! ~!! ' .. .. ! ~ _ r ~ _. _. I
-, 'L :I'I~ ," . : !", "
1 03d PRINT!RIGHT$(S
2&:53
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 56/85
1 036 F$=ii' n : D1=D-_ 5
F O F .: I =f T O ?
:1 £ 1 3 : E :_o i r-oIi-::' '-I..L t,:! .s»
[JT=I -[)+1
!F I {[:liTHENF$=F$+"
1 04 0 I F I)DI TH EN F S= F
$+ ii j~
+C:H~~$4E:+DT)1 04 1 I FI (6 .5T HEN FS=F$+ii ii
1~3421043: F'RINT~F$
1644 Et~=0_ , ....I .... _ u.,r.;o-
1046 FO~~I=:i.T07
D+,5THENEN=1:GOT0105
1 04 8 Dl =I N T( DT /1 0+ .
1 04 9 I FD1 {. 5T HEN F$ =t_.;. J n ii
r.;:·"'t""
1 05 0 I F D1 ),5T HEN F $=F $ + CHR$ < 48+Di)1 051 F $= F$ +C HR$ (4 8+(2)
1 052 I F I{6 .5T HEN F $=F!+!! ji
1 05 3 N EXT I :PRI NT ' FS1 054 I FEN {. 5T HEN 1045j_~J55 PF~INT~L$
T
"H I G H H _ ~ H _
---~- 11
1060 REM COMPUTE NO. OF DAYSSINCE LAST FULL CYCLE
l~bl P=S3-INT(S1/23
1 06 2 E= S3- I NT ( S1 / 28)*281 06 3 C =S3- IN T( S1 11 3
1064 REM PLOnlNG LOOP COM·PUTE P / E J I VALUES
1 06 6 PP= 11 +I NT (9* (S
1 06 8 C C= 11 +I NT (9* (SIN < R*C!/J:J: ) + _ 05»)
1069 REM CHG TO STRING
1 070 A $( l)= ST R$ ( PP)
1 080 A S( 2)= ST R5 (E E)+IlEH
1 090 A S( 3)= ST R$ (C C )+iiIH
1095 REM SORT, LOW FIRST
: 1 1 : 1 . £ 1 FO~ : I =1. T021 120 I FV AL( A$ (I »{=
VAL(A$(I+1»THENl1701 1 30 T $ =A S( I): AS (I )
=A$(I+l):A$(I+l)=T$:i160
1__
r-.i.,
1 180 I FF =lT HEN 11 001185 REM BUILD PRINT LINE
1 21 0 A (I )= VA L( AS( I)
1 220 I FA (I )= A( I- l)THENFS=LEFTS(FS,LEN(F- - _ . --" -----_--5)-1)+~S:UUIU1~4~1 230 F $ =F $ +LE FT $ (DO
1 24 8 F =20- lEN (F $)1 24 9 I FF )0T HEN F$ =F $+LEFT$(DOT$,: F)1250 l$~M ID$ (F $ J 10,
$ = ST R$ ( J) : G OT 01 2901252IFRIGHT$(IS.l)
= I P r rTHENI$= ' i 'C i~ : LC:=-l---_._--
1 -II r II .... " •• ' 1;;
, D!_! ~ L!":" ~ 0 f o . = . , r
1265_ , _ , _ .._---F}-::lN! : r - : tP = P + i : E = E + i : C : : :
C:+1: 1 2 7 0 f - J E : : - : : T J
1275- - - - - -;; . II II
t :, 1 . .. , ~
1 290 I $= RI GHT $( I$ ,LEN(I$)-l):LC:LEN(IS)
MICRO -- The 8502 Joum.1
1300 REM REPEAT FOR ADDI·TIONAL CHARTS
-2: G OT C;:i26fi1 130 I NPU T " M ORE YIN
I} _;!
t · JD1350 I NPU T "SAME PER
136t], I F I $= if irl iiT HEN , [) l
=DS:RESTORE:~OT0501 37 0 C LEA R: GO T01 01 50 5 DA T AS UN DA Y,M ON
DAY,TUESDAY,WEDNESDAf f
T
1 51 0 DA T AT HU RSDA Y ,F
1 51 5 DA T AJ AN U ARY ,F E
BRUARY.MARCH,APRIL.M
1 52 0 DA T AJ ULY .A U GU S
N O V EM B E R. DE C EM B E R
WHAT FOLLOWS IS A RUN FORFRAN TARKENTON TO SHOW THERESULT WITH THE "DAYSBETWEEN PRINT" ADDED. NOTE80 BYTE FREE AFTER RUNNING.
F:UN
B I RTH DAT E MiD/Y ? 2
CHRRT DATE M / Y ? 1
THERE ARE 13:482
r '.lo-,
t 1 1 " " ' -, - - -1 ,_."1,/' 1977'
OctDHr 1180
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 57/85
***BIORYTHM CHART***
FEBRUARY, J . 1940
*** JANUARY 1~(( *~*T
-,4 5- -' 0
.- _'1 j_
.-,: 1 4 -- ~ . : . ! ~ . : : . ~ . : : .
i -i
,-,i9 2 f 1~, c ~~
J'-, ~ 6
--.s: ,_ _ t: ~ ._ -- - . : ; _ ,_ .
~-.F
-' = - - . : . ~ -'~
i L"'.r iL~_: ~·4 r----------1---------
.Ii.. ;.-1'_
i. E _ 2 .r,-
. . . . , :-
IE . "_,
IE .p
PC.
i " " r . r . . - - 1 '-1
F " -r- ..i. c: .
. •
1E14p;-,
r
i7. rE.p -"~,
. J . . o, E .. I . E _
; ." ..i = -
I ~ E
.-! ","":.
c, _;-,
-; .cr_, r ••
C. -?"
26 ..• -, " " 7 -,;:.. '~ ,. ., • i......
28. E. :t:
. ,_ " - .
c .. J::iFI. , .
:;
Classified Ads
OSI as 6S-0 UTILITY ,DIsKETTERenumbe[, Dlsassambler, MemoryDump, fmproved CREATE, singletUsk Copy, disk VerUy, etc.Diskette and manual- $30.00, TXadd 5 " t o " Catalog fr~ with SASE.
GASlight Software3820 ByronHouston, TX 77005
SYM-1 books by Robert A. PeckMonitor Theory Manual $8,00.HarciwareTheory Manual $6.00.SYMlKIM Appendix to ,First Bookof KIM $4 .25 . Send SASE fordetails.
DatapathP.O.Box 2231Sunnyvale, CA 94087
_, Programmer Fatigue?SYM·BugfMonex adds 15 c om -mands to SYM's r-ePetolr, in·cludln:g an Interactive tracef·debug ..Cassette @'$200or $3800 ,$15,95.. 2716 (5V) $FOOO-$F7FF,$39.95 ...Commented souree listing
~9.95. Custom assembl),sdd$2,00. SASE fonTior-e Information.J. Holtzman ..
6820 OOlmar:203St. Louis, MO 63130(314) 8Iw.i209
INTEGER' PASCAl. SYSTEMfor the Apple II : Compiler, Inter·prete~, 'and translator· Included for$65 ..00. Produce,s 6502 code pro--grams f0r high speed.48K andDISK required. s en d fo r free lntor-matlon.
M & M Software, Co.3 80 N. ArmandolZ·19
Anaheim, CA 92806
PROM BLUES?1.25K Program. does work for you!Ve~lfy, erase, program, &OpyPROM to RAM, exit. For 80)'6$02 •LoadS at $0200. Listing arrd In·structlons: $9.95. Cassette: $2.00.(ASK family only) Customassembly: $2.00, All flrsf classPPDeont. USA . Fon~lgn add $ 2 .0 0 . .
,Jeff HplfZlTian .6820 Delmar· 2Q3St. Louis, MO 631 30
COnt inued on p eV e 71
PEl MACHINELANGUAGE GUIDE
Comprehensive manua] to aid themachl,ne Ilinguage programmer ..More than 3 0 routlnes fuJly dela!!·ed.. Reader can put to .Immedlateuse. NEW or O.LO ~OMs. $6.95plus $.75 postage and handling.VISA:fMastercharge accepted. .
Abacup SoftwareP.O,Box 721lG~and Rapids, MI 49510
APPLE te l S"'IAPE TABLl: liDITORMakes shape table constructionand editing simple. Eleven editingcommandsanow .the user' tocreate shapes, modify existing.snapes,save and retrieve sha~
t.b_les for use with ,the DRAW,XDRAW, and SHLOAO commandsof APP~I; II BASIC. Runs underfirmware A,ppl'tsoft floating pointBASIC with 32.K RAM. On cassettetape with user's manual. $9.95. Or$1.00 for manual only (refundedwith purchase.
Sm.all System$ 8GftwareP.O. ·Box4(}137WaShington, DC 20016
APPLE GRAPH.lC AID SHEETSLO R I:S 1 ;1 .5 " x 11" 50 sheets $2.00HI RES 22" x 17" 20 sheets $6.00Please add '$1.00shIRplng.
B08fdw.alk Products225 South Western AvenueiMLos Angeles, CA 90004
OSI TREK FANSlDon't jus t WATCH Trek, pt.,AY It,with- VIDEOTREK, the fast actiongraphIcs arcade v~rslon of Btar-Trek. Kllngons, Phasers<,Torpedoes, Blaclt Holes andDoomsday Machlnel 8K $9.95postp_ald.Write for l ist of others.
Bob Retelle2005 Whittaker ;RoadYpSilanti, MI 48197
C1_PfS'up_erboardIntelligent TeJ'mlnalProgram transmits datafrom keyboard Of cassette andstores te&eived data ontocassette; Runs in 4K,selectablepa~lty, Sf",p bits; foU/half duplex.Unique feature.u,ser definablekeyboard configuration. Lets .youlaUor your keyboard. $24.95 forcassette and manual. RequiresRS232 mod,
Charles Sharlsls"9308 Cherry Hi'll Rd.81.2Col.lege Par, MD20740
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 58/85
MICROPROCESSORS INMEDICINE: THE 6502MICRO is pleased to present here the first column ina conttn-
uing series by Jerry W . Froelich, M.D., on the 6502
microprocessor in medicine. The author provides his own in-
troduction.
Soon after the Introduction of commericial computers, the
imaginative physician andengineer prophesied andadvocatedtheextensionof computers into medicine.Theinitial attempts to
bring computers Into the hospital only made it as far as thebusiness office. Oncecomputers becamefully accepted in thebusiness side of the hospital, various clinical applicationswere tried. One, in the clinical laboratory, was to process thevast amount of information generated by laboratory pro-cedures. Another was.10 analyze electrocardiograms (EKGs),which seemed like "simple" Signal analysis. Still another wasmonitoring, where the computer's "watchful eye" records, in-terprets, and reacts to deviances from preset parameters.
These applications met with various problems such as thatof "technology transfer" (theman-machine interface), and sizeand cost limitations. Oneof the initial obstacles to widespreadacceptance of clinical computer technology was the lack ofco IIabora t i on bet ween eng j neers and phys ic lans.
Sophisticated design did not translate, necessarily, Intoclinically practical information.
During the last decade, there has been maturation of ourunderstanding, both of the technology transfer process andofthe technology appropriate for medicine. During that sameperiod, microprocessors became sufficiently economical,powerful, reliable and available to be useful andefficient for abroad rangeof medical applications.
Allow me to Introduce myself. I first learned about corn-puters in the late 60's by programming business applicationsonan IBM 1130,no small feat. The fruits of this labor financedmyundergraduate education. At this time, I becameinterestedin applying computers to the monitoring, modeling, andprediction of shock states in critically ill patients. In medical
school, I began programming rsal-tlrne applications inneurophysiology and nuclear cardiology. Thebulk of this workwas performed on the PDP8, 11,and 12.
During mylast yearof medical school, I spent the summeratthe National Institutes of Health (NIH)as a visiting scientist, tolearn the man y applications of computers to medicine at theInstitutes. During this time, I helped implement real-tlrneanalysis of electrocardiograms in the post-surgical intensivecare unit. It was at NIH that I first became familiar withmicroprocessors in medicine. Scientists there werefabricating "intelligent" monitoring devices such as pre-processors for EKGs,blood pressuremeasurements,and fluidouput:
Currently, I am a clinical fellow at Harvard Medical Schooland work in the Radiology-Nuclear Medicine Division at the
Massachusetts GeneralHospital in Boston. tn our department,we havevarious applications on computers ranging from the
largesl 10 the smallest microprocessors. I myself havea PET
computer, a6800microprocessor system (TVBUG),andaccessto an APPLEsystem.
With this introduction behind us, I would like briefly to coverwhat this column will accomplish. Because MICRO isdedicated to the 6502,I would like to structure the column sothat an overview of a computer application in medicine In-
cludes an in-depthdescription of a specific 6502application. Ihope thai this column can be a forum with reader commentsand suggestions. What I need to know from you the reader ishow much depth is desired, if reviews of current literaturewould be helpful, and how much technical information isdesired. Please w.riteto meat the address below.
The second columnwill discuss the use of microprocessorsIn medical education and will include a description of aspecific system for teaching physicians and technologistsabout nuclear cardiology and nuclear medicine.
Jerry W. Froelich M.D.g Brown Place
Woburn, MA 01801
... belng yl! camp'eat
~'.a.'ogulJ! or p~rtphlCnhiliI'I'allil.ble "!;It YOUr"PET
Skyles Electric Works231 E South Whisman Road
Mountain View. CA 94041
DISCOUNT DA TA PRODUCTS
BASF 5~" DISKETTES:
$34.50 PER BOX OF 10HIGHEST QUALITY DISKETTES AT A
BARGAIN PRICE! LABELS AND WRITE-
PROTECT TABS INCLUDED.
VINYL DISKETTE HOLDERSFOR NOTEBOOKS
THE IDEAL WAY TO STORE DISKETTES. EACH
VINYL PAGE HOLDS TWO DISKETTES AND IN-
CLUDES A POCKET FOR EACH DISKETTE'S LABEL
SAFELY KEEP UP TO 40 DISKETTES IN A SINGLE
1" 3-RING NOTEBOOKt
$4.95/SET OF 10
MARKETING YOUR OWN SOFTWARE?
DDP OFFERS DEALER & SOFTWARE HOUSE
DISCOUNTS ON NOT ONLY THE ABOVE
ITEMS, BUT ALSO THE FOLLOWING
PRODUCTS:9" X 12" ZIP-LOCK BAGS FOR PACKAGING &
DISPLAY OF SOFTWARE.
CORRAGATED MAILERS TO SHIP TO USERS
OR DEALERS!
SEND FOR FREE INFORMA TION AT:
DISCOUNT DATA PRODUCTSP.O. BOX 19674-M
SAN DIEGO. 92119
IADD $1.00 SHIPPING/HANDLING CHARGE TO ALL ORDERS.)
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 59/85
Hexadecimal Printer
This simple program permits the user to specify the
limits within which he wants the APPLE.II disassemblerto operate..
When using the disassembler Inthe Apple II to print out machinelanguage code, one normally typesin the starting address and then anumber of L's. There are two pro-blems with using this method to
print out a machine language pro-gram. The first is that if the machinelanguage program does not happen10 be a multiple of 20 instructions,there is probably going to be a col-lection of unwanted garbage printedat the bottom of the desiredmachine code, The second problemoccurs when the program beingprinted is fairly long, Does one typein 50 or 51 L's to get all of thedesired code? The programpresented here solves both of theseproblems by decoding an outputingthe disassembled machine
language code that lies betweentwo hexidecimal addresses.
After loading the program, usingit is very easy, First, turn on theprinter with a control P and thentype 800G (return). The screen willclear and prompt you with theheader "STARTING ADDRESS".Enter the hexidecimal address ofthe tlrst instruction to be decodedand then hit return. A similar prornp-ting question will be asked for theending address and after enteringthe ending address the program wilt
start outputing the disassembledcode beginning at the startingaddress and continuing until theending address.
