Lang Level Rec Track Time EnglishIta 1 1 1 0:01 Introduction. How to use this course.Ita 1 1 2 0:01

Ita 1 1 2 0:57 English words ending in -ible end in -ibile in Italian.Ita 1 1 2 0:59 possibleIta 1 1 2 1:12 it isIta 1 1 2 1:17 It is possible.Ita 1 1 2 1:26 it is notIta 1 1 2 1:29 It is not possible.Ita 1 1 2 1:38 for meIta 1 1 2 1:44 It is for me.Ita 1 1 2 1:52 It is not for me.Ita 1 1 2 1:59 It is not possible for me.Ita 1 1 2 2:10 for youIta 1 1 2 2:18 for herIta 1 1 2 2:23 It is for you.Ita 1 1 2 2:29 It is not for me.Ita 1 1 2 2:35 It is possible for you.Ita 1 1 2 2:44 To ask a question use inflection.Ita 1 1 2 2:49 Is it not possible for you?Ita 1 1 2 3:00 why?Ita 1 1 2 3:12 becauseIta 1 1 2 3:15 Why isn't it possible for you?Ita 1 1 2 3:35 like that / that wayIta 1 1 2 3:52 It is like that.Ita 1 1 2 4:03 It is not like that.Ita 1 1 2 4:10 It is not possible for me that way.Ita 1 1 2 4:33 I'm sorry.Ita 1 1 2 4:41

Ita 1 1 2 5:02 I'm sorry butIta 1 1 2 5:10 I'm sorry but it is not possible for me that way.Ita 1 1 2 5:35 English words ending in -able end in -abile in Italian.Ita 1 1 2 5:39 probableIta 1 1 2 5:45 It is not probable.Ita 1 1 2 5:54 English -ly is -mente in Italian.Ita 1 1 2 6:01 probablyIta 1 1 2 6:05 possiblyIta 1 1 3 0:01 lateIta 1 1 3 0:08 It is late.Ita 1 1 3 0:16 veryIta 1 1 3 0:24 It is very late.Ita 1 1 3 0:34 moreIta 1 1 3 0:38 laterIta 1 1 3 0:42 I wantIta 1 1 3 0:52 IIta 1 1 3 0:54

Ita 1 1 3 1:13 to knowIta 1 1 3 1:22 I want to know.Ita 1 1 3 1:33 I don't wantIta 1 1 3 1:42 I don't want to know.Ita 1 1 3 1:59 whereIta 1 1 3 2:03 I want to know where is ...

Italian language: Similarities to English. A few thousand words are very similar in English and Italian so vocabulary is not a problem. The important thing is to learn how to formulate your own thoughts using the language, i.e. structure, which you will get here.

'mi dispiace' means 'it displeases me', 'to me it displeases'. It is usually followed by 'but'.

You don't need 'io' because the verb ending in -o already expresses 'I'. If you use 'io', you put emphasis on 'I'.

Ita 1 1 3 2:12 'Dove è' contracts to 'dov'è'.Ita 1 1 3 2:24 how muchIta 1 1 3 2:29 I want to know how much it is.Ita 1 1 3 2:51 to buyIta 1 1 3 2:58 I want to buyIta 1 1 3 3:07 the thingIta 1 1 3 3:15 I want to buy the thing.Ita 1 1 3 3:28 the same thingIta 1 1 3 3:42 I want to buy the same thing.Ita 1 1 3 3:55 I don't want to buy the same thing.Ita 1 1 3 4:15 the sameIta 1 1 3 4:22 I want to buy the same.Ita 1 1 3 4:36 But I don't want the same thing.Ita 1 1 3 4:50 you wantIta 1 1 3 4:56 Do you want the same thing?Ita 1 1 3 5:09 What do you want?Ita 1 1 3 5:53 What do you want to buy?Ita 1 1 3 6:42 hereIta 1 1 3 6:49 What do you want to buy here?Ita 1 1 4 0:04 someIta 1 1 4 0:06 somethingIta 1 1 4 0:18 Do you want to buy something here?Ita 1 1 4 0:43 Why don't you want to buy something here?Ita 1 1 4 1:09

Ita 1 1 4 1:34 I want to know.Ita 1 1 4 1:45 itIta 1 1 4 1:48 to know itIta 1 1 4 1:52

Ita 1 1 4 2:32 I want to know it.Ita 1 1 4 2:46 to buyIta 1 1 4 2:53 to buy itIta 1 1 4 2:56 I want to buy it.Ita 1 1 4 3:05 I want to know how much it is because I want to buy it.Ita 1 1 4 4:09 ifIta 1 1 4 4:17 expensiveIta 1 1 4 4:25 It is very expensive.Ita 1 1 4 4:35 It is not very expensive.Ita 1 1 4 4:42 I want to buy it if it is not very expensive.Ita 1 1 4 5:16 too / too muchIta 1 1 4 5:24 It is not too expensive.Ita 1 1 4 5:29 I want to buy it if it is not too expensive.Ita 1 1 5 0:01 to haveIta 1 1 5 0:11 I want to have it.Ita 1 1 5 0:22 whenIta 1 1 5 0:28 'when' is 'quando' and 'how much' is 'quanto'.Ita 1 1 5 0:32 When do you want to have it?Ita 1 1 5 0:58 you canIta 1 1 5 1:08 You can have it ...Ita 1 1 5 1:23 if you wantIta 1 1 5 1:33 if you want to have itIta 1 1 5 1:53 nowIta 1 1 5 1:56 'ora' means 'hour' as well as 'now'.Ita 1 1 5 2:08 I want to have it now.Ita 1 1 5 2:32 if it is possible

Instead of 'vuole' in the spoken language, you can use 'vuol': 'Cosa vuol comprare?' or 'Cosa vuole comprare'?

sapere + lo: 'lo' gets hooked onto the verb to form 'saperlo'. All verbs in Italian end in -re (-are, -ere, -ire). If you want to hook on something, you hook it onto the 'r', dropping the 'e'.

Ita 1 1 5 2:48 at what timeIta 1 1 5 2:54 At what time do you want to have it?Ita 1 1 5 3:06 You can have it now if you want.Ita 1 1 5 3:36 a-b-l-eIta 1 1 5 3:40 probableIta 1 1 5 3:42 acceptableIta 1 1 5 3:57 It is not acceptable for me.Ita 1 1 5 4:09 I'm sorry but it is not acceptable for me that way.Ita 1 1 5 4:51 I want to know why it is not acceptable for you that way because it is very good.

Ita 1 1 5 4:56 goodIta 1 1 6 0:08 I think / as far as I am concerned / according to me / in my opinionIta 1 1 6 0:23 in your opinionIta 1 1 6 0:30 As far as I know / As far as I see / In my opinion it is very good that way.Ita 1 1 6 1:05 I amIta 1 1 6 1:17 readyIta 1 1 6 1:24 I'm ready.Ita 1 1 6 1:33 soonIta 1 1 6 1:41 right awayIta 1 1 6 1:46 I'm ready right away.Ita 1 1 6 2:01 ready (feminine)Ita 1 1 6 2:11 I'm ready soon.Ita 1 1 6 2:27 It is ready.Ita 1 1 6 2:35 It is not ready.Ita 1 1 6 2:40 he is / it is / she is / isIta 1 1 6 2:50 to stayIta 1 1 6 3:01 I stayIta 1 1 6 3:07 The -o ending is for 'I'.Ita 1 1 6 3:12 he/she/it stays, you stay (he/she/it is staying, you are staying)Ita 1 1 6 3:14 The -a ending is for 'you, he, she, it'.Ita 1 1 6 3:20 I stay here.Ita 1 1 6 3:26 He's staying here.Ita 1 1 6 3:32 'sta' is for 'he's staying, she's staying, it's staying, you're staying'.Ita 1 1 6 3:39 how longIta 1 1 6 3:59 How long are you staying?Ita 1 1 6 4:19 How long are you staying here?Ita 1 1 6 4:48

Ita 1 1 6 5:55

Ita 1 1 6 6:10

Ita 1 1 6 6:22

Ita 1 1 6 6:44

Ita 1 1 7 0:01 I want to see.Ita 1 1 7 0:08 I want to see it.Ita 1 1 7 0:17 'lo' means 'it' and also 'him', 'la' means 'her'Ita 1 1 7 0:23 I want to see her.Ita 1 1 7 0:30 'you' and 'her' is the same: laIta 1 1 7 0:33 I want to see you later.Ita 1 1 7 0:57 a littleIta 1 1 7 0:59 a little laterIta 1 1 7 1:14 I want to see you a little later.Ita 1 1 7 1:45 busy

Verbs are very important because if you know how to use verbs you know how to use the language.

Any word in front of which you can place the article 'the' is a noun: the happiness, the condition, the situation

An adjective is any word in front of which you can place 'am' or 'is': am proud, am happy, it is possible

A verb is any word in front of which you can place 'to': to go, to see, to have, to be

The basic form of a verb in English is 'to ...'. This is expressed in Italian in the ending -re: parlare (to speak), mangiare (to eat), partire (to leave, to depart), capire (to understand), vedere (to see)

Ita 1 1 7 1:48 because I'm busy nowIta 1 1 7 2:12 to speakIta 1 1 7 2:19 I want to speak Italian.Ita 1 1 7 2:27 I want to speak Italian with you.Ita 1 1 7 2:41 Do you want to speak Italian with me?Ita 1 1 7 2:58 Why don't you want to speak Italian with me?Ita 1 1 7 3:18 I'm sorry but I cannot speak with you now.Ita 1 1 7 3:33 'I can' is 'posso', 'you can' is 'può', 'he can, she can' is 'può'.Ita 1 1 7 4:11 because I'm very busy nowIta 1 1 7 4:30 but I can see you a little laterIta 1 1 7 5:04 if you wantIta 1 1 7 5:15 to eatIta 1 1 7 5:28 I want to eat now.Ita 1 1 7 5:41 What do you want to eat?Ita 1 1 7 5:58 What do you want to eat now?Ita 1 1 7 6:16 Do you want to eat something now?Ita 1 1 7 6:40 Why don't you want to eat now?Ita 1 1 8 0:01 I eatIta 1 1 8 0:33 he eats / she eats / you eatIta 1 1 8 0:44 For verbs ending in -are: -o for 'I' and -a for 'you, he, she, it'Ita 1 1 8 0:55

Ita 1 1 8 1:04 to goIta 1 1 8 1:12 to seeIta 1 1 8 1:20 to comeIta 1 1 8 2:06 I speakIta 1 1 8 2:12 you speak / he speaks / she speaksIta 1 1 8 2:33 I seeIta 1 1 8 2:42 you seeIta 1 1 8 2:52 to takeIta 1 1 8 2:57 I takeIta 1 1 8 3:00 you take / you're takingIta 1 1 8 3:07 I'm taking it.Ita 1 1 8 3:16 You're taking it.Ita 1 1 8 3:22 Why don't you take it?Ita 1 1 8 3:31

Ita 1 1 8 3:57

Ita 1 1 8 5:29 I amIta 1 1 8 5:33 I am eatingIta 1 1 8 6:00 I don't speakIta 1 1 8 6:15 Yes, I speak Italian but I don't speak French.Ita 1 1 8 6:28

Ita 1 1 8 6:52 I don't eatIta 1 1 8 7:03 I'm not busy.Ita 1 1 8 7:22 I'm not eatingIta 1 1 8 7:27 I don't eatIta 1 1 9 0:01 to prepareIta 1 1 9 0:06 I prepare

We have three types of verbs: -are (mangiare, parlare, andare), -ere (vedere), -ire (partire, venire). All verbs can be divided into two tracks: verbs that end in -are and verbs that don't end in -are. For 'I' you usually have an 'o' on both tracks. For 'he, she, it' and 'you' on the -are track, use 'a' (parla). For the other verbs, use 'e' (vede).

In English there are three ways to express the present tense: I take it, I do take it, I'm taking it. In Italian there is one way: lo prendo.

In modern English you use 'do' and 'don't' for questions and negatives and you use the progressive tense with -ing. In the English of Shakespeare and of the King James Bible, English was much closer to the Italian verb forms.

In speaking it's very important to observe 'traffic signals' and not to go through the 'red light', i.e. -ing, 'do' and 'don't'. They are not used in Italian.

Ita 1 1 9 0:13 I prepare it.Ita 1 1 9 0:24 I am preparing it.Ita 1 1 9 0:32 I don't prepare it.Ita 1 1 9 0:37 I am not preparing it.Ita 1 1 9 0:46 to haveIta 1 1 9 0:52 I haveIta 1 1 9 1:00 you haveIta 1 1 9 1:06 Do you have something for me?Ita 1 1 9 1:22 What do you have for me?Ita 1 1 9 1:35 I'm hungry.Ita 1 1 9 1:58 Are you hungry?Ita 1 1 9 2:05 Do you want to eat something now? Are you hungry?Ita 1 1 9 2:30 Don't you want to eat?Ita 1 1 9 2:35 Aren't you hungry?Ita 1 1 9 2:49 to drinkIta 1 1 9 2:55 I drinkIta 1 1 9 3:04 you drinkIta 1 1 9 3:13 What are you drinking?Ita 1 1 9 3:23 'cosa' expresses the question, so use of inflection is not necessary here.Ita 1 1 9 3:33 thirstIta 1 1 9 3:39 I'm thirsty.Ita 1 1 9 3:50 I'm thirsty and I want to drink.Ita 1 1 9 4:15 isIta 1 1 9 4:28 andIta 1 1 9 4:31 Do you want to speak Italian with me?Ita 1 1 9 4:55 What do you eat?Ita 1 1 9 5:06 What are you eating?Ita 1 1 9 5:21 to do / to makeIta 1 1 9 5:37 What do you want to do?Ita 1 1 9 6:07 Do you want to do it?Ita 1 1 9 6:24 Why don't you want to do it now?Ita 1 1 10 0:01 I canIta 1 1 10 0:07 you canIta 1 1 10 0:14 I'm very sorry but I cannot do it now because I'm very busy now.

Ita 1 1 10 0:50 I can do it later if I have the time.Ita 1 1 10 1:14 to stayIta 1 1 10 1:18 I stayIta 1 1 10 1:25 I'm busy.Ita 1 1 10 1:41 tiredIta 1 1 10 1:49 I'm very tired now.Ita 1 1 10 2:14 the houseIta 1 1 10 2:18 the thingIta 1 1 10 2:25 somethingIta 1 1 10 2:30 at home / homeIta 1 1 10 2:37 tonightIta 1 1 10 2:41 eveningIta 1 1 10 2:50 I'm tired. (masculine)Ita 1 1 10 2:56 And I am staying home tonight.Ita 1 1 10 3:11 to stayIta 1 1 10 3:26 I'm tired (feminine) and I am staying home tonight.Ita 1 1 11 0:01 tomorrowIta 1 1 11 0:04 tomorrow eveningIta 1 1 11 0:08 tomorrow morningIta 1 1 11 0:14 tomorrow afternoonIta 1 1 11 0:25 The present tense in Italian is used very much because it is also used to express

the future.

Ita 1 1 11 1:00 I see you tomorrow.Ita 1 1 11 1:13

Ita 1 1 11 1:39 to goIta 1 1 11 1:50 I go / I am goingIta 1 1 11 2:01 you are going / he is goingIta 1 1 11 2:25

Ita 1 1 11 2:46 to callIta 1 1 11 2:51 I callIta 1 1 11 2:55 I call youIta 1 1 11 3:09 I call you later.Ita 1 1 11 3:25 I call you tomorrow.Ita 1 1 11 3:57 I'm going to see it. (I'm going out / I'm on my way to see it.)Ita 1 1 11 4:13 I'm going to see it tomorrow.Ita 1 1 11 4:32

Ita 1 1 11 5:06 I'm going / I'm on my way to buy it.Ita 1 1 11 5:41 I will buy it tomorrow.Ita 1 1 11 6:14 I'm buying it now.Ita 1 2 1 0:08 to stayIta 1 2 1 0:15 I'm stayingIta 1 2 1 0:20 I'm staying home tonight.Ita 1 2 1 0:31 Are you staying home tonight?Ita 1 2 1 0:44 How long are you staying?Ita 1 2 1 0:54 to leaveIta 1 2 1 1:01 I'm leaving tomorrow.Ita 1 2 1 1:07 At what time are you leaving?Ita 1 2 1 1:34 Why don't you want to leave with me?Ita 1 2 1 1:53 Why can't you leave with me?Ita 1 2 1 2:18 to comeIta 1 2 1 2:23 Why can't you come with me now?Ita 1 2 1 2:41

Ita 1 2 1 3:20 I'm going to eat.Ita 1 2 1 3:24 He's going / you're going / she's going to eat.Ita 1 2 1 3:37 Why can't you come see it with me tonight?Ita 1 2 1 4:09 I mustIta 1 2 1 4:16 to have toIta 1 2 1 4:21 you mustIta 1 2 1 4:32 You must come with me.Ita 1 2 1 4:35

Ita 1 2 1 5:05 You must speak Italian with me.Ita 1 2 1 5:17 to waitIta 1 2 1 5:26

Ita 1 2 1 5:58 to expect meIta 1 2 1 6:11 to understandIta 1 2 1 6:22 to understand meIta 1 2 1 6:32

Ita 1 2 1 6:46 Can you understand me?

In English you have two ways to express the future: 'I'm going to see you tomorrow' and 'I will / shall see you tomorrow'. In Italian you cannot use 'going' to express the future.

When you want to say 'I'm going to call you tomorrow', in Italian you say 'I call you tomorrow'. There is a future tense, but the present tense is used more frequently.

If a verb of 'coming' and 'going' is followed by another verb, you use 'a': 'vado a vederlo'. But 'vado' is not used to express the future tense.

If a verb of 'coming' and 'going' is followed by another verb, you use 'a'. In English you would say 'Why can't you come (and) see it with me?', in Italian you say 'Why can't you come to (venire a) see it ...'

When you have two or three consecutive verbs, the second and the third are the full verb (infinitive).

Everything with 'ct' in English (expect) is 'tt' in Italian (aspettare = to wait). In English 'to wait for somebody' becomes in Italian 'to await somebody': 'aspettare qualcuno'.

Whenever you add 'it' or 'me' or 'you' to the infinitive, you drop the 'e' and you hook it onto the 'r'.

Ita 1 2 1 6:54 Why can't you understand me?Ita 1 2 2 0:01 to say / to tellIta 1 2 2 0:14 I cannot say it in Italian.Ita 1 2 2 0:47 Can you tell me ...Ita 1 2 2 0:59 for meIta 1 2 2 1:02 with meIta 1 2 2 1:04 If you use 'me' with a verb, it's 'mi'.Ita 1 2 2 1:14 will you / do you wantIta 1 2 2 1:25 Will you tell me where it is?Ita 1 2 2 1:36 whereIta 1 2 2 1:41 where it isIta 1 2 2 1:54 Will you tell me ...Ita 1 2 2 2:15

Ita 1 2 2 3:23 Can you tell me ...Ita 1 2 2 3:31 Can you tell me where it is?Ita 1 2 2 3:41 to findIta 1 2 2 3:53 Will you tell me where it is because I cannot find it?Ita 1 2 2 4:27 I haveIta 1 2 2 4:31 I have it.Ita 1 2 2 4:38 I don't have it.Ita 1 2 2 4:43 You have it.Ita 1 2 2 4:47 Why don't you have it for me now?Ita 1 2 2 5:06 I want to have it.Ita 1 2 2 5:22 I wantIta 1 2 2 5:26 I want it.Ita 1 2 2 5:36 I want it now.Ita 1 2 2 5:40 I don't want it now.Ita 1 2 2 5:49 Why don't you want it now?Ita 1 2 2 6:10 to haveIta 1 2 2 6:16 I haveIta 1 2 2 6:18 you haveIta 1 2 2 6:20 you have / he has / she hasIta 1 2 2 6:28 to knowIta 1 2 2 6:32 'sapere' goes like 'avere': I have = ho, I know = soIta 1 2 2 6:44 I knowIta 1 2 2 6:52 I don't knowIta 1 2 2 6:55 I know it.Ita 1 2 2 7:00 I don't know it.Ita 1 2 2 7:07 You know it.Ita 1 2 2 7:12 Why don't you know it?Ita 1 2 2 7:29 Do you know where it is?Ita 1 2 2 7:48 Can you tell me where it is?Ita 1 2 2 8:02 Can you tell me how much it is ...Ita 1 2 2 8:26 because I want to buy it.Ita 1 2 2 8:40 I must have it today if it is possible.Ita 1 2 3 0:01 I'm staying home tonight because I'm tired.Ita 1 2 3 0:55 to prepareIta 1 2 3 1:01 I'm preparing it.Ita 1 2 3 1:08 Why don't you prepare it for me?Ita 1 2 3 1:46 the dinnerIta 1 2 3 1:56 to dine / to have dinnerIta 1 2 3 2:01 Will you have dinner with me tonight?

It's very important to sharpen awareness of your own language in order to express yourself correctly in another language such as Italian. For example, in English 'will' is used to express the future, but not always. If you start a sentence with 'will you (please)', it's a polite request, not the future. So in Italian you use 'vuol' or 'vuole', which means 'will you' and also 'do you want'.

Ita 1 2 3 2:29 Where do you want to have dinner tonight?Ita 1 2 3 2:50 I cannot speak with you because I'm eating.Ita 1 2 3 3:06 I eat / I do eat / I am eatingIta 1 2 3 3:11

Ita 1 2 3 3:46 I am eating.Ita 1 2 3 4:05 What are you preparing?Ita 1 2 3 4:15 What are you (right now in the process of) preparing?Ita 1 2 3 4:43 You can use 'sto + per' to say 'I'm just about to'.Ita 1 2 3 4:57 I'm just about to eat.Ita 1 2 3 5:03 I'm just about to prepare it.Ita 1 2 4 0:01 in order toIta 1 2 4 0:37 Whenever 'to' in English implies 'in order to', you will say 'per' in Italian.Ita 1 2 4 0:50 I don't have the time (in order) to do it.Ita 1 2 4 1:20

Ita 1 2 4 1:40 I don't have the time of doing it.Ita 1 2 4 2:08 to leaveIta 1 2 4 2:15 I will leave tomorrow.Ita 1 2 4 2:20 At what time do you leave?Ita 1 2 4 2:49 At what time do you leave next week?Ita 1 2 4 3:29 At what time are you leaving next week?Ita 1 2 4 3:51

Ita 1 2 4 4:05 I will leave tomorrow.Ita 1 2 4 4:12 I will leave tomorrow.Ita 1 2 4 4:27 He will leave tomorrow.Ita 1 2 5 0:01 to do / to makeIta 1 2 5 0:08 I will doIta 1 2 5 0:13 I will do it.Ita 1 2 5 0:21 I won't do it.Ita 1 2 5 0:31 You will do it.Ita 1 2 5 0:38 When will you do it?Ita 1 2 5 0:58 to say / to tellIta 1 2 5 1:05 to callIta 1 2 5 1:09 I (will) call you tomorrow.Ita 1 2 5 1:22 I'm stayingIta 1 2 5 1:27 I'm staying here.Ita 1 2 5 1:35 I'm staying home tonight.Ita 1 2 5 1:47 I will stay home tonight.Ita 1 2 5 1:58 How long are you staying in Italy?Ita 1 2 5 2:30 How long will you stay in Italy?Ita 1 2 5 3:07 I don't know.Ita 1 2 5 3:13 still / yetIta 1 2 5 3:32 I don't know yet.Ita 1 2 5 3:39 I don't know yet / I still don't know how long I will stayIta 1 2 6 0:01 I'm ready. (feminine)Ita 1 2 6 0:23 It is ready.Ita 1 2 6 0:36 You must be ready soon.Ita 1 2 6 1:06 It can be ready soon.Ita 1 2 6 1:49 I am ready soon.Ita 1 2 6 1:53 I will beIta 1 2 6 2:15 he will be / you will be / she will beIta 1 2 6 2:28 It will be ready soon.