The code presented here istransportable in that only twoaddresses (4 bytes) need to bec'hanged to relocate the programanywhere in memory. These loca-tions are the addresses for the datathat prints out the program's twolines of text. Data for this text isstored starting at lines 570 ($868)
October 1980
!A
1 2 1 ( 1 : 1 . 0
013213
(113300 1 2 1 4 0
~j050
(;'('0:'·00070
08130 2058FI': 1 2 1 0 8 1 2 1
080::? R2,30 0139(.1
0805 8D6888 ~j100
(18138 FJ<10e 13:1.:1.0080A '3980 1312'~080C 20EDFD 1 1 1 : 1 . 3 : £ 1
080F E8 0 : 1 . 4 0
1 2 1 ; 3 : 1 . 0 [l(1F3 ( 1 : 1 . 5 0
'::1:;;:12 2£t6FFD 0 : 1 . 6 0
0 8 : 1 . 5 A 000 fH700:31.7 20A7FF 0:180
0au'! 8!;.3E 121:190
1 3 8 : 1 . C 8S3A 0213121
OS:1.£ AS:;:; ::- '32:1.013820 8538 (122~
0822 208EH' 02J~)1 0825 A 2£t 0 121240
8827 8D7N38 (12C~,~j
082A F 008 D260
882( : ( 1 92: 0 ij~~70
0S2E 20EDFD 028£1
883;:1 E8 029~ ? I08n D0FJ , ; ) 3 1 3 0
0 8 3 4 2B6FFD .':1]:1.1313837 A00\~ (f?2G
12183:920A7FF 13:::;:0
083(: A53E 1':13:4(1
082E 85F£ 035k"1
084101 A 53: F 1 013: 6 0084 2 85F F 0 3 7 > !
0'344 208£FD 038f3'J847 2\Cl[:I\,W8 039.;t084 A E6 2F 0 4 ( 1 ( 1
084C i8 04:1.0084D A 53A 04 213<1184F 652F £14313£ 1 - , 1 2 . 5 : 1 8: 53A 134 4 00853 A 538 O~5~;0:35'5 6900 1346(1
',1857 :::.5:~B ~1'+78
€l859 ?8 048'"1 2185A A 53A 0491 01 2185C E5F E 1 21 500085E A538 1 3 5 : 1 . 0
0'8:613 E5FF 0 5 2 £ 1
0 8 6 2 90E: : 0530@864 208EFD £'540.::l86T 208£FD 0550086A 61 3 056,0
.D EC O[ : JE B ET I JE EN A DP
FlNR. DL ~30FEA F ' A 2 [;'L 001ELEr~G DL 002F
FtPPC DL '303Ft
STAR JSR $ F C 5 8l.[ :I ?': . 1 2 1 (.1 k '
D8A2 LDA TIT:L, > (
SEQ 081'i'l
LeRoy MoyerRoute 9, P.O. Box 236Charlottesville, VA 22901
:C LE AR S CR EE N
:OUTPlJf ,F I R ST HEADER LINE
" ST AR T I N G A DD RE SS "
OR A OS0JSP $ F [ " E [ " '
I N X8N E C·SA2
DeRi .ISR $F()6F
LD~' 0')8..ISP$FFA:'
LDA "'FtF'A2
srA '"APFC
LDR; ,4cAPA2+£liST A " 'A PPC +01JSR $ FD8E :PR INT LINE 'EEDLO ;- "; 1 2! 00 :PR INT SECOND HEADER LINE
[HA4 LOA TTT2,:~ " EN DIN G A DD RE SS "
:K EY BO AR D IN PU T OF S TA RT IN G A DR RE SS
;CHANGE TO HEXIO ECIt$ .L ADDRESS
: M 'JV E HEX I DEC I .~ l ADDRESS TOAPPC ($3A)
SEQ [,8FtJ
ORR 1<18~j
.JSR $FDEDINX8N E 08A4
DBA3- ]SR $FD6FLDY 1300J : ' O . f ; ' . $FFA7U >R * A F · R25TR ,.F I N AU,A "'RPR2+!ji5TR *F I tlR+0:1.. JS R $ F D8 E :PR INT LINE FEED
D8R5 .1SR $F800 :D ISASSEM BLE O NE LINE
1 M ' : "'LENG i I NCREMENT B Y T E F OR L EN GT H
CLCLDA * A F ' PCRDC . *LEt,jG
S TR *R F'P I:;=LD A *APPC+01R[,C l'Iv.> U
STR '~RPF'C+01SECU)R "RF'PC
SBe ' ' ' F I N RLDA *RPPC+0:1.S8e * FI NR+ Olsec C : ' B A 5.TSR $FD8ETSP :tFr!8E
PT S
MICRO -- The 8502 Journal
:KEYBQARD INP\JT OF ENDING ADDRESS
: C I -W I G E TO HEX I DEC I M A L ADDRESS
i~V E HEXIOECIMAL ADDRESS TO
FINA ($FE) F IN AL AD DR ES S
; ADO LENGTH OF IN STRU CT I 00 TO
:ADDRESS TttA.T IS POINTER FOR
:O P C OD E TO BE DIS ASS Ef.'B LE D
:SUBTRACT FINAL ADDRESS TO SEE IF
T H E EN D H A S B EE N R EA CH ED
:PRINT LIlliE FEED
:PRINT LINE FEED
:R ETU RN TO tom lTO R
29:57
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 60/85
and 610 ($870) in the program listingand this data is used in lines 100($806) and 250 ($828) respectively.
Several APPLE monitor sub-routines are used in this programand two of them deserve some com-
ment. The first is the GETNUM($FFA7) subroutine that converts anumber stored as ASCII charactersin the input buffer ($200), indexed bythe Y register, into a two byte hex-idecimal number. This routine con-verts ASCll characters until it en-counters a character that is a non-hexidecimal number. A carriagereturn ($80) is used in this programfor the terminator. The resultinghexidecimal address is stored atlocation A2L ($3E) and A2H ($3F) inthe usual low byte, high byte orderfor addresses required by the 6502.
The second routine that deservessome comment is the INSTOP($F800) routine. This routinedisassembles an instruction andoutputs it to the screen. Theaddress that is used to direct thesubroutine to the op code to bedisassembled is stored in PCl ($3A)
':1:::6E: 5:5544:L ~"357~?1 TITi A S. " ';-n=IFi:T1 : D ATA FO R FIR ST HEADER LINt0 8 6 E r:12544':1
0871 4E4720 ~)5;=:0 RS r'K, Fir·!;,~1:=:74 4.L4444
~18?7 ~24~~,~. (1~:90 8S ' R E S : ; : :' : : : 1 : ? : 7 1 ~ ~;;-:;;;; '~1
0:-::7C O(il , , ' t ~ ' , , ( ! i-t; (30687[;' 0[.' ()6'l0 TIT:;: HS 0D : DATA FO R SEC()I ID HEADER LINE
087C 454E44 (,,:;';::0 AS "ENDING.;"8:3i 494E4?
0:384 2(j-j.144 8 1 1 0 . : : ; : 0 AS,.
A [ ,o D F ; : E1j:~:87 ...1·45245
O,=:8R -:'..;-S:·2~j 064.3 F I S ....S0SE:D 00 0>35'" H'- 00; ; ; ; ,
['66~3 Et,W Ell
and PCH($3B). After returning fromINSTOP, a number that is one lessthan the length of the instruction isstored in location lENGTH ($2F),The address in the painter {$3A, $3B)is not changed by INSTOSP andhence the length of the instructionneeds to be added to the pointer to
get to the location of the next opcode (lines 410 to 470 in the programlisting).
gram listing. Hopefully this routinewill be useful in making yourmachine language print-outs lookneater in the future.
S'r't1E:OL TA8LEFINR ,)OFE
APR2 Oi2GE
LEtJ(l .~1i212~-flPpr" 00::A
-:;Tf1R ~1 :K '0
r'8F12 0805
()8A~ 8812
~'E:A... ~t~!;::'7
r-'BA1. ~18~4
[.. E: A, , ~1==:4""
T IT~ 0'=:'_T:TT12 887[,
Em' O:3;:::~E
J .'
If you do not desire to have the in-itial lines of text printed out on yourprinter then one should insert aprjnter turn-on ro uti nebetween lines380 and 390 of the assembled pro-
SIRIUS SOFTWARE is proud to announce that SYNERGISTIC SOFTWARE
is now a distributor for us and is carrying the fallowing products in stock:
E·Z DRAW_It started as the best graphics editing package available for the APPLE and with our continuingsupport it is going to stay the best. Human engineered for ease of use and a tutorial intended to be used bycomputer novices. Still only $34.95. E-Z DRAW requires a 48K APPLE with Applesoft in ROM or a LanguageSystem. Written by Jerry Jewell and Nasir/Gebell!.
STAR CRUISER - The ULTIMATE ACTION gamel A real time hi-res action game with sound, action andsuspense. Finally a game that requires fast reflexes, coordination and strategy. These critters actually chaseyou. A game for all ages and priced right at $24.95. This game runs under 13 or 16 sector format with 32KRAM. Written by Nasir/Gebell!.
BOTH BARRELS Includes two games on the same diskette. DUCK HUNT is the traditional hunt from the blind,complete with dogs to retrieve the ducks and even an occasional dog fight to liven up the action. Hi-res, ofcourse. HIGH NOON has you pitted against an entire town of BAD GUYS. They'll attack from doorways, win-dows, and even rooftops. Be quick or be dead. This has some of the most Interesting graphics effects you'llsee on the APPLE. Nlnelevels of play, one to match any age group. These games have great action, greatgraphics, and great sound effects. What else could you ask for? BOTH BARRELS requires 48K with ApplesoftIn ROM. Written by Nasir/Gebelli.
SIRIUS SOFTWARE
1537 Howe Avenue #106
Sacramento. CA 95825(916) 920-8981
SYNERGISTIC SOFTWARE
5221120th Avenue S.E.
Bellevue, WA . 98006
(206) 641-1917
APPLE, Applesoft and Language System are products of Apple Computer, Inc. E-Z DRAWand DUCK HUNT Includecharacter generation by Ron and Darrel Aldrich and fonts by Ted Cohn and Lawrence You,
The products listed are al/ copyrighted © 1980by SIRIUS SOFTWARE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 61/85
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 62/85
Look at the program example,TESTSORT. The first thing torememberabout Pascal programs isthat 'first is last'. Inother words, anyvariable, constant, or proceduremust be defined before it is referredto. That is why the executablestatements for any program or pro-
cedure are the last statements inthat program or procedure.
A procedure is basicly a programsubroutine that is, or should be ac-complishing a discrete functionwithin the program. Any proceduremay also be composed of one ormore procedures. In the example,procedure PRINT is a stand-aloneprocedure, while procedure SPLITisconstructed using four sub-modules, SWITCH, BUBBLE,MOVEUPand MOVEDN.
Notice also that variables andconstants are always declared priorto their use at the beginning of theprogram or procedure. Additionally,these data areas are global to thelexical levelof the program at whichthey are defined. Inother words, theconstant MAXMEMS is available toany statement in the programbecause it is defined at the highestlevel, but the variable HOLDcan on-ly be accessed from within pro-cedure SWITCH.
This feature of defining variables
for a sub-module allows the techni-que of recursion to be used. Simplyput, this means that a procedure isable to call itself as a subroutine.This is in fact what the procedureSPLIT is doing. By using recursion,the programmer can keep thecoding Simple, and yet write ex-tremely efficient programs. In thisexample, SPLIT is initially calledfrom the main program logic, andthe value 0 and the variable ACT-MEMSare passedasparameters. Atthe end of the SPLITprocesslnq, thesize of the array segment being
manipulated is evaluated. At thispoint, the array is broken into twohalves and the procedure is calledagain for each half. This processcontinues until the array segment tobe passed to the SPLITprocedure istwelve items or less. At this point, asimple bubble sort is called for etfi-clency reasons and the return ismade from the subroutine call.
This use of recursion is possiblebecause new and unique variables
29:60
are generated for each recursionaflevel. This allows the variables to beat the proper value when the returnto the next higher level is com-pleted. Becauseof this, however,alot of memory is gobbled up in theprocess and there is an effectivelimit to the number of recursion
levels possible. In the case of theAPPLE,a minimum of six words areusedat each level in addition to anyvariables used, and each word is
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 29 22
1 0 2 2
11 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 221 7 ' l1.18 2219 222(1 2221 12 2 12 3 124 12 5 126 127 1
2 8 119 13 0 131 13 2 133 13 4 13 S 13 D 137 13 B 13 9 14( ) 141 142 143 1
« 145 14 b 147 148 149 1S O 151 152 153 154 15 -5 156 157 158 1
considered by the P-machine to be16bits. For this reason, the exampleis limited to 285 members in the ar-ray.
The use of this recursion techni-que is what makes the QUICKSORTalgorithm so efficient, however.The
first sort that I wrote inPascal was asimple bubble sort that took about70 seconds to sort 100 items in the
array. Using QUICKSORT,this same
1 : D 1 (t$l P R I N T E R : * )1 : D 1 P R O G R M T E S T S O R T ;1:0 3 (** ," -I -H***** **** . .. ********4- I******)1:0 3 {* *l1 : 0 3 (f O OI C' K S O RT A R R A Y O F I N T E G ER * l1 : 0 3 (I * 11 :D 3 (HHHnuH*HIHHf***********H)1 :D 3 ($ )
1:0 31:0 3
2 : D 3 F U N C T I O N P A D D l E l S E L E C T : I N T E G E R ) : I N T E G E R ;3 :0 3 F I . . .K : T IO N B 1 m O N I S E l E C T : IN T EG E R ) : B O O lE AN ;4 :D 1 P R O C E D U R E T I L O U T ( S E l E C T : I l n E G E R ; D A T A : B O O l E A N ) ;5:D 3 FOCTlON KEYPRESS: B fAEAN;b :D 3 F U N C T IO N R A N D O M : I N T E G E R ;7 :0 1 ? R D C E D U R E R A N l lO I 1 lmS : 0 1 P R O C E D U R E N O T E ( P I T C H , D U R A T IO N : I N T E G E R ) ;8:0 31 :0 3 I M P L ~ T A T I O N1 : 0 1I :D 1 U S E S A P P L E S T U F F ;1:0 31 : D 3 C O N S T I ' I A X ! ' I E M S = 2 8 4 \I:D 31 : 0 3 V A R O U T : I N T E R A C T I V E ;1 : 0 3 0 4 C O N : I N T E R A C T I V E ;1 : 0 6 0 5 N U ~ : A R RA Y ( O •.~ A X H E ~ 3] O F I N T E G E R ;
1 : 0 8 , 9 0 A C T M E l ' I S , I Y :I N T E G E R ;I : D 8 9 2 P , D , l X : I ~ T E G E R ;1 : D 895 CHRtlR : CH ff{;1 : D B 9 b (1$P ~i
2 : D 1 P R O C E D U R E P R I N T ( T E X T : S T R I N G 1 ;2 : D 4 3 (***HHIH-t+H*-H-HHftH*********)2 : D 43 It * 12 : D 4 3 (t P RI N T T HE I N T E G E R A R R A Y f l2 : D 43 It * 12 : 0 4 3 (***Ht I***1HH:4Hf-H***********H)2 : D 4 3 V A R I X , C T R : I N T E G E R ;2 : D 4 52 : 0 0 B E G I N2 : 1 0 P A 6 E ( O U T ) i2 : 1 1 4 W R l T E L N 1 0 J T , T E X T l ;2 : 1 31 W R IT E U H O U T l i
2 : 1 3 8 I I l . I T E L N mm ;2:1 45 IX:= 0;2 : 1 4 8 e T R : = O J2 : 1 5 1 R E P E A T2:2 51 . ' U T E ( O U T , ' ' :4,Nl. lM[lX):6)i2 : 2 8 1 I X := I X + I i2 : 2 8 7 e T R := C T R + 1;2: 2 93 IF eTR = 12 TH EN2 : 3 9 9 B E G I N2:4 99 eTR := 0;2: 4 1 0 2 W R I T E L N ( O U T l2:3 109 END;2:1 1Q9 U N T I L IX) A C T M E M S ;2:1 117 W R I T E L N t O U T 1 ;2 : 0 1 2 4 E N D ;
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 63/85
Octob.r 1980
5 9b Q616 26364O S6 6676 86 91 071127 37 47 S76n78798081B 2
8384S5868 7a s89909192939 49S9b97989910010 11 0 210 31 0 4l O Sl O b1 0 7l O S10911 011 111 21 1 31141 1 5
1 1 61 1 71 1 81191 2 01 2 11 2 2123124
11111111t111111111111111
111111111111111111111111111111111
111111111
2 : 03 : 03 : 03 : 03 : 03 : 03 : 03 : D3 : D3 : 03 : 03 : D3 : 04:[j4 : 04 : 04 : 04:14 : 14:14 : 04 : 05 : D5 : D
5 : 05 : 05:15 : 25 : 35 : 45 : 55 : 45 : 25 : 05 : 06 : 06 : 0b:16:16 = 26 : 36 : 46 : 46:4,6 : 46 : 36 : 26 : 36:16:06 : 07 : D7 : 07:17: 17·"L7·,... ,
7 : 47 : 47 : 47 : 47 : 37 : 27 : 37:17 : 0
138(dP.)1 P R C l C E D 1 J 1 E SF t . 1 T (X, Y : I N TE G ER I ;3 (.......t + t II I I I ••• f lll.I I I II * * ** *l
3 (f I)
3 (+ S P l I T I S A P R O C ED U R E ) I - l I C H +)
3 ( . A C T l .w . .L V D C E S TI£ S O R T I M 3 . I)
3 (+ T I £ S O O T r t .O O R In t t L lS U i I S I
3 ( . T I £ Q U I C K SO O T 1 'E 1 T l lO . I)
3 (+ +)
3 (tt....... tf~~.ft+lI.III ••II*1
3 V A R F , L , I ' I I D : I N T E G E R :b O DD f'A SS : B OO lE A N :71 P R OC E O O R E SW IT C H ( S W l, S W 2 : I N T E G E R ) ;
3 'J A R I { J L D : IN T E G E R i
4oo1 43S49b413
5oo13132 62 651b 471881oo44
35354 351'5 161616 37 1819 61oo44
3 5
3 54 351516161637 181
B E G I NI - f J L D := ~JtUSWlli~ [ S W 1] : = NlI ' I [SW21iNU l ' ! ( S W 2 ] : = I - [ ! L D
E N D ;
P R O C m I R E B U BB lf ( B B I , B £W I N T E G E R ) :V A R Z . X : I N l £ G E R i
B E G I NF O R Z := B B I T O ( B B 2 - 1 ) 0 0B E G I N
F O R X := I I + 1 ) T O B B 2 D OB E G I N
I F N U I ' I ( Z ] ) ~ ( X ] T H E N S W I T C H ( Z , X );E N D ;
E N D ;E N D :
P R O C E D U R E tm£UP;F f : G IN
O D D P A S S := F A L S E ;
R E P E A TI F N U M ( F ] )= N U M ( l ] T H E N
B E G I NS W I T C H ( F , l ) ;F := F + 1;M ID := L ;E X IT ( I ' I O V E U P I
E N DRSE
L := L - 1 ;U N T IL N O T ( L ) F ) i
E N D ;
P R O CE D U RE I1 O V E DN :B E G I N
O D D P A S S : = T R U E ;
R E P E A TI F ~ ( L ] ( N U M [ F ] T H E N
B E G I N
SW I T C H I F , l) ;L := L - 1;1 1 1 0 := F iE X I T ( t1 O V E I tl I
E N DE L S E
F := F + 1 ;U N T I L N O T ( L ) F l i
E N D ;
MICRO -- T.... 6502 Journal
array will be sorted in about fiveseconds. The maximum of 285elements is sorted consistently in16seconds. Eventhough a machinelanguage sort would run circlesaround these figures, try doingsome sorts in BASIC. I'm not evensure that QUICKSORTcould bewrit-
ten in BASIC.
There is one last feature of theU.C.S.D. Pascal system that I feelmerits a lot of attention. With thissystem, machine languagesubroutines can be linked into andcalled from Pascal host programs.These routines are essentiallymembers of Partitioned Data Sets(PDS)that are called UNITs. TheseUNITs each have a unique name,and up to 16 of these UNITs mayreside on anyone of a number ofsubroutine libraries that the pro-
grammer can generate. In theTESTSORTprogram, Iwanted to usethe routines NOTE and RAN·DOMIZE, which are machinelanguage procedures that are usedto manipulate the APPLE's speakerand in gererating random numbers,respectively. These routines residein An APPLE supplied UNIT calledAPPLESTUFF.This unit is includedin the program, and at the end ofcompilation, this UNIT isautomatically linked in from thesystem library. Any of the functionsand procedures listed at the begin-
ning of the programabovethe state-ment, IMPLEMENTATIONare nowavailable to the Pascal host pro-gram.
In this article I have tried tohighlight some of the main featuresof this very professional softwaresystem as simply as possible, andin dolnq so, have tried to indicatethe usefulness of this productwithout being tedious. Pascal is anexciting development on themicrocomputer horizon which willallow the serious software analyst
to develop professiona applicationsfor microcomputer systems. Ohyes,there is only last critical point that Ihave neglected to mention. Pro-grams written in U.C.S.D. Pascalcan be run on any computer systemusing the U.C.S.D. OperatingSystem, and there are a lot ofmicros out there in addition to AP-PLE now using this operatingsystem. Think about it for a mo-ment. The implications are trulyamazing.
29:81
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 64/85
5678901234567
8901234567890123
4067S901234
6
s90123
1111111111111
1111111111111111
111111111111111111111111111111111
111111111111
7 : 07 : 07 : 07 : 07 : 07 : 03 : 03:13:13:13 : 13 : 23:1
3 : 23:13:13 : 23 : 33 : 23:33 : 13 : 2
3:13 : 23: 13 : 23:13 : 23 : 0
3 : 0'3:03 : 03 : 03: 03 : 01:01 : 11:11:11:11: 11:11 : 1
1:11: 11 : 1I: 11 : 11:11: 11:11: 11: 11: 11 : 21:31:31: '31:31:31 : 21: 1
1: 11:11:11: 11:11: 11:11:11: 11: 11:11: e
96 ( I f $ P t l9 6 (HH+HHHIIIU .. IUIHtHH)
9 6 (f I)
9 6 ( I M A IN L O G IC F O R S P L I T I )96 (I f)
96 (HfHHHfHHHf+tHHHHf)
o B E G I N(I F:= X :'3 L:= V :6 H I D : = ( ( F + L ) D I V 2 1 ;
1 3 IF N ~ [F l < N lJ l t l ' l ID J T H E N4{ ) S W I T C H ( F , 1 1 1D ) ;44 IF N U I1 [F l ) N l . IH tL l T H E N
7 1 S W I T C H ( F , L ) ;7 5 O D D P A S S : = T R L { ;7 8 W H IL E L ) F D O8 3 IF O D D P A S S T H E N8 6 M O V E U P86 ELSE9 0 1 'I 0 V E D N i94 I F (M lD - X l : > 1 2 T H E N101 S P L I T ( X , M I D l1 0 3 E L S E1 0 7 B U B B L E ( ~ , N I D ) i1 1 1 I F t1 ' - N I D I ) 1 2 T H £ N118 S P L I T ( H I D , y )1 2 0 E L S E1 2 4 B U B B L E 0 1 1 [1 , V ) ;1 2 € , E N D ;
14 2 ( t $ P * )1 4 2 (HHHHI***UHn* ...*****nH i1 4 2 ( I II1 4 2 ( I P R O G R A H T E S T S O R T L ~ 3 I C I )14 2 (* *)
14 2 ( * * * * I * * H * + * t * t * t * * * H H H * * * * * t lo B E G I No R E S E H O U T , 'P R I N TE R : I );
4 1 R E S H ( C O N , ' C O N S O L E : ')i6 2 P A C t { C O N ) ;7 2 G O T O X Y ( O S , 0 6 I ; I < l R l T E ( ' * * * * * * H H * * * * * * * * * * H * * * * * * * * ' ) i
1 2 0 G O T O X Y !O S , 0 7 ) ; W R IT E ( it.' );1 6 8 G O T O X V ( 0 5 , 0 8 l ; W R IT E ( ' . IN P U T N U M B E R O F E L E M E N T S *');2 1 6 G O T O X Y ( 0 5 , 0 9 Ii W R I T E ( ' * L E S S T H A N 2 8 5 : * ' 1 ;2 6 4 G O T O X V ( 0 5 , 1 0 ) ; W R I T E ! '* * ' ) ;3 1 2 G U T O X Y ( 0 5 , 1 1 ) ; W R IT E (I **HH-IHnHH+H********UfH);
3 6 0 G O T O X Y ( 2 6 , 0 9 ) ;3b5 L ~ I T C L E A R ( l ) i
3 6 8 R E A D L N ( A C T M E N S 1 ;3 8 7 R A N D O M I Z E ;3 9 0 F O R IV := (1 T O A C TM E M S 0 0 N U I' ! [ lY J := ( IV + R A N D O M M O D 3 4 5 2 ) ;4 4 6 O O T O X V lO 6 , 1 3 ) iW R I T R ' P R IN T IJ 'l . S O f lT E D A R R A Y ( V IN l? I Ii49 1 U N I T C L E A R ( l ) i494 R E A D ( C H R C T R l i5 0 5 I F C H R C T R = 'V ' T H E N5 1 2 B E G IN
5 1 2 G C r T O X V(ob, 1 4 ) ; W R IT E ! " S T A R T P R I N T E R A N D H I T A N V K E Y ' ) ;5 5 9 U N I T C L E A R ! l ) i5 6 2 R E A D ( C H R C T R ) ;5 7 3 G O T O X ~ { O O , O O I ;5 7 8 P R IN T ( " B E F O R E T H E S O R T - ' )5 9 8 E N D ;6 0 0 G O T D X V ( l 2 ,1 6 ) ; W R I T E { 'S O R l I N I T I A T E D ')i
63 2 p:= lS i616 D:= 100;b 4 ! ) N O T E ( P , D l i6 4 9 S P L m O , A C T H 8 1 5 J ibS5 P:= 18i6 5 9 N O T E ( P , D l;b 6 8 P A G E { C O N ) ;
6 7 8 G O T O X V ( 0 5 , 1 4 ) i W R IT E { 'S T A R T F ~ lN T E R A N D H IT A N V K E Y I);
72 5 U N I T C L E A R ( l ) i7 2 8 R E A D (C H R C T R ) ;7 3 9 P R IN T ( ' A F T E R T I£ S O O T - ' )7 S 8 E N D .
A P P L E
B U S I N E S S
S O F T W A R EGENER.AL LEDGER
If you an: a busine .. person who is looking for
ultimate performance, take B look at this out-
standing General Ledger package from SmallBusincn Computer Systems_
Our package fea ture s six digit account
numbers. plus thirty-one character account
names. We have ten levels of subtntalo, giving
you a more detailed income statement and
ba lance sheet with up to nine depa rtments. Either
cash or accr ual accoun ting methods may be 118Cd.The cash journa l allows a thirty-thr ee cha racter
transaction description and automatica.lly cal·
culates the proper off_lting entry. You may
print the balance sheet and i ne o m e s ta tem en t for
the current month, quarter, or any of the pre-
vious three quarters, Abo, this year's or last
year's total an: included on the income statement,
depending on the current month.
Then: is virtua lly no limit on entr ie s, since you
may process them as orten as you like. Two
thousand (1,000 from GL; 1,000 from any exter-
na l source) can be processed in one session.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Sound business management n:quires you to
keep up-t.<Hiate reports regarding the status of
yo ur accounts receivable.
Now, from the same company lhat revolu-tionized accounting on the Apple IIcomputer,
with their convers ion of the Osborne/McGraw.
Hill General Ledger program, you may now
obtain th e Acconnl8 Receivable package you
have been waiting for.
Our package allows you to assign your own
alpha-numeric cus tomer code up to six char-
acters, Date of the last activity. as we l l as
amounts billed this year and last year are main-
tained. This Accounts Receivable system main-
tains six digit invoice numbers. six digit job
numbers . invoice amount, shipping charges, salestax (automatically ca lcula ted) , total payments as
well as progress billing infonnation. You may
enter an invoice at any time; before it's ready for
billing, after you have billed it, and even after it's
paid. This package also prints reports which list
the invoices you have not billed yet, open items,
paid items, and an aging analysis of open items.
!n the f inal analysi s, making your bookkeeping
easier is what our software is all about. With our
General Ledger package you can format your
own balance sheet and income statement.
Department financial statements may be for-
mated diff erently. You have complete f reedom to
place titles and headings when: you want them,
skip lines or pages between accounts and
generate subtotals and totals throughout the
repcrts=-up to ten levels if you need them. Ac--
counts Receivable is designed to provide youwith complete up-to-date information. The
program will print customer sta temenuas well ali
post invoice amounl8 to any of the accounts
maintained by our General Ledger package.
These packages will support any printer/inter-
face com bination. General Ledger requires 11 0
columns. Account. Receivable re q uires 13 0
columns.
SUllClted Retail:
IndividuaUy S;80.00Toge1her S33O.00
SMALL BUSINESS COMPUTU SYSTEMS4140 Greenwood
Lincoln, N.bnlka 68S04
(4 02 ) 4 67 -! 8 78
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 65/85
B E F O R E T H E S O R T -
2 1 : 3 3303 2 1 5 4 2406 1 8 9 2 1 3 4 8 2 4 8 1 9 1 9 4 9 2 2 5 8 0 23 3 4 3 31 7 8 6 1 2 9 1 3 4 5 1 1 3 9 4 3 2 4 4 2128 4 5 3 1139 Ib10 m2 3 1 7 3 0 3 4. 1 8 1 3 2 6 3 2 2 5 9 3 2 9 0 7 5 7 5 2 3 1 0 1815 1938 1 2 4 b 936 1506 2 7 8 61160 3 0 5 3 1 4 3 3 286 tb81 1 8 2 0 1 4 8 1 2 3 9 4 2 0 7 6 3 0 0 4 5 1 9 1 0 5 14 2 2 2 & 1 2 i9t8 1 7 0 8 7 1 5 1 9 7 0 : ' ' 3 7 1 3157 8 8 0 2612 3121 14459 2 9 2 4 4 2 1 1 6 1 2 6 0 2 2 0 4 3 7 1 1 3 2 6 2 1 6 4 0 2 4 3 3 1 1 5 1 1 8 0 5 s o o1781 3 3 5 1 2 2 3 4 2 1 . 5 7 3 ' 5 2 6 2301 1320 92 2 1 4 0 0 2 6 5 8 4 2 3 38311 2 2 8 6 9 1 7 9 2360 2 2 : 3 9 1 7 7 0 2238 88 6 1168 1 0 5 9 1 1 6 7 40 43~:14 6 4 8 2 9 6 7 6 7 0 2471 1920 2 4 0 1 3 4 2 0 Z:13 i24t . 1 4 4 5 2 ' 6 5 41 0 2 5 ?I)14 2 8 2 4 6 5 7 196 1 5 7 4 1 5 4 0 2 8 5 4 1 0 8 5 1 2 6 1 1 1 5 6 2 7 0 32 5 7 4 2909 1959 4 1 5 ' 91 9 3 2 1 2 : 3 2 0 8 3 2 5 8 2 9 7 1
I-'C'"t:'84 9 5 5 9o. ,J ·_!
3 5 2 7 1 O b 4 2566 1270 66 3 585 1333 % '9 1103 1 2 0 1 1314 3 2 2 02 7 4 6 27 2 2 4 ' : i { : , i415 1062 3 0 : 3 9 0 0 1206 676 2 9 0 8 1 1 3 3 32103154 2 · 0 8 3 5 7 3 2 0 3 4 3173 2 3 ( 1 8 3482 2711 8 5 4 1317 3502 : 3 : 3 9 n
5 3 2 5 5 : 3 2 ' 1 1 1 ~:O56 1':i05 1 ; ~ 4 5 1 0 8 7 683 3(1((: -325~: 3 3 1 7 10101 2 0 9 1877 bO t : . 2338 7 8 5 2241 6 0 5 3221 2 8 7 6 2 6 6 5 8 3 0 21641 5 6 : ; : 2 · 4 7 6 1 4 3 3 [ 1 6 7 [ 5 4 2 1 0 1 3 3 0 0 5 1791 1477 3391 / . : · 5 3 ~:O43
951 1 4 5 4 S'i2 3 3 2 6 1 ~ : 2 3 1421 2 5 8 1 3 6 0 9 1 4 2 6 1214 1259 1 8 3 63462 1 ' : , 9 2 i24:3 3 4 7 7 3 8 2 2 9 8 2774 2 4 5 8 : 2 . \ " ! 5 4 : 3 1 1 6 99 1 2 5 4 5644 ~:243 2061 1381 1 8 4 1 2 1 7 1 1 3 5 2 1568 3 9 8 2834 1764 3 3 4 ' : ,1750 1 6 : 3 4 ~:661 3164
--,it;:-I
3 6 ' 1 ( ; 1 7 5 1 : . . 71 2 t e H K ; l 1201 26((: 1·~·30- - " ' ; "
3486 1601 2211 3 2 1 9 1122 C""';,2760 : 3 0 2 0 3 4 8 3 0 2 522 8 7 4J,)l
2205 : : : 4 2 7 1 9 0 7I e . ; : : , 2243 2691 : 3 1 : : : 4 1570 2~;94 i725 713 ;~3S~3O-_'J
1199 lJ.5~. :3477 1904 1177 31 8 ib7S 33~1~ 2 5 4 i
A f T E R T H E · . : . O R i -
--~? 1 . 1 2 In 196 2t:: 2 4 t - , 272 2% : : : 0 2 3 0 3 ~ ; O ' 3 :~:17- - . _ '
31 8 :347 3 4 : : : -'J-r.:),~~: 3 ' : ' 8 4 0 4 4 1 ' ? 4 2 2 4 2 3 4~,3 4 9 2 51 9...i.I.,)
5 2 2 5:31t:C".J cc,Y,
5 7 5 ' 5 8 2;;;: ,-,;: ,
59 2 6 ( 1 0 ,~(l5 6 1 ) 1 : . b 4 4.J.;. " _ ' _ I i" ..JO._I
& 4 8 b53 t . ' : ' 7 6 6 3 6 7 0 / : . . 7 6 6 ' - ' " 7 1 1 71 2 7i3 715 7 3 8·_'
7 : : : : ' ~ , - , : , , 1 : ': 3 ~ : O 8 4 9 85 4 8 5 5 8 7 4 E ~ : 3 0 ; S 8 t , 9 ( 1 ( 1 Q10 9 2 2J._. /·e·.)
' 1 7 5 1 95 1 ' 1 ; ~ I : . . 9 8 9 991 1010 101'! 1 0 2 5 1051 il)59 1062 10641073 1085 1 0 8 7 li((: 1122 113~: ! J . 3 9 ii5i 11% U 5 B nso 1 1 1 : . · 11167 1167 1 1 6 : 3 1177 lrn 1201 1201 1206 1 2 0 ' : ' 1 2 1 4 1 2 4 6 12461248
.a ' i I: r,1261 i270 i.291 t:?i4 1320 13Z~ : 1 : 3 : 3 : 3 1348 : 3 5 2 E ;311.£.):-
j39~ 1 . 4 0 0 i4i~, 1421 1426 1 4 : 3 3 1 4 : ) ' : : 1445 1 4 4 5 1 4 " 5 4 1 4 7 7 1481
1 5 0 5 L5% 1540 1~,4i : 1 5 6 : ? 15t,~; 1:1
70 1 5 7 1 1 1 " ' . .. .- . i.~·Oi tO O \ 6 : : ' ; 0.•.Fi'.i.