For 'I'm eating' you can also say 'sto mangiando' meaning 'I'm in the process of eating'. 'I am in the process' is 'sto' + -ando for -are verbs, -endo for the others.

If you use a noun followed by an infinitive verb, after the noun you usually put 'di'.

There is a future tense in Italian. It's like saying 'to leave I have' (partire + ho) and 'to leave he has' (partire + ha). The contraction of the verb with 'ho, ha' produces 'partirò, partirà'. The endings -rò and -rà are for all verbs.

Ita 1 2 6 2:38

Ita 1 2 6 3:50 to seeIta 1 2 6 4:00 to see it / to see himIta 1 2 6 4:09 to see her / to see youIta 1 2 6 4:16 to see meIta 1 2 6 4:27 I'm going to call you later.Ita 1 2 6 5:20 In the future tense of the -are verbs, use -erò instead of -arò.Ita 1 2 6 5:41 I will speakIta 1 2 6 5:55 I will eatIta 1 2 6 6:07 he will eatIta 1 2 6 6:22 In the future tense for 'we', use the ending -remo.Ita 1 2 6 6:29 We will eat later.Ita 1 2 6 6:44 We will stay home tonight.Ita 1 2 6 6:49 We will leave tomorrow.Ita 1 2 7 0:01 For 'we' in the present tense, use -iamo.Ita 1 2 7 0:09 we speakIta 1 2 7 0:15 we are stayingIta 1 2 7 0:20 we are leavingIta 1 2 7 0:32 we are goingIta 1 2 7 0:37 ' -iamo' is used a lot in Italian because it expresses different meanings.Ita 1 2 7 0:50 We're going.Ita 1 2 7 0:56 We're going now.Ita 1 2 7 1:01 We're going to / we're on our way out to buy it.Ita 1 2 7 1:20 Let's go!Ita 1 2 7 1:27 Let's go eat.Ita 1 2 7 1:46 we're eatingIta 1 2 7 1:54 Let's eat!Ita 1 2 7 2:04 to start / to commenceIta 1 2 7 2:13 I'm startingIta 1 2 7 2:22 At what time are you starting?Ita 1 2 7 2:39 At what time are you going to start tomorrow?Ita 1 2 7 3:12 Let's start.Ita 1 2 7 3:23 I want to know.Ita 1 2 7 3:32 I want to know at what time it will be ready.Ita 1 2 7 3:57 I'm goingIta 1 2 7 4:02 you're going / he's going / she's going / it's goingIta 1 2 7 4:13 Where are you going?Ita 1 2 7 4:21 Where are you going to be tonight?Ita 1 2 8 0:01 goodIta 1 2 8 0:10 It is very good.Ita 1 2 8 0:21 It is quite good.Ita 1 2 8 0:29 It is quite possible.Ita 1 2 8 0:38 All words ending in -ent and in -ant in English end in -ente and -ante in Italian.

Ita 1 2 8 0:53 It is very different that way.Ita 1 2 8 1:08 so (in front of an adjective)Ita 1 2 8 1:16 It is not so different.Ita 1 2 8 1:27 It is so good.Ita 1 2 8 1:38 It is not so different that way.Ita 1 2 8 1:49 importantIta 1 2 8 1:53 It is very important that way.Ita 1 2 8 2:06 I have to know it because it's very important for me.Ita 1 2 8 2:45 I would likeIta 1 2 8 2:57 I would like to know it.Ita 1 2 8 3:21 I would like to go with you.Ita 1 2 8 3:35 there

I don't know yet at what time it will be ready but I must have it today if it is possible.

Ita 1 2 8 3:41 'ci' is hooked onto the verb.Ita 1 2 8 3:45 to goIta 1 2 8 3:48 to go thereIta 1 2 8 3:51 I would like to go there with you.Ita 1 2 8 4:11 I would like to go (and) see it with you tonight.Ita 1 2 8 4:43

Ita 1 2 9 0:10 I want to do it.Ita 1 2 9 0:42

Ita 1 2 9 1:31 I cannot do it now.Ita 1 2 9 1:48 Why can't you tell me?Ita 1 2 9 2:50 It is not ready yet but it will be ready for you soon.Ita 1 2 9 3:42 to do / to makeIta 1 2 9 4:01 I do / I'm doingIta 1 2 9 4:06 he is doingIta 1 2 9 4:12 Why don't you do it?Ita 1 2 9 4:24 I'm doing it.Ita 1 2 9 4:34 I am (right now in the process of) doing it.Ita 1 2 9 5:08 I'm just about toIta 1 2 9 5:16 I'm just about to do it.Ita 1 2 9 5:26 I'm doing it.Ita 1 2 9 5:40 I say / I tellIta 1 2 9 5:53 you say / you tellIta 1 2 9 6:02 What are you saying?Ita 1 2 9 6:14 Why don't you tell me?Ita 1 2 10 0:01 to understandIta 1 2 10 0:22 I cannot understand it.Ita 1 2 10 0:31 Can you understand it?Ita 1 2 10 0:38 Can you understand me?Ita 1 2 10 0:47 Why can't you understand me?Ita 1 2 10 1:02 I understandIta 1 2 10 1:20 I understand it.Ita 1 2 10 1:25 I don't understand it.Ita 1 2 10 1:33 you understandIta 1 2 10 1:42 Do you understand it?Ita 1 2 10 1:49 Do you understand me?Ita 1 2 10 1:58 Don't you understand me?Ita 1 2 10 2:06 Why don't you understand me?Ita 1 2 10 2:39 I don't understand it very well.Ita 1 2 10 3:08 What are you saying?Ita 1 2 10 3:18 what (introducing a question)Ita 1 2 10 3:34 what (in the middle of a sentence)Ita 1 2 10 3:52 I don't know what you are saying.Ita 1 2 10 4:38 I don't understand very well what you're saying.Ita 1 2 10 4:57 That's not what I'm saying.Ita 1 2 10 5:12 I don't understand what you want to say.Ita 1 2 10 5:45 I don't understand what you mean.Ita 1 2 10 5:59 What do you mean?Ita 1 2 10 6:12 You don't understand what I mean.Ita 1 3 1 0:08 I wantIta 1 3 1 0:12 I want it.Ita 1 3 1 0:15 I don't want it.Ita 1 3 1 0:20 I want to do it.Ita 1 3 1 0:36

Ita 1 3 1 0:56 What do you want?

'there' is in the same position as the pronoun 'it' or 'me': you can hook it onto the verb.

You have options with the pronouns (it, me, etc.): either put it way up front or hook it onto the verb.

Italian words do not usually end in a consonant. There are only a few words taken from other languages.

Ita 1 3 1 1:04 Do you want it?Ita 1 3 1 1:11 Don't you want it?Ita 1 3 1 1:17 Why don't you want it?Ita 1 3 1 1:27 I want it but not now.Ita 1 3 1 1:41 What are you saying?Ita 1 3 1 1:55 Why don't you tell me?Ita 1 3 1 2:15 Why don't you tell it to me?Ita 1 3 1 2:40

Ita 1 3 1 3:15 I'm going to tell you later.Ita 1 3 1 3:31 I'm telling it.Ita 1 3 1 3:36 I'm telling you.Ita 1 3 1 3:40 If 'you' implies 'to you' it is 'le'.Ita 1 3 1 3:57 I'm telling you. / I'm going to tell you.Ita 1 3 1 4:11 I will tell you.Ita 1 3 1 4:22 to tellIta 1 3 1 4:25 I'm tellingIta 1 3 1 4:28 you're telling / you're sayingIta 1 3 1 4:37 I will tellIta 1 3 1 4:43

Ita 1 3 1 5:13 to understandIta 1 3 1 5:21 I will understandIta 1 3 1 5:27 to speakIta 1 3 1 5:37 For the future tense with -are verbs, the -arò changes to -erò: parlare, parlerò.

Ita 1 3 1 6:09 I will speakIta 1 3 1 6:17 to seeIta 1 3 1 6:26 I will seeIta 1 3 1 6:46 he will seeIta 1 3 1 7:22 we will seeIta 1 3 1 7:25 you will see / he will see / she will see / it will seeIta 1 3 1 7:35 I will see it.Ita 1 3 1 7:44 He won't see it.Ita 1 3 1 7:55 We will see it.Ita 1 3 1 8:09 I will see you later.Ita 1 3 1 8:17 'le' means 'to you', but 'you' is 'la'.Ita 1 3 1 8:55 He will not see me.Ita 1 3 2 0:01 giveIta 1 3 2 0:11 I give doIta 1 3 2 0:17 he givesIta 1 3 2 0:22 He gives me something.Ita 1 3 2 0:50 Why don't you give me the book?Ita 1 3 2 1:14 Why don't you give it to me now?Ita 1 3 2 1:53 to carry / to bringIta 1 3 2 2:04 I'm going to see you tonight and I will bring you the book.Ita 1 3 2 3:27 The present tense is used also to express the future.Ita 1 3 2 3:33 I ('ll) see you and I (will) bring you the book tonight.Ita 1 3 2 3:56 Whenever 'him' means 'to him', use 'gli'.Ita 1 3 2 4:05 I will give him the book.Ita 1 3 2 4:29 I'm going to tell him.Ita 1 3 2 4:47 I'm talking to him.Ita 1 3 2 5:02 I will tell him.Ita 1 3 2 5:30 I want to tell him.Ita 1 3 2 5:52

When you get two pronouns together, for example 'me it', the 'i' of 'mi' changes to an 'e': me lo. Think of 'e' as if it were 'and', a connecting word.

Remember that whenever you hear -rò, -rà, or -remo as an ending, you are in the future tense (will).

When you have a second verb, it will be the full verb (dire) and you hook on the pronoun (dirgli).

Ita 1 3 3 0:01

Ita 1 3 3 1:09 I will not tell him. (I won't tell him.)Ita 1 3 3 1:18 I'm not telling him.Ita 1 3 3 1:32 I don't tell him tomorrow.Ita 1 3 3 1:38

Ita 1 3 3 2:31

Ita 1 3 3 2:43 I don't tell you because I don't want to tell you.Ita 1 3 3 3:21

Ita 1 3 3 4:24 will you please / would you pleaseIta 1 3 3 4:36 can youIta 1 3 3 4:41

Ita 1 3 4 1:50 Will you tell me (some time, when you get round to it)?Ita 1 3 4 2:27 will you please / would you pleaseIta 1 3 4 2:34 Will you tell me?Ita 1 3 4 2:44 Why don't you want to tell me?Ita 1 3 4 2:57 He won't tell me.Ita 1 3 4 3:05 I won't tell you.Ita 1 3 4 3:18 I will tell you later.Ita 1 3 4 3:32 I won't tell you now.Ita 1 3 4 3:52 I won't tell you. (I will not tell you.)Ita 1 3 4 4:00

Ita 1 3 4 4:20 Will you tell me?Ita 1 3 5 0:01 I'm sorry butIta 1 3 5 0:12 it pleases me / I likeIta 1 3 5 0:23 I like very muchIta 1 3 5 0:29 I like very much to do it.Ita 1 3 5 0:39 But I don't like to do it now.Ita 1 3 5 1:05 I will do it later if I have the time.Ita 1 3 5 1:50 I likeIta 1 3 5 1:56 I like very much to speak Italian.Ita 1 3 5 2:09 Do you like? (Does it please you?)Ita 1 3 5 2:23 you likeIta 1 3 5 2:32 I don't like to stay here.Ita 1 3 5 2:43 I'm sorry.Ita 1 3 5 3:10 I like very much to do it.Ita 1 3 5 3:20 I want to do it.Ita 1 3 5 3:26 I won't do it.Ita 1 3 5 4:26 I don't want to do it now.Ita 1 3 5 4:38 I won't do it.Ita 1 3 6 0:01 I want to do it.Ita 1 3 6 1:01 I cannot do it now.Ita 1 3 6 1:46 I cannot tell you where it is because I don't know it.Ita 1 3 6 3:36 I want to tell you something.Ita 1 3 6 4:26 I won't tell you.Ita 1 3 6 4:52 it pleases meIta 1 3 6 4:59 you like (it pleases you)Ita 1 3 6 5:10 Does it displease you?Ita 1 3 6 5:30 Doesn't it displease you?Ita 1 3 6 5:54 if you don't mind to tell me

It is very important to sharpen the awareness of your own language. 'I won't tell him' is 'I will not tell him'.

'Non voglio gli dire' is not correct because the pronoun should either be hooked on at the end (Non voglio dirgli) or it should come way up front (Non gli voglio dire).

There is a sharp distinction in English between 'I won't do it' and 'I don't want to do it'.

'will' expresses the future tense in English, except when you start a sentence with 'will you, will you please', which is a polite way of not using the imperative. This 'will you' can also be expressed by 'would you'.

After 'può' the second or third verb is always the full form of the verb (the infinitive).

For 'will / won't' you use either the present tense or the future with -rò, -rà, -remo.

Ita 1 3 7 0:01 What do you want to say?Ita 1 3 7 0:28 The combination of 'want' and 'to say' in Italian expresses 'to mean'.Ita 1 3 7 0:39

Ita 1 3 7 0:52 to explainIta 1 3 7 1:14 Will you please explain to me?Ita 1 3 7 1:42 Will you explain it to me?Ita 1 3 7 2:57

Ita 1 3 7 4:55 Why can't you explain it to me?Ita 1 3 7 5:23 Why don't you want to explain it to me?Ita 1 3 8 0:01 I don't know what it means.Ita 1 3 8 0:44 to waitIta 1 3 8 1:00 Words with 'ct' in English usually have 'tt' in Italian.Ita 1 3 8 1:12 Will you please wait for me?Ita 1 3 8 1:41 to doIta 1 3 8 1:43 Will you do it, please?Ita 1 3 8 2:13 Can you do it for me?Ita 1 3 8 2:32 Will you wait for me?Ita 1 3 8 2:38 Can you wait for me, please?Ita 1 3 9 0:01 there isIta 1 3 9 0:07 isIta 1 3 9 0:14 I want to know where there is a good restaurant near here.Ita 1 3 9 1:11 It is not far.Ita 1 3 9 1:13 farIta 1 3 9 1:52 You can walk.Ita 1 3 9 2:05 walkIta 1 3 9 2:14 on footIta 1 3 9 2:32 Will you tell me where it is because I cannot find it.Ita 1 3 9 4:02 I want to see it.Ita 1 3 9 4:36 I cannot see it.Ita 1 3 9 4:53 I don't want to see it.Ita 1 4 1 0:08 It is not possible that way.Ita 1 4 1 0:23 I'm sorry but it is not acceptable for me that way.Ita 1 4 1 1:00 Words ending in -ent and -ant in English end in -ente and -ante in Italian.Ita 1 4 1 1:08 It is not very different that way.Ita 1 4 1 1:22 But it is very important for me.Ita 1 4 1 1:40 It is very urgent.Ita 1 4 1 1:55 sureIta 1 4 1 1:57 certainIta 1 4 1 2:00 certainlyIta 1 4 1 2:09 I'm quite sure.Ita 1 4 1 2:34 evidentIta 1 4 1 2:44 Words ending in -ary in English end in -ario in Italian.Ita 1 4 1 2:54 necessaryIta 1 4 1 2:59 It is not necessary for me now.Ita 1 4 1 3:16 contraryIta 1 4 1 3:21 on the contraryIta 1 4 1 3:32 On the contrary, I do want to buy it.Ita 1 4 1 3:51 vocabularyIta 1 4 1 3:57 Words ending in -ence and -ance in English end in -enza and -anza in Italian.

Ita 1 4 1 4:05 differenceIta 1 4 1 4:35 The word for 'the' with all the -za words is 'la'.Ita 1 4 1 4:40 the differenceIta 1 4 1 4:45 a differenceIta 1 4 1 4:53 What difference? / Which difference?

What do you mean? / What does he mean? / What does she mean? / What does it mean?

If there are one or two pronouns, either you put them up front or you hook both onto the end of the verb.

Ita 1 4 1 5:06 importanceIta 1 4 2 0:03 there isIta 1 4 2 0:17 there, us, ourselvesIta 1 4 2 0:31 There is a difference.Ita 1 4 2 0:39

Ita 1 4 2 0:42 problemIta 1 4 2 0:55 a problemIta 1 4 2 0:58 There is a problem.Ita 1 4 2 1:06 systemIta 1 4 2 1:12

Ita 1 4 2 1:20 conditionIta 1 4 2 1:46 the conditionIta 1 4 2 1:52 positionIta 1 4 2 1:59 (the) situationIta 1 4 2 2:08 reservationIta 1 4 2 2:29 to reserve / to book / to prebookIta 1 4 2 2:45 I will make a reservation for you.Ita 1 4 2 3:17 Will you please make a reservation for me?Ita 1 4 2 3:47 Would you please make a reservation for me?Ita 1 4 3 0:01 confirmationIta 1 4 3 0:18 Do you have the confirmation of the reservation for me for tonight?Ita 1 4 3 1:39 what kind ofIta 1 4 3 1:57 What kind of reservation do you have for me for tonight?Ita 1 4 3 3:01 vacationIta 1 4 3 3:11 the vacationsIta 1 4 3 3:19 to spend (time)Ita 1 4 3 3:24 to passIta 1 4 3 3:39 to spend the timeIta 1 4 3 3:44 to spend the vacationIta 1 4 3 3:57 Where are you going to spend the vacation?Ita 1 4 3 5:18 tonightIta 1 4 3 5:23 eveningIta 1 4 3 5:26 tomorrow eveningIta 1 4 3 5:35 morningIta 1 4 3 5:41 tomorrow morningIta 1 4 3 5:48 afternoonIta 1 4 3 5:55 tomorrow afternoonIta 1 4 4 0:01 eveningIta 1 4 4 0:07 the whole eveningIta 1 4 4 0:26 I'm going to spend the whole evening.Ita 1 4 4 0:42 I'm going to spend a musical evening.Ita 1 4 4 1:01 this eveningIta 1 4 4 1:23 morningIta 1 4 4 1:34 (to spend) the whole morningIta 1 4 4 1:49 dayIta 1 4 4 1:55 (to spend) the whole dayIta 1 4 4 2:02 I like very much to spend the whole day here.Ita 1 4 4 2:50 Words ending in -ical in English end in -ico in Italian.Ita 1 4 4 2:54 politicalIta 1 4 4 2:59 economicalIta 1 4 4 3:03 logicalIta 1 4 4 3:07 practicalIta 1 4 4 3:14 It is not logical but it is very practical that way.Ita 1 4 4 3:39 philosophical

The ending -em in English is -ma in Italian (for example, problem – problema). 'the' with most of these words is 'il'.

Most words ending in -ion in English end in -ione in Italian. In Italian you don't have a consonant at the end of a word. All -ione words are 'la' words.

Ita 1 4 4 3:44 astronomicalIta 1 4 4 3:49 astrologicalIta 1 4 4 3:59 the political situationIta 1 4 4 4:36 the economical situationIta 1 4 4 4:50

Ita 1 4 4 5:29 I don't like the political situation.Ita 1 4 5 0:01

Ita 1 4 5 0:25 preparationIta 1 4 5 0:30 to prepareIta 1 4 5 0:49 I'm very busy now.Ita 1 4 5 1:18 I'm preparing it.Ita 1 4 5 2:32 I'm right now in the process of preparing it.Ita 1 4 5 2:56

Ita 1 4 5 3:23 I will prepare it.Ita 1 4 5 6:11 He will prepare it for me.Ita 1 4 5 6:21 When will you prepare it for me?Ita 1 4 5 6:39 When do you prepare it for me?Ita 1 4 5 7:27

Ita 1 4 5 7:49 I'm preparing it.Ita 1 4 5 7:53 You're preparing it.Ita 1 4 5 8:39 Why don't you prepare it for me?Ita 1 4 5 8:57 I will prepare it.Ita 1 4 5 9:16 Would you please prepare it for me?Ita 1 4 5 10:11 Would you do it for me?Ita 1 4 5 10:20

Ita 1 4 6 0:01 to doIta 1 4 6 0:05 to do itIta 1 4 6 0:09 to tellIta 1 4 6 0:14 to tell it / to say itIta 1 4 6 0:18 to tell meIta 1 4 6 0:40 to tell it to meIta 1 4 6 1:06 Can you tell it to me?Ita 1 4 6 1:12 Will you tell it to me?Ita 1 4 6 1:20 I will see you tonight and I will tell you.Ita 1 4 6 3:15 perhapsIta 1 4 6 3:53 He will tell you.Ita 1 4 6 4:05 We will tell you.Ita 1 4 6 5:01 He won't tell me.Ita 1 4 6 5:08 He doesn't tell me.Ita 1 4 6 5:30 He won't find it.Ita 1 4 7 0:01 to be ableIta 1 4 7 0:09

Ita 1 4 7 1:01 to haveIta 1 4 7 1:03 to have toIta 1 4 7 1:10 I have toIta 1 4 7 1:20 you have toIta 1 4 7 1:33 You have to do it.Ita 1 4 7 1:45 You have to tell me.Ita 1 4 7 2:08 I will have

What impression do you have of the political and economical situation in Italy right now?

Verbs derived from nouns that are similar in English and Italian will also be similar. Usually, you just add -are.

With -ando and -endo you either hook on the pronouns or you can put them way up front.

In the present tense you do not hit the ending (preparo). The 'I' form ends in -o for all verbs, the 'you/he/she/it' forms end in -a (-are verbs) or in -e (all other verbs).

Whenever you have the infinitive (the whole verb ending in -are, -ere, -ire), you hook on any pronoun (me, you, etc.) or you put it way up front.

In English we have a little problem: for the verb 'can' the infinitive is 'to be able to'. For the verb 'must' the infinitive is 'to have to'. Italian doesn't have this problem.