1 6 : 3 4 - 1640 1675 l b : 3 1 1 7 0 : ; ; 1725 1 7 5 0 1 7 ' : ' i : . , i764 1770 1781 1 7 : 3 61nt 1 H O : : , 1~:1~~ 1 : : . 1 " : : . 1 : ; ; 1 7 ' i~:r20 1 8 : : : t . iB4t 184:, .rCf
l E : 7 7 It:,?2·:\'}/
i'?04 1 90 7 i9i8 19i'i l ri2 0 1 1 " " · · - " - · l '~":"i 1970 2014 2 0 3 4 2 0 4 3 2061';I'u
2 0 7 f; . 2128 2 1 : : , 4 2JtA 217~ 220:·",,). l e - , -- ,_ . , , ~ '-;'-"-'1' 22:~;'~' 2141 2 2 4 3,-1.1 '::'.i,J.,. 1,.L":"v
2 " " 1 . 5 7 2 2 9 : 3 230i 2 8 0 8 22.F! 2 3 1 : 3 2J.3~j 2 3 · 6 0 2371 2 2 8 2 . 2394 2:3~~42401 2406 2 4 : ; : : : : 2 4 4 1 : ::456 24~,::: 2ii71 254i 2'5~~t ' ~r C" ~ . -
2 5 7 4 25~30:.,Jop~,
2581 2 5 9 : 3 2b,},: 26((: 2612 2b12 26:32 2 t , 5 3 21:·65 26'~1 2 7 0 2 · 27112 7 4 6 2760 2774 2 7 8 6 2 8 2 4 2 8 : 3 4 2 l ? · 54 ' 2 8 5 4 2 f : ; , ~ " ' ; " 2 : : : 7 b 2 9 l ) : 3 2 ' i 0 72 9 0 9 : ; : : ' ? ! 1 2 9 5 4 2 9 1 : 1 7 2 9 7 1 2982 3()(l3 : : : : 0 0 4 ' 3 0 0 5 31)2(; 3 0 3 4 : : : ( J 4 : ~ :
: 3 U : : " ' S - 3 0 5 1 ) 31 i . ,~. " 3 1 2 i : : : 1 : : : 4 .31~,4 ~:i57 3 ; 6 4 ~ : 1 7 : : ' . ' : ; : - 20 "~ S2~O 3~i23 : 2 2 ( 1 : 3 2 2 1 : 3 2 4 : 3 : : : 2 4 4 ~~252· : - ' : : 2 ~ t i ? 3 2 6 2 3279 · . : : ~ 3 0 : ? · :::-3H ~;3i7 J 3 2 f : _ ·~:~:45 ; : : : : : 5 1 3 2 . 5 4 - : : : : : : ; ' ~ O 3 : : ' . 9 1 ' : : : 4 2 0 . ? . f J / / . _ 7 :3~-33 3 4 5 1 . : · 5 4 t · 2 3 4 7 6 '-'4'7·;0.1.
3 4 3 2 3 4 B f , 3 5 0 2 3~126 ~:577 : 3 5 7 2 1 3609 3t·bt :3t.90
J . !
Legal Note: Computers and the Law
The Computer/Law Journal has
Just issued a "Call for Papers" for a
special two-issue set entitled "Law
and Information Polroy" to be
published in early 1981.
Papers are sought in all areas of
the information process, from the
legal aspect of fact-gathering, to In-
formation storage. retrieval and
transmission. Topics include inter
alia, privacy, protection of data
bases, Viewdata and similar
systems, transborder data flow, ac-
cess to government data bases, cryp-
tography, and the antitrust aspects
of the telecommumications industry.
Articles addressing the international
aspects of information law and policy
will be of particular interest.
Guest editors for these special
issues are Dr. Jon Bing and Professor
Selmer of the Norwegian Research
Center for Computers and Law.
Authors interested in submitting
papers for these issues should either
write Dr. Bing at the Norwegian
Research Center for Computers and
Law, Oslo University, Karl Johans Gt
37, Oslo 1, Norway, or write or
telephone Michael Scott. Edltor-In-
Chiel, Computer/Law Journal, 530
West Sixth Street· 10th Floor, Los
Angeles, California 90014
(Telephone: 213- 623-3321).
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 66/85
SERIOUS SOFTWARE FOR YOUR APPLEI
EASYWRITER. the best-known, best-loved Word Processor by CAP'N
SOFTWARE ....................................•...........•.. S9 9
EASYWRITER, the Professional Word·Processing System with
8(k:olumn Screen-Hardware by INFORMATION UNLIMITED SOFT-
WARE/CAP'N SOFTWARE ....................•............... $250EASYMAILER, the mailing·list and record-rnananement system. Use It
to interface and merge lists with the Word·Processors above .•.... $69WHATStT? the Self·lndexing Query System by COMPUTER HEAD-
WARE ...........................••......................... $150VISICALC, the numarlcal-rnodetlnq and calculating 1001 by PER·
SONAL SOFTWARE ............................•............. $150
CCA, the complete Data Management System by PERSONAL SOFT-
WARE, contains rnail lng-Hst, report-generation & program·lnterfacing
features. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .........•.. $99STOCK MARKET ANALYSIS by GALAXY ....•....•............. $49
SUPER·CHECKBOOK does check reconciliation and analysis, by
POWERSOFT .................................•............... $20
APPLE·DOC, documents your BASIC programs, by SOUTHWEST
DATA SYSTEMS ....•.......................................... $20
MULTI·MESSAGE, allows you to create large, colorful, ht-res
messages on multiple TV sets. Broadcast ads from shop-windows &
t race-snow booths. By CONNECTICUT INFO. SYSTEMS .•.. .. ... . $35
+ APPLE DATA-GRAPH, plots up to 3 hl-res curves, 40 points each, on
a graph with dimensioned axes. Graphs can be saved to disk & recall-ed Instant ly! by CONNECTICUT INFO. SYSTEMS .•.. .. .•. ... .. .. $25
VE.RBATlM, 5'1.·lnch diskettes, per box 0110 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..•. .. $29
··El ther MULTI·MESSAGE or APPLE DATA·GRAPH are FREEwith each $100 of any merchandise ordered.·'
HARDWARE lor your APPLE!D.C. HAYES MICRO MODEM $300
MICROSOFT Z.oo SOFTCARD,lels you run CP/M programs onAPPLE $300
MOUNTAIN HARDWARE: APPLE CLOCK ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..••. $225ROM PLUS + $169
CALIFORNIA COMPUTER SYSTEMS: PARALLEL INTERFACE •.. $119ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL INTERFACE $159
SSM Ala SERIAL·PARALLEL INTERFACE works with almost all
popular printers!. $115APPLE LANGUAQE SYSTEM with PASCAL. ..•.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . $397
CONNECTICUT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, CO.218 Huntington Road, Bridgeport, CT 06808
(203) 519-0412
For .._'--
'..'GRAPHI£S FOR
APPLEUPADDLE-GRAPHlm/l'AllLEl' GRAPIIImThe mOM powerful graphic development system avatlablc.
l 'pper/Iower case text may be drawn in any size, direction orcolor. Pictures mav be sketched and flUed In with any of21 111-
RES colon; (mllst' be seen to believe!!) A shape may be
constructed automatrcally from lI.lly object appearlng on the 111-
RES screen.
l'ad(Ue-grophlcs Is for use with the standard g(lIT1epaddles
distributed wtth your APPLE and TABLET-GRAPHICS Is for
use wtth AP]'LES' GRAPHICS TABLET.
Paddle and Tablet-Graphtcs are avatlable now II.t your local
computer store and require 48K Applesoft In rom and Iidisk
drive. To order directly send 839.95 for Paddle-Graphics or
849.95 for Tablet-Graphics to,
On-Line Systems
36575 Mudge Ranch RoodCoarsegold, CA 93614209-683-6858
\lSA, ! \1ST' CllG, COD, CHECK ACCEPTED
look for IIi-Res Football coming soon
HI-RES THE
MYSTERYHOUSE
m-RES ADVENnJRE #1YourAI'I'LE computer becomes your eyes and ears as you enter
Iisp!lok,,·old mansion Insearch of treasu reoYou are in completecontrol as you open cabinets, smash walls etc. Danger Is ever
present IlS you find your co-adventurers being murdered one by
one. Can vou find the killer before the killer finds you'?
• o\'EH A rn 'XDRED HI-RES PICrt:R.ES
• Y0l1{ (JA.\IE MAYBE SA\'ED FOR LATER CONTll\'l],~NCE• IU ~S 0:-': BOTH '18K APPLE I] AND APPLE II PLUS
Hi-Res Adventure ..I is available now at your local computer
store and requtres a disk drive. To order directly send 824.95 to.
On-Ltnc SvstCI11S
3(,)S75~Iudgc Ranch HIme l
Coarsegold, CA 936.14209-683-68..'i8 .\1SA,!\IST CIIG, COD, GIECK ACCEPTED
Look for Iii-Res Football corning soon
ApPLE IIPROGRAMS
VU #1 - VU #2 - FILES ea $54.90BINARY INSERT - ROSTER II 54.90
BROKEN ZILBOWS SERIES $21.45MATCHING PATTERNS II
FOREIGN LANG. DRILL II
WATER THE FLOWERS It
MA TH DRILL I & II II
CATCH THE PIG $16.45
TOUCH TYPING TUTOR $21.45(also in APPLESOFT) !1
APPLE MENU COOKBOOK n
SHOPPING LIST " -DATA ORGANIZER II
BOWLING & TIC-TAC-TOE $21.45KNIGHTS & SOLITAIRE II
APPLE LIGHT PEN $27.95
Prices Incl. Postage & Handling
P RO G R E S S I V E S O F T W A R EP o . BOX 2 7 3
PLY. A T G . ~ p~ 1 9 4 6 2
PA residents add 6% Sales Tax
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 67/85
Cassette Label Program
Printed labels make cassette recordings easy to find.
Now the computer can do the dirty work!
Did you ever have a hard time fin-ding a tape that you thought you
lab led? Are you tired of hearing"Honey, did you see the programI've been working on?" Have youever tried loading a program whenyou forgot whether it was IntegerBASIC, APPLESOFT or Machine? Ifyou answered any of these ques-tions "yes" then this program mightbe the answer to your problems.
My husband and I have sixcassette cases of fifteen tapes eachthat have no real system of labelingthem. While hunting a program thatjust happened to be in the sixth
case Ilooked in, Ihad an idea forthis cassette cover printer program.
I sat down that evening after thechildren and my husband had goneto bed (that's the only time Ican get
the computer) and deSigned thisprogram to use with our teletype.
I discovered that a line of 41characters on our teletype Is equalto the width of the clear plastic of acassette tape case. USing this fact Iwrote this program which when runcreates a printout. The printout isdesigned to be cut and folded to fitthe Inside of the case so that theprogram names are clearly visible.
Program Description
Lines 150 to 190 store your nameand address. Lines 200 to 260 store
the lnslde instruction label. It waswritten for a tape that only has oneprogram per side. This could bechanged to suit your needs. Line 900enables our TIY output routine. Youwill have to change this line to suit
Dawn E. EllisRDS Box 344York, PA 17403
your own printer. Lines 1000 to 1150print the Inside label with the side-A
and slds-B instructions. lined 2000to 2160 print the front cover. Use itas is or invent your own textgraphics cover like Idid on some ofmine. If your printer has a graphicscharacter set, you're really in luck.Lines 3000 to 3030 print the titlestrip. Lines 4000 to 4070 print yourname and address. Line 4900 turnsoff our teletype motor. Line 4910starts you allover again for the nextcover. Lines 5000 to 5040 centers allInputs when they are printed.
I used colored paper for the
cassette covers to make it easier tospot different types of programs.Maybe this program will help youkeep your tapes organized until youwin the lottery and buy a disk!
RA~ FOR 14PES ~lTH ONE": PRINT
SPCC 10); "PROGRAM ON EACH S
I DE"
150 PRINT: PRINT -ENTER YOUR NAM E : .. : I N PUT A sc0 ): I F L EN C
AH a » > 39 THEN 150
''': RE'Yl 160 PRINT "F_NTER FIHSl LINE OF' 339 SPACES LINE ADDRESS:": INPUT A$(l)
70 C$ = "":0$ = "1--------------- IF LEN CAHIl)> 39 THEN
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! " 160170 PRINT "ENTER S~COND LINE OF
3 LINE ADDRESS:-: INPUT A$(2
): I F LEN C.4H2» > 39 THEN
110
180 PRINT "ENTER THIRD LINE OF 3LINE ADDRESS:": INPUT A$(3)IF LEN (A$(3» > 39 THEN
1 0 REM CASSETTE. LA9EL PROGRA:_" l
20 REM BY DAw:\! E. ELL! 5
30 REM RD 8 BOX 3l!L1
40 REM YORK P _ 1 ' . i 17403
50 DI M Ai(9)
60 A$ ....8$ = .t !
100 RE:v l INPUT QUESTIONS
1 10 TEXT . PHI 0: HOME
120 PRINT SPCC 9 );..CA S5ETTE CDV
ER PRI N T ER"
130 PRINT SPCc 13) ; to BY DAWN ELLIS"
140 PRINT . PRINT SPC( 7) ; ••PROG
October 1980 MICRO -- The 6502 Journal 29:65
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 68/85
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
900
99010001010
1020103010Lla
1050
10601070
1080
10901 1001 1 1 0
1120
11301140
11 5020002010
PRINT ; PRI~T Ai(O): PRINT AHI): PRI!'-JT A~f,(2): PRINT A$(
3): PRINT: INPUl "IS lHIS COHREC'f? (Y OR N) ";A$: IF A
$ < :> "Y" THEN 150
HOME: PRINT : PRINT "EN'IERSIDE-A PROGRAM N~~E:u: INPU1
L\$(iJ): IF LE:J (AHiJ» :> 30 ' IHEN 2050
200PRIN1 "ENTER FI:iSr LINE Or 2
LINE INST:": P,JPUT £\$(5)= IF
LEN (A s« 5» :> 3') r H EN 2 1aPHDJT "E:-JTER SI:..CI)!\lDDJE u f o
2 LIN E INS T : .. : I NP U'I A ; I, ( 6): I F
LEN (A H 6» :> 3 ~ THEN 220
PRINT: PRINT "ENTE~ SIDE-B
Pi'{O'3R"I;V]!\"'lE:": INPUT AH'I):
IF LE'\J (Ai-C7» > 30 THBJ 2
30PRINT UE~TEH FIRST LIN~ OF 2
LINE INS1:": INPUT A~H8): IF
LEN (AH8» :> 39 THEN 2LJO
PRIN1 "ENTER SECOND LINE OF2 LINE INS1:": INPUT A$(9): IF
LEN (A$(9» :> 39 THEN 250
P~INT : paINT "SIDE-A = ";Al(iJ): PKI:-JT _A$(S): paINT AH6
): PRINT: Pil.INl "S.IDE-B = ..
;Ai(7): PiHNl A$(Ij): P i!'J1 A
$(9): PRINT: INPUT "IS 1HIS
CORRECT? (Y 0;1 N) .. ; Ai: If,Ai < > .. Y .. 1HEN 2 a 0CALL 768: PRINl : POKE - 162~3,0~ fOR ~ = 1 TO 2000: NEXl
z: Prl:INT : PRINT
REM INS1.QUCTION PAGE:
PRI NT D$;" cur'PRINT B$
PRINT 81;" INSTRUC1ION"
180
PRINT Bl;" Pi\3EH
PRINT Bi
paINT 3$
L\$ ::: .. (SrCE-A)":30SUB5000
5000
5000
5000ASA i-
A$
= A$(L!): .JOSUS= AH5): (JOSUB= A$(6): JOSUB
PR.INT BS
Ai = -(SIDE-B)-: GOSU3
A$ = AS(7): ;JOSUB 500'0
A$ = Ai(8): GOSUB 5000
Ai = A$(9): GOSUB 5000
PHI NT D$; - FOLD"
REM COVEn PAG EPRINT H! A
5000
PPP? P?pp EEEEE ! ..L
2020
2030
2 0 lJO
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
2110
2120
2130
2140
2150
PiUNT "!
P L
p pA AE FRONr'
PRIN1 "! A
E
p p
p L COvER"
PRI~T "!
?? LPRINT "!
L
A PP?PP
EEEAAAAA
E
!t
p
!..
PRINT H!
L
PHt NT" !
LLLLLPRINT "!
A
E
A A
EEE.EE
P P
P p
! Itl
!.."
PRIN1 "!
I I I I I
PR.INT -!
I
PRINT H ,
I
PRINT "!
IPRINT ,.,
I
PRINT" ,
I
PRINT H ,
I I I I I
I I I I I
!..
I!•.
I!..
I!..
I
!H
I!..
I I I II!,.
2160 PRINT D$;" FOLD"
3000 RE M TITLE STRIP3010 A$ ::: "SIDE-A = - + A$-( iJ): GO S U8
50003020 !\$ = "SIDE-B = •• + Ai(']): GOSUB
50003030 PRINT DS;" FOLD-
llOOO REM YOUH NAME . AND ADDRE.SSiJOIO A$ = A$(O): ~OSUB 5000l J020 A$ = _4$( 1): JOSUS 5000
4030 A$ = A$(2): 10SUB 5000
iJ040 A$ = A$(3): SOSUB 5000
4050 PRINT B$
4060 Prl:INT Df;" CUT"Lj07 aPR I :" J T : P R I NT: PH I NT: PIiIWI
4900iJ9105000
5010
5020
5030
5040
PH,f 0: POI{E - 1629 iJ..
1010 200RE~ CENTEKI~G ROUTINE
l = 39 - L E:-J (A:5): Y = IN T
(Z I 2):X = Z - YC$ = LEFT! (9hY + 1) .. Ai +
RIGHT!! (Bii,X + 1)
PRINT C$
RETURN
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 69/85
.,Jr.v OJ>;p :<:"1
OJ:"::
t:Itil ( " 1 1
......
t"lPtT
, II
::Jo
I( PIn
:5. VIpmG') _,
P-1N[1"!
:G['"
tnPtn
. ! > f : r 1;1, r. . . ,...... '1)
n;.~rctrI CJ~:j;p:s
- <OJJ\"";.0 0•
-AX. t ooW
rnwr. t o r~ . . . . . .til
oc
'T'
G
rL
. . . . .
. . . . . .. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . .
'" '" '" * '"> , ' < ' "1\ » :
II '"
1\ '"V > . : <
1\ '"
V '"1\ '"
V '"1\ *V '"1\ *\I *1\ '"II >: <
" **1\ *V '"1\ *II '"
1\ *II *1\ *II '"
" ' "' "' "
II '"
o *: : r : ' "M *:u *;:.0 " "
~ ' "\ > ;<
II '"
o '":;.,) ' "> «Z,'<
Cl '*lTI '"1 \ '"
II
' "' " ' " ' " ' " ' "
1lil1lil1lil@1lil®<Ql@{i)@~
lID ( ! O J ( e i > < ' Q l l l i l
' "o '"o > , ' :
. . . . . . ' ". >: <
*
J>.J;>J>pJ>:D DP P
J;> .J>
J> s » l > l> J;>
u~u "U U 'lJ '1)v 'lJ"ti '1J13 '0
"1J'U. . . . . .
. . . . .. . . . .
'VV't.u'1)'U'U" U '1j
'1 J U"t J 'T J'U'U
. . . . .
. . . . . . r r r r r r rrrrr
f : r 1 [Y' t'1 rr . tr' M f : r 1IT" t ' r 1 rr tf : r 1 t T l tT 1[Y' rr[Y' I ' T 1
0"o::t.<0
rrt:G::0-'
J>'U'0
rmIno'T) , . : s ;- l l >
", J
.DoJ>~ Ll .....
t:J-t/l2.....
riJrrlt:1O;JJ tT 1
:D J > It:J:G;lj.:Il
t r' .. ....
;:;:10r
::0 rr jtT 1£,
C. . . . . .;u[1"!
a
J>'U"tirI'Tl nt n l >o til" T 1 t n
"" 'M_ ,p"'"2~"'
t:' Vl._.r......r-OJ>t:1O:;UUltT'p.....Tlr . z r J >
rr'lJ;.I: ;;:
G
;: u Gl
r : - r J : : L
UPc:3:.. . . . . .
' " ' " ' " ' " ' " ' " ' " ' "'" *>
' *' "' "' "*' "
>: <
' "' " 'D*' "
/,,/
> :<
'" '" '" '" * '" '"'" * >0 <
' " ' " I I ; < ' " II > , ' <
* ' " * * 0'"' " ' " ' " > I < : : . c ' "'" * > I< '" M *'" * * * * ;:0*. . . . * * "'::tJ *'" *0**"<** * 2 . : < * " **b'l!7lffl*M'"
* ! f l c . . ! : 1 ' 1 * * *"'1fIJ>'Jl *l> '" '""'tflOffl > : t ; :u ' " ' "*ffI;X;!:I'I>I<3**
* !:fl'!fI* ***!fl '1:Jl;fI >I < III ***fflO\ft * l > ' " ' "*!fl-l!fl *2"" '""'!fll;fl!fl *t:l *
*> 1< . . . . . .
* ' """ *0-1**' " . . . I I < ' "
* '" '" '" *O C t ' " '" ** '" '" ** > : < " " ' "
* '" O C t ' "
> 0 : ' " ' "
'" '" '" * * '" '"'" II
lID@
@
:0 : ' " ' " '" > I < ' "
;: 0
o
r
r
rr'
::0
. . . .
A
MtrJZrrQobJ. . . . . . ~tnt:: : !
J>~2
+I
, ' "
I
+I
I
+
u.....DZc ; : . tn[Y' _.
:: 0Co
oc~
-o2
n
l>
+I
'" II,
'" I
+
+I
>I I I
I
IIC c I,+
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 70/85
ACJJON. S1JlATEGY. AND FANTASY-.....for the SERIOUS games player
and his APPLE IIBrain Games - 1 demands ingenuity.
Two " layers bombard radioactive material with protonsand electrons until it reaches critical mass and sets up aNuclear Reaction. Dodgem requires you to outmaneuver
another player to get your pieces across the board first.
Dueling Digils and Parrot challenges your ability to
replicate number and letter sequences. Tones lets you
make music with your Apple (16K) CS-4004 $7.95. S'ra'egyGames and Brain Games are on one disk (16K) CS-4503$14.95.
SlTategy Games - 1 keeps games players in
You and your opponent trail around the screen at aquickening pace attempting to trap each other in your
Blockade. A 7 category quiz game will certify you as a
Genius (or an errant knave!). Beginners will meet their
master in Checkers. Skunk and UFO complete this classiccollection (16K) CS-4003 $7.95
KnowYourself t.hrough these vand self-tests.Find outhow your life style effects your Life Expectancy
or explore the effects of Alcohol on your behavior. SexRole helps you to examine your behavior and attitudes in
light of society's concept of sex roles. Psychotherapy
compares your feelings, actions, and phobias to the
population's norms and Computer Literacy tests your
microcomputer savvy. A fun and instructional package
(16K) CS-4301$7.95. Know Yourself and CAl Programsare on one disk (16K) CS-4503 for $14. 95
EYou're in command in Space Gcunes- 1.
Maneuver the TIE fighters into your blaster sights and
zap them with your lasers to save the rebel base camp
from annihilation in Sta' WafS. Rocket Pilot is an ad·
vanced real time take off and landing game. High resolu-
tion graphics, exploding saucers and sound effects add to
the suspense as you repel the Sauce' In"asion. Finally, abonus graphics demonstration, Dynamic Bouncer (16K)
CS-4001 $7.95. Space Games and Sports Games are onone disk (16K) CS-4501 for $14.95
A C T I O NSports Games - 1puts you in the Apple World Series
Take the field in the Great American Compute, Game.Mix up your pitches to keep the batter off balance. Move
your fielders to snag the ball before he gets to first. Balls
and strikes, double plays, force outs, and errors let you
play with a realistic strategy. Also in the line up-Slalom,
a championship downhill ski race, Torpedo AtI.y, and
Darts (16K) CS-4002 $7.95. Space Games and SportsGames are on one disk (16K) CS-4501 for $14. 95
It's easy to order SENSADONAL SOFIWAREforyour Apple II.Send payment plus $1.00 shipping and handling in the U.S. ($2.00 foreign) to
Creative Computing Software, P.O. Box 789-M, Morristown, N.J. 07960. N.J. residents
add S1 .00 sales tax, Visa, Master Charge and American Express orders may be called in toll
free 10 800-831·8112 (in N.J. 201-540-0445),
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 71/85
Dealer Update
Once again MICROpresents a listof dealers for reference. This list isin zip-code order within the U.S. ,followed by Canada and Europe.Only those dealers who respondedto our request for information orthose who have been our dealers forseveral months are presented. If younow carry MICROand are not listed,you will be included in the next up-date.
U_S. (zip-coded)
Programmalics71 Sargent AvenueProvidence, RI 029066502: PET
American BUSiness Computers454 Thames StreetGroton, CT 06340(203) 445-5166Contact: Paul Simard, Ralph Edwards6502: Ohio Scientific
Soft CTRL SystemsBox 599West Milford, NJ 07480(201) 728·12726502: Software and Hardware for the APPLE.
Stonehenge Computer Shop89 Summit AvenueSummit, NJ 07901
(201) 277-1020Contact: Mike Mahoney6502: APPLE, PET, Hardware
Polks/Aristo314 5th AvenueNew York, New York 10001(212) 279-9034Contact: Lewis Polk
Intech.nology (OSI)23 East zorn StreetNew York, New York 10003(212) 673-6310Contact: Hal6502: Ohio Scientific, WP6502, Structured Pro·gram DeSigners
October 1980
JINt Micro Systems, Inc.Box 274Bronx, New York 10463(212) 796-6200Contact: Jim rscaro6502: Software/JINSAM Data Manager
Designers & Builders ofInformation Systems, Inc.One Mayfair RoadEastchester, New York 10707(914) 779·5292Contact: Lee Kupersmith6502: Ohio Scienllflc, peripherals
Berliner Computer Center102 Jericho TurnplkeNew Hyde Park, New York 11040
(516) 775-4700Contact: Bob Berliner6502: APPLE dealer/service cenler, customsoftware department
Computerland of Nassau79Westbury AvenueCarle Place, New York 11514(516)742-2.2262Contact: K. Bub
Mr. ComputerImperial Plaza, Route 9Wappingers Faits, New York 12590(914)297-12.23
Future Distribution, Inc.Trimex Building, Route 11Mooers, New York 12958(514)861-4741Contact: P.H. Faure
Upstate Computer Shop629 French Road, Campus PlazaNew Hartford, New York 13413Contact: Tony Violante6502: APPLE, Commodore, Atari, North Star,Printers, Terminal Furniture, Software, MICRO,Supplies and many services
ComputerlandlPaoli81 E. Lancaster AvenuePaoli , PA 19301(215) 296-0210Contact: D. Reece
MICRO -- Tha 8502 Journal
Personal Computer24·26 W. Lancaster AvenuePaol i, PA 19301(215) 647-8-463Contact: Bob Bryant6502: Alari, APPLE
The Program Store4200Wisconsin Avenue NWWashington, DC 20016Contact: Mr. Daly .
Computerland of Tysons Corner841I Old Court House RoadVienna, Virginia 22180(703) 893-0424
A I Personal/Adventure
178 Oxford RoadFern Park, Florida 32730Contact: Alexis Adams
Turnkey Mini·Computer Systems, Inc.7372 NW5th StreetPlantation, Florida 33317(305) 791·4578Contact: Dan Pincu6502: APPLE and peripherals
Computerland3020 University Drive NWHuntsvltle, Alabama 35805(205) 539-1200
Computerlab627 S. MendenhallMemphis, Tennessee 38117(901) 761-4743Contact: James Watter6502: Hardware, Sottware, books, peripherals,repair
Computerland4579 Great Northern BoulevardN. Olmsted, Ohio 44070(216) 777-14336502: Commodore, APPL.E,Synertek
Computerland1288Som Center RoadMayfield Heights, Ohio 44124(216) 461-12006502: Commodore, APPLE, Synertek
29:89
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 72/85
Computer Solutions1932 Brown StreetDayton, Ohio 45409(513) 223-2348Contact: Harvey Curran6502: APPLE, books, magazines
Computerland Merrillvlll.e19 West 80 PlaceMerrillville, Indiana 46410
(219) 769-8020Contact: Andy, Chuck, Debbie6502: APPLE, PET, Atari
Digital Technology10 N_Third StreetLafayette, Indiana 47901(317) 423-2548Contact: Greg Madder6502: APPLE
New Dimensions in Computing541 E. Grand RiverEast Lansing, Michigan 48823(517)337-2880Contact: Robert Gibbs
Coloma Computer Company190 Paw Paw Street
Coloma, Michigan 49038(616)468-4145Contact: Joseph Johnson6502: Atari hardware and software
Abacus SoftwareP.O.Box 7211Grand Rapids, Michigan 49510Contact: Arnie Lee6502: PET Machine Language guide, TinyPa.scal for PET and APPLE
Home Computer Center2115 East 62nd StreetIndianapolis, Indiana 46220Contact: Sandra McGee
Cyberia, Inc.2330 LincolnwayAmes, Iowa 50010(515)292-76346502: APPLE, Commodore, Sales and Service
Computer Emporium3111 Dougla.sDes Moines, Iowa 50310
etc. Personal Computing6617 27th AvenueKenosha, WisconSin 53140
Faragher Associates, Inc.7635 BluemoundMilwaukee, Wisconsin 53213(414)258-25886502: Ohio Scientific
Byte Shop6019 W_LaytonGreenfield, Wisconsin 53220
ComputerLand1500South Lake StreetMundelein, Ill inois 60060(312)949-1300Contact: Ted Essex
Oak Brook Computer Centre17W 426 22nd StreetOakbrook Terrace, Ill inois 60181(312)941-9005Contact: Bill Colsher6502: APPLE and compatible hardware andsoftware
29:70
Data Domain of Schaumburg1612 E. Algonquin AoadSchaumburg, Ill inois 60195(312) 397-8700Contact: Steve Shendelman6502: APPLE products
Cornputerl.and136Ogden .AvenueDowners Grove, Ill inois 60515(312) 964-77626502.:APPLE, Mounta.in Computer, DC Hayes,Level I Service
The Computer Store3515 Auburn StreetROCkford, Illinois 61103{312}962-7580Contact: Clyde Person6502: APPLE and Ohio Scientific
Ill inois Computer Mart, lnc,1114W_Main StreetCarbondale, Ulinois 62901(618) 529-BYTEContact: Craig Martin6502: APPLE II sales, service, programs
Computer Country
235 Dunn RoadFlorissant, Montana 63031(314) 921-4434Contact: Jim Carroll6502: PET, KIM, APPLE, software
Computer Country808 Olive StreetSI. Louis, Montana 63101(314) 231-1101Conlact: Charles Tutt6502: PET, KIM, APPLE, software
Computer Country4479 Lemay Ferry AoadSI. Louis, Montana 63129(314) 487-2033Contact: Greg Kirkpatrick6502: PET, KIM, APPLE, software
Computers ASP, Inc.7115 NW Barry RoadKansas City, Missouri 64152(816) 741-80136502: APPLE II, accessories
Personal Computer Center3819 W 95th StreetOverland Park, Kansas 66206(913)649-5942
High Technology of Wichita1038 West PawneeWichita, Kansas 67213(913) 262-0315Contact: Richard Bowman6502.:APPLE II sales, service, software_ PET
sales and software, Atarl sales and software
Computers Plus5970 Broadway BoulevardGarland, Texas 75043(214)840-1383
A & L Data Systems, Inc,190 Lomax StreetIdaho Fal ls, Idaho 83401(208)529-3785Contact: Larry LBrown6502: Author ized sales and service dealer forAPPLE, North Star, NEC Printers, AnadexPrinters, Soroc Terminals, and a complete lineof f loppies, along with al l re lated suppUes.