Ita 1 4 7 2:20 For some verbs you contract the future endings: vedere – vedrò, avere – avrò

Ita 1 4 7 2:40 he will haveIta 1 4 7 2:55 we will haveIta 1 4 7 2:57 to have toIta 1 4 7 3:11 I will have toIta 1 4 7 3:32 I will have to do it.Ita 1 4 7 4:01 You will have to wait for me.Ita 1 4 7 4:48 to be ableIta 1 4 7 4:57 I can do it.Ita 1 4 7 5:02 Can you do it?Ita 1 4 8 0:01 we canIta 1 4 8 0:04 We cannot do it.Ita 1 4 8 0:50 to be ableIta 1 4 8 0:57 I will be ableIta 1 4 8 1:09 I will be able to do it for you.Ita 1 4 8 1:25 But I won't be able to do it today.Ita 1 4 8 1:54 because I will be very busy (feminine)Ita 1 4 8 2:18 I will be very busy today. (masculine)Ita 1 4 8 2:36 When will you be able to do it?Ita 1 4 8 3:02 We will be able to leave with you tomorrow.Ita 1 4 8 3:35 It is very important not to do anything by sound or by ear. It's a thought process.

Ita 1 4 9 0:06

Ita 1 4 9 0:45 to arriveIta 1 4 9 0:51 to callIta 1 4 9 0:59 to phone, to telephoneIta 1 4 9 1:07 At what time will you arrive tomorrow morning?Ita 1 4 9 1:46 I won't do it.Ita 1 4 9 2:03 We won't do it.Ita 1 4 9 2:15 You won't do it.Ita 1 4 9 2:27 I won't do it because I won't be able to do it.Ita 1 4 9 3:13 I want to do it.Ita 1 4 9 3:26 I want to have it.Ita 1 4 9 3:38 I want / I wish / I really wantIta 1 4 9 3:57 I do want to have it.Ita 1 4 9 4:07 What would you like? / What do you want?Ita 1 4 9 4:23 to have (food or drinks) / to take (intake of food or drinks)Ita 1 4 9 4:52 What would you like to have (to eat / to drink)? / What are you having?Ita 1 4 9 5:08 What do you want? / What would you like to have?Ita 1 4 10 0:01 I wantIta 1 4 10 0:06 I would likeIta 1 4 10 0:57 I would wish / I would wantIta 1 4 10 1:00

Ita 1 4 10 1:39 I will buy it.Ita 1 4 10 3:01 I would buy it.Ita 1 4 10 3:21 I will do it.Ita 1 4 10 3:38 I would do it.Ita 1 4 10 3:59 I will speak with him.Ita 1 4 10 4:18 I will talk to him.Ita 1 4 10 5:32 I wouldn't speak to him.Ita 1 4 10 5:49 I wouldn't speak with him.Ita 1 5 1 0:10

You can guess vocabulary. You have developed enough sense of the language to know which words in English come from a romance language and which are Germanic/Anglo-Saxon.

The -rei ending means 'would'. The same 'r' that you hit for 'will' you hit for 'would', but instead of -rò you make it -rei.

Important verbs are the modal auxiliaries which are followed by the infinitives of other verbs. We can call them 'handles'.

Ita 1 5 1 0:47 I can do it.Ita 1 5 1 1:02 I cannot do it now.Ita 1 5 1 1:16 to understandIta 1 5 1 1:25 I understandIta 1 5 1 1:29 you understandIta 1 5 1 1:36 I understand it.Ita 1 5 1 1:49 I don't understand it.Ita 1 5 1 1:58 I understand you.Ita 1 5 1 2:09 I understand her.Ita 1 5 1 2:17 I don't understand you.Ita 1 5 1 2:32 I cannot understand you.Ita 1 5 1 3:26 to findIta 1 5 1 3:38 to look for / to seekIta 1 5 1 3:46 I'm looking for it, but I don't find it.Ita 1 5 1 4:13 I'm right now in the process of seeking it / looking for it.Ita 1 5 2 0:25 I must look for it.Ita 1 5 2 0:34 'devo' is a handle.Ita 1 5 2 0:45 But I cannot find it.Ita 1 5 2 1:06 Can you tell me where it is?Ita 1 5 2 1:49 Please, (will you) tell me where it is.Ita 1 5 2 2:10 'vuol' is a very important handle.Ita 1 5 2 2:15 I want to see it.Ita 1 5 2 2:26 I would like to see it.Ita 1 5 2 2:55 I will see it.Ita 1 5 2 3:17 He will see it. / You will see it.Ita 1 5 2 3:27 We will see it.Ita 1 5 2 3:41 I would see it.Ita 1 5 2 3:55 But I wouldn't do it.Ita 1 5 2 4:11 I will be here.Ita 1 5 2 4:24 I would be here.Ita 1 5 2 4:35 I would like to see it.Ita 1 5 3 0:01

Ita 1 5 3 0:36 I would likeIta 1 5 3 0:41 you would like / he would like / she would likeIta 1 5 3 0:47 Would you like to do it?Ita 1 5 3 1:04 Would you like to see it?Ita 1 5 3 1:13 When would you like to go there?Ita 1 5 3 1:25 to go thereIta 1 5 3 1:53 He wouldn't buy it.Ita 1 5 3 2:13 I would speak with him.Ita 1 5 3 2:43 I would talk to him.Ita 1 5 3 3:43 I wouldn't see it.Ita 1 5 3 3:50 He wouldn't see it.Ita 1 5 3 4:06 It will be very important.Ita 1 5 3 4:31 It would be very important.Ita 1 5 3 4:48 But it wouldn't be possible that way.Ita 1 5 4 0:10 to be ableIta 1 5 4 0:13 I will be ableIta 1 5 4 0:20 I will be able to do it.Ita 1 5 4 0:39 I won't be able to do it that way.Ita 1 5 4 0:55 He won't be able to do it like that.Ita 1 5 4 1:11 We won't be able to do it.Ita 1 5 4 1:32 For 'we would' double the 'm' of 'we will' (-remo) and make it -remmo.Ita 1 5 4 2:03 We would be able to do it.Ita 1 5 4 2:16 We wouldn't be able to do it that way.Ita 1 5 4 2:25 We won't be able to do it that way.

For 'he would, she would, it would, you would' the ending is -rebbe, for 'I would' the ending is -rei. 'will' is -rò and -rà, 'would' is -rei and -rebbe.

Ita 1 5 4 3:08 I will be able to come with you.Ita 1 5 4 3:33 But I won't be able to come with you today because I will be very busy.Ita 1 5 4 4:22 I wouldn't be able to come with you.Ita 1 5 4 4:42 Would you be able to tell me when you will be able to do it?Ita 1 5 4 5:50

Ita 1 5 5 0:05 could (would be able)Ita 1 5 5 0:26 you could / you would be able / he would be ableIta 1 5 5 0:39 could (past tense in English)Ita 1 5 5 0:55 an easy tense: -avo, -evo, -ivoIta 1 5 5 1:20 he was able / he couldIta 1 5 5 1:41

Ita 1 5 5 2:53 I couldn't find it.Ita 1 5 5 3:22 I couldn't tell you.Ita 1 5 5 3:52 Could you tell me?Ita 1 5 5 4:19 Can you tell me?Ita 1 5 5 4:38 Could you tell me where it is?Ita 1 5 5 4:47 I don't understand you.Ita 1 5 5 5:00 I cannot understand you.Ita 1 5 5 5:43 I couldn't understand you.Ita 1 5 6 0:05 I mustIta 1 5 6 0:09 you mustIta 1 5 6 0:47 to waitIta 1 5 6 0:53 You have to wait for me.Ita 1 5 6 1:07 Can you wait for me?Ita 1 5 6 1:20 Could you wait for me?Ita 1 5 6 1:33 I'm sorry, but I cannot wait for you now because I'm going to leave soon.

Ita 1 5 6 3:10 I have to leave soon.Ita 1 5 6 3:30 I will have to leave tomorrow.Ita 1 5 6 4:04 At what time will you have to leave?Ita 1 5 6 4:22 We will have to leave.Ita 1 5 6 4:33 We would have to leave.Ita 1 5 6 4:46 I will have to leave.Ita 1 5 6 4:59 I would have to leave.Ita 1 5 6 5:07 I will be able to leave.Ita 1 5 6 5:17 I would be able to leave.Ita 1 5 6 5:23 I could leave tomorrow.Ita 1 5 6 6:17 I will have to leave tomorrow.Ita 1 5 6 6:26 I would have to leave tomorrow.Ita 1 5 6 6:34 He would have to leave.Ita 1 5 7 0:01 I would be able to do it.Ita 1 5 7 0:15 I could do it for you tomorrow.Ita 1 5 7 1:02 I couldn't do it that way.Ita 1 5 7 1:23 Could you do it?Ita 1 5 7 1:34 yesterdayIta 1 5 7 1:37 I couldn't do it yesterday.Ita 1 5 7 2:05 I could do it now.Ita 1 5 7 2:45 'must' and 'to have to'Ita 1 5 7 3:05 I mustIta 1 5 7 3:08 you mustIta 1 5 7 3:23 I must / I have to / I'm supposed to

There is a problem in English with 'could': in the sentence 'could you tell me' it means 'would you be able to', but in the sentence 'he told me he couldn't do it' it means 'he wasn't able to'. So 'could' expresses two different tenses in English: 'would be able' or 'was able'.

Whenever you want to say 'could' in Italian, you have to know which tense you're trying to use: is it 'potrei, potrebbe' or is it 'potevo, poteva'? In general use 'potrei, potrebbe, potremmo' for 'could' unless it clearly expresses the past, in which case you use 'potevo, poteva'.

Ita 1 5 7 3:42 I have to do it.Ita 1 5 7 3:50 I'm supposed to leave today but I cannot.Ita 1 5 7 4:14 I oweIta 1 5 7 4:31 How much do I owe?Ita 1 5 7 5:00 I will have to do it.Ita 1 5 7 5:17 At what time will you have to leave?Ita 1 5 7 5:41 I would have to do it.Ita 1 5 7 5:50 You would have to do it.Ita 1 5 7 5:58 We would have to do it.Ita 1 5 7 6:07 We will have to do it.Ita 1 5 7 6:19 I would have to buy it.Ita 1 5 7 6:40

Ita 1 5 7 7:04 I should buy it.Ita 1 5 7 7:17 You should tell me.Ita 1 5 7 7:33 You have to tell me.Ita 1 5 7 7:50 Can you tell me?Ita 1 5 7 8:02 Could you tell me?Ita 1 5 7 8:19 Will you tell me, please? / Would you tell me?Ita 1 5 8 0:01 I would like to see it.Ita 1 5 8 0:24 Would you like to see it?Ita 1 5 8 0:44 I like to see it.Ita 1 5 8 0:59 It would please me to see it.Ita 1 5 9 0:01 Words ending in -ty in English will end in -tà in Italian.Ita 1 5 9 0:11 universityIta 1 5 9 0:18 the universityIta 1 5 9 0:23 the opportunityIta 1 5 9 0:43 the occasionIta 1 5 9 1:04 Words ending in -al in English will end in -ale in Italian.Ita 1 5 9 1:11 normalIta 1 5 9 1:15 normallyIta 1 5 9 1:23 generalIta 1 5 9 1:25 generallyIta 1 5 9 1:34 specialIta 1 5 9 1:43 specially for youIta 1 5 9 1:56 the speciality of the houseIta 1 5 9 2:13

Ita 1 5 9 2:57 I don't have the time to do it now.Ita 1 5 9 3:40 It is not possible to do it now.Ita 1 5 9 4:06 I would like to have the opportunity to see it the next time.Ita 1 5 9 4:34 time (the passing of time)Ita 1 5 9 4:51 time (sequence of times)Ita 1 5 9 5:22 the next timeIta 1 5 10 0:01 onceIta 1 5 10 0:09 twiceIta 1 5 10 0:17 I can do it.Ita 1 5 10 0:24 I will be able to do it next time.Ita 1 5 10 0:47 I could do it.Ita 1 5 10 0:56 But I couldn't do it yesterday.Ita 1 5 10 1:28 Another handle is 'want': voglio, vuole, vorrei, vorrebbeIta 1 5 10 2:00 I do want to eat.Ita 1 5 10 2:26 I want to see it.Ita 1 5 10 2:45 I wish very much / I desire to see it.Ita 1 5 10 3:13 I like to see it.Ita 1 5 10 3:19 I would like to see it.Ita 1 5 10 3:55 I would very much like to see it.

'dovrei, dovrebbe, dovremmo' (would have to) is used in the sense of 'should' or 'ought to'.

If a noun is followed by a verb (in the infinitive), you will throw in 'di' (of). You also do that after many verbs of communication.

Ita 1 5 10 4:06 I would like to see it.Ita 1 6 1 0:21 according to me / as far as I am concernedIta 1 6 1 0:41 according to youIta 1 6 1 0:47 to thinkIta 1 6 1 0:55 I thinkIta 1 6 1 0:59 I don't thinkIta 1 6 1 1:04 What do you think?Ita 1 6 1 1:20 We don't think.Ita 1 6 1 1:38 thinking forward, planningIta 1 6 1 1:47 I plan to leave. / I plan on leaving.Ita 1 6 1 1:58 How long do you plan on staying?Ita 1 6 1 2:12 to hopeIta 1 6 1 2:21 I hopeIta 1 6 1 2:41 I expect to leave (soon).Ita 1 6 1 2:52 At what time do you expect to arrive?Ita 1 6 1 3:51 I want to stay here.Ita 1 6 1 4:12 I would like to stay here.Ita 1 6 1 4:18 It would please me to stay here.Ita 1 6 2 0:35 From 'voglio' you can make a noun 'la voglia'.Ita 1 6 2 0:52 I don't feel like staying here.Ita 1 6 2 1:19 needIta 1 6 2 1:31 I need / I have needIta 1 6 2 1:39 I need to do it.Ita 1 6 2 2:17 You must do it. / You have to do it.Ita 1 6 2 2:47

Ita 1 6 2 4:27

Ita 1 6 2 4:40 You don't have to tell me now because I don't want to know it.Ita 1 6 3 0:13 I could (past)Ita 1 6 3 0:24 I couldn't find it (yesterday).Ita 1 6 3 0:50 I will have toIta 1 6 3 0:57 I will have to buy it.Ita 1 6 3 1:57 I had toIta 1 6 3 2:05 I had to do it.Ita 1 6 3 2:13 He had to wait. / He was supposed to wait.Ita 1 6 3 2:31 I had to do it.Ita 1 6 3 2:39 He had to do it.Ita 1 6 3 2:49 I wanted to do it.Ita 1 6 3 3:21 I didn't want to buy it.Ita 1 6 3 3:33 I didn't want to tell him.Ita 1 6 3 4:09 I didn't want to tell you.Ita 1 6 3 4:42 I hadIta 1 6 3 5:53 I didn't have the time to do it.Ita 1 6 4 0:01 I wasIta 1 6 4 0:15 I was here yesterday evening.Ita 1 6 4 0:33 (but) it was not ready.Ita 1 6 4 0:58 Everything was ready for you this morning.Ita 1 6 4 1:35 I'm sorry but I couldn't do it yesterday.Ita 1 6 4 2:52 because I was very busyIta 1 6 4 3:29 all day longIta 1 6 4 3:35 I wanted to go there with you yesterday.Ita 1 6 4 4:12 I couldn't do it.Ita 1 6 4 4:38 I was very busy.Ita 1 6 4 4:50 She was busy.Ita 1 6 5 0:25 occupiedIta 1 6 5 0:31 to occupy

'You don't have to do it' does not mean 'you must not do it' but 'you don't need to do it'.

You don't have to do it. / You don't need to do it. / You don't have need of doing it.

Ita 1 6 5 0:47 I have occupied the house.Ita 1 6 5 1:09

Ita 1 6 5 3:10

Ita 1 6 5 4:24

Ita 1 6 5 4:50 I spoke with you.Ita 1 6 5 5:04 I bought (something) for you.Ita 1 6 5 5:29 I didn't buy the car.Ita 1 6 6 0:01 'capire' becomes 'capito'.Ita 1 6 6 0:04 I didn't understand.Ita 1 6 6 0:10 'dire' becomes 'detto' and 'fare' becomes 'fatto'.Ita 1 6 6 0:23 I did it.Ita 1 6 6 0:33 I didn't do it.Ita 1 6 6 0:39 He told me.Ita 1 6 6 1:02 Why didn't you tell me?Ita 1 6 6 1:11 I waited for you.Ita 1 6 6 1:41 Why didn't you wait for me?Ita 1 6 6 1:58 I told him to wait for me.Ita 1 6 6 2:17

Ita 1 6 6 4:30 I wentIta 1 6 6 4:36 I stayedIta 1 6 6 4:42 we areIta 1 6 6 4:48 we arrivedIta 1 6 6 5:23 I leftIta 1 6 6 5:52 she leftIta 1 6 7 0:01 to amuseIta 1 6 7 0:11 to amuse oneself / to have funIta 1 6 7 0:18 I'm having funIta 1 6 7 0:38 to amuse myselfIta 1 6 7 0:47 I want to have fun.Ita 1 6 7 0:51 I have to have fun.Ita 1 6 7 1:06 me / to me / myselfIta 1 6 7 1:51 I will have funIta 1 6 7 2:22 I would have fun / I would amuse myselfIta 1 6 7 2:33 It would be very interestingIta 1 6 7 3:11 and I think (according to me)Ita 1 6 7 3:24 I would have a lot of funIta 1 6 7 3:57 himself / herself / itself / themselves / yourselfIta 1 6 7 4:06 You would have a lot of fun. / You would amuse yourself.Ita 1 6 7 4:44 ourselves / usIta 1 6 7 4:58 We would enjoy ourselves.Ita 1 6 7 5:26 We will have a lot of fun.Ita 1 6 7 5:59 According to me, we would have a lot of fun.Ita 1 6 8 0:01 I see you.Ita 1 6 8 0:15 I don't see you.

We have two past tenses in English and in Italian: 'I did something' and 'I was doing it'. -evo and -avo (dovevo, potevo, volevo) express a straight line in the past (I was doing it, I was eating). However 'I ate' and 'I did' are specific points in the past. In Italian you will say 'I've eaten, I've done it'. For 'didn't' you will use 'haven't' (ho, non ho).

There is a difference between English and Italian in the use of the past. In Italian you have to 'dive' into the past, stepping on a 'diving board'. The diving board is any form of 'have': I ate = I've eaten, I didn't eat = I have not eaten, Did you eat? = Have you eaten?

So in Italian 'have' is the diving board. Then you have to know how to dive. With -are verbs you use -ato: occupare – occupato, mangiare – mangiato

There are two 'diving towers' for the past: 'to have' and 'to be'. After these verbs you have to 'dive' into -ato, -ito etc. There are some verbs in Italian where for the past tense you will use 'to be' (like in Shakespeare or the King James Bible 'I am come to tell you' 'Where art thou gone?', or in modern English 'The time is come' 'He is gone').

Ita 1 6 8 0:21 I cannot see you.Ita 1 6 8 0:43 I couldn't see you tonight.Ita 1 6 8 1:10 It wouldn't be possible for me.Ita 1 6 9 0:01 we seeIta 1 6 9 0:11 We see it.Ita 1 6 9 0:19 We don't see it.Ita 1 6 9 0:25 We cannot see it.Ita 1 6 9 1:07 We cannot see ourselves.Ita 1 6 9 1:40 We see ourselves.Ita 1 6 9 2:55 We cannot see ourselves here.Ita 1 6 10 0:01 The reflexive 'ourselves' also expresses 'each other'.Ita 1 6 10 0:25 We see ourselves. / We see each other.Ita 1 6 10 0:52 At what time shall we meet tomorrow?Ita 1 6 10 2:35 we will meetIta 1 6 10 3:52 See you tomorrow.Ita 1 6 10 4:25 At what time shall we meet tomorrow?Ita 1 6 10 4:40

Ita 1 7 1 0:08 I'm thinkingIta 1 7 1 0:17 I'm busy. (masculine)Ita 1 7 1 0:24 I'm tired. (feminine)Ita 1 7 1 0:31 I'm eating.Ita 1 7 1 0:44 What are you eating?Ita 1 7 1 0:51 Why don't you want to eat?Ita 1 7 1 1:01

Ita 1 7 1 1:28 I was eatingIta 1 7 1 1:34 he was eatingIta 1 7 1 1:41 I will eatIta 1 7 1 1:55 I wouldn't eat it.Ita 1 7 1 2:30 He wouldn't eat it.Ita 1 7 1 2:42 He wouldn't do it.Ita 1 7 1 3:01 He wouldn't tell me.Ita 1 7 1 3:15 I'm waitingIta 1 7 1 3:28 I'm waiting for you.Ita 1 7 1 4:02 Why don't you wait for me?Ita 1 7 1 4:14 I will wait for you here.Ita 1 7 1 4:38 I was waitingIta 1 7 1 4:54 He was waiting for me.Ita 1 7 1 5:17 to workIta 1 7 1 5:27 I'm workingIta 1 7 1 5:33 I was workingIta 1 7 1 5:46 I worked / I have workedIta 1 7 1 6:20 he waitedIta 1 7 1 6:30 he was waiting

There is not the simplest sentence in a language that cannot be expressed in a dozen different ways: I'm leaving for Paris tomorrow. I'm going to Paris tomorrow. I'm going to leave, I will leave, I have to leave, I must leave, I want to leave, I intend to leave, I plan on leaving, I expect to leave, OR without 'leave': I expect to go to Paris tomorrow, I expect to be in Paris. The important thing is to be able to communicate and not to get stuck on a word. If it is a question of vocabulary, it doesn't hurt to guess. If it is a question of structure, you have to think it out. If you guess a word, you'll get feedback: either a correct version of the word or a blank look if you have not been understood and then you know you've got to try something else. This is how you communicate: slow down to think out the structure and try to guess vocabulary.