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
Home Computers1775 E . Tropicana 1 12
Las Vegas, Nevada 89109(702) 7~363Contact: Ike Jordan6502: Commodore CBM, APPLE, Aterl, andassociated peripherlals
Malibu Mlcrocompuling23910 A De Ville Way
Malibu, California 90265
Computer Forum14052 E. Firestone BoulevardSanta Fe Springs, California 90670(213)921-2111(714) 739-0711Contact: Mike Nel l6502: APPLE, PET, SYN1, Software, Repair,Books, Magazines
Byte Shope5453 E. Stearns StreetLong Beach, Cal ifornia 90815(213) 579-77716502: APPLE, PET,CBM, and peripherals
Computer World3808 West Verdugo
Burbank, California 91505(213)848-5521Contact: Joan Halleror Stuart Mil ls
Silver SpurElectroniC Communication co,3873 SChaefer Avenue Suite FChino, California 91710(714) 6.27-9366
Computermart of California315 C Diamond Bar BoulevardDiamond Bar, Cal ifornia 91765(714) 598-7505Contact: Dave Glawson6502: APPLE, PET, Atart, Software, Books
Computerland Castro2272 Market StreetSan FranCisco, California 94114
Sunset Electronics588 San Mateo AvenueSan Bruno, Cal ifornia 94066(415) 588-9705
Sunset Electronics2254 Taravel StreetSen Francisco, California 94116(415) 665-8330
Computerland of Sacramento1537 Howe Avenue Suite 106Sacramento, CA 958.25Contact: Terry E_Bradley
Smell Computer Systems3149C Walalae AvenueHonolulu, Hawaii 96818
Camera and Computer Emporium, Ltd.921 SW MorrisonPortland, Oregon 97205(503) 228-5242Contact: Harry Sweeny6502: APPLE, Peripherals, Software
Camera and Computer Emporium, Ltd,Holly Farm Mall16144 S_E_McLoughlinMilwaukie, Oregon 97222(503)659-9191
October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 73/85
The Computer Connection3100 NW Bucklln Hill RoadSilverdale, Washington 98383(206) 692-36116502: APPLE authorized dealer
Ye Olde Computer Shoppe, lnc.1301 George Washington WayRichland, Washington 99352(509) 946-3330
Canada
The Computer Shop3515 18th Street S_W_Calgary, Alta.T2T 4T9Canada243-03016502: APPLE, PET, KIM
TJB Microsystems, t.td,10991 124 StreetEdmonton, AlbertaCanada T6M OH9Contact: Jim Nerkerson6502: Commodore PET, APPLE
McKay svstems Corp., Ltd_The Byte Shop2151 Burrard StreetVancouver, B_C_V6J 3H7
Canada(604) 738-2181Contact: Don McKay6502: APPLE, Atari, North Star, r.i,CentroniCS, and software
Compumar1411 Roosevelt AvenueOttawa, OntarioK2A H2Ganada(613) 725- 31926502: PET,APPLE, KIM
Home Computer Centre6101 Yonge StreetWillowdale, OntariOM2M 3W2 Canada(416) 222-1165
Europe
Microtronic DataprodukterBox 401184 00 AkersllergaSweden0764/65460
Contact: G_Berglund6502: OSI
ElincomOosterkade 699503 HR StadskanaalThe NetherlandsContact: J. Hovius
Market ing Trim ABBox 10031
S-100 55 StockholmErik Dahlbergsg 41 - 43Sweden 08-61 22046502: AIM-65, Cornpuklt, Acorn,Memory Boards, Books, MagaLines
Portable Mlcrosystems, Ltd.Forby House, 18, Market PlaceBrackley, NorthantsEngland, NN13 5SF0280 - 702017Contact: Mike Ayers6502: AIM-65
/
RUN YOUR CLASSIFIED
WITH MICRO
A classttted ad In MICROWill bring your product/serviceto the attention of thousandsof readers. These ads are plac-ed in clusters throughout themaqazlna, Nowhere else willyou find such a bargain onclassified ads. An ad inMICRO only costs $10.00 perlnsertlon, Please limit theseInsertions to six typewrittenlines. (Absolutely no morethan 40 words,) You may in-dicate a title Hne In addition tothe body of the ad. The com-pany name and address will beset at the end of the ad and arenot considered In the bodycount. These ass must be pre-paid and received before the'end of the month precedingthe month of publication. (Nolater than October 31 for theNovember Issue. A'ds receivedlater tttan the required datewill be placed in the nextlssue.) Be SEEN!n MICRO.
APPLE OWNERS-NO DISK? .
Wan't to store and retrieve1iles on
tape? Create your own file struc-
ture, search, sort and more. Send
$19_95 for tape and instructionmanual, or send $1.00 for addi-
tional In1'ormation_ $1.QO aPlllliedtoward purchase. 32K + Applesofti n ROM required.SUPER SOFTWARE GO.P_O. Box 684
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
BE YOUR OWN ASTROLOGER
Impress your friends. Two BASIC
programs for PET (8K or more).
ASCALG calculates six attribut.es
Including Rising Sign. Over one-
hal·f millIon combinations.
DAY/HOUR calculates planetary
hours, etc. 43 page bool< gives in-
tsrpretatlcns. NO. AST - T2-001$15.95. 0)\ res. add 6%.
ACCESS
P.O. Box 8126
Ro~land Heights, CA 91748
OHIO SCIENTIFIC
IN STOCK
SUPERBOARD 118K BASIC $299.
CHALLENGER lP8K RAM 399.
CHALLENGER 1P Minifloppy 1250.
C4P Cassette Color 8K RAM 750_
C4P Minifloppy 24K Color 1795.
C8P Expandable 8K RAM 950.
C8PDF Dual8" Floppies 32K 2895.
C20EM 48K Dual8" Floppies 2799_
C30EM 48K Triple Processor 3995.
C3S1 Dual 8"Floppies 48K 4095.
C3A 48" Cabinet C3 5995.
DSK-5A 5ft Desk for C20EM 300.
AC-3P 8&W 12"TVlVid. Mon. 129.
AC-15P 12"Color Monitor 475_
AC-9TP Centronics Tractor Ptr - 1250.ACll P 300 Baud Orig. Ans. Mod. 199_
AC-14 NEC Spinwriter55cps 2795.
AC-5A Okidata HS LIne Ptr. "2950.
S-120Soroc Serial Video Term. 995.
CA-9 Centronics Paralleiinterf. 175.
CA -10-22 RS232 Seri« I Ports 175.
CA -1296 Line Para Ilel I/O 12.5.
CA-14A Votrax Voice Synthes. 399.
4KP 4K Expansion Kit of 2114's 49.
CM-2 4K Expansion Mem for DOOO 129.
CM-3A 16K low Power 2Mhz 8d 399_
CM-648K Dynamic Ram 1Mhz 549.
CM-9 24K steuc RAM 2114s 450.
CM-tO 8K Static RAM D&E Addr. 198.
610-8K Supbd 8K Exp & Disc Ctl 298_A TV Microverter to Modulate TV 35.
505 B Upgrade Disk COr CPU bd 275.
540 B ector Video Board 200.
510 C Upgrade to C3 CPU's 600.
470B Upgrade Floppy Control ler 175.
C730 Centronics 730 Parallel Prt 899.
At t ime of preparation, all of the above
items were in stock except those marked
with an •.
FREE ATV
MICROVERTER
With purchase of an 8KCHALLENGER 1P
Limited Quantity - First 25 Customers
cnrn P U TE A SHO PU nio n N ff Cambndge
Rle 168 288 Nortolk SI.
6 03 -4 73 -2 32 3 ( ne ar M .I .T .)
661·2670
sosion590 Cammo Av e
( ac ross f rom S.U.)
247·0700
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 74/85
Up From the Basements
There are always problems and growing painsassociated with anemerging market. TheOhio Scien-tific market is no different. The most serious threat Isee to the healthy expansion of that market is soft-ware piracy. Wholesale software piracy could bepar-ticulary damaging. If that occurs, the responsibilityfor the damage will fall on both end-users anddealers, and the effects will injure us all,
Because the Ohio Scientific market is orientedvery much toward vertical-market applications, it isparticularly vulnerable to the ill effects of softwarepiracy. Also, since this market is in its infancy, itlacks the maturity and economic pressures that keep
the CP/M market balanced.
For those of you unfamiliar with the term "verticalmarket," it is a vertical segment of the over-allbusiness market that can becharacterized by a par-ticular need. For example, all automobile dealers, aspart of their business, handle flnanclnp, and autofinancing may beconsidered a vertical market withinthe over-all financial market which cuts across alltypes and sizes of businesses. A computerizedfinance program could appeal to a range of different-sized automobile dealers, which might other wise re-quire special-purpose software. Ohio Scientific, withits high-performance, low-priced hardware, has suc-ceeded very well with programmers who are in-
terested in writing their own software for such ap-plications.
Dealers and end-users who have been successfulwith a particular vertical-market package are Juststarting to advertise their packages in various tradejournals and through mailings. Their experience willlargely determine the future health and quality of in-dependent Ohio Scientific-based software. If theyfind their packages are routinely pirated by others,then they are unlikely to return to the marketplacewith a package of similar quality. Furthermore, if adealer or end-user purchases a package that doesnot meet his expectations or, worse yet, finds that hecan't get support from the vendor once he receives
the package, then the dealer or end-user is going tobe much more cautious about entering themarketplace again.
Software piracy is already occuring on a largescale. One of the most widely advertised, indepen-
dent Ohio Scientific-compatible software packageswas not written by its vendors. The software pur.chaser already hasbecomesomewhat wary,becauseof the spotty quality of software and supportavailable from the factory and from factory-supported software vendors. If software availablethrough independent channels fails to improve on
29:72
that situation, there just won't be much of amarketplace for software.
So here we sit with a burgeoning marketplacewhich has the potential to support very high-qualityapplications software. On the other hand, themarketplace could shrink to include only very low-priced software of questionable utility, with the
quality software eventually going to other machines.
As an end-user, there are several things that youcan do. The first is: refuse to copy for another user
any software you may have purchased. The secondis: insist on original copies of a/l software and
documentation that you purchase. Original copieswill generally include some sort of license form andserial number. For your own protection, you shouldalso insist on knowing who the authors of the soft-ware are and what sort of support you can expectfrom both your dealer and the original vendor of thesoftware. Though the market is still young, there isno reasonwhy quality software should not also havequality documentation. Too often, authors are more
proficient inwriting code than they are in writing theEnglish language. However, if the marketplacedemands a particular quality of documentation, youcan be sure that software vendors will do their bestto conform to that standard. If you ever suspect thatyou have received a pirated copy, you should makeevery attempt to contact the authors. In case yourdealer fails at some point to provide the support youneed, that is really the only way to protect your in-vestment.
Steps are now being taken by vendors as well. Themost significant is the formation of an independentcorporation, by several of the larger distributors ofOhio Scientific hardware, to distribute software and
nurture the market to maturity. Though this organiza-tion is still in its natal stages, I have high hopes thatit will be a strong force working in the Interests ofboth the software vendor and the software pur-chaser. It will be able both to prevent and prosecutethe software pirate and also serve as a resourcecenter for software vendors and software pur-chasers. Inaddition, the new organization will insurethat high-quality software will include high-qualitydocumentation. It will also answer questions fromend-users and dealers concerning installation of thepackages that it offers.
If the new software corporation is assuccessful asI hope, and end-users realize the value of a strong, in-
dependent software market and work to make It hap-pen, I am convinced that Ohio Scientific computerswill live up to their potential as the most cost-competitive machines available today. Excellentsoftware is being written all across the country forthese machines, for every conceivable application.With the proper encouragement and a healthymarketplace, it won't be long before we all have ac-
cess to it.
Jeff Beamsley
TheSoftware Federation, Inc.44 University Drive
Arlington Heights, IL 60004
MICRO-- The6502Journal October1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 75/85
Subscription: One Year = 12 issues. Circle correct cate-gery and write-amount in space provided.
Surface:
United States $15.00
All Other Countries
Air Mal l:
Centr.al America
Europe/SQ. America
All Other Countr ies
"BEST of MICRO Volume I"
SurfaceAir Mail
$18.00PO Box 6502
Chelmsford, Mass 01824
617·256·5515$27.00$33.00$39.0(') $ .
"The BEST of MICRO Volume 1" contains all 01 the lrnpor-
tant material from the first six. ISSues of MICRO in bookform.
"The BEST of MI'CRO Volume 2" contains all oi the Impor-
tant material from th~ second slx issues [#7 to 12] of
MICRO in book form.
"All of MICRO Volume 2" is all six issues of Volume 2.issues 7 to 12, at a s'pecial reduced price for a limited timewhite supplies last.
$7.00$10.00 $ , ..
"BEST of MICRO Volume 2"Surface
Air Mall
"All of MICRO Volume 2"
SurfaceA ir M all
$9.00$13:00, $ .
$9.00$1300 $. -
Back Issues:
Surface @ $1.75 each
Air Mail @$2_75 each
Surface @ $2.25 each
Air Mail @ $3.25 each
Issues 7 to 12; No. $ ... '" .......
Issues 13 on: .. _ , , ....•........• $ - .......o.
All payments must be In US dollars.
Ma~e checks payable to: MICROFore.ign payments in International Mon-ey Order or cash.
TOTAL $ ....... ~ ....
If you are a subscriber, attach label or write subscription number here: _ ..................•............................ , ...
Name: . "', .
Address: , _...............••.•.....•. _ .
State: Zip:
Country (if not U.S.): . , _ , ; .. , , , , , .. , .
Help MICRO bring you the- info you want by cornpletlnq this short questtonnatre.
Mierocomputers OwnedJPlanning to Buy: AIM SYM KIM PET APPLE OSI Other: _ " ...• _. _' ..........• , ~ , , ,
Peripherals Gwned/Planning 10 Buy: Memory Disk Vioeb Printer Terminal Other: r •.• , •••.•• , ••••• ,
Microeomputer Usa!1le: Educational Business Personal Control Games Other: .....•..................•... , ........•........
Languages Used: Assembler 'BASIC FORTH PASCAL Other: . . . . . _......• , ...• , .• , . . , ,.
Your comments and suggestions on MICRO:. ,. _ , . , ..•..... ~ ....• , , , . , ..•..•... , •... ,~ .~ .
Club/Group User Registration Form
Name: President: __. _ .
Location: ................•.....•..................................•...............•..............•.................. , , .
No. of Members: .....•......................................................... __......•.....•................................
Meettng algorithm (date, time, place): .......................................•......... , .......................................•
- ••• - ••• - • - - ~ ~ •••••••• , ••••••••••• , • •••••••••••••••• , ••••••••• 4 •••••• t •• 4 ••• 1 .
Publica-lions: , .
-- .. - " - " - ' . - , , .
Aim/Purpose of the group: , ..........................• , . " _ .. . , .
- - . - - - .. - , ~ .
For CUrrent Information, Contact, .................................•..•..........•...........•......................... _
. , , ~ ~~ ' , , ~ .
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 76/85
Software/Hardware Catalogue Entry
Do ycu have a settware or hardware package you wantpublicized? Our Software and Hardware Cataloques offer agood opportunity to reeeive some free advertisement. Theseregular features of MICRO are provided bctlt as a service toour readers and as a service to the 6502 industry which is work·Ing hard to develop new and better software and hardware pro-ducts for tlie 6502 based system. There is no charge for
listings in these catalogues. All that is required is'that materialfor the listing be subrnttteo In the listing format. All informa·tion should be mcluded, We reserve the right to edit and/or reo[set any submission. We might not edit the description thesame way you WOUld,so please, be brief and spectttc.
Name: .
Systerru. . ....................•. : ..........•..•..•..........
Memory: , , ........•...................
Language: . , " .
Hardware: , ........•.........
Descrlptlon: , ' ....•............ , , ..
. . , . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .- . . . .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..~~~~ . . . .Copies: . , , , .
Pri,ce:., , .. , .....•. , , .
Author: .. , .. , , .
Available from: ,..•...................................
Classified Ad
Classified ads provide an economtcal way to announcenew products or sales promotions, generate product interest,enhance vlslblllty and jsrornote good will. MICRO clusterslarge format classified ads at high impact locationsthroughout each issue. Because ctassttleds represent a ser-vice to readers, MICRO must restrict each advertiser to asingle, six-line insertion per issue. The rrorninal $10 charge
reflects our preparatlon costs and must be prepaid.
DesJ':ription: .
Name: ~ , .
Address.: .
Oity.Stata: Zip:
Other
If you are interested in Writing for MICRO, becoming aMICRO dealer or advertiSing in MICRO, please indicate belowand the information will be mailed to you.
Dealer Information Package: o
Advertiser's Media Package: 0
MICRO Writer's Guide: o
FirstClassStamp
P.O. Box 6502
Chelmsford, MA 01824
....... ~ ~ , ~ , , ~~ .
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 77/85
The MICRO Software Catalog: XXV
Software announcements for the 6502 based systems~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Name: CRYSTAL CAT.
System: Apple II, Apple II Plus
Memory: 32KLanguage: Machine
Hardware: Disk 1 1Description: With this program you
can type "BRUNC" instead of
"CATALOG" in order to: display allfile names at one in alphabetical
order - fast! Allow just 2 or 3keystrokes to run any file, showbinary addresses and lengths, show
hidden control characters, show
free space on disk, and more,operate with 1 or 2 drives using DOS
3.1 or 3.2. The program is completely
relocatable; it can be run in any free
5K block of memory.
Price: $19.95Includes: Diskette, operating in-
structionsAuthor: Daniel J. HughesAvailable: JOel LectricWare, Inc.
P.O. Box 9140
St. Louis, MO 63117
Inventory Program
Apple II, Apple II Plus48K (Firmware Card on
Apple II)
Language: Applesoft, AssemblyHardware: 2 disk drives, 132 col-
umn printer
Description: Maintain a complete in-ventory on up to 800 items. Every
category included to backorder aswell as LOC, Coast and aTY on
order. Generates search reports,
keeps a running account of what
was sold YTD and much more. A
must for inventory control or daily
inventories.
Name:
System:Memory:
October 1980
Price: $140.00 with complete
manualAuthor Gary E. HafterAvailable: Software Technology
for ComputersP.O. Box 428
Belmont, MA 02178
ON· LINE DATABASEApple II, Apple II Plus,
Language SystemMemory: 48K
Language: Applesoft, MachineLanguage
Hardware: Disk II
Description: An extremely fast andeasy to use database system. Fullscreen editing during data entry or
updating. Holds binary file pointers
in memory to reduce disk access toa minimum. Allows user definitionof searches and sub-sorts based on
fields and sub-fields in the data
records. Automatically prints fulldata screens, user defined reports,
and mailing labels.Price: $100.00
Author: Mike DhueyAvailable: Blue Lakes Computing
438 N. Frances
Madison, WI 53703
Name:System:
Name: R.F. Power Amplifier
DeSign
Apple II with Applesoft
II firmware card or Ap-ple 1 1 Plus, with 48K
RAM48K
Firmware Applesoft
This set of programs
System:
Memory:
Language:
Description:
MICRO -- The 8502 Journal
Mike RoweP. O. Box 6502
Chelmsford, MA 01824
allows the user to design A.F. Power
Amplifiers through the use ofMlcrostripllne, or conventionallumped constant methods, One canselect either reslstlve.or reactive im-
pedances for interstage or tran-sistor matching, respectively. All
standard dielectric constants for
standard P.C. boards are supported.Microstripl lne fil ters, spl ltters/corn-
biners, and resistive matching net-works can also be designed using
this program. All schematics are
shown in High Resolution Graphicswith labels to show component
location and value.