In the present tense, there is no -ing form (mangio). However for a past -ing form (I was eating, I was doing, etc.), use the -vo ending: -avo, -evo, -ivo

Ita 1 7 2 0:01

Ita 1 7 2 1:40

Ita 1 7 2 3:50

Ita 1 7 2 5:02 I've been working here.Ita 1 7 2 5:26 I've been waiting for you.Ita 1 7 2 5:45 So 'la aspetto' is 'I'm waiting for you' and 'I've been waiting for you'.Ita 1 7 3 0:16 I waited / I've waitedIta 1 7 3 0:21 Why didn't you wait?Ita 1 7 3 0:36 I'm going to buy it. / I will buy it.Ita 1 7 3 1:27 I'm going to buy it tomorrow.Ita 1 7 3 2:16 I'm going now / I'm on my way to buy it.Ita 1 7 3 2:37

Ita 1 7 3 3:16 I'm going to see it (tonight).Ita 1 7 3 3:36 to goIta 1 7 3 3:39 I'm goingIta 1 7 3 3:42 you're going / he's going / she's goingIta 1 7 3 3:51 It's going well. / It's all right.Ita 1 7 3 4:06 It's going well that way.Ita 1 7 3 4:11 Everything is going well.Ita 1 7 3 4:15 It's going very well.Ita 1 7 4 0:07 It doesn't work. / It is not functioning.Ita 1 7 4 0:59 to fix (the car, something)Ita 1 7 4 1:23 Can you fix it?Ita 1 7 4 1:54

Ita 1 7 4 2:34 I must have it repaired.Ita 1 7 4 3:04 to changeIta 1 7 4 3:24 to washIta 1 7 4 3:27 I'm going to get it washed.Ita 1 7 4 4:00 Now I can make myself understood in Italian.Ita 1 7 4 4:32 He made a reservation for us.Ita 1 7 5 0:01 You didn't tell me.Ita 1 7 5 0:43 It is done.Ita 1 7 5 1:04 He prepared the dinner.Ita 1 7 5 1:24 Everything is prepared for you.Ita 1 7 5 1:44 they allIta 1 7 5 1:46

Ita 1 7 5 2:43 I'm busy.Ita 1 7 5 2:50 'sono' means 'I am' and it also means 'they are'.Ita 1 7 5 3:26 They are busy.Ita 1 7 5 3:40 Everybody is busy.Ita 1 7 5 4:09 I want it.Ita 1 7 5 4:17 I don't want it.Ita 1 7 5 4:20 You can have it.

There are two types of -ing tense in English: the present -ing (am / are / is + -ing) and the past -ing (was / were + -ing). We can call the latter a 'w-ing' tense ('w' being the initial letter of 'was' and 'were'), or in grammatical terms, the imperfect.

In Italian this w-ing tense, the imperfect, expresses either a straight line in the past 'I was doing it' or a broken line in the past 'he used to do it' or 'I did it every day / very often'. In English you don't make the distinction between 'he worked here yesterday' and 'he worked here every day': it is 'worked' in both cases. In Italian it is the same tense (the imperfect).

There is another -ing tense in English: I've been working here now for two hours. This 'have been + -ing' means 'I'm still doing it', so in Italian you will use the present tense (lo faccio). So 'lo faccio' means 'I do it', 'I am doing it', 'I have been doing it'. For example: Lo faccio da due ore. (I've been doing it for two hours.)

If there is another verb after a verb of 'coming' and 'going', you join it up with 'a': vado a

In Italian 'to have something done' or 'to get something done' is 'to make somebody do it', 'to make do'.

'they all' is 'tutti' or 'tutte'. 'everything' is 'tutto'. 'tutte' is the feminine plural form, such as in 'Così fan tutte' where 'tutte' refers to 'all women'.

Ita 1 7 5 5:01 if you wantIta 1 7 5 5:32 I wantIta 1 7 5 5:37 I want it.Ita 1 7 5 5:43 I don't want it.Ita 1 7 5 5:46 Why don't you want it?Ita 1 7 5 6:16 Will you tell me?Ita 1 7 5 7:10 Can you tell me?Ita 1 7 5 7:23 Why don't you want it?Ita 1 7 5 7:47 Why don't you want to buy it?Ita 1 7 5 8:42 You can have it if you want it.Ita 1 7 6 0:01 to go outIta 1 7 6 0:19 I go outIta 1 7 6 0:23 you're going outIta 1 7 6 0:35 I don't want to do it.Ita 1 7 6 1:06 I feel likeIta 1 7 6 1:13 I feel like doing it.Ita 1 7 6 2:03 I don't feel likeIta 1 7 6 2:32 I don't want to stay home tonight.Ita 1 7 6 3:36 I feel like going out.Ita 1 7 6 4:01 I don't want to do it now.Ita 1 7 6 4:49 I don't feel like doing it now.Ita 1 7 7 0:04 I'm right now about to do it.Ita 1 7 7 0:20 I'm just about to eat.Ita 1 7 7 0:28 I'm just about to prepare it.Ita 1 7 7 1:00 I was aboutIta 1 7 7 1:13 I was about to prepare it when you called.Ita 1 7 7 2:06 I plan on leaving.Ita 1 7 7 2:36 When do you plan on leaving?Ita 1 7 7 2:48 How long do you plan on staying in Italy?Ita 1 7 7 3:22 I intend to do it.

Ita 1 7 7 6:00 I don't intend to do it now.Ita 1 7 8 0:07 I need to do it. (I have need of doing it.)Ita 1 7 8 0:21

Ita 1 7 8 0:34 of it / from it / some of itIta 1 7 8 1:12 I want it.Ita 1 7 8 1:16 You want it.Ita 1 7 8 1:26 Why don't you want it?Ita 1 7 8 1:42 I want some (of it).Ita 1 7 8 1:54 I want to buy some (of it).Ita 1 7 8 2:16 because I want to have itIta 1 7 8 2:28 I want to have some (of it).Ita 1 7 8 2:45 I'm going to buy some.Ita 1 7 8 3:04 because I must have someIta 1 7 8 3:20 I needIta 1 7 8 3:35 I need it.Ita 1 7 8 4:54 I don't need it now.Ita 1 7 8 5:06 You can have it.Ita 1 7 8 5:15 You can have some if you want.Ita 1 7 9 0:01 I bought some for you.Ita 1 7 9 0:35

Ita 1 7 9 1:26 What do you think of it?Ita 1 7 9 1:47 I spoke about it with him.Ita 1 7 9 2:20 I'm going to buy it.Ita 1 7 9 2:32 I was going to buy it.

'ne' in Italian means 'of it / from it / some of it / any of it'. 'ne' goes in the same positions as all pronouns.

I didn't buy any (of it) Non ne ho comprato perché because I didn't find any (of it). non ne ho trovato.

Ita 1 7 10 0:01 For verbs of 'coming' and 'going' you use 'to be' for the past.Ita 1 7 10 0:37 I have goneIta 1 7 10 1:00 I leftIta 1 7 10 1:04 he leftIta 1 7 10 1:15 they leftIta 1 7 10 1:40 we leftIta 1 7 10 2:08 we (all) left (feminine)Ita 1 7 10 2:17 We went to see it.Ita 1 7 10 3:10 we finishedIta 1 7 10 3:48 We've finished doing it.Ita 1 7 10 4:22 to studyIta 1 7 10 4:32 We finished studying today.Ita 1 7 10 5:00 Everything is finished.Ita 1 7 10 5:13 to learnIta 1 7 10 5:28 I think / in my opinion / according to meIta 1 7 10 5:49 We've learnt a lot.Ita 1 8 1 0:09 I'm waiting for you.Ita 1 8 1 0:26 I've been waiting for you for ten minutes.Ita 1 8 1 0:51 I was waiting for you.Ita 1 8 1 1:24 I've been waiting for you.Ita 1 8 1 1:56 I've been doing it.Ita 1 8 1 2:33 I will be doing it.Ita 1 8 1 2:53 I've been doing it for a long time.Ita 1 8 1 3:47 I was doing it.Ita 1 8 1 4:00 I have been here for two days.Ita 1 8 1 5:15 I've been livingIta 1 8 1 5:24 to arriveIta 1 8 1 5:47 I arrivedIta 1 8 1 6:18 they (the women) arrivedIta 1 8 1 6:42 rememberIta 1 8 1 6:51 I rememberIta 1 8 2 0:01 to have fun / to enjoy oneselfIta 1 8 2 0:18 I'm having fun / I enjoy myselfIta 1 8 2 0:48 I will have fun / I will enjoy myselfIta 1 8 2 2:00 I'm having lots of funIta 1 8 2 2:02 he's having funIta 1 8 2 2:51 we're having funIta 1 8 2 3:17 I had fun / I enjoyed myselfIta 1 8 2 3:26 With reflexive verbs in Italian, you use 'to be' to form the past.Ita 1 8 2 4:49 we had funIta 1 8 2 5:21 we see each other / we meetIta 1 8 2 5:48 we will meetIta 1 8 2 7:49 we would meetIta 1 8 2 8:01 At what time shall we meet tomorrow?Ita 1 8 3 0:01 to meet / to encounterIta 1 8 3 0:16 we meet (we encounter each other)Ita 1 8 3 0:46 we will meetIta 1 8 3 1:37 I prefer doing it that way.Ita 1 8 3 1:54 Do you prefer doing it that way?Ita 1 8 3 2:17 What do you prefer?Ita 1 8 3 2:39 to knowIta 1 8 3 2:45 I knowIta 1 8 3 2:54 I don't know it.Ita 1 8 3 2:58 Why don't you know it?Ita 1 8 3 3:09 The word 'to know' in English has two meanings: 'to know' (general knowledge)

and 'to be acquainted' (with somebody). In Italian you have 'sapere' for general knowledge, but 'to know somebody' is 'conosco'.

Ita 1 8 3 3:42 I don't know her.Ita 1 8 3 4:02 you knowIta 1 8 3 4:08 Do you know her?Ita 1 8 3 4:17 I know her very well.Ita 1 8 3 4:30 to askIta 1 8 3 4:52 Will you ask him to wait for me?Ita 1 8 3 5:57 Can you tell him to call me later?Ita 1 8 4 0:01 Are you having fun? / Do you enjoy yourself?Ita 1 8 4 0:07 himself / herself / itself / yourself / oneselfIta 1 8 4 1:06 Have fun!Ita 1 8 4 1:10 Enjoy yourself!Ita 1 8 4 2:00

Ita 1 8 4 3:04 At what time are you leaving?Ita 1 8 4 3:09 What are you eating?Ita 1 8 4 3:24 Do you speak Italian?Ita 1 8 4 4:05 Why don't you speak Italian with me?Ita 1 8 5 0:24 He gives me.Ita 1 8 5 0:33 What are you saying?Ita 1 8 5 0:40 I say / I tellIta 1 8 5 0:48 Why don't you tell me?Ita 1 8 5 1:04 Why don't you tell it to me?Ita 1 8 5 1:28 I want to know it.Ita 1 8 5 1:37 I have to know it.Ita 1 8 5 2:17 How are you?Ita 1 8 5 2:30 I'm fine.Ita 1 8 5 2:41 Everything is going well.Ita 1 8 5 2:54 Will you have it fixed?Ita 1 8 5 3:44

Ita 1 8 5 4:03 Will you let me know?Ita 1 8 5 4:31 to showIta 1 8 5 4:43 Will you show me?Ita 1 8 5 5:08 somethingIta 1 8 5 5:12 Can you show me something?Ita 1 8 5 5:44 Can you let me see / make me see something?Ita 1 8 6 0:01 otherIta 1 8 6 0:06 the same thingIta 1 8 6 0:19 I want the same thing for me.Ita 1 8 6 0:40 the sameIta 1 8 6 0:49 That's not the same.Ita 1 8 6 1:06 there isIta 1 8 6 1:15 there areIta 1 8 6 1:22 There's a message for you.Ita 1 8 6 1:48 peopleIta 1 8 6 2:02 many peopleIta 1 8 6 2:23 There are many people here.Ita 1 8 6 2:38 How would you say it?Ita 1 8 6 3:18 it's being said (it says itself)Ita 1 8 6 3:37 How does one say it in Italian?Ita 1 8 6 4:29 to writeIta 1 8 6 4:35 I'm writingIta 1 8 6 4:39 Why don't you write to me?Ita 1 8 6 5:02 Why don't you call me?Ita 1 8 6 6:09 How does one say? Come si dice?Ita 1 8 6 6:18 How do you spell it? (How is it (being) written? / How does it write itself?)

In Italian there are three types of verbs (-are, -ere, -ire) and we divide them up into two categories or tracks. For 'you/he/she/it' you surface on -a for -are verbs and on -e for the other verbs.

'to have something done' is 'to make / to let somebody do it' ('fare' immediately followed by the infinitive).

Ita 1 8 7 0:01 I sellIta 1 8 7 0:07 you're sellingIta 1 8 7 0:13 Why don't you sell it?Ita 1 8 7 0:24 He's selling it.Ita 1 8 7 0:35 He was selling it.Ita 1 8 7 0:56 He used to sell it.Ita 1 8 7 1:02 It is being sold.Ita 1 8 7 1:20 it takesIta 1 8 7 1:41 It takes a lot of time.Ita 1 8 7 1:53 How long does it take? / How much time does it take?Ita 1 8 7 2:20 I am in a hurry.Ita 1 8 7 2:41 I want to know how long it is taking because I am in a hurry.Ita 1 8 7 3:13 I'm leavingIta 1 8 7 3:26 I'm going outIta 1 8 7 3:34 At what time are you going out?Ita 1 8 8 0:01 I'm leavingIta 1 8 8 0:18 I'm going away.Ita 1 8 8 0:23 I'm going (myself) away (from it).Ita 1 8 8 0:35 from it / of itIta 1 8 8 1:12 I have to go now.Ita 1 8 8 2:13 I'm sorry but I cannot wait.Ita 1 8 8 3:11 because it is taking too longIta 1 8 8 3:35 and I'm in a hurryIta 1 8 8 3:43 and I'm leavingIta 1 8 8 4:02 I'm going away.Ita 1 8 8 4:23 I have to go now.Ita 1 8 8 4:46 to sendIta 1 8 8 4:51 Will you tell him to send it to me today.Ita 1 8 8 7:08 because I need itIta 1 8 8 8:26 We've finished studying Italian today.Ita 1 8 8 9:19 Conclusion.Ita 2 1 1 0:01 Introduction to the Advanced course.Ita 2 1 1 1:53 I'm very happy to be here with you.Ita 2 1 1 2:10 with all of youIta 2 1 1 2:32 I would like to see it.Ita 2 1 1 2:39 I want it now.Ita 2 1 1 2:56 I want some.Ita 2 1 1 3:01 I bought some. / I've bought some.Ita 2 1 1 3:13 I didn't buy any because I didn't find any.Ita 2 1 1 3:38 Can you tell me where it is?Ita 2 1 1 3:54 Can you tell me where one can find it?Ita 2 1 1 4:12 one canIta 2 1 1 4:26 How does one say it?Ita 2 1 1 4:44 I like to see it.Ita 2 1 1 4:58 I would like to see it.Ita 2 1 1 5:24 It would please me to see it.Ita 2 1 1 5:39 I like very much to travel.Ita 2 1 1 6:01 I'm sorry but I cannot wait because I have to leave soon.Ita 2 1 1 7:42 I will have toIta 2 1 1 7:49 I would have toIta 2 1 1 7:53 I shouldIta 2 1 1 7:57 'dovrei' is used for 'I would have to' and 'I should'.Ita 2 1 1 8:10 I should leave now.Ita 2 1 1 8:31 I cannot stay. / I cannot remain.Ita 2 1 1 8:53 Can you tell me?Ita 2 1 1 9:02 When will you be able to do it?Ita 2 1 1 9:33 When would you be able to do it? / When could you do it?

Ita 2 1 1 9:38 'potrebbe' is used for 'would you be able to' and 'could you'.Ita 2 1 1 10:02

Ita 2 1 1 10:49 I could (I would be able)Ita 2 1 1 11:06 I could (I was able)Ita 2 1 2 0:17

Ita 2 1 2 1:36 I speakIta 2 1 2 1:47 he speaks / you speak (Lei)Ita 2 1 2 1:53 For 'tu, Carla, Roberto' the form is 'parli'. That -i is used with all verbs.Ita 2 1 2 2:00 you speak (Carla/Roberto)Ita 2 1 2 2:10 I'm sellingIta 2 1 2 2:14 you're selling (tu)Ita 2 1 2 2:30 to leaveIta 2 1 2 2:32 you're leaving (tu)Ita 2 1 2 2:53 to haveIta 2 1 2 2:55 I haveIta 2 1 2 2:59 he hasIta 2 1 2 3:04 you have (tu)Ita 2 1 2 3:17 to goIta 2 1 2 3:37 we goIta 2 1 2 3:49 I go / I'm goingIta 2 1 2 3:55 he's goingIta 2 1 2 4:02 you're going (tu)Ita 2 1 2 4:10 to beIta 2 1 2 4:22 I amIta 2 1 2 4:27 he is / she is / it isIta 2 1 2 4:37 you are (tu)Ita 2 1 2 4:49 Where are you? (tu)Ita 2 1 2 4:56 to knowIta 2 1 2 5:01 I knowIta 2 1 2 5:06 I don't know it.Ita 2 1 2 5:12 He knows it.Ita 2 1 2 5:17 Don't you know it? (signore)Ita 2 1 2 5:30 You know it. (tu)Ita 2 1 2 5:41 I canIta 2 1 2 5:46 he canIta 2 1 2 5:50 Can you tell me, signore?Ita 2 1 2 6:22 to wantIta 2 1 2 6:26 I want it.Ita 2 1 2 6:31 I don't want any.Ita 2 1 2 6:36 Do you want any? (signore)Ita 2 1 2 6:45 Do you want it? (Carlo)Ita 2 1 2 6:53

Ita 2 1 2 7:37 you speak (voi)Ita 2 1 2 7:45 you're leaving (voi)Ita 2 1 2 8:02 You're selling it.Ita 2 1 2 8:13 Can you see it?Ita 2 1 2 8:26 Can't you see it?Ita 2 1 2 8:29 Don't you want to do it?Ita 2 1 2 8:33 Why don't you tell me?Ita 2 1 2 8:44 Why don't you do it?Ita 2 1 2 8:54 Why don't you know where it is?

'could' in English expresses two different tenses: the past (I couldn't do it = I wasn't able to do it) and the conditional (I couldn't do it = I wouldn't be able to do it).

The familiar form for 'you' is 'tu', which is used for family, children, friends and colleagues. When you've just met someone, use 'Lei'. Don't initiate the use of 'tu'.

For 'you' (plural) we have been using 'loro' (they, you all), but 'voi' is used very much. For the ending of the 'voi' form simply go to the infinitive and replace the 'r' with 't': -are > -ate, -ere > -ete, -ire > -ite

Ita 2 1 2 9:06 Why don't you know where it is? (Roberto)Ita 2 1 3 0:19 I speakIta 2 1 3 0:24 they speakIta 2 1 3 0:34

Ita 2 1 3 1:15 I'm leavingIta 2 1 3 1:20 they are leavingIta 2 1 3 1:40 I'm selling it.Ita 2 1 3 1:48 They're selling it.Ita 2 1 3 2:04 I haveIta 2 1 3 2:12 you have (tu)Ita 2 1 3 2:36 they haveIta 2 1 3 2:40 you have (voi)Ita 2 1 3 2:48 we haveIta 2 1 3 2:54 I amIta 2 1 3 2:58 they areIta 2 1 3 3:07 I am busy.Ita 2 1 3 3:21 They are busy (now).Ita 2 1 3 3:52 You are busy. (tu)Ita 2 1 3 4:03 you are (voi)Ita 2 1 3 4:10 I'm goingIta 2 1 3 4:15 he's goingIta 2 1 3 4:18 you're going (tu)Ita 2 1 3 4:21 they're goingIta 2 1 3 4:26 vado - vanno' follows the same pattern as 'ho - hanno'Ita 2 1 3 4:36 to give / to donateIta 2 1 3 4:41 I giveIta 2 1 3 4:49 you give (tu)Ita 2 1 3 4:52 they giveIta 2 1 3 5:14 I wantIta 2 1 3 5:19 they wantIta 2 1 3 5:30 I canIta 2 1 3 5:32 they canIta 2 1 3 5:35 you can (voi)Ita 2 1 3 5:45 you want (voi)Ita 2 1 3 5:51 we wantIta 2 1 3 5:55 we canIta 2 1 4 0:01 to say / to tellIta 2 1 4 0:07 I'm telling / I'm sayingIta 2 1 4 0:18 I'm telling you. (signore) / I'm telling her.Ita 2 1 4 0:34 I'm telling him.Ita 2 1 4 0:38 I'm telling it to him.Ita 2 1 4 0:46 The combination of 'gli' + 'lo' changes to 'glielo'.Ita 2 1 4 0:57 I'm giving it to her.Ita 2 1 4 1:11 They are not telling me.Ita 2 1 4 1:24 They're not telling it to me.Ita 2 1 4 1:35 If you have 'it to me', the 'mi' changes to 'me lo'.Ita 2 1 4 1:49 to understandIta 2 1 4 1:52 I understandIta 2 1 4 1:57 I don't understand it.Ita 2 1 4 2:03 They don't understand it.Ita 2 1 4 2:11 I don't know him.Ita 2 1 4 2:17 They don't know me.Ita 2 1 4 2:27 I'm finishingIta 2 1 4 2:34 I'm finishing it.Ita 2 1 4 2:39 They're finishing it.

With all -are verbs, for 'they' you go from the first person 'parlo' to 'parlano'. For all other verbs, the first person -o will lead you to the third person -ono, which maintains the same stress.

Ita 2 1 4 2:44 They don't want to do it.Ita 2 1 4 3:06 They don't want to tell me.Ita 2 1 5 0:01 The key to 'voi' is the infinitive.Ita 2 1 5 0:07 Why don't you tell me?Ita 2 1 5 0:19 Why can't you do it?Ita 2 1 5 0:49 Why can't they do it?Ita 2 1 5 1:15 Why don't they do it?Ita 2 1 5 1:26 Why don't you do it, signore?Ita 2 1 5 1:40 Why don't you do it? (friend / Roberto)Ita 2 1 5 1:53 Why don't you do it? (voi)Ita 2 1 5 2:04 Why don't you tell me? (voi)Ita 2 1 5 2:36 Why don't you tell it to me? (voi)Ita 2 1 5 3:00 Why don't you do it? (voi)Ita 2 1 5 3:13 Why don't you want to do it? (voi)Ita 2 1 5 3:30 Why can't you tell it to me now?

Ita 2 1 6 0:06 We cannot do it because we don't want to do it.Ita 2 1 6 0:26 We're going to see it.Ita 2 1 6 1:00 Can you please show me what you have bought?Ita 2 1 6 1:36 Can you make me see (what you've bought)?Ita 2 1 6 2:10 This is not what I want.Ita 2 1 6 2:25 I'm preparing it.Ita 2 1 6 3:04 I'm preparing it right now.Ita 2 1 6 3:31 I'm just about to prepare it.Ita 2 1 6 3:50

Ita 2 1 7 0:29 I haveIta 2 1 7 0:34 to leaveIta 2 1 7 0:39 I will leave (to leave I have)Ita 2 1 7 0:47 he will leave (to leave he has)Ita 2 1 7 0:53 you will leave (to leave you have), RobertoIta 2 1 7 1:02 they will leave (to leave they have)Ita 2 1 7 1:10

Ita 2 1 7 2:28 At what time will you leave, Roberto?Ita 2 1 7 2:38 At what time will you leave, signore?Ita 2 1 7 2:46 you will leave (voi)Ita 2 1 7 3:03 we will leaveIta 2 1 7 3:31 we would leaveIta 2 1 7 3:59 We will do it.Ita 2 1 7 4:07 We would do it.Ita 2 1 7 4:13 We wouldn't do it.Ita 2 1 7 4:21 We won't do it.Ita 2 1 7 4:45 He won't tell me.Ita 2 1 7 4:53 We won't do it.Ita 2 1 7 5:04 We wouldn't do it.Ita 2 1 7 5:12 They will do it.Ita 2 1 7 5:20 I won't do it.Ita 2 1 7 5:30 Why won't you do it? (tu)Ita 2 1 8 0:07 I would doIta 2 1 8 0:13 he would doIta 2 1 8 0:40 they would doIta 2 1 8 0:49 They wouldn't do it.Ita 2 1 8 0:56 He wouldn't tell me.Ita 2 1 8 1:06 They wouldn't tell me.