Price: $69.95Includes: Diskette, Description
and Examples
Author: David A. GlawsonAvailable: Computermart of
California
315C Diamond Bar
BlvdDiamond Bar, CA91765
- - ~ - - - ~ ' - ~ - - -ame: ContestSystem: Apple II, Apple II Plus
Memory: 32K RAM-ROM Ap-
plesoft, 48K RAM(disk)Applesoft
Language: Applesoft
Hardware: Apple II, single drive.Appleclock, printed
desired but optionalDescription: DeSigned for anyamateur radio operating contest.Provides not only logging contacts
with other amateur operators, but inthe fast-paced contest quickly tellsthe operator whether he has worked
a particular station before. Handles
29:73
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 78/85
up to 900 contacts. Operatorspecifies call sign, signal report and
section. If he has worked a par-ticular station before, the programwilltelJ him immediately and placehim back in beginning entry modeagain. Many other features.
Copies: Just released
Price.: $14.95 cassette oruser provided diskette.
$19.95 on author sup-plied diskette. Specify
Applesoft ROM orRAM.
Autho~ AI JensenAvailable: Al Jensen
19111 First Avenue
Seattle, WA 98177~""""~ . . . . .
PLOTApple II, Apple II Plus16K
AppJesoft
Apple II with Applesoftin ROM or Apple IIPlus
Description: PLOT will graph virtual-ly any function in HIRES graphics. Itfeatures automatically scaling ofthe v-axts , use of builtih functions,
and the ability to graph up to 5 func-tions on one set of axes. Built in fun-tions include ABS, SIN, COS, TAN,INT, SGN, and many more.Copies: Just releasedPrice: $9.95
Author: Joe VerzulliAvailable: Softpoint
Dept. A103 Clinton AvenueTerryvi lie, NY 11776
Name:System:Memory:
Language:
Hardware:
-----ame:System:Memory:
language:
Hardware:
SYMBOLAIM-554K or moreAim-55 Assembler
AIM-55 Assembler,with cassett
Description: Saves paper by making
assembly list i ng s unnecessary.Allows user to find a specific sym-bol, step up, step down, and list
table to printer/display. Alsocalculates total number of symbols
and total RAM required for table inHEX. Uses F3 key and $EOOto $FFF.Copies: Just releasedPrice: $6.00 obj only, $12.00
obi and sr c. Will
customize program for$10.00 extra
Author: Doug Kaynor
Available: Software Experience
308 NE 24th AvenunePortland, OR 97232
29:74
PolyMan
Apple II, II Plus48k & ROM Applesoft
54k & Language Sys.Language: ApplesoflHardware: Disk II, printer optionalDescription: Allows interactivemanipulation of twenty polynomials
of degree less than 21.. Add, sub-tract, multiply, divide, find all realand complex roots, integrate, dif-ferentiate, evaluate at real or com-
plex point, and graph between reallimits with automatic scal.ing ofgraph and annotation of extrema.Save and recall graph flies and
database files on disk. Display orprint coefficients or roots, input byroots or coefficients.
Copies: Just releasedPrice: $24.95 plus 4.5 %tax
in Ohio
Diskette and manual
R.obert RennardSmartWare2.281 Cobble Stone Ct
Daylon, Ohio 45431
Name:
System:Memory:
Includes:
Author:Available:
Name: Apple WorldSystem: Apple H , PlusMemory: 48Klanguage: 5502 machine code
Description: .AppJe World is a new3-D hires graphics package for the
Apple II computers that promises tomake drawing figures in three
dimensions easier than ever. Is atext-editor base and is easy for
anyone to us. Includes color, text-editor input, and user oriented input(no subroutines to calll).Copies: 500Price: $59.95 plus $5.00 s&h
Includes: 32 page instruction
manual, system diskAuthor: Paul LulkusAvailable: USA
750 Third AvenueN.Y. N.Y. 10017
-----Name: The Conditioning life
DynamicSystem: Apple IIMemory: 48 KLanguage: Applesoft, MachineHardware : Apple II, Disk 11Description: This disk adds up to along, intense look at conditioning,motivation, positive and negative
reinforcements, etc. Deals with con-
ditioned values, effects, responses,attitudes, beltets, and motivations.
Centers on five programs. Oneallows you to condition a Hi-res
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal
mouse to perform up to 200 sequen-tial responses. You'll love the
games, and learn from them as well.Copies: ManyPrice: $15.95
Includes: Disk, game cardAvail.able: Avant -Ga rde C re a-
lions
P.O. Box 30161 MCCEugene, OR 97403
Name: C1 Cassette DalaBase Manager
System: OSI C1 BASIC-in-ROM
Memory: 16K or moreLanguage: BASICHardware: None special
Description: A data base manager
for cassette based systems, Goodtor maintaining. mailing lists, articleor slide lists, etc. Save and read to
tape, find, sort,lisl, add to file,
delete from fHe, and change file en-try are all supported. High speed
sorts are used.Copies: Just releasedPrice: $15.00 on cassette,
ppdAuthor: Mike CohenAvailable: Orion Software
Associates147 Main Street
OSSining, N.Y. 10552
-----Data Factory 3.0This is a revised listing
of the package aspresented in IheAugust issue.Apple
48K RAM, ROM card,language Card
language: Applssott
Description: A data base file pro-gram of unique utility. It can modify
one of its own existing data bases
by adding or deleting fields, cnano-lng the order of fields, or changingIhe!ieldlengths without having tore-enter your data. This is just one ofthe many time and money saving
features that makes this program sopowerful! Can never overload your
diskette; the program informs you ofyour free disk space when enteringdata. Many teaturesl
Price: $100.00Includes: Disk, manual and pro-
gram
Author: WUliam PassauerAvailable: Andenl, Inc.
1000 North Avenue
Waukegan, IL 50085
Name:
System:Memory:
October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 79/85
Autodialer IIAPPLE IIProgram -9KData Statements 10K
Language: ApplesoftHardware: APPLE II, APPLE II
Plus with D.C. HayesMlcromodem II
Description: Comes with over 100phone numbers built In that can bedialed automatically by themicromodem
II.Each number can
have up to 14 lines of information(text). Micromodem parity,word length, transparency, lowercase mask, and duplex set at thetouch of a key. Manual dial entrytoo!Price:
Name:System:Memory:
Author:Available:
$15.00 (diskette ortape)Bill HydeModular SoftwareP.O.Box 12883SanAntonio, TX 78212
H-EDIT 1_5APPLE II32K ROM Applesoft.48K with either RAMorROM Applesoft(specify which)
Language: Applesoft, MachineLanguage
Hardware: APPLE n , APPLE IIPlus, Disk II, Printeroptional
Description: H-Edit is a 'mini' texteditor which provides the user withthe ability to create, read and up-date moderate size text files. It is aline-oriented text file editor used tospeed up certain edit functions andpermit any type of character input. Itwill provide you with the ability tocreate or read those 'EXEC' filesthat, heretofore, were a nuisance towork with. Easy to use. Comes withinstruction booklet.Copies: Just releasedPrice: $16.95 Diskette, plus
$1.50 p&h, first classSystem diskette, andbookletABC Software
2802 Claude DoveLas Cruces, New Mex-ico 88001
Name:System:Memory:
Includes:
Available:
Name:System:Memory:Language:Hardware:
STATISTICAL
APPLE"48KApplesoft BAStCDisk drive, optionalprinter
Description: A comprehensivestatistical analysis package foreconometric work including muttl-pie linear regreSSionof up to sevenvartabtes- each can be laggedbyupto fifteen periods. Correlation withfifteen period lag. Seasonalanalysis - deseasonallsing andsmoothing of series. Data can bestored, amended, updated and pro-cessed in arithmetic progrm beforeanalysis. Handles both monthly andquarterly data.Price: $69.00 disketteAuthor: JUlian Knight
Tripont Assoc ..Systems Consultants,Sunderland, England
Available: B.W.ArdinTheWhite HouseHutton GateGuisborough,ClevelandEngland
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
FILEWRITERAPPLE II, APPLE IIPlus2K (plus DOS & op-tional RAMApplesoft)
Language: Applesoft 11Hardware: Disk II, Printer op-
tionalDescription: Allows you to writerandom-access disk files with aminimal effort. It has many safe-guarding features sothat it is veryhard to make a mistake. It allowsyou to enter commas into your lines.TheCTRL-Ocommand allows you touse the options the program pro-vides. A machine language versionwill soon be available.Price: $20.00 (Inc!. p&h)Includes: Diskette, documenta-
tion, instructionsS. GrimmThe Video Stop23492 Belaire Ct.Los Gatos, CA 95030
Name:System:
Memory:
Author:Available:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Software Catalog Entries
Entries to this catalog should be sub-
mitted in the above format. Only onelisting per company, per month. Entries
submitted in other formats or that are
too lengthy in the description portion.
will be rejected. This catalog Is providedfree of charge and is on a first come -
first served basis. Address any inquiries
to:
MICRO Software Catalog
P.O. Box 6502
Chelmsford, MA 01824
PROQRESSIVE COMPUTER SOFTWARE
P 405 Corbin Rd., York, Pa. 17403
(717) a.5-4954
C SOFTWARE - HARDWARE - SYSTEMS
CUSTOM PROGRAMMING
SAP PL E & H.D E
* ** * * *TEMA II:
The latest in a series o[machine language program
development r o c r s [or the
APPLE. TEMA-2 is 8 mach-
ine language debugging aid
d e s iq n e d 10 run exactly
like the main'lrame debug
programs.
With TEMA-2 yOU candisplay or change the content
01 any register or memory
t o c a t t on : display the last 4
stack locations; JSR to any
s u b r o u t t n e - Without any
Interfence to the user prog-
ram t r o w : The d l r e c t mode
a r s o allows display for<'1at
test ing and finding ASC II orhex strings 01 up to 256
c h a r a c t e r s . A TEMA command
editor c h ec k a all inputs.
Complele with TEMA' 2
Tr ain e r I in Ap p l e sc f t or Integer)
on disk. 10f $49.95. HOE
version coming soon.
Write for complete catalog.
SPEECHRECOGNITION
FOR THEROCKWELL
AIM-6S
Introducing COGNIVOX SR-100.
16 word vocabulary. up to 98%
recognition rate. Connects to
application port. includes mike,
cassette with software and manual.
Requires 4K RAM on your AIM.
Breakthrough price only $119 (CA
add 6% sales tax). Order direct
from·
VOICETEKP.O. Box 388 Goleta. CA 93017
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 80/85
6502 Bibliography: Part XXV
703. (conl'd) Compute II, lssue 1 (AprilIMa.y 1980)
Schwartz, Daniel, "Machine Language Tapes for 05.1Challengers," pgs. 52·53. ..
Routines to enable the C1 computers to store machine-
languages on tape.
Hawkins, George W., "Songs in the Key of KIM," pgs. 52-53.
Several song lables are given for Richard Martin's "Four
Part Harmony" on the K'IM.
Carlson, Edward H., "Fast Tape ReadfWrite Programs lor
Your OSI," pg. 56.
A complete listing lor the KC last tape Read for the OSI
computers.
704..Abacus 2, Issue 3 (March 1980)
Banks, Guil, "Fresh 0.0.5.," pgs. 2-3.This routine allows the user to replace a crashed DOS on
a diisk without disturbing the data on the other tracks.
Anon., "Restore LN," pgs. 3-4.
This subroutine for the APPLE does a 'restore LN' where
LN is a user-supplied line number.
Anon., "Computer Equivalents Chart," pg. 5.
A chart to help with binary and hex arithmetic; APPLE'listing.
Davis, James P., "Truth Tables," pg. 6.
An interesting set of relationships on logic statements.
Davis, James P., "Programs," pgs. 7-8.
A series of short routines for the APPLE.
Crossman, Craig, "Fun with Assembler; An Assembly
Lan guage Tutori al,' pg s. 9-1:1.
A tutorial.
Anon., "System Configuration," pg. 11.
.A program toligure out what cards are in your APPLE
slots.
705. Dr. Dobb's Journal 5, tssue 5 (May, 1980)
Barker, Lee, "Help with OS'I's CPM," pgs. 36·37.
A modified listing 01 the OSI ten routines that corrects afew problems.
706. Nibble 1, No.2 (April, 1980)
Micro-Sparc Staff, "Low Resolution APPLE Shape-Writer,"
pgs. 7·8, 46·47.
A program to assist in APPLE graphics.
Anon., "Quick and Easy," pg. 11.
Bring those decimals into line, for the APPLE.
Anon, "Short and Sweet FHe Names," pg. 11.
A time and space saving routine.
Anon., "How to Build and Wire Joysticks," pgs. 12-13.
Joysticks for the APPLE, a 'hardware article.
29:76
Dr. William R. Dial438 Roslyn AvenueAkron,OH 44320
707. Call - APPLE 3, No.3 (MarchlApril 1980)
Reynolds, Lee, "Multiple Dimension Arrays in Integer
BASIC,'" pgs. 7-11.
Extend the utility of your Integer BASIC lor the APPLE.
McVay, Ray, "Integer BASilC Post-Edltor," pgs. 13·16.
An Wegal statement writer lor the APPLE.
Dunmire, Darrell, "Personify," pg. 17.Personalize your disks with this routine which prints overthe label 'disk volume.'
Huelsdcnk, Bob, "Making BASIC Behave," pgs. 18·19.
Several usetul routines lor the APPLE.
Throop, Wayne, "Auto-Number for Applesoft," pgs. 20-24.
A convenient utility which can be used with Applesoft
BASIC on the APPLE.
Golding, Val J., "Modifying the Program line Editor Escape
Table;" pg. 24. .
Define your own key functions with this routine.
Golding, Val, J., "Menu," pgs. 26·27.Use letters to call up your menu Items with this APPLEutility.
Winston, Alan B., "The Multi·lingual' APPLE," pgs. 28·29.
Three listings for Pascal users.
Pilloff, Hersch, "Stock Market Data Retrieval on The Source,
pgs. 30·31.
Discussion of commands and procedures for using UPI
UNISTOX on THE SOURCE with the APPLE.
Aldrich, Ron, "Ron's DOS Command Finder," pg. 31.
Program to print DOS commands and addresses on the
APPLE.
Golding, Val J., "Benchmarking the Micros," pgs. 33·34.
In eight benchmark programs, the APPLE averaged faster
speed than most other micros. I'll another case, Integer
BASIC showed up a hair laster than an IBM 3701115 main-
frame.
Beck, Maj. Peter M., "Shape Display Utility," pg. 39.
A useful graphics utility for the APPLE.
Gibbs, Terrell T., "Do a HPLOT of Page 2," pg. 41.
How to do HIRES animation by switching from pape 1 topage 2 on the APPLE. .
Flanagan, Dale, "Lower Case for APTYPE,." pg. 42.
Changes to allow the APTYPE program to be used on AP·
PLEs equipped with the Paymar chip for lower case.
Stadfeld, Paul, "A Bug in the Autostart ROM," pg. 42.
A fix for a microbe in the ROM.
708. The Apple Orchard " No.1 (March/April,. 1980)
Cross ley, Joh n, "A pplesoft Internal Entry Points," pgs.12·18.
The initial issue of the new Apple Orchard publication of
the International Apple CNe contains very good articles,
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal October 1980
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 81/85
many of which have been abstracted before in thisbibliography. This article on the Applesoft entry points isone of several reference sources contributed by AppleComputer.
Hyde, Randall, "Connecting with the USCD BIOS," pgs.25·33.
An APPLE Pascal utility.
Stout, Bob, "Software Development Tools for the Apple II,"pg.l.
From the Apple Barrel. The first of a series of articlesdealing with tools for the Apple. This one deals with adebugger.
Crosby, Mark L ., "Shaping Upwith the APPLE II," pgs. 37-45.
listings for two utilities, SHAPE DESIGNERand SHAPE
ASSEMBLER.Contributed byWashington Apple Pi.
Hyde, Randall, "Conver1ingBrand X to Work with Brand Y,"pgs.47A8.
There is BASIC and then there Is BASIC, but the twainshall meet.
Deegan, W. Curt, "APPLE Typer," pgs. 62·65.
Two utilitias, APPLE Typer and Trim Print, as well asTyper II, contributed byApple Gram.
Hyde, Randall, "Converting Integer BASIC Programs to
Assembly Language," pgs. 67·71.A tutorial on Assembly language contributed by Ap-plesauce.