'stare' belongs to the handful of verbs (avere, essere, andare, fare) that doesn't follow the usual sequence: sto (I), stanno (they), sta (he/she/it), stai (you), stiamo (we), state (you, voi)

The 'r' is the key sound for the future tense. The endings are: -rò, -rai, -rà and -ranno. You hook them onto the infinitive except for the -are verbs where -arò changes to -erò (preparerò).

Ita 2 1 8 1:38 You will be here.Ita 2 1 8 1:55 I will be here.Ita 2 1 8 2:00 They will be here soon.Ita 2 1 8 2:07 right awayIta 2 1 8 2:10 soonIta 2 1 8 2:15 laterIta 2 1 8 2:20 We will be here.Ita 2 1 8 2:26 But it wouldn't be possible that way.Ita 2 1 8 2:42 We would be very happy to do it.Ita 2 1 8 3:12 It will please me very much to do it.Ita 2 1 8 3:26 But I wouldn't like to do it. (It wouldn't please me to do it.)Ita 2 1 8 3:46 It would be very important for me.Ita 2 1 8 4:02 I will have it for you.Ita 2 1 8 4:18 But we won't have it today.Ita 2 1 8 4:28 I wouldn't have it today.Ita 2 1 8 4:49 I will leaveIta 2 1 8 4:53 they will leaveIta 2 1 8 5:01 you will leaveIta 2 1 8 5:06 you (Roberto) will leaveIta 2 1 8 5:16 you all will leaveIta 2 1 8 5:25 When will you leave? (voi)Ita 2 1 8 5:49 We will leave soon.Ita 2 1 8 6:00 But we wouldn't leave today.Ita 2 1 8 6:17 he will leaveIta 2 1 8 6:22 he would leaveIta 2 1 8 6:30 they will leaveIta 2 1 8 6:42 they would leaveIta 2 1 8 7:02 He told me that he won't leave.Ita 2 1 8 7:23 I really know that he wouldn't leave.Ita 2 1 8 7:50 I'm sure that they wouldn't leave today.Ita 2 1 8 8:20 you would leave (tu)Ita 2 1 8 8:30 The 'would' part for 'tu' is -resti and for 'voi' it's -reste.Ita 2 1 8 9:01 You would be here. (tu)Ita 2 1 8 9:18 You would be here (all of you).Ita 2 1 8 9:30 The 'r' is the key for 'will' and 'would'. Remember to 'hit' the endings.Ita 2 1 9 0:01 I will have it.Ita 2 1 9 0:09 I would have it.Ita 2 1 9 0:16 I would have bought it.Ita 2 1 9 0:22 We would have waited for you.Ita 2 1 9 0:35 We would have waited for him.Ita 2 1 9 0:45 They wouldn't have waited for me.Ita 2 1 9 1:22

Ita 2 1 10 0:01 I'm preparing it.Ita 2 1 10 0:27 I'm just about to prepare it.Ita 2 1 10 0:38 I'm in the process of preparing it.Ita 2 1 10 1:32 I will tell you tomorrow.Ita 2 1 10 1:52 I tell you. (Roberto)Ita 2 1 10 1:55 I tell it to you (tomorrow).Ita 2 1 10 2:05 I will tell him.Ita 2 1 10 2:11 I will tell it to him.Ita 2 1 10 2:24 I will tell it to you tomorrow. (signore)Ita 2 1 10 3:59 He wouldn't tell it to me.Ita 2 1 11 0:01 I'm preparing it.Ita 2 1 11 0:16

He would have seen me and he would have told me why he won't do it (that way).

We have a past -ing tense in English: I was preparing, I was doing it, he was buying it. We also have a present -ing tense: am/are/is doing. In the past it's 'was' or 'were doing': the w-ing tense.

Ita 2 1 11 1:38 I was speakingIta 2 1 11 1:52 he was speakingIta 2 1 11 2:06 they were speakingIta 2 1 11 2:20 you were speaking (tu, friend)Ita 2 1 11 2:31 you were speaking (voi)Ita 2 1 11 2:42 we were speakingIta 2 1 11 2:49 I was sellingIta 2 1 11 2:56 they were sellingIta 2 1 11 3:13 he was sellingIta 2 1 11 3:18 you were selling (Roberto)Ita 2 1 11 3:34 we were sellingIta 2 1 11 3:41 I was leavingIta 2 1 11 3:47 he was leavingIta 2 1 11 3:52 you (Roberto) were leavingIta 2 1 11 3:59 they were leavingIta 2 1 11 4:05 we were leavingIta 2 1 11 4:14 you were leaving (voi)Ita 2 1 11 4:23 I'm doing (it).Ita 2 1 11 4:32 They're doing (it).Ita 2 1 11 4:38 You're doing it. (tu)Ita 2 1 11 4:44 He's doing it.Ita 2 1 11 4:48 You're doing it. (voi)Ita 2 1 11 4:50 We're doing it.Ita 2 1 11 4:54 I was doing it.Ita 2 1 11 5:01 He was doing it.Ita 2 1 11 5:07 They were doing it.Ita 2 1 11 5:15 We were doing it.Ita 2 1 11 5:24 You were doing it. (voi)Ita 2 1 11 5:34

Ita 2 1 11 6:10 I did it. / I've done it.Ita 2 1 11 6:12

Ita 2 1 11 7:18 I did it every day.Ita 2 1 11 7:38 I was doing it.Ita 2 1 11 7:45 I did it.Ita 2 2 1 0:11

Ita 2 2 1 0:48 I knewIta 2 2 1 0:51 I knew it.Ita 2 2 1 0:54 I didn't know it.Ita 2 2 1 1:18 I found out.Ita 2 2 1 1:29 I found out that it will be ready soon.Ita 2 2 1 1:50 I didn't know it.Ita 2 2 1 2:15

Ita 2 2 1 2:38 I (always) wanted it.Ita 2 2 1 2:50 I have wanted it.Ita 2 2 1 3:16 I didn't want to buy it.Ita 2 2 1 3:29

Ita 2 2 1 4:15 I didn't want to have it.Ita 2 2 1 4:29 I don't understand what you mean.

The w-ing tense expresses a straight line in the past, either a short straight line or a very long line.

In English you don't make a sharp distinction between a 'dot' or a 'straight line' in the past. In Italian the line in the past (I was doing - facevo) can also be a broken line (I used to do it, often, every day).

A few verbs when used in the past tense express a straight line in the past, such as 'to know'. 'I knew' doesn't refer to a specific moment in the past (a 'dot' past), but to knowledge you've had for some time, either a short or a long period of time.

Another verb that usually expresses a 'line' in the past is 'volere' (to want): I wanted - I always wanted it.

I was looking at it (but) I didn't want to buy it. (at that moment) voluto comprarlo.

Ita 2 2 1 5:03

Ita 2 2 1 5:46

Ita 2 2 1 6:34 I wasIta 2 2 1 6:46 I hadIta 2 2 1 6:49 I wantedIta 2 2 1 6:51 I knewIta 2 2 1 7:08 I couldIta 2 2 1 7:13 I couldn't find it.Ita 2 2 1 7:27 I didn't know where it was.Ita 2 2 1 8:40 I was looking for it but I didn't find it.Ita 2 2 1 9:09 I was looking for it but I couldn't find it.Ita 2 2 2 0:01

Ita 2 2 2 1:15 He couldn't do it. / He wouldn't be able to do it.Ita 2 2 2 2:09 He couldn't do it (yesterday).Ita 2 2 2 3:25 Could you tell me where it is?Ita 2 2 2 4:05 Can you tell me where it is?Ita 2 2 2 4:20 Could you please tell me where it is?Ita 2 2 2 4:57 He was looking for it and he couldn't find it.Ita 2 2 3 0:01 must / to have toIta 2 2 3 0:18 I must see it.Ita 2 2 3 0:30 You have to tell me.Ita 2 2 3 0:42 You have to tell me. (Roberto)Ita 2 2 3 0:57 You all have to tell me.Ita 2 2 3 1:10 We have to buy it.Ita 2 2 3 1:31 I will have to do it.Ita 2 2 3 1:50 He will have to be here.Ita 2 2 3 2:05

Ita 2 2 3 2:52 He would have to be here.Ita 2 2 3 3:51 He should be here.Ita 2 2 3 4:00 You should tell me.Ita 2 2 3 4:10 I think that you should do it. (Roberto)Ita 2 2 3 4:58 I think that you should do it. (voi)Ita 2 2 3 5:25 We have to buy it.Ita 2 2 3 5:38 you would have to (tu)Ita 2 2 3 6:18 You should tell me. (tu)Ita 2 2 3 6:34 You all should come (with me).Ita 2 2 3 7:02 He had to wait.Ita 2 2 4 0:01 I won't be able to do it without you.Ita 2 2 4 0:21 I couldn't have done it without you. / I wouldn't have been able to do it.Ita 2 2 4 2:34

Ita 2 2 4 3:45 Could you wait for me now? (signore)Ita 2 2 4 4:11 Could you wait for me now? (Roberto)Ita 2 2 4 4:46 Could you wait for me now? (voi)Ita 2 2 4 4:59 I'm sorry but I couldn't wait for you because I had to leave.

Ita 2 2 4 6:00 I haven't been able to wait (for you).Ita 2 2 4 6:23 to go awayIta 2 2 4 6:50 I'm leavingIta 2 2 4 7:27 I had to leave.

Other verbs with a past tense that expresses a line in the past are 'avere' and 'essere'.

I didn't want to do it because I didn't have the time to do it because I was very busy.

'could' in English expresses two different tenses: 'he couldn't do it' can mean 'he wouldn't be able to do it' or 'he wasn't able to do it'.

Whenever you have two or three consecutive verbs, the second and the third verb will be in the infinitive, except after any form of 'avere' or 'essere'. 'avere' and 'essere' are the two 'diving towers' after which you 'dive' into the past.

If 'could' is not clearly in the past, use 'potrei, potrebbe, potresti, potreste, potrebbero, potremmo'. If it is clearly the past, use 'potevo'.

Ita 2 2 5 0:17

Ita 2 2 5 1:03 I couldn't do it now.Ita 2 2 5 1:12 I couldn't do it yesterday.Ita 2 2 5 1:35 I have not been able to do it.Ita 2 2 5 2:02 I could have / I would have been ableIta 2 2 5 3:02 I could not have waited for you.Ita 2 2 5 3:26 I could have told you.Ita 2 2 5 3:50 I couldn't have gone there.Ita 2 2 5 5:04 I would have to do it.Ita 2 2 5 7:26 I should do it.Ita 2 2 5 7:31 You should tell me. (signore)Ita 2 2 5 7:50 I shouldIta 2 2 5 7:55 You should wait for me. (tu)Ita 2 2 5 8:53 You have to wait for me.Ita 2 2 6 0:01

Ita 2 2 6 2:53 to be able toIta 2 2 6 3:39 you can (voi)Ita 2 2 6 5:41 Can you tell me? (voi)Ita 2 2 6 6:06 Can you tell me? (tu)Ita 2 2 6 6:27 Can you tell me? (signore)Ita 2 2 6 6:41 Could you tell me? (tu)Ita 2 2 6 7:08 Could you tell me? (signore)Ita 2 2 6 8:15 I was looking for it (but) I couldn't find it.Ita 2 2 6 9:20 I couldn't find it (at that moment).Ita 2 2 6 9:48 (At that time) I had not been able to find it.Ita 2 2 6 10:19 I could have told you where it was.Ita 2 2 6 12:33

Ita 2 2 7 0:01 I asked you.Ita 2 2 7 0:19

Ita 2 2 7 0:39 I have done it.Ita 2 2 7 1:16 I haven't done it.Ita 2 2 7 1:26 He didn't do it. / He has not done it.Ita 2 2 7 1:46 I saw it.Ita 2 2 7 2:27 I've seen him.Ita 2 2 7 2:47 I've seen her.Ita 2 2 7 2:54

Ita 2 2 7 3:39 I've seen them.Ita 2 2 7 4:30

Ita 2 2 8 0:01 In 'diving', 'chiedere' becomes 'chiesto'.Ita 2 2 8 0:17 He asked me.Ita 2 2 8 0:31 Why didn't you ask me? (tu)Ita 2 2 8 0:53 In 'diving', 'dire' becomes 'detto'.Ita 2 2 8 1:07 Why didn't you tell me? (signore)Ita 2 2 8 1:25 In 'diving', 'fare' becomes 'fatto'.Ita 2 2 8 1:37 I did it.Ita 2 2 8 1:47 I didn't do it.Ita 2 2 8 1:55 Why didn't you do it? (signore)Ita 2 2 8 2:23 I didn't do it because I didn't know that you wanted to have it.

To say 'I could have done it' in Italian change it in English to 'I would have been able to do it'. To say 'I could have told you' change it in English to 'I would have been able to tell you'.

The 'handles': potere (can, to be able), dovere (to have to, must, should, supposed to), volere (to want, to wish, would like). They are used a lot and are followed by infinitives.

It is important not to guess. The thinking out process may seem long, but the time it takes to think out something is very short. Take your time.

In diving 'chiedere' becomes 'chiesto', 'dire' becomes 'detto' and 'fare' becomes 'fatto'.

In 'diving', the word you 'dive' into will agree with 'lo', 'la' or another direct object that you are using.

In 'diving', 'scrivere' becomes 'scritto'. parlare > parlato, partire > partito, sentire (to hear) > sentito, vendere > venduto. However, some verbs are different, such as 'vedere' which becomes 'veduto' or 'visto'.

Ita 2 2 8 4:21 that you wanted to have it (at that moment)Ita 2 2 9 0:07 Could you please tell me?Ita 2 2 9 0:58 He couldn't tell me because he did not know it.Ita 2 2 9 3:11 I could have told you. / I would have been able to tell you.Ita 2 2 9 4:11 He couldn't have done it that way.Ita 2 3 1 0:23 Whenever you want to say 'they', the 'I' form leads you into it.Ita 2 3 1 0:41 I'm leavingIta 2 3 1 0:50 they leaveIta 2 3 1 1:00 They're telling me.Ita 2 3 1 1:13 I knowIta 2 3 1 1:17 they knowIta 2 3 1 1:20

Ita 2 3 1 2:05 they canIta 2 3 1 2:50 they understandIta 2 3 1 3:04 they are finishingIta 2 3 1 3:26 For 'voi' you always go to the infinitive.Ita 2 3 1 3:38 you can (voi)Ita 2 3 1 3:49 they canIta 2 3 1 4:22 you're saying / telling (voi)Ita 2 3 1 4:56 Why don't you tell me?Ita 2 3 1 5:27 They cannot do it.Ita 2 3 1 6:00 They don't want to do it that way.Ita 2 3 1 6:16 They're not telling me.Ita 2 3 1 6:28 They don't understand it.Ita 2 3 1 6:40

Ita 2 3 1 7:47 they are eatingIta 2 3 1 8:00 they are sellingIta 2 3 1 8:10 They don't see it.Ita 2 3 1 8:20 they're finishingIta 2 3 1 8:49 I know him.Ita 2 3 1 9:00 They don't know him.Ita 2 3 1 9:13

Ita 2 3 1 9:38 At what time are you all leaving?Ita 2 3 1 9:52 At what time are they leaving?Ita 2 3 1 10:16 to have to, mustIta 2 3 1 10:27 I mustIta 2 3 1 10:34 They have to be here soon.Ita 2 3 1 10:59 they have toIta 2 3 1 11:06 you have to (voi)Ita 2 3 1 11:10 You all have to tell me.Ita 2 3 1 11:58 I haveIta 2 3 1 12:04 they haveIta 2 3 1 12:13 you have (voi)Ita 2 3 1 12:28 you are doingIta 2 3 1 12:59 Why don't you tell me? (voi)Ita 2 3 1 13:04 Why don't they tell me?Ita 2 3 2 0:01 We cannot find it.Ita 2 3 2 0:29 I will be able to do it.Ita 2 3 2 0:52 I won't be able to do it that way.Ita 2 3 2 1:10 He won't be able to come with us.Ita 2 3 2 1:26 They're not coming.Ita 2 3 2 1:55 I come

There are a handful of verbs which are different in the 'they' form: avere > hanno, essere > sono, dare > danno, andare > vanno, stare > stanno, fare > fanno

The only other exception for 'they', apart from the verbs above, is the -are verbs. You don't use 'parlo' for the 'they' form, it's 'parlano'.

For 'voi' (you all) the key is the infinitive. You just replace the 'r' of the infinitive with a 't'. The endings are -ate, -ete or -ite, depending on the verb.

Ita 2 3 2 2:16 Why don't you come? (voi form)Ita 2 3 2 2:47 You have to wait for me. (signora)Ita 2 3 2 3:25 You have to wait for me. (Roberto)Ita 2 3 2 3:39 you're leavingIta 2 3 2 3:45 you have toIta 2 3 2 4:05 we have toIta 2 3 2 4:18 we haveIta 2 3 2 4:27 We have to wait here.Ita 2 3 2 4:41 I will have to do it.Ita 2 3 2 5:02 We will have to do it.Ita 2 3 2 5:27 We would have to do it.Ita 2 3 2 6:04 We should do it.Ita 2 3 2 6:11 You should wait for me. (signore)Ita 2 3 2 7:22 he should / he would have toIta 2 3 2 7:27 they should / they would have toIta 2 3 2 7:40 you should (Roberto)Ita 2 3 2 7:55 you should (voi, all of you)Ita 2 3 2 8:27 They should tell me.Ita 2 3 2 8:43 Could you tell me? (Roberto)Ita 2 3 2 9:13 All of you could tell me. (voi)Ita 2 3 2 9:33 They couldn't tell me.Ita 2 3 3 0:01

Ita 2 3 3 0:49 I will leaveIta 2 3 3 1:05 he will leaveIta 2 3 3 1:10 you (Roberto) will leaveIta 2 3 3 1:16 they will leaveIta 2 3 3 1:25 we will leaveIta 2 3 3 1:36

Ita 2 3 3 2:00 we would leaveIta 2 3 3 2:06 we will leaveIta 2 3 3 2:16 you will leave (voi)Ita 2 3 3 2:50 We will tell you.Ita 2 3 3 3:12 We wouldn't tell him.Ita 2 3 3 3:29 We wouldn't give it to him.Ita 2 3 3 4:24 we will leaveIta 2 3 3 4:35 we would leaveIta 2 3 3 4:42 When will you leave? (voi)Ita 2 3 3 5:05 When will you do it? (voi)Ita 2 3 3 5:22 When will you do it? (signore)Ita 2 3 3 5:33 When will you do it? (Roberto)Ita 2 3 3 5:42 When will they do it? (OR you all, formal)Ita 2 3 3 5:59 He told me.Ita 2 3 3 6:17 He told me that he wouldn't do it.Ita 2 3 3 7:37 The endings for 'will' are: -rò, -rai, -rà, -ranno, -remo, -reteIta 2 3 3 8:01 I would do it.Ita 2 3 3 8:17 He would do it.Ita 2 3 3 8:23 They would do it.Ita 2 3 3 8:32 We would do it.Ita 2 3 3 9:01 You would do it. (tu)Ita 2 3 3 9:17 You would do it. (voi)Ita 2 3 4 0:30 I canIta 2 3 4 0:34 they canIta 2 3 4 0:47 we canIta 2 3 4 0:54 you can (Roberto)

The key to 'will' and 'would' is the 'r' of the infinitive. For 'will' use the 'have' endings: -o, -ai, -a or -anno are hooked onto the 'r' of the infinitive to give you the future tense endings.

For 'we will' we have to be very careful and make the sound distinction between 'we will' (-remo) and 'we would' (-remmo).

Ita 2 3 4 1:01 Can you tell me? (Roberto)Ita 2 3 4 1:10 Can you tell me? (signora)Ita 2 3 4 1:22 all of you can (voi)Ita 2 3 4 1:40 I will be able to do it.Ita 2 3 4 1:50 I won't be able to do it that way.Ita 2 3 4 2:03 He will be able to do it.Ita 2 3 4 2:10 They will be able to do it.Ita 2 3 4 2:19 You will be able to do it. (signore)Ita 2 3 4 2:29 He won't be able to do it.Ita 2 3 4 2:35 You (Roberto) will be able to do it.Ita 2 3 4 2:46 We will be able to do it.Ita 2 3 4 2:56 We would be able to do it.Ita 2 3 4 3:30 We couldn't find it.Ita 2 3 4 3:42 I couldn't go there last night.Ita 2 3 4 4:01 I couldn't go there tonight.Ita 2 3 4 4:45 Can you tell me? (voi)Ita 2 3 4 4:57 Could you tell me? (signore)Ita 2 3 4 5:19 Could you tell me? (Roberto)Ita 2 3 4 5:37 Could you tell me? (voi)Ita 2 3 4 5:50

Ita 2 3 4 6:47 You could have told me.Ita 2 3 4 7:11 I could have told you.Ita 2 3 5 0:01 'should' in Italian is the same as 'would have to'.Ita 2 3 5 0:17 I should do it.Ita 2 3 5 0:33 You should wait for me.Ita 2 3 5 0:55 We should go there.Ita 2 3 5 1:11 They should come with us.Ita 2 3 5 1:28 All of you should wait for us.Ita 2 3 5 1:50

Ita 2 3 5 2:10 You could have told me. (voi)Ita 2 3 5 3:08 I could have done it.Ita 2 3 5 3:36 I should haveIta 2 3 5 3:44 I should have told you.Ita 2 3 5 4:15 We should have left earlier.Ita 2 3 5 4:32 earlierIta 2 3 5 4:49 in a little whileIta 2 3 6 0:15

Ita 2 3 6 1:55 I wentIta 2 3 6 2:27 we wentIta 2 3 6 2:52 Where did you go? (Carla)Ita 2 3 6 4:09 Where did you go? (girls)Ita 2 3 6 4:30 Where did you go? (mixed group)Ita 2 3 6 4:44 We went to see it.Ita 2 3 6 5:06 he leftIta 2 3 6 5:32 At what time did you leave? (signore)Ita 2 3 6 5:48 At what time did you leave? (Carla)Ita 2 3 6 6:11 we leftIta 2 3 6 6:34 We've just left.Ita 2 3 6 6:48 He just arrived. / He has just arrived.Ita 2 3 6 7:11 we went outIta 2 3 6 7:27 to go out

The forms for 'could' are: potrei, potrebbe, potresti, potreste, potrebbero, potremmo. For 'could' in the past use 'potevo'. For 'could have' you have to use the equivalent of 'would have been able to'.

For 'should have' you have to use the equivalent of 'would have had to', just as for 'could have' you have to use the equivalent of 'would have been able to'.

In Italian some verbs in the past use 'essere' (be): you have to 'dive' from the 'essere' tower. They are verbs of 'coming' and 'going'. We still have some examples in modern English: The time is come. He is gone.

Ita 2 3 6 7:36 I'm going outIta 2 3 6 7:48 they're going outIta 2 3 6 7:59 you are going out (voi)Ita 2 3 7 0:01

Ita 2 3 7 0:18 Go out!Ita 2 3 7 0:38 Don't go out!Ita 2 3 7 1:11 Don't go out! (tu)Ita 2 3 7 1:13 Don't tell me! (Roberto)Ita 2 3 7 1:42 Don't wait for me! (friend)Ita 2 3 7 2:05 Come. (signore)Ita 2 3 7 2:35 Don't go there. (Roberto)Ita 2 3 7 2:52 Don't come. (signore)Ita 2 3 7 3:14 Don't tell me. (Roberto)Ita 2 3 7 3:26 Tell me. (signore)Ita 2 3 7 4:07 Don't tell me.Ita 2 3 7 4:26 The polite imperative with -are verbs is not formed with -a but with -i.Ita 2 3 7 4:40 Speak more slowly.Ita 2 3 7 5:11 Speak! (Roberto)Ita 2 3 7 5:28 Leave! (signore)Ita 2 3 7 5:38 Leave! (Roberto) Parti!Ita 2 3 7 5:54 Speak Italian with me, Roberto!Ita 2 3 7 6:06 Speak Italian with me (signore)!Ita 2 3 7 6:23 Don't speak! (tu)Ita 2 3 7 7:00 There are a few exceptions to the commands for the 'tu' form.Ita 2 3 7 7:17 I'm telling you.Ita 2 3 7 7:29 Tell me. (signore)Ita 2 3 7 7:56 Don't tell me. (Roberto)Ita 2 3 7 8:29 Don't tell me what you want to buy.Ita 2 3 7 8:56 Tell me. (Roberto)Ita 2 3 7 9:13 Do it.Ita 2 3 7 9:26 Don't do it. (Roberto)Ita 2 3 7 9:41 Give me.Ita 2 3 7 9:54 Don't give me.Ita 2 3 8 0:01 He's just arrived.Ita 2 3 8 0:12 He would have arrived earlier.Ita 2 3 8 0:44

Ita 2 3 8 2:13 You would do it.Ita 2 3 8 4:17 They wouldn't do it.Ita 2 3 8 4:28 I wouldn't do it.Ita 2 3 8 4:37 I would have done it.Ita 2 3 8 5:02 I wouldn't do it now.Ita 2 3 8 5:08 I wouldn't have done it.Ita 2 3 8 5:18 We wouldn't buy it.Ita 2 3 8 6:19 I will buyIta 2 3 8 6:27 he will buyIta 2 3 8 6:34 we will buyIta 2 3 8 6:41 we would buyIta 2 3 8 6:47 we would have bought

To form the polite imperative, take the first person of the verb and change -o to -a, except with the -are verbs.

We are learning how to use 'would have' with either 'avrei' or 'sarei', but also to make a distinction between 'would' and 'would have', 'could' and 'could have', 'should' and 'should have'. We'll talk about going into the 'woulds' in one direction and into the 'coulds' and the 'shoulds' in a separate direction, away from the 'woulds'. It is very important to keep the 'coulds' and the 'shoulds' out of the 'woulds'. Whenever you want to go into the 'woulds', you know you have to hit the 'r'.

Ita 2 3 8 7:40

Ita 2 3 8 8:35 he would leaveIta 2 3 8 8:49 he would have leftIta 2 3 8 9:19 He would buy it.Ita 2 3 8 9:43 He would have bought it.Ita 2 3 8 10:03 He wouldn't tell me.Ita 2 3 8 10:18 He wouldn't have told you.Ita 2 3 8 10:53 He would arrive soon.Ita 2 3 8 11:23 He would have arrived a long time ago.Ita 2 3 8 11:46 'fa' means 'ago'.Ita 2 4 1 0:01

Ita 2 4 1 0:47 I couldn't find it. (I wasn't able to find it.)Ita 2 4 1 1:08 I couldn't find it (wouldn't be able to find it).Ita 2 4 1 1:18 Could you tell me? (signore)Ita 2 4 1 1:56 You could have told me.Ita 2 4 1 2:40 I know that you couldn't do it.Ita 2 4 1 3:41 He wasn't able to do it.Ita 2 4 1 4:08 I could do it.Ita 2 4 1 4:16 Could you tell me? (signore)Ita 2 4 1 4:29 I could have told you.Ita 2 4 1 4:50 I would have left sooner.Ita 2 4 1 5:35 I could have left sooner.Ita 2 4 1 5:54 I would have arrived on time.Ita 2 4 1 6:43 You have to wait for me.Ita 2 4 1 8:32 You should wait for me. (signore)Ita 2 4 1 8:52 You should have waited for me.Ita 2 4 2 0:01 to go upIta 2 4 2 0:07 I'm going upIta 2 4 2 0:26 they're going upIta 2 4 2 0:35 you're going up (voi)Ita 2 4 2 0:50 I went upIta 2 4 2 1:11 I have beenIta 2 4 2 1:27 he has beenIta 2 4 2 1:36 she has beenIta 2 4 2 1:46 I was there yesterday. / I've been there yesterday.Ita 2 4 2 2:24 there wasIta 2 4 2 2:27 there isIta 2 4 2 2:31 there areIta 2 4 2 2:37 There are many problems.Ita 2 4 2 2:40 There are many people.Ita 2 4 2 3:06 There are so many people.Ita 2 4 2 3:25 There were so many people.Ita 2 4 3 0:01 Wait! (tu)Ita 2 4 3 0:30 Wait! (signora)Ita 2 4 3 0:41 Speak! (lei)Ita 2 4 3 0:51 Speak! (Roberto)Ita 2 4 3 0:58

Ita 2 4 3 1:17 Leave! (signore)

Whenever you want to go into the 'woulds', you have to hit the 'r', whether it is a plain 'would' or 'would have'. With 'would have' you have to know if you have to dive from 'avere' or 'essere'. So 'would have' is either 'avrei' (avrei parlato - I would have spoken) or 'sarei' (sarei partito - I would have left).

'would have' is either 'avrei, avrebbe, avremmo, etc.' or 'sarei, sarebbe, saremmo, sarebbero, saresti, etc.'. Keep the 'coulds' and the 'shoulds' out of the 'woulds'. With 'could' you have to know if it is clearly the past (potevo, poteva etc.) or plain 'could' (potrei, potrebbe etc.).

These endings (-a for Roberto and -i for signore) are for the command forms of -are verbs. For all other verbs you switch them around (-i for Roberto and -a for signore).

Ita 2 4 3 1:27 At what time are you leaving?Ita 2 4 3 1:49 At what time do we leave? / At what time are we leaving?Ita 2 4 3 1:59 Let's leave!Ita 2 4 3 2:13 Let's go!Ita 2 4 3 2:20 I'm comingIta 2 4 3 2:25 they're comingIta 2 4 3 2:29 you're coming (voi)Ita 2 4 3 2:36 we're comingIta 2 4 3 2:42 he's comingIta 2 4 3 2:49 you're coming (Roberto)Ita 2 4 3 2:58 Come! (signora)Ita 2 4 3 3:11 Come! (Roberto)Ita 2 4 3 3:22 Tell me! (Roberto)Ita 2 4 3 3:41 Don't tell me!Ita 2 4 3 3:53 Tell me! (signore)Ita 2 4 3 4:18 Tell it to me now! (signore)Ita 2 4 4 0:01

Ita 2 4 4 3:44 Speak! (signore)Ita 2 4 4 4:17 that I speak / that you (tu) speak / that he speak(s)Ita 2 4 4 4:27 (that) they speakIta 2 4 4 4:41 (that) we speakIta 2 4 4 4:47 (that) you speakIta 2 4 4 4:52

Ita 2 4 4 5:43 I want you to speak.Ita 2 4 4 6:55

Ita 2 4 4 7:10 Leave! (signore)Ita 2 4 4 7:23 I leave (subj.)Ita 2 4 4 7:26 you leave (tu) (subj.)Ita 2 4 4 7:28 he/she/it leaves (subj.)Ita 2 4 4 7:30 you leave (signore) (subj.)Ita 2 4 4 7:34 they leave (subj.)Ita 2 4 4 7:45 we leave (subj.)Ita 2 4 4 8:04 you leave (voi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 4 8:24 I want you to leave (voi) with me.Ita 2 4 4 8:53 At what time are you leaving? (voi)Ita 2 4 4 9:11 Why don't you want me to sell it?Ita 2 4 4 9:52 I don't want you to sell it.Ita 2 4 4 10:15

Ita 2 4 4 10:35 I want you to do it.Ita 2 4 4 11:01 I want you to tell me.Ita 2 4 4 11:16 At what time do you want me to finish?Ita 2 4 4 11:33 I want you to call me.Ita 2 4 5 0:01

Ita 2 4 5 1:59 It is important that you be here.

The command tense or subjunctive is formed in the same way as the command for 'signore, signora'. In English we also have the subjunctive, although it is not used much, whilst in Italian it is used a lot. In English you use the subjunctive when you say 'if I were' instead of 'if I was' or in emphatic expressions, such as 'it is absolutely necessary that you be here'. In English in most cases you can get round this. For example, you can say 'I want you/him to do it'. In Italian you can't say this, so you have to say 'I want that you/he do it'. You have to use the subjunctive.

'parliamo' is the same as the command form, but 'parliate' is different from the command form which is 'parlate'.

To form the subjunctive with verbs that don't end in -are, it's the same pattern but you use -a, instead of -i.

The subjunctive is a mood tense: it expresses an element of doubt, of uncertainty, not an established fact.

The subjunctive of 'essere' and 'avere' is a little different. For 'have' start from 'abbiamo' (we have). The subjunctive for 'I, you, he/she/it' is: abbia, abbia, abbia. For 'be' start from 'siamo' (we are). The subjunctive for 'I, you, he/she/it' is: sia, sia, sia.

Ita 2 4 5 2:28 It is important that I be here.Ita 2 4 5 2:40 It is important that they be here.Ita 2 4 5 3:07 It is important that all of you be here. (loro)Ita 2 4 5 3:25 it is importantIta 2 4 5 3:43 I have need, I needIta 2 4 5 3:50 I need it / I have need of it.Ita 2 4 5 4:21 I don't need it.Ita 2 4 5 4:41 It is important that he is here.Ita 2 4 6 0:01

Ita 2 4 6 0:50 It was necessary that I spoke.Ita 2 4 6 0:59 I spoke (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 1:24 you spoke (tu) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 1:27 he, she, it, you spoke (lei) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 1:34 they spoke (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 1:38 we spoke (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 1:42 you spoke (voi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 1:52 It was necessary that we spoke.Ita 2 4 6 2:42

Ita 2 4 6 3:44

Ita 2 4 6 4:02 you left (tu) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 4:06 we left (noi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 5:00 you left (voi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 5:10 he, she, it, you (lei) left (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 5:26 they left (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 5:34 you left (voi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 6:08 I sold (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 6:23 you sold (tu) (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 6:28 we sold (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 6:35 they sold (subj.)Ita 2 4 6 6:41 you sold (voi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 7 0:20 From 'avere' you make the past subjunctive 'avessi'.Ita 2 4 7 0:34 you had (tu) (subj.)Ita 2 4 7 0:40 we had (subj.)Ita 2 4 7 0:56 they had (subj.)Ita 2 4 7 1:06 he, she, it, you (lei) had (subj.)Ita 2 4 7 1:22 you had (voi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 7 1:28 Use the past subjunctive after 'if' (se), like in the English 'if I were here'.Ita 2 4 7 2:03 If I had known it, I would have done it.Ita 2 4 7 4:15 And I would have prepared it for you.Ita 2 4 7 6:54 If I had the time, I would do it.Ita 2 4 8 0:20 The past subjunctive of 'to be' is 'fossi'.Ita 2 4 8 0:40 if I wereIta 2 4 8 0:44 you were (tu) (subj.)Ita 2 4 8 0:49 he were (subj.)Ita 2 4 8 0:53 they were (subj.)Ita 2 4 8 1:01 we were (subj.)Ita 2 4 8 1:06 you were (voi) (subj.)Ita 2 4 8 1:14

Ita 2 4 8 1:49 if I had leftIta 2 4 8 1:53 to leaveIta 2 4 8 2:00 I left

The subjunctive or command tense for 'have' is: abbia, abbia, abbia, abbiano, and abbiamo, abbiate. And for 'to be': sia, sia, sia, siano, and siamo, siate. The past subjunctive is also much used in Italian. For -are verbs it is -assi.

We can group the past subjunctive verb forms like this: parlassi, parlassi, parlassimo parlasse, parlaste, parlassero

For -are verbs the ending is -assi (parlassi), for -ere verbs -essi (vendessi), for -ire verbs -issi (partissi).

'avessi' and 'fossi' are used a lot in Italian. 'se fossi' is used for 'if I had' with all the verbs conjugated with 'to be'.

Ita 2 4 8 2:30 I had leftIta 2 4 8 3:08 if she had leftIta 2 4 8 3:22 if we had leftIta 2 4 8 3:45 I would have made a reservation if I had known it.Ita 2 4 8 4:38 I would have waited and I would have gone there.Ita 2 4 8 7:18 if you had called meIta 2 4 8 7:49 and if you had told meIta 2 4 8 8:05 that you wanted to have itIta 2 4 8 8:22 I would have given it to you.Ita 2 4 9 0:20

Ita 2 4 10 0:01 Advice on reading in Italian.

The historic past is not used much in the spoken language. You will find it more in literature. In some areas of Italy you will hear it also in the spoken language. So instead of 'ha parlato' you will hear 'parlò' (he spoke) or with -ere verbs you will find 'vendè' (he sold). It is useful to recognize it, especially in reading.

German Review Ttrack TtracknrN 1 1N 2 1

N 2 2possibile Y 2 3è Y 2 4È possibile. Y 2 5non è Y 2 6Non è possibile. Y 2 7per me Y 2 8È per me. Y 2 9Non è per me. Y 2 10Non è possibile per me. Y 2 11per lei Y 2 12per lei Y 2 13È per lei. Y 2 14Non è per me. Y 2 15È possibile per lei. Y 2 16

N 2 17Non è possibile per lei? Y 2 18perché? Y 2 19perché Y 2 20Perché non è possibile per lei? Y 2 21così Y 2 22È così. Y 2 23Non è così. Y 2 24Non è possibile per me così. Y 2 25Mi dispiace. Y 2 26

N 2 27

Mi dispiace, ma Y 2 28Mi dispiace, ma non è possibile per me così. Y 2 29

N 2 30probabile Y 2 31Non è probabile. Y 2 32

N 2 33probabilmente Y 2 34possibilmente Y 2 35tardi Y 3 1È tardi. Y 3 2molto Y 3 3È molto tardi. Y 3 4più N 3 5più tardi Y 3 6voglio Y 3 7io Y 3 8

N 3 9

sapere Y 3 10Voglio sapere. Y 3 11non voglio Y 3 12Non voglio sapere. Y 3 13dove Y 3 14Voglio sapere dov'è ... Y 3 15

N 3 16quanto Y 3 17Voglio sapere quant'è. Y 3 18comprare N 3 19voglio comprare Y 3 20la cosa Y 3 21Voglio comprare la cosa. Y 3 22la stessa cosa Y 3 23Voglio comprare la stessa cosa. Y 3 24Non voglio comprare la stessa cosa. Y 3 25lo stesso Y 3 26Voglio comprare lo stesso. Y 3 27Ma non voglio la stessa cosa. Y 3 28vuole Y 3 29Vuole la stessa cosa? Y 3 30Che vuole? / Che cosa vuole? / Cosa vuole? Y 3 31Cosa vuole comprare? Y 3 32qui Y 3 33Cosa vuole comprare qui? Y 3 34qualche Y 4 1qualchecosa / qualcosa Y 4 2Vuole comprare qualcosa qui? Y 4 3Perché non vuole comprare qualcosa qui? Y 4 4

N 4 5

Voglio sapere. Y 4 6lo Y 4 7saperlo Y 4 8

N 4 9

Voglio saperlo. Y 4 10comprare Y 4 11comprarlo Y 4 12Voglio comprarlo. Y 4 13Voglio sapere quant'è perché voglio comprarlo. Y 4 14se Y 4 15caro Y 4 16È molto caro. Y 4 17Non è molto caro. Y 4 18Voglio comprarlo se non è molto caro. Y 4 19troppo Y 4 20Non è troppo caro. Y 4 21Voglio comprarlo se non è troppo caro. Y 4 22avere Y 5 1Voglio averlo. Y 5 2quando Y 5 3

N 5 4Quando vuole averlo? / Quando vuol averlo? Y 5 5può Y 5 6Può averlo ... Y 5 7se vuole Y 5 8se vuole averlo / se vuol averlo Y 5 9ora / adesso Y 5 10

N 5 11Voglio averlo adesso. Y 5 12se è possibile Y 5 13

a che ora Y 5 14A che ora vuole (vuol) averlo? Y 5 15Può averlo adesso se vuole. Y 5 16-abile N 5 17probabile Y 5 18accettabile Y 5 19Non è accettabile per me. Y 5 20Mi dispiace, ma non è accettabile per me così. Y 5 21Voglio sapere perché non è accettabile per lei così perché è molto buono. N 5 22

buono N 5 23secondo me Y 6 1secondo lei Y 6 2Secondo me, è molto buono così. Y 6 3sono / io sono Y 6 4pronto Y 6 5Sono pronto. Y 6 6presto Y 6 7subito Y 6 8Sono pronto subito. N 6 9pronta N 6 10Sono pronta subito / presto. N 6 11È pronto. Y 6 12Non è pronto. Y 6 13è Y 6 14stare Y 6 15sto Y 6 16

N 6 17sta Y 6 18

N 6 19Sto qui. Y 6 20Sta qui. Y 6 21

N 6 22quanto tempo Y 6 23Quanto tempo sta? N 6 24Quanto tempo sta qui? Y 6 25

N 6 26

N 6 27

N 6 28

N 6 29

N 6 30

Voglio vedere. Y 7 1Voglio vederlo. Y 7 2

N 7 3Voglio vederla. Y 7 4

N 7 5Voglio vederla più tardi. Y 7 6un po' Y 7 7un po' più tardi Y 7 8Voglio vederla un po' più tardi. Y 7 9occupato Y 7 10

perché sono occupato adesso Y 7 11parlare Y 7 12Voglio parlare italiano. Y 7 13Voglio parlare italiano con lei. Y 7 14Vuole (Vuol) parlare italiano con me? Y 7 15Perché non vuol (vuole) parlare italiano con me? Y 7 16Mi dispiace, ma non posso parlare con lei ora (adesso). Y 7 17

N 7 18perché sono molto occupata ora N 7 19ma posso vederla un po' più tardi Y 7 20se vuole Y 7 21mangiare Y 7 22Voglio mangiare adesso. Y 7 23Cosa vuole mangiare? Y 7 24Cosa vuole mangiare adesso? Y 7 25Vuole mangiare qualcosa ora? Y 7 26Perché non vuole mangiare adesso? Y 7 27mangio Y 8 1mangia Y 8 2

N 8 3N 8 4

andare Y 8 5vedere Y 8 6venire Y 8 7parlo Y 8 8parla Y 8 9vedo Y 8 10vede Y 8 11prendere Y 8 12prendo Y 8 13prende Y 8 14Lo prendo. Y 8 15Lo prende. Y 8 16Perché non lo prende? Y 8 17

N 8 18

N 8 19

sono Y 8 20mangio Y 8 21non parlo Y 8 22Sì, parlo italiano, ma non parlo francese. N 8 23

N 8 24

non mangio Y 8 25Non sono occupato (occupata). Y 8 26non mangio Y 8 27non mangio Y 8 28preparare Y 9 1preparo Y 9 2

Lo preparo. Y 9 3Lo preparo. Y 9 4Non lo preparo. Y 9 5Non lo preparo. Y 9 6avere Y 9 7ho Y 9 8ha Y 9 9Ha qualcosa per me? Y 9 10Cosa ha per me? Y 9 11Ho fame. Y 9 12Ha fame? Y 9 13Vuole mangiare qualcosa adesso? Ha fame? Y 9 14Non vuole mangiare? N 9 15Non ha fame? N 9 16bere Y 9 17bevo Y 9 18beve Y 9 19Cosa beve? Y 9 20

N 9 21sete Y 9 22Ho sete. Y 9 23Ho sete e voglio bere. Y 9 24è N 9 25e N 9 26Vuole parlare italiano con me? N 9 27Cosa mangia? Y 9 28Cosa mangia? Y 9 29fare Y 9 30Cosa vuole fare? Y 9 31Vuole farlo? Y 9 32Perché non vuole farlo ora (adesso)? Y 9 33posso N 10 1può N 10 2Mi dispiace molto, ma non posso farlo adesso perché sono molto occupato ora. N 10 3

Posso farlo più tardi se ho tempo. N 10 4stare Y 10 5sto Y 10 6Sono occupato. / Sono occupata. Y 10 7stanco Y 10 8Sono molto stanco adesso. / Sono molto stanca adesso. Y 10 9la casa Y 10 10la cosa Y 10 11qualcosa Y 10 12a casa Y 10 13stasera Y 10 14sera Y 10 15Sono stanco. N 10 16E resto a casa stasera. N 10 17stare / restare N 10 18Sono stanca e sto a casa stasera. N 10 19domani Y 11 1domani sera Y 11 2domani mattina Y 11 3domani pomeriggio Y 11 4

N 11 5

La vedo domani. Y 11 6N 11 7

andare Y 11 8vado Y 11 9va Y 11 10

N 11 11

chiamare Y 11 12chiamo Y 11 13la chiamo Y 11 14La chiamo più tardi. Y 11 15La chiamo domani. Y 11 16Vado a vederlo. Y 11 17Lo vedo domani. Y 11 18

N 11 19

Vado a comprarlo. Y 11 20Lo compro domani. Y 11 21Lo compro adesso. Y 11 22stare Y 12 1sto Y 12 2Sto a casa stasera. Y 12 3Sta a casa stasera? Y 12 4Quanto tempo sta? Y 12 5partire Y 12 6Parto domani. Y 12 7A che ora parte domani? Y 12 8Perché non vuole partire con me? Y 12 9Perché non può partire con me? Y 12 10venire Y 12 11Perché non può venire con me adesso? Y 12 12