Wurzel, Bill, "The Language System - The APPLEGrowsUp," pgs. 74·77.
All about Pascal, contributed by Washington Apple Pi.
Deegan, Curt, "Hex·ASCII Memory Dump," pgs. 79-80.
A utility for the APPLE,contributed by Apple-Gram.
Rivers, Jerry, "DOSTidbits," pgs. 83·86.
Notes on disk files for the APPLE,contributed by Apple-Gram.
Suitor, Richard F., "Disk Bootstrap without ROM," pgs.95·96.
A utility for disk users, for the APPLE. Contributed byNEATNotes.
Knevels, Paul, "The APPLE Rumor Mill," pg. 96.
Suggested Op-codes for a microprocessor. Contributedby Apple-Gram.
709. NW Suburban Apple User Group Newsletter 1 (July 1979)
Russ, John, "A Real-TimeClock Display for the Apple Using
the Mountain Hardware Board," pg. 1.A machine program with explanations of the clock
works.
710. NW Suburban Apple User Group Nwslt 3 (August 1979)
Lyle, Guy, "Memory (AndOther ThingsWhich I Forget," pgs.1-5.
An instructive article on the APPLEMemory.
Russ, John, "Hello There!" pg. 5.
A graphics program for the APPLE.Alpert, Dave, "Dave's Peeks," pg. 8.
How to read or use editing controls on long cataloglistings that scroll off the APPLE's screen.
711. 73 Magazine, No. 236 (May 1980)
Smith, Bill, and Williams, Rich, "Breakthrough I - A Com-puterized Antenna Rotator," pgs. 86·94.A ham radio utility using the KIM-1.Hardware and listing.
712. Apple Peel 1 No.2 (Sept 1979)
Jenkins, Jerry, "Maxwell Character Generator," pgs. 4·5.A useful new graphics utility for the Apple.
October 1980
713. Apple Bits (Apri l, 1980)
Wysocki, Tom, "Program PageList," pg. 4 _A machine language APPLEutility.
Kovalik, Dan, "Taking the Mystery and Magic Out ofMachine Language," pgs. 7-8.A program to allow APPLE users to select any of theavailable text or graphics modes by pressing only one key
rather than typing in a command or doing a poke.
Martie, Ed, "Investing a Different Way," pg. 11.Use your APPLE to improve your chances at the track -can be very practicable!
714. NW Suburban Apple User Group Newslt (Sept. 1979)
Russ, John, "Formatting Numerical Input and Output," pg.1-3.
Dress up the numbers or dollar/cents reporting in your
program.
715..NW Suburban Apple User Group Newslt (October 1979)
Hartley, Tim, "Disk Volume Modification," pg. 6.On the APPLE, how to replace "Disk Volume XXX" with
"Tim's Disk #XXX."
716.73 Magazine No. 236 (May 1980)Walker, Bill, "VHF Signal Diffraction," pgs. 56-57.Let your APPLEshow why your hamsignal may not bethebest with the highest antenna.
717. NW Suburban Apple User Group Newslt (Nov. 1979)
Tapper, Rick, "Creating a Shape Table," pg. 1.
Russ, John and Russ,Chris, "Screen Access In HiRes," pgs.3-4.A tutorial on graphics programming.
718. Washington Apple Pi 1 No. 10 (Nov. 1979)
Crosby, Mark l., "Kaleido-Shape," pg. 8.A shape-drawing graphics program for the APPLE.
719. NW Suburban Apple User Group Newslt (Dec. 1979)Allen, Earl, "Applesoft Error Handling Routines," pgs. 1·9.
Examples using the ONERRstatement on the APPLE.
Anon., "Control Character Locator," pg. 9.HereIs a neat routine on the Apple to find hidden control
characters.
Alpert, Dave, "Dave's Peeks," pg. 10.Locations In the APPLE Monitor for the prompt sign,HIMEM, LOMEM.Program pointer, Speed,etc.
720. Interactive Issue No.1 (Apri l 1980)
Anon., "Using EPROMSin AIM 65," pg. 3.Helpful hints for using EPROMSin the AIM.
Anon., "AIM-65 Application Notes," pg. 4.
A list of eight Application Notes published by Rockwellfor the 6502JAIM65.
Anon., "AIM 65Symbol Table Routine, " pg. 4.
Here is a short relocatable routine that will assist in ob-taining a symbol table from an assembly.
Boisvert, Conrad, "A Couple of 6522 Applications Notes,"pg.9-10.
Generating long Timed Intervals, Generating a 1 HZ
SquarewaveSignal.
Editor, .. TIY TIP," pg. 12.
Notes on USingthe AIM·65at terminal speedsof 2400and
above.
MICRO -- The 6502 Journal 29:77
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 82/85
65028502A6520 , PI A!1522 VIA
6532
211H450
211H3002716 E P R O M
4 11 6- , DO ns R AM
6550 RA M ( PE T S K I
21Un5 ·1 00 W ire W ra p
S-100 Solder Tall
7.45 10 @ 6.95 50 @ 6~55 10 0 @ 6.15
840 10 @ 7 .9 5 5 0 @ 7.35 1110@ 6.90
5 .15 10 @ 4 .90 50 @ 4 .45 H IO @ 4.156.90 10 @ 6.7051) @ 6.15 100 @5.50
7.90 10 @ 7.40 50 @ 7.00 lUO@ 6.60
415 20 @ 4 .4 5 1OO@!4 .1 55 .9 5 2 0 @ 545 100 @ 5,1021.00 5 @ 19.00 10 @ l 1700
7.00 6 @ 6.25
1210,9 0
$2.85 10 @ 2.65
$2.35 10 @ l 2.15
DISKS(wrile 10'quantity ,pricelll
SCOTCH 8" Disks . 10{$31 ,00
SCOTCH 5 ' 1 , ' " Oisks 10{$31.5O
Verbatim 5Y'" Dis~s . . -.. . 10/$24,50
DiSkel1e 5to ,age Pages .... . . . . . 1O{$ 3.95
Disk Lib,ary Cases .. 8"'· $2.95 5" - .$,2.15
BASF5W' Dis~s . . -. 101$ 25.00
BA5F 8" Disks. 10{$,27.oo
INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL )IlA T A R I , ' " " ]<)0 ;'1' ,O OlOC , 4';- M''',1\20''aOFF \"
COMMODORE PET-CBMW rite or c all for Q uo tes
NEW B016/32 80 Column Screen
NEW 8050 950K Dual DriveEDUCATIONAL DISCOUNTSAVAILABLE
f i l l A P ProcIucD15 'Mo OFF
PET 4 V oic eM u s I C System
Zeni jh Z ·1 9
KlM·1
SYM·1
K TM 2 /8 0
liledeX M o o J I O f
tIIIrIIIa: 131
AUbooks 15% Off
CASSETTESAGFA PE-611inS screw housingG -' 0 10/5.65 100/48,00
G ·2 0 1016.45 100 /5 7 .0 0
c-SO lOn.30 100166.00
A ll other lengths
available. Wrile for
price nst.
$60$170
$ ! 5 9
$209
$349
5129
$8001
j-....--.--'.'..
A \RITE FOR CATALOGAdd $1.00 per prepaid order for US shipping (UPS)
115 E. Stump Road
A B C a m p u t e r s Mo ntqorriervvi lie. PA 18936
(215) 699·5826
DYES I wan t to learn hew 10 g .~ t • n e most O lJ Lc t my Appl e. $H1d me a one year!9,1,JtJ.:s<j,ipt!on. I n cl os -e $ 1: 1' _
NAME: _
AO!>RESS: _
CrrY STATE __ ZIP-. _PHOm' _
o NO, I a lr eady kno'f t II an, til..1 eend me e IrEH! lsa.mple 01 nEi"x l Issue.
3e:ru;l check or m,dl1e~ (Jii:lsf to: Appl.e ShOPP'f I. 'P,O. eo:il. 70'. Pljicentlll!, ell. !l~670. or car! (7~4) 996-0.441
FLOPPY DISK ALTERNATIVE
PETIBETA-1
FLEXIBLE DATA MANAGEMENT .•. MICRO-PROCESSORCONTROLLED BETA·' UNIVERSAL TAPE DRIVE BY MECA••.•PERIPHERAL OEVICE WITH COMPLETESOFTWARESUPPORT
SPEED
STORAGE
OPERATING
SYSTEM
FILE
CONTROL
Loillis and saves·It4800 baud. Seeksal 100",_
• transfers at 4800 ba
• 500K storage per dri
• complete hardware a
software system
Meca's digital tape provides tfeatures of dJskplus gives ymore storage and costs Je
LOAD AND SA.V'E AT HIGH SPEED
Ellm inate lhose piles of cassettes cluttering up vour Iite. Org
iled 0n a sin gIe casset te, you r pTasent eoltecnon of programs
comes IInamed program library. You load and save any progra
in seconds, ,ins-tead of minutes. In addition to fast , convenien
reliable prog.ram storage, huge amounts of textual and numer
data can be acceued quickly and easilv. With up to two me
bylas on line, programs lor mailing lists and business records
practical.
This is a comp Ie"hl $V Slem , J.ust plug it in and go. Addit.ional so
ware is available.
Each BETA·! drive stores 525.000 bytHar 126 named programs Or
files an • single cassene. hplnds 10 four d ,ives-IWO megabyles
,2 4 commands. 21 error me. .ages. 2 user·delined commands-fUllY
compatible with PET BAS IC. Resides in only 4 I(-abb,ev iated 2K
version, OOotstrllP loader, lit romable
Named liles. di' ~lor ie-s, program chaining and merging. M'queoti.1 and
random __ files, lield8,nd 'Ko,d definitions, and more ...
BETA.! DRIVE, PET/BETA·! OPERATING SYSTEM, MANUAL ... $555.0
ADDITIONAL SETA-1 SLAV,E DRIVES ..... .. .. .. .•••.•••.•. 310.0
MA NUA L lapp Iicable 10 pureh i I S O I ! • . . .. . .• . . .. . . .• • • . • •• • • • • .• 10.
. , . 1 I i. I ii ~ ~, .i !I t~ "1 8111 " ! !! ll lI :l Ci Il ! I Ii !C . •• & l dl : II I
•• ; 1 - : " .. 1IiII'III!. tI III TA •
•• . . {I ! !! II1[" ' '' ' '' !l l II iI ,. , . .. . I !IHl, iI.. 1 I ' ' ' 1 I I 1 I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 1 ! 1 IIII!!:.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 83/85
OURNALof
Running Light Without Overbyte-
$21/1 Year- $3912 Yearswelve Times Per Year
Recent issues have included:
ZX65: Simulating a Micro
Indirect Addressing for the 8080 and Z80
A Z-80 Circuit for the H-8
A Small C Compiler for the 8080's
The C Programming Language
What you see is what you get.
To subscribe, send your name and address to Dr. Dobb's Journal,Department V4, Post Office Box E, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
We'll bill you.
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 84/85
The ONLY 'PLUG IN AND GO' VIDEO BOARD for Boththe Beginning and the Sophisticated System Builder!
FEATURES
ASK VIDEO PLUS II 1M Software EPROM
Fully AIM, SYM. KIM, Compatible. WerKs withMonitors, BASIC, Editors. Observes all StandardProgramming Conventions.Supports AIM keyboard. upper and lower case, orany ASCII keyboard.Fast Scrolling and Flicker-tree OperationASK Software fully supports all VIDEO PLUS II op-tions.
BENEFITS
Instant Video Display CapabilitySimple cable connection provides for easyinstallation, and Immediate use: simply 'plug inand go.' Standard Options are available to meetuser's requirements for future major system im-provements.
VIDEO PLUS II Hardware
EPROM Character Generators provide fer128 Character Set with 2716 EPROM,or 256 Char.acter Set with custerner furnished2532.Programmable Character SizeSelective Character BlankJUnblankImproved Keyboard InterfaceReverse Video
Display requirements may be tailored to meetactual application requirements on an individualbasis. User may specify character set, height,
width and spacing in accordance with specific ap-plication display and man/machine requirements.2000·4000 characters Of l imited, high resolutiongraphic screen displays.
VIDEO PLUS II supports major systemenhancements which can significantly extend aproduct's life cycle. Any combination 0f optionsmay be specified. Additional capability may beadded to meet changing application requirements01 planned product line improvements.
VIDEO PLUS II Additional Capabilities
Up to 2K Display RAM, 2K Program CharacterGenerator6502 stano-atone OperationsACIA Communications Provision
Handles RS 232 and 20MA Current TIVloop.Programmable baud rates, 50 to 19.2K baud.
VIDEO PLUS II - Provides Unexcelled Cost/Performance
STANDARD BOARD - $295.00 Includes: ASK VIDEO Software EPROM, Character Generator EPROM (~716),RAM 1K, Configuration DIP Switches (24), and CRT Controller. Options: Additional 4K RAM -$50.00. 6502 Stand-alone Options - $20.00. Communications Option - $35.00.
DEALER and OEM QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE
All prices shown are US and Canadian only, and are exclusive of shipping charges and applicable taxes. Other improvedproducts lnctuoe MOTHER PLUS II, PROTO PLUS II, A PLUS II, and AIM PLUS n. Volumes shipments for all PLUS II pro-ducts commence Oct. 1, 1980. For more information contact:
8/3/2019 Micro 6502 Journal October 1980
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micro-6502-journal-october-1980 85/85
providing the designer, systems integraterand serviceman with detailed hardwareinformation. Ohio Scientific is offeringqual ified OEM users its principal disk
operating system (08-630 V3.2) whichsupports multiple languages, mini-floppies,8" f loppies, printers, modems and otheraccessories in documented Source Codeand machine readable form which can bereassembled on standard OSI computers.This gives the product developer theultimate flexibility in integratinglhesecomponents into his total system design.
Cost Effective Systems f'orthe
Microcomputer OEM.Ohio Scienti fic has been bui lding smallbusiness rrucrocornputers and personalcomputers since the beginning of themicrocomputer revolution. Most Ohio
Scienti fic products incorporate a busarchitecture util izing modular circuitcards mated to a rnultt-slot backplane.Ohio Scientific's 48 signal line bus isdesigned to effectively marry the versa-t il ity and modularity of bus architecturewith the economies of consumer productsproducing an ultra-low cost yet reliablesystem. Many industrial users of micro-computers recognize the economy andversatil ity of Ohio Scientiflc's modularcomputer boards and util ize these boardsand subsystems as well as customerswho purchase complete computersystems on an OEM basis.
Ohio Scientific'sNew OEM Program
Ohio Scienti fic now recognizes theimportance of the OEM marketplace andis introducing a complete program for theboard level OEM user as well as thesystem OEM. The program starts with ourstandard products including three CPUboards, a : broad range of static anddynamic memory boards, mini and 8"floppy disk controllers, printer controllers,multiple RS·232 port boards, a hard diskcontroller, and video lntertace withoptional keyboard. Backplanes with two,four, eight or sixteen slots are available.
These standard products are now beingsupplemented by a broad range of
products specifical ly for the OEM user.including:
• New universal telephone interfaceboard which has auto-dial capability,
auto-answer capability, tone encodingand decoding, answer and originate 300baud modem and voice I/O via taperecorder or optional phonetic voiceoutput system.
• New calendar-clock with several monthbattery backup capabil ity which can beprogrammed to automatically restartthe computer or shut off the computer atset times. The circuit board alsoincludes automatic power-fail restartcapability.
• Instrumentation quality high speed,12-bit analog AID - O /A module with a16·channel input multiplexer and two
12·bit D /A converters.• A large range of parallel interfaceoptions iJlclUding circuit cards contain-ing 48 paral lel ItO lines.
• New scilderless prototypinq board whichconnects to the computer systemand al lowsrapid prbtotypJng of newinterface ideas _ .
• System PROM blaster whichaccepts 8Kthrough 64K bit industry standardEPROMS and a universal EPROM-ROMcard.
• A card edge extender, bus analyzer andbus compatible breadboards.'
Documentation
All of Ohio Scientific major circuit boardsare now fully documented by HowardSams (the originator 01 the Sams Photo-tact series for Consumer Electronics)
servicing manuals which includeblock diagrams, schematics,detailed pictorials, parts place-ment diagrams and parts lists
Best of allls the Price
Because of Ohio Scientific's hundreds ofthousands of boards per year volume forthe consumer and small business market,these products cost a mere fraction of the
corresponding LSI·l1, SBC or S-100 busboards. This economy allows you to uti lizea floppy subsystem in your product at atotal cost typically less than an EPROMbased system from other vendors.
Ohio Scientif ic's reasonably priceduniversal telephone interface and voiceoutput capabilit ies allow you to integrateadvanced telecommunications, remotecontrol capabilit ies arldlor unlimitedvocabulary voice response in yoursystems at the same price as a "barebones" implementation with other busarchitectures.
Easy to Start With
Getting started with the OSI bus architec-ture is now easy with documentation, offthe shelf availability, and economicalcomputer systems for In-house softwaredevelopment using Assembler, BASICFORTRAN or PASCAL Ohio Scientific'snew OEM contract provides easy to startwith terms and generous volumediscounts.
For more information and the name andphone number of your local OhioScientific OEM representat.ive call1·800·321·6850 toll free. Please specify