N 12 13

Vado a mangiare. Y 12 14Va a mangiare. Y 12 15Perché non può venire a vederlo con me stasera? Y 12 16devo Y 12 17dovere Y 12 18deve Y 12 19Deve venire con me. Y 12 20

N 12 21

Deve parlare italiano con me. Y 12 22aspettare Y 12 23

N 12 24

aspettarmi Y 12 25capire Y 12 26capirmi Y 12 27

N 12 28

Può capirmi? Y 12 29

Perché non può capirmi? Y 12 30dire Y 13 1Non posso dirlo in italiano. Y 13 2Può dirmi ... Y 13 3per me Y 13 4con me Y 13 5

N 13 6vuole / vuol Y 13 7Vuole dirmi dov'è? Y 13 8dove Y 13 9dove è / dov'è Y 13 10Vuol dirmi ... N 13 11

N 13 12

Può dirmi ... Y 13 13Può dirmi dov'è? Y 13 14trovare Y 13 15Vuol dirmi dov'è perché non posso trovarlo? Y 13 16ho Y 13 17Lo ho. / L'ho. Y 13 18Non l'ho. Y 13 19L'ha. Y 13 20Perché non l'ha per me adesso? Y 13 21Voglio averlo. Y 13 22Voglio Y 13 23Lo voglio. Y 13 24Lo voglio adesso. Y 13 25Non lo voglio adesso. Y 13 26Perché non lo vuole adesso? Y 13 27avere Y 13 28ho N 13 29ha N 13 30ha Y 13 31sapere Y 13 32

N 13 33so Y 13 34non so Y 13 35Lo so. Y 13 36Non lo so. Y 13 37Lo sa. Y 13 38Perché non lo sa? Y 13 39Sa dov'è? Y 13 40Può dirmi dov'è? Y 13 41Può dirmi quant'è ... Y 13 42perché voglio comprarlo. Y 13 43Devo averlo oggi se è possibile. Y 13 44Sto a casa stasera perché sono stanco. Y 14 1preparare Y 14 2Lo preparo. Y 14 3Perché non lo prepara per me? Y 14 4la cena Y 14 5cenare Y 14 6Vuole (Vuol) cenare con me stasera? Y 14 7

Dove vuole cenare stasera? N 14 8Non posso parlare con lei perché mangio. Y 14 9mangio Y 14 10

N 14 11

Sto mangiando. Y 14 12Cosa prepara? Y 14 13Cosa sta preparando? Y 14 14

N 14 15Sto per mangiare. Y 14 16Sto per prepararlo. Y 14 17per Y 15 1

N 15 2Non ho il tempo / Non ho tempo per farlo. Y 15 3

N 15 4

Non ho il tempo / Non ho tempo di farlo. Y 15 5partire Y 15 6Parto domani. Y 15 7A che ora parte? Y 15 8A che ora parte la settimana prossima? Y 15 9A che ora parte la settimana prossima? Y 15 10

N 15 11

Parto domani. Y 15 12Partirò domani. Y 15 13Partirà domani. Y 15 14fare Y 16 1farò Y 16 2Lo farò. Y 16 3Non lo farò. Y 16 4Lo farà. N 16 5Quando lo farà? Y 16 6dire Y 16 7chiamare Y 16 8La chiamo domani. Y 16 9sto N 16 10Sto qui. Y 16 11Sto a casa stasera. Y 16 12Starò a casa stasera. Y 16 13Quanto tempo sta in Italia? Y 16 14Quanto tempo starà in Italia? Y 16 15Non so. Y 16 16ancora Y 16 17Ancora non so. Y 16 18Ancora non so quanto tempo starò in Italia. Y 16 19Sono pronta. N 17 1È pronto. Y 17 2Deve essere / Dev'essere pronto subito. Y 17 3Può essere pronto subito. Y 17 4Sono pronto subito. Y 17 5sarò Y 17 6sarà Y 17 7Sarà pronto subito. Y 17 8

Ancora non so a che ora sarà pronto ma devo averlo oggi se è possibile. N 17 9

vedere Y 17 10vederlo Y 17 11vederla Y 17 12vedermi Y 17 13La chiamo più tardi. Y 17 14

N 17 15parlerò Y 17 16mangerò Y 17 17mangerà Y 17 18

N 17 19Mangeremo più tardi. Y 17 20Staremo a casa stasera. Y 17 21Partiremo domani. Y 17 22

N 18 1parliamo Y 18 2stiamo Y 18 3partiamo Y 18 4andiamo Y 18 5

N 18 6Andiamo. N 18 7Andiamo adesso. / Andiamo ora. Y 18 8Andiamo a comprarlo. Y 18 9Andiamo! Y 18 10Andiamo a mangiare. Y 18 11mangiamo Y 18 12Mangiamo! Y 18 13cominciare Y 18 14comincio Y 18 15A che ora comincia? Y 18 16A che ora comincerà domani? Y 18 17Cominciamo. Y 18 18Voglio sapere. Y 18 19Voglio sapere a che ora sarà pronto. Y 18 20vado Y 18 21va Y 18 22Dove va? Y 18 23Dove sarà stasera? Y 18 24buono Y 19 1È molto buono. Y 19 2È proprio buono. Y 19 3È proprio possibile. Y 19 4

N 19 5

È molto differente così. Y 19 6così Y 19 7Non è così differente. Y 19 8È così buono. Y 19 9Non è così differente così. N 19 10importante Y 19 11È molto importante così. Y 19 12Devo saperlo perché è molto importante per me. Y 19 13vorrei Y 19 14Vorrei saperlo. Y 19 15Vorrei andare con lei. Y 19 16ci Y 19 17

N 19 18andare Y 19 19andarci Y 19 20Vorrei andarci con lei. Y 19 21Vorrei andare a vederlo con lei stasera. Y 19 22

N 19 23

Voglio farlo. / Lo voglio fare. Y 20 1N 20 2

Non lo posso fare adesso. / Non posso farlo adesso. N 20 3Perché non mi può dire? Y 20 4Ancora non è pronto, ma sarà pronto per lei subito. Y 20 5fare Y 20 6faccio Y 20 7fa Y 20 8Perché non lo fa? Y 20 9Lo faccio. Y 20 10Lo sto facendo. / Sto facendolo. Y 20 11Sto per Y 20 12Sto per farlo. Y 20 13Lo faccio. Y 20 14dico Y 20 15dice Y 20 16Cosa dice? Y 20 17Perché non mi dice? Y 20 18capire Y 21 1Non posso capirlo. Y 21 2Può capirlo? N 21 3Può capirmi? Y 21 4Perché non può capirmi? Y 21 5capisco Y 21 6Lo capisco. Y 21 7Non lo capisco. Y 21 8capisce Y 21 9Lo capisce? Y 21 10Mi capisce? Y 21 11Non mi capisce? Y 21 12Perché non mi capisce? Y 21 13Non lo capisco molto bene. Y 21 14Cosa dice? Y 21 15cosa / che cosa / che Y 21 16ciò che / quel che Y 21 17Non so ciò che dice. Y 21 18Non capisco molto bene ciò che dice. Y 21 19Non è ciò che dico. Y 21 20Non capisco ciò che vuole dire / ciò che vuol dire. Y 21 21Non capisco ciò che vuol dire. Y 21 22Cosa vuol dire? Y 21 23Non capisce ciò che voglio dire. Y 21 24voglio Y 22 1Lo voglio. Y 22 2Non lo voglio. Y 22 3Voglio farlo. / Lo voglio fare. Y 22 4

N 22 5

Cosa vuole? Y 22 6

Lo vuole? Y 22 7Non lo vuole? Y 22 8Perché non lo vuole? Y 22 9Lo voglio, ma non adesso. Y 22 10Cosa dice? Y 22 11Perché non mi dice? Y 22 12Perché non me lo dice? Y 22 13

N 22 14

Le dico più tardi. Y 22 15Lo dico. Y 22 16Le dico. Y 22 17

N 22 18Le dico. Y 22 19Le dirò. Y 22 20dire Y 22 21dico Y 22 22dice Y 22 23dirò Y 22 24

N 22 25

capire Y 22 26capirò Y 22 27parlare Y 22 28

N 22 29

parlerò Y 22 30vedere Y 22 31vedrò Y 22 32vedrà Y 22 33vedremo Y 22 34vedrà Y 22 35Lo vedrò. Y 22 36Non lo vedrà. Y 22 37Lo vedremo. Y 22 38La vedrò più tardi. Y 22 39

N 22 40Non mi vedrà. Y 22 41dare Y 23 1

N 23 2dà Y 23 3Mi dà qualcosa. Y 23 4Perché non mi dà il libro? Y 23 5Perché non me lo dà adesso? Y 23 6portare Y 23 7La vedo stasera e le porterò il libro. Y 23 8

N 23 9La vedo e le porto il libro stasera. Y 23 10

N 23 11Gli darò il libro. Y 23 12Gli dico. Y 23 13Gli parlo. Y 23 14Gli dirò. Y 23 15Voglio dirgli. Y 23 16

N 23 17

N 24 1

Non gli dirò. Y 24 2Non gli dico. N 24 3Non gli dico domani. N 24 4

N 24 5

N 24 6

Non le dico perché non voglio dirle. N 24 7N 24 8

vuole Y 24 9può N 24 10

N 24 11

Mi dirà? Y 25 1vuole Y 25 2Vuol / Vuole dirmi? Y 25 3Perché non mi vuol dire? N 25 4Non mi dirà. Y 25 5Non le dirò. Y 25 6Le dirò più tardi. Y 25 7Non le dico adesso. N 25 8Non le dirò. Y 25 9

N 25 10

Vuole dirmi? / Vuol dirmi? Y 25 11Mi dispiace, ma Y 26 1mi piace Y 26 2mi piace molto Y 26 3Mi piace molto farlo. Y 26 4Ma non mi piace farlo adesso. Y 26 5Lo farò più tardi se ho il tempo. N 26 6mi piace N 26 7Mi piace molto parlare italiano. Y 26 8Le piace? Y 26 9le piace Y 26 10Non mi piace stare qui. Y 26 11Mi dispiace. Y 26 12Mi piace molto farlo. Y 26 13Voglio farlo. Y 26 14Non lo farò. Y 26 15Non voglio farlo adesso. Y 26 16Non lo farò. N 26 17Voglio farlo. / Lo voglio fare. Y 27 1Non posso farlo adesso. / Non lo posso fare adesso. Y 27 2Non le posso dire dov'è perché non lo so. Y 27 3Voglio dirle qualcosa. Y 27 4Non le dirò. Y 27 5mi piace Y 27 6le piace Y 27 7Le dispiace? Y 27 8Non le dispiace? Y 27 9non le dispiace dirmi / vuole (vuol) dirmi Y 27 10

Cosa vuol dire? / Cosa vuole dire? Y 28 1N 28 2

Cosa vuol dire? Y 28 3

spiegare Y 28 4Vuol spiegarmi? Y 28 5Me lo vuol spiegare? / Vuol spiegarmelo? Y 28 6

N 28 7

Perché non può spiegarmelo? N 28 8Perché non vuol / Perché non vuole spiegarmelo? Y 28 9Non so ciò che vuol dire. Y 29 1aspettare Y 29 2

N 29 3Vuol (Vuole) aspettarmi? Y 29 4fare Y 29 5Vuol (Vuole) farlo? Y 29 6Può farlo per me? Y 29 7Vuol (Vuole) aspettarmi? Y 29 8Può aspettarmi, per favore? Y 29 9c'è Y 30 1è Y 30 2Voglio sapere dove c'è un buon ristorante qui vicino. Y 30 3Non è lontano. Y 30 4lontano / distante Y 30 5Può andare a piedi. Y 30 6andar a piedi Y 30 7a piedi Y 30 8Vuol / Può dirmi dov'è ... non posso trovarlo / non lo posso trovare. N 30 9Voglio vederlo. Y 30 10Non posso vederlo. / Non lo posso vedere. Y 30 11Non lo voglio vedere. / Non voglio vederlo. Y 30 12Non è possibile così. Y 31 1Mi dispiace, ma non è accettabile per me così. Y 31 2

N 31 3Non è molto differente così. Y 31 4Ma è molto importante per me. Y 31 5È molto urgente. Y 31 6sicuro Y 31 7certo Y 31 8certamente Y 31 9Sono proprio sicuro / certo. N 31 10evidente Y 31 11

N 31 12necessario Y 31 13Non è necessario per me adesso. Y 31 14contrario Y 31 15al contrario Y 31 16Al contrario, voglio comprarlo. Y 31 17vocabolario Y 31 18

N 31 19

differenza Y 31 20N 31 21

la differenza Y 31 22una differenza Y 31 23Che / Quale differenza? Y 31 24

importanza Y 31 25c'è Y 32 1ci Y 32 2C'è una differenza. Y 32 3

N 32 4

problema Y 32 5un problema Y 32 6C'è un problema. Y 32 7sistema Y 32 8

N 32 9

condizione Y 32 10la condizione Y 32 11posizione Y 32 12la situazione Y 32 13prenotazione Y 32 14prenotare Y 32 15Farò una prenotazione per lei. Y 32 16Vuol fare una prenotazione per me? Y 32 17Vuol fare una prenotazione per me, per favore? Y 32 18(la) conferma Y 33 1Ha la conferma della prenotazione per me (per) stasera? N 33 2che tipo di Y 33 3Che tipo di prenotazione ha per me per stasera? Y 33 4(la) vacanza Y 33 5le vacanze Y 33 6passare Y 33 7passare Y 33 8passare il tempo Y 33 9passare le vacanze Y 33 10Dove passerà le vacanze? / Dove passa le vacanze? Y 33 11stasera N 33 12sera Y 33 13domani sera Y 33 14mattina Y 33 15domani mattina Y 33 16pomeriggio Y 33 17domani pomeriggio Y 33 18sera Y 34 1la serata Y 34 2Passerò la serata. Y 34 3Passerò una serata musicale. Y 34 4stasera Y 34 5mattina Y 34 6la mattinata Y 34 7giorno Y 34 8la giornata Y 34 9Mi piace molto passare la giornata qui. Y 34 10

N 34 11politico Y 34 12economico Y 34 13logico Y 34 14pratico Y 34 15Non è logico ma è molto pratico così. Y 34 16filosofico Y 34 17

astronomico Y 34 18astrologico Y 34 19la situazione politica Y 34 20la situazione economica Y 34 21Qual impressione ha della situazione politica e economica in Italia adesso? N 34 22

Non mi piace la situazione politica. Y 34 23N 35 1

preparazione Y 35 2preparare Y 35 3Sono molto occupata adesso. / Sono molto occupato adesso. Y 35 4Lo preparo. N 35 5Sto preparandolo. / Lo sto preparando. Y 35 6

N 35 7

Lo preparerò. Y 35 8Lo preparerà per me. Y 35 9Quando lo preparerà per me? Y 35 10Quando lo prepara per me? N 35 11

N 35 12

Lo preparo. Y 35 13Lo prepara. Y 35 14Perché non lo prepara per me? Y 35 15Lo preparerò. Y 35 16Vuole prepararlo per me? N 35 17Vuol farlo per me? N 35 18

N 35 19

fare Y 36 1farlo Y 36 2dire Y 36 3dirlo Y 36 4dirmi Y 36 5dirmelo Y 36 6Può dirmelo? Y 36 7Vuol dirmelo? Y 36 8La vedrò stasera e le dirò. Y 36 9forse Y 36 10Le dirà. Y 36 11Le diremo. Y 36 12Non mi dirà. Y 36 13Non mi dice. Y 36 14Non lo troverà. Y 36 15potere Y 37 1

N 37 2

avere Y 37 3dovere Y 37 4devo Y 37 5deve Y 37 6Deve farlo. Y 37 7Deve dirmi. Y 37 8avrò Y 37 9

N 37 10

avrà Y 37 11avremo Y 37 12dovere Y 37 13dovrò Y 37 14Dovrò farlo. / Lo dovrò fare. Y 37 15Dovrà aspettarmi. Y 37 16potere Y 37 17Posso farlo. Y 37 18Può farlo? Y 37 19possiamo Y 38 1Non possiamo farlo. / Non lo possiamo fare. Y 38 2potere N 38 3potrò Y 38 4Potrò farlo per lei. Y 38 5Ma non potrò farlo oggi. Y 38 6perché sarò molto occupata N 38 7Sarò molto occupato oggi. Y 38 8Quando potrà farlo? Y 38 9Potremo partire con lei domani. Y 38 10

N 38 11

N 39 1

arrivare Y 39 2chiamare Y 39 3telefonare Y 39 4A che ora arriverà domani mattina? Y 39 5Non lo farò. Y 39 6Non lo faremo. Y 39 7Non lo farà. Y 39 8Non lo farò perché non potrò farlo. Y 39 9Voglio farlo. Y 39 10Voglio averlo. Y 39 11desidero Y 39 12Desidero averlo. N 39 13Cosa desidera? (at the restaurant) Y 39 14prendere Y 39 15Cosa prende? Y 39 16Cosa vuol prendere? / Cosa desidera? Y 39 17voglio Y 40 1vorrei (io vorrei) Y 40 2vorrei Y 40 3

N 40 4

Lo comprerò. Y 40 5Lo comprerei. Y 40 6Lo farò. Y 40 7Lo farei. Y 40 8Parlerò con lui. Y 40 9Gli parlerò. Y 40 10Non gli parlerei. Y 40 11Non parlerei con lui. Y 40 12

N 41 1

Posso farlo. Y 41 2Non posso farlo adesso. Y 41 3capire Y 41 4capisco Y 41 5capisce Y 41 6Lo capisco. Y 41 7Non lo capisco. Y 41 8La capisco. Y 41 9La capisco. Y 41 10Non la capisco. Y 41 11Non la posso capire. / Non posso capirla. N 41 12trovare Y 41 13cercare Y 41 14Lo cerco, ma non lo trovo. Y 41 15Lo sto cercando. Y 41 16Devo cercarlo. Y 42 1

N 42 2Ma non posso trovarlo. Y 42 3Può dirmi dov'è? Y 42 4Vuol (Vuole) dirmi dov'è. Y 42 5

N 42 6Voglio vederlo. Y 42 7Vorrei vederlo. Y 42 8Lo vedrò. Y 42 9Lo vedrà. Y 42 10Lo vedremo. Y 42 11Lo vedrei. Y 42 12Ma non lo farei. Y 42 13Sarò qui. Y 42 14Sarei qui. Y 42 15Vorrei vederlo. Y 42 16

N 43 1

vorrei Y 43 2vorrebbe Y 43 3Vorrebbe farlo? Y 43 4Vorrebbe vederlo? Y 43 5Quando vorrebbe andarci? Y 43 6andarci Y 43 7Non lo comprerebbe. Y 43 8Parlerei con lui. N 43 9Gli parlerei. N 43 10Non lo vedrei. Y 43 11Non lo vedrebbe. Y 43 12Sarà molto importante. Y 43 13Sarebbe molto importante. Y 43 14Ma non sarebbe possibile così. Y 43 15potere N 44 1potrò Y 44 2Potrò farlo. Y 44 3Non potrò farlo così. Y 44 4Non potrà farlo così. Y 44 5Non potremo farlo. Y 44 6

N 44 7Potremmo farlo. Y 44 8Non potremmo farlo così. Y 44 9Non potremo farlo così. Y 44 10

Potrò venire con lei. Y 44 11Ma non potrò venire con lei oggi perché sarò molto occupato. Y 44 12Non potrei venire con lei. Y 44 13Potrebbe dirmi quando potrà farlo? Y 44 14

N 44 15

potrei Y 45 1potrebbe Y 45 2potevo Y 45 3

N 45 4poteva Y 45 5

N 45 6

Non potevo trovarlo. Y 45 7Non potrei dirle. Y 45 8Potrebbe dirmi? Y 45 9Può dirmi? Y 45 10Potrebbe dirmi dov'è? Y 45 11Non la capisco. Y 45 12Non posso capirla. Y 45 13Non potevo capirla. Y 45 14devo Y 46 1deve Y 46 2aspettare Y 46 3Deve aspettarmi. Y 46 4Può aspettarmi? Y 46 5Potrebbe aspettarmi? Y 46 6

N 46 7

Devo partire subito. N 46 8Dovrò partire domani. Y 46 9A che ora dovrà partire? Y 46 10Dovremo partire. Y 46 11Dovremmo partire. Y 46 12Dovrò partire. Y 46 13Dovrei partire. N 46 14Potrò partire. Y 46 15Potrei partire. Y 46 16Potrei partire domani. N 46 17Dovrò partire domani. N 46 18Dovrei partire domani. N 46 19Dovrebbe partire. Y 46 20Potrei farlo. Y 47 1Potrei farlo per lei domani. N 47 2Non potrei farlo così. Y 47 3Potrebbe farlo? Y 47 4ieri Y 47 5Non potevo farlo ieri. Y 47 6Potrei farlo adesso. Y 47 7

N 47 8devo Y 47 9deve Y 47 10devo Y 47 11

Mi dispiace, ma non posso aspettarla adesso, perché partirò / parto subito / presto.

Devo farlo. Y 47 12Devo partire oggi, ma non posso. Y 47 13devo Y 47 14Quanto devo? Y 47 15Dovrò farlo. Y 47 16A che ora dovrà partire? Y 47 17Dovrei farlo. Y 47 18Dovrebbe farlo. Y 47 19Dovremmo farlo. Y 47 20Dovremo farlo. Y 47 21Dovrei comprarlo. Y 47 22

N 47 23

Dovrei comprarlo. Y 47 24Dovrebbe dirmi. Y 47 25Deve dirmi. Y 47 26Può dirmi? Y 47 27Potrebbe dirmi? Y 47 28Vuol (Vuole) dirmi? Y 47 29Vorrei vederlo. Y 48 1Vorrebbe vederlo? Y 48 2Mi piace vederlo. Y 48 3Mi piacerebbe vederlo. Y 48 4

N 49 1università Y 49 2l'università Y 49 3l'opportunità Y 49 4l'occasione Y 49 5

N 49 6normale Y 49 7normalmente Y 49 8generale N 49 9generalmente Y 49 10speciale Y 49 11specialmente per lei Y 49 12la specialità della casa N 49 13

N 49 14

Non ho (il) tempo di farlo adesso. Y 49 15Non è possibile farlo adesso. Y 49 16Vorrei avere l'occasione di vederlo la prossima volta. N 49 17tempo Y 49 18volta Y 49 19la prossima volta Y 49 20una volta Y 50 1due volte Y 50 2Posso farlo. N 50 3Potrò farlo la prossima volta. Y 50 4Potrei farlo. Y 50 5Ma non potevo farlo ieri. Y 50 6

N 50 7Desidero mangiare. N 50 8Voglio vederlo. Y 50 9Desidero vederlo. Y 50 10Mi piace vederlo. Y 50 11Mi piacerebbe vederlo. Y 50 12Mi piacerebbe molto vederlo. Y 50 13

Vorrei vederlo. Y 50 14secondo me Y 51 1secondo lei Y 51 2pensare Y 51 3penso Y 51 4non penso Y 51 5Cosa pensa? Y 51 6Non pensiamo. Y 51 7pensare Y 51 8Penso di partire. Y 51 9Quanto tempo pensa di stare? Y 51 10sperare Y 51 11spero Y 51 12Spero di partire (subito). Y 51 13A che ora spera di arrivare? Y 51 14Desidero stare qui. / Voglio stare qui. Y 51 15Vorrei stare qui. Y 51 16Mi piacerebbe stare qui. Y 51 17

N 52 1Non ho la voglia di stare qui. Y 52 2bisogno Y 52 3ho bisogno Y 52 4Ho bisogno di farlo. Y 52 5Deve farlo. Y 52 6

N 52 7

Non ha bisogno di farlo. Y 52 8

Non ha bisogno di dirmi adesso perché non voglio saperlo. Y 52 9potevo Y 53 1Non potevo trovarlo. Y 53 2dovrò Y 53 3Dovrò comprarlo. Y 53 4dovevo Y 53 5Dovevo farlo. Y 53 6Doveva aspettare. Y 53 7Dovevo farlo. Y 53 8Doveva farlo. Y 53 9Volevo farlo. Y 53 10Non volevo comprarlo. Y 53 11Non volevo dirgli. N 53 12Non volevo dirle. Y 53 13avevo Y 53 14Non avevo tempo (il tempo) di farlo. Y 53 15ero Y 54 1Ero qui ieri sera. Y 54 2(ma) non era pronto. Y 54 3Tutto era pronto per lei stamattina. N 54 4Mi dispiace, ma non potevo farlo ieri. Y 54 5perché ero molto occupato N 54 6tutta la giornata Y 54 7Volevo andarci con lei ieri. Y 54 8Non potevo farlo. Y 54 9Ero molto occupato. Y 54 10Era occupata. Y 54 11occupato Y 55 1occupare Y 55 2

Ho occupato la casa. Y 55 3N 55 4

N 55 5

N 55 6

Ho parlato con lei. Y 55 7Ho comprato (qualcosa) per lei. N 55 8Non ho comprato la macchina. Y 55 9

N 56 1Non ho capito. N 56 2

N 56 3Lo ho fatto. Y 56 4Non lo ho fatto. Y 56 5Mi ha detto. Y 56 6Perché non mi ha detto? N 56 7La ho aspettato. Y 56 8Perché non mi ha aspettato? Y 56 9Gli ho detto di aspettarmi. N 56 10

N 56 11

sono andato Y 56 12sono stato Y 56 13siamo Y 56 14siamo arrivati / arrivate Y 56 15sono partito / partita Y 56 16è partita Y 56 17divertire Y 57 1divertirsi Y 57 2mi diverto Y 57 3divertirmi Y 57 4Voglio divertirmi. Y 57 5Devo divertirmi. Y 57 6mi Y 57 7mi divertirò Y 57 8mi divertirei Y 57 9Sarebbe molto interessante Y 57 10e secondo me Y 57 11mi divertirei Y 57 12si Y 57 13Si divertirebbe. Y 57 14ci Y 57 15Ci divertiremmo. Y 57 16Ci divertiremo. Y 57 17Secondo me, ci divertiremmo. Y 57 18La vedo. Y 58 1Non la vedo. Y 58 2

Non posso vederla. Y 58 3Non potrei vederla stasera. Y 58 4Non sarebbe possibile per me. Y 58 5vediamo Y 59 1Lo vediamo. Y 59 2Non lo vediamo. Y 59 3Non possiamo vederlo. Y 59 4Non possiamo vederci. Y 59 5Ci vediamo. N 59 6Non possiamo vederci qui. Y 59 7

N 60 1Ci vediamo. Y 60 2A che ora ci vedremo domani? Y 60 3ci vedremo Y 60 4A domani. Y 60 5A che ora ci vediamo domani? N 60 6

N 60 7

penso Y 61 1Sono occupato. N 61 2Sono stanca. N 61 3mangio Y 61 4Cosa mangia? Y 61 5Perché non vuol mangiare? Y 61 6

N 61 7

mangiavo Y 61 8mangiava Y 61 9mangerò Y 61 10Non lo mangerei. Y 61 11Non lo mangerebbe. Y 61 12Non lo farebbe. Y 61 13Non mi direbbe. Y 61 14aspetto Y 61 15La aspetto. Y 61 16Perché non mi aspetta? Y 61 17La aspetterò qui. Y 61 18aspettavo Y 61 19Mi aspettava. Y 61 20lavorare Y 61 21lavoro Y 61 22lavoravo Y 61 23ho lavorato Y 61 24ha aspettato Y 61 25aspettava Y 61 26

N 62 1

N 62 2

N 62 3

Lavoro qui. Y 62 4La aspetto. Y 62 5

N 62 6ho aspettato N 63 1Perché non ha aspettato? N 63 2Lo comprerò. Y 63 3Lo compro domani. Y 63 4Vado a comprarlo. Y 63 5

N 63 6

Vado a vederlo. Y 63 7andare Y 63 8vado Y 63 9va Y 63 10Va bene. Y 63 11Va bene così. Y 63 12Tutto va bene. Y 63 13Va molto bene. Y 63 14Non funziona. Y 64 1riparare Y 64 2Può ripararlo? N 64 3

N 64 4

Devo farlo riparare. N 64 5cambiare Y 64 6lavare Y 64 7Lo farò lavare. Y 64 8Adesso posso farmi capire in italiano. Y 64 9Ha fatto una prenotazione per noi. Y 64 10Non mi ha detto. Y 65 1È fatto. Y 65 2Ha preparato la cena. N 65 3Tutto è preparato per lei. Y 65 4tutti Y 65 5

N 65 6

Sono occupato. / Sono occupata. Y 65 7N 65 8

Sono occupati. Y 65 9Tutti sono occupati. Y 65 10Lo voglio. Y 65 11Non lo voglio. N 65 12Lo può avere. / Può averlo. Y 65 13

se vuole Y 65 14voglio Y 65 15Lo voglio. N 65 16Non lo voglio. N 65 17Perché non lo vuole? Y 65 18Vuol dirmi? Y 65 19Può dirmi? Y 65 20Perché non lo vuole? Y 65 21Perché non vuole comprarlo? / Perché non lo vuole comprare? Y 65 22Può averlo se lo vuole. Y 65 23uscire Y 66 1esco Y 66 2esce Y 66 3Non voglio farlo. Y 66 4ho voglia Y 66 5Ho voglia di farlo. Y 66 6non ho voglia Y 66 7Non voglio restare a casa stasera. / Non voglio stare a casa stasera. Y 66 8Ho voglia di uscire. N 66 9Non voglio farlo adesso. / Non lo voglio fare adesso. Y 66 10Non ho voglia di farlo adesso. Y 66 11Sto per farlo. Y 67 1Sto per mangiare. N 67 2Sto per prepararlo. Y 67 3Stavo per Y 67 4Stavo per prepararlo quando ha chiamato. Y 67 5Penso di partire. Y 67 6Quando pensa di partire? Y 67 7Quanto tempo pensa di restare / di stare in Italia? Y 67 8Penso di farlo. Lo farò. Voglio farlo. Ho voglia di farlo. Ho l'intenzione di farlo. Y 67 9

Non ho l'intenzione di farlo adesso. Y 67 10Ho bisogno di farlo. Y 68 1

N 68 2

ne Y 68 3Lo voglio. Y 68 4Lo vuole. Y 68 5Perché non lo vuole? Y 68 6Ne voglio. Y 68 7Voglio comprarne. Y 68 8perché voglio averlo N 68 9Voglio averne. Y 68 10Vado a comprarne. Y 68 11perché devo averne Y 68 12ho bisogno Y 68 13Ne ho bisogno. Y 68 14Non ne ho bisogno adesso. N 68 15Può averlo. Y 68 16Può averne se vuole. N 68 17Ne ho comprato per lei. Y 69 1

Y 69 2

Cosa ne pensa? Y 69 3Ne ho parlato con lui. Y 69 4Vado a comprarlo. Y 69 5Andavo a comprarlo. Y 69 6

N 70 1sono andato Y 70 2sono partito Y 70 3è partito N 70 4sono partiti / sono partite Y 70 5siamo partiti Y 70 6siamo partite Y 70 7Siamo andati a vederlo. Y 70 8abbiamo finito Y 70 9Abbiamo finito di farlo. Y 70 10studiare Y 70 11Abbiamo finito di studiare oggi. Y 70 12Tutto è finito. Y 70 13imparare Y 70 14secondo me Y 70 15Abbiamo imparato molto. Y 70 16La aspetto. Y 71 1La aspetto da dieci minuti. Y 71 2La aspettavo. Y 71 3La aspetto. Y 71 4Lo faccio. Y 71 5Lo farò. Y 71 6Lo faccio da molto tempo. Y 71 7Lo facevo. Y 71 8Sono qui da due giorni. N 71 9abito Y 71 10arrivare Y 71 11sono arrivato / sono arrivata Y 71 12sono arrivate Y 71 13ricordare Y 71 14ricordo Y 71 15divertirsi Y 72 1mi diverto Y 72 2mi divertirò Y 72 3mi diverto molto Y 72 4si diverte Y 72 5ci divertiamo Y 72 6mi sono divertito Y 72 7

N 72 8ci siamo divertiti Y 72 9ci vediamo Y 72 10ci vediamo / ci vedremo Y 72 11ci vedremmo Y 72 12A che ora ci vedremo domani? Y 72 13incontrare Y 73 1ci incontriamo Y 73 2ci incontreremo Y 73 3Preferisco farlo così. Y 73 4Preferisce farlo così? Y 73 5Cosa preferisce? Y 73 6sapere Y 73 7so Y 73 8Non lo so. Y 73 9Perché non lo sa? Y 73 10

N 73 11

Non la conosco. Y 73 12conosce Y 73 13La conosce? Y 73 14La conosco molto bene. Y 73 15domandare / chiedere Y 73 16Vuole domandargli di aspettarmi? N 73 17Può dirgli di chiamarmi più tardi? Y 73 18Si diverte? Y 74 1si Y 74 2Si diverta! Y 74 3Si diverta! Y 74 4

N 74 5

A che ora parte? Y 74 6Cosa mangia? N 74 7Parla italiano? Y 74 8Perché non parla italiano con me? Y 74 9Mi dà. N 75 1Cosa dice? Y 75 2dico Y 75 3Perché non mi dice? Y 75 4Perché non me lo dice? Y 75 5Voglio saperlo. Y 75 6Ho bisogno di saperlo. / Devo saperlo. Y 75 7Come sta? Y 75 8Sto bene. Y 75 9Tutto va bene. Y 75 10Vuol farlo riparare? Y 75 11

N 75 12

Vuole farmi sapere? Y 75 13mostrare Y 75 14Vuol mostrarmi? Y 75 15qualcosa Y 75 16Può mostrarmi qualcosa? Y 75 17Può farmi vedere qualcosa? Y 75 18altro N 76 1la stessa cosa Y 76 2Voglio la stessa cosa per me. Y 76 3lo stesso Y 76 4Non è lo stesso. Y 76 5c'è Y 76 6ci sono Y 76 7C'è un messaggio per lei. Y 76 8la gente Y 76 9molta gente Y 76 10C'è molta gente qui. Y 76 11Come lo dice? Y 76 12si dice Y 76 13Come si dice in italiano? Y 76 14scrivere Y 76 15scrivo Y 76 16Perché non mi scrive? Y 76 17Perché non mi chiama? N 76 18

N 76 19Come si scrive? Y 76 20

vendo Y 77 1vende Y 77 2Perché non lo vende? Y 77 3Lo vende. Y 77 4Lo vendeva. Y 77 5Lo vendeva. Y 77 6Si vende. Y 77 7ci vuole Y 77 8Ci vuole molto tempo. Y 77 9Quanto tempo ci vuole? Y 77 10Ho fretta. Y 77 11Voglio sapere quanto tempo ci vuole perché ho fretta. Y 77 12parto Y 77 13esco Y 77 14A che ora esce? N 77 15vado Y 78 1Vado via. Y 78 2Me ne vado. Y 78 3ne Y 78 4Devo andarmene. Y 78 5Mi dispiace, ma non posso aspettare. Y 78 6perché ci vuole troppo tempo Y 78 7e ho fretta Y 78 8e esco Y 78 9Me ne vado. Y 78 10Devo andarmene. Y 78 11mandare N 78 12Vuole dirgli di mandarmelo oggi. Y 78 13perché ne ho bisogno Y 78 14Abbiamo finito di studiare italiano oggi. Y 78 15

N 78 16N 1 1

Sono molto contento di essere qui con lei. N 1 2con loro / con voi N 1 3Vorrei vederlo. N 1 4Lo voglio adesso. Y 1 5Ne voglio. Y 1 6Ne ho comprato. Y 1 7Non ne ho comprato perché non ne ho trovato. N 1 8Può dirmi dov'è? N 1 9Può dirmi dove si può trovare? N 1 10si può Y 1 11Come si dice? Y 1 12Mi piace vederlo. Y 1 13Vorrei vederlo. Y 1 14Mi piacerebbe vederlo. Y 1 15Mi piace molto viaggiare. Y 1 16Mi dispiace ma non posso aspettare - devo partire subito. N 1 17dovrò Y 1 18dovrei Y 1 19dovrei Y 1 20

N 1 21Dovrei partire adesso. Y 1 22Non posso rimanere. Y 1 23Può dirmi? Y 1 24Quando potrà farlo? Y 1 25Quando potrebbe farlo? Y 1 26

N 1 27N 1 28

potrei Y 1 29potevo Y 1 30

N 2 1

parlo Y 2 2parla Y 2 3

N 2 4parli Y 2 5vendo Y 2 6vendi Y 2 7partire Y 2 8(tu) parti Y 2 9avere Y 2 10ho Y 2 11ha Y 2 12hai Y 2 13andare Y 2 14andiamo Y 2 15vado Y 2 16va Y 2 17vai Y 2 18essere Y 2 19sono Y 2 20è Y 2 21sei Y 2 22Dove sei? Y 2 23sapere Y 2 24so Y 2 25Non lo so. Y 2 26Lo sa. Y 2 27Non lo sa? Y 2 28Lo sai. Y 2 29posso Y 2 30può Y 2 31Può dirmi / Mi può dire, signore? Y 2 32volere Y 2 33Lo voglio. Y 2 34Non ne voglio. N 2 35Ne vuole? Y 2 36Lo vuoi? Y 2 37

N 2 38

parlate Y 2 39voi partite Y 2 40Lo vendete. Y 2 41Potete vederlo? Y 2 42Non potete vederlo? Y 2 43Non volete farlo? Y 2 44Perché non mi dite? N 2 45Perché non lo fate? Y 2 46Perché non sapete dov'è? N 2 47

Perché non sai dov'è? N 2 48parlo Y 3 1parlano Y 3 2

N 3 3

parto Y 3 4partono Y 3 5Lo vendo. N 3 6Lo vendono. N 3 7ho Y 3 8hai Y 3 9hanno Y 3 10avete Y 3 11abbiamo Y 3 12sono Y 3 13sono Y 3 14Sono occupato. Y 3 15Sono occupati / occupate (adesso). Y 3 16Sei occupato (occupata). Y 3 17siete N 3 18vado N 3 19va N 3 20vai N 3 21vanno N 3 22

N 3 23dare Y 3 24do Y 3 25dai Y 3 26danno N 3 27voglio N 3 28vogliono Y 3 29posso N 3 30possono N 3 31potete N 3 32volete N 3 33vogliamo N 3 34possiamo N 3 35dire Y 4 1dico Y 4 2Le dico. Y 4 3Gli dico. Y 4 4Glielo dico. Y 4 5

N 4 6Glielo do. Y 4 7Non mi dicono. Y 4 8Non me lo dicono. Y 4 9

N 4 10capire Y 4 11capisco Y 4 12Non lo capisco. Y 4 13Non lo capiscono. N 4 14Non lo conosco. Y 4 15Non mi conoscono. Y 4 16finisco Y 4 17Lo finisco. Y 4 18Lo finiscono. Y 4 19

Non lo vogliono fare. / Non vogliono farlo. Y 4 20Non vogliono dirmi. / Non mi vogliono dire. N 4 21

N 5 1Perché non mi dite? N 5 2Perché non potete farlo? / Perché non lo potete fare? N 5 3Perché non possono farlo? Y 5 4Perché non lo fanno? Y 5 5Perché non lo fa, signore? N 5 6Perché non lo fai? Y 5 7Perché non lo fate? Y 5 8Perché non mi dite? N 5 9Perché non me lo dite? Y 5 10Perché non lo fate? N 5 11Perché non volete farlo? Y 5 12Perché non me lo potete dire adesso? / Perché non potete dirmelo adesso? Y 5 13

Non possiamo farlo perché non vogliamo farlo. Y 6 1Andiamo a vederlo. Y 6 2Puoi mostrarmi cosa hai comprato? N 6 3Può farmi vedere? N 6 4Questo non è quello che voglio / ciò che voglio. N 6 5Lo preparo. Y 6 6Lo sto preparando. Y 6 7Sto per prepararlo. Y 6 8

N 6 9

ho N 7 1partire Y 7 2partirò N 7 3partirà N 7 4partirai N 7 5partiranno Y 7 6

N 7 7

A che ora partirai, Roberto? N 7 8A che ora partirà, signore? N 7 9partirete, voi partirete Y 7 10partiremo Y 7 11partiremmo Y 7 12Lo faremo. Y 7 13Lo faremmo. Y 7 14Non lo faremmo. Y 7 15Non lo faremo. Y 7 16Non mi dirà. N 7 17Non lo faremo. N 7 18Non lo faremmo. N 7 19Lo faranno. Y 7 20Non lo farò. Y 7 21Perché non lo farai? Y 7 22farei N 8 1farebbe N 8 2farebbero N 8 3Non lo farebbero. Y 8 4Non mi direbbe. Y 8 5Non mi direbbero. Y 8 6

Sarà qui. N 8 7Sarò qui. N 8 8Saranno qui subito. N 8 9subito N 8 10presto N 8 11più tardi N 8 12Saremo qui. N 8 13Ma non sarebbe possibile così. N 8 14Saremmo molto contenti / felici di farlo. Y 8 15Mi piacerà molto farlo. N 8 16Ma non mi piacerebbe farlo. N 8 17Sarebbe molto importante per me. Y 8 18Lo avrò (L'avrò) per te. Y 8 19Ma non l'avremo oggi. Y 8 20Non l'avrei oggi. Y 8 21partirò N 8 22partiranno N 8 23partirà N 8 24partirai N 8 25partirete N 8 26Quando partirete? N 8 27Partiremo presto. N 8 28Ma non partiremmo oggi. N 8 29partirà N 8 30partirebbe N 8 31partiranno N 8 32partirebbero N 8 33Mi ha detto che non partirà. Y 8 34Veramente so che non partirebbe. Y 8 35Sono sicuro che non partirebbero oggi. Y 8 36partiresti Y 8 37

N 8 38Saresti qui. Y 8 39Sareste qui. / Voi sareste qui. Y 8 40

N 8 41L'avrò. Y 9 1L'avrei. Y 9 2L'avrei comprato. Y 9 3Ti avremmo aspettato. Y 9 4L'avremmo aspettato. Y 9 5Non mi avrebbero aspettato. Y 9 6Mi avrebbe visto e mi avrebbe detto perché non lo farà (così). Y 9 7

Lo preparo. N 10 1Lo sto per preparare. / Sto per prepararlo. N 10 2Lo sto preparando. / Sto preparandolo. N 10 3Le dico domani. N 10 4Ti dico. Y 10 5Te lo dico (domani). Y 10 6Gli dico. Y 10 7Glielo dico. Y 10 8Glielo dirò domani. Y 10 9Non me lo direbbe. Y 10 10Lo preparo. N 11 1

N 11 2

parlavo Y 11 3parlava Y 11 4parlavano Y 11 5parlavi Y 11 6parlavate Y 11 7parlavamo Y 11 8vendevo Y 11 9vendevano Y 11 10vendeva N 11 11vendevi Y 11 12vendevamo N 11 13partivo N 11 14partiva N 11 15partivi N 11 16partivano N 11 17partivamo N 11 18partivate N 11 19(Lo) faccio. N 11 20(Lo) fanno. N 11 21Lo fai. N 11 22Lo fa. N 11 23Lo fate. N 11 24Lo facciamo. N 11 25Lo facevo. Y 11 26Lo faceva. N 11 27Lo facevano. Y 11 28Lo facevamo. Y 11 29Lo facevate. Y 11 30

N 11 31

L'ho fatto. Y 11 32N 11 33

Lo facevo ogni giorno. Y 11 34Lo facevo. Y 11 35L'ho fatto. Y 11 36

N 12 1

sapevo Y 12 2Lo sapevo. Y 12 3Non lo sapevo. Y 12 4L'ho saputo. Y 12 5Ho saputo che sarà pronto presto. N 12 6Non lo sapevo. Y 12 7

N 12 8

Lo volevo. Y 12 9L'ho voluto. Y 12 10Non volevo comprarlo. Y 12 11Lo guardavo (ma) non ho Y 12 12

Non volevo averlo. Y 12 13Non capisco ciò che vuole dire. Y 12 14

N 12 15

Non volevo farlo perché non avevo (il) tempo di farlo perché ero molto occupato. N 12 16

ero Y 12 17avevo Y 12 18volevo Y 12 19sapevo Y 12 20potevo Y 12 21Non potevo trovarlo. Y 12 22Non sapevo dov'era. Y 12 23Lo cercavo ma non l'ho trovato. Y 12 24Lo cercavo ma non potevo trovarlo. Y 12 25

N 13 1

Non potrebbe farlo. Y 13 2Non poteva farlo. Y 13 3Potrebbe dirmi dov'è? Y 13 4Può dirmi dov'è? Y 13 5Potrebbe dirmi dov'è? N 13 6Lo cercava e non poteva trovarlo. Y 13 7dovere Y 14 1Devo vederlo. Y 14 2Deve dirmi. N 14 3Devi dirmi. Y 14 4Dovete dirmi. N 14 5Dobbiamo comprarlo. Y 14 6Dovrò farlo. Y 14 7Dovrà essere qui. N 14 8

N 14 9

Dovrebbe essere qui. Y 14 10Dovrebbe essere qui. Y 14 11Dovrebbe dirmi. Y 14 12Penso che / Credo che dovresti farlo. Y 14 13Penso che dovreste farlo. N 14 14Dobbiamo comprarlo. Y 14 15dovresti Y 14 16Dovresti dirmi. Y 14 17Dovreste venire (con me). Y 14 18Ha dovuto aspettare. / Doveva aspettare. N 14 19Non potrò farlo senza di te. Y 15 1Non avrei potuto farlo senza di te. Y 15 2

N 15 3

Potrebbe aspettarmi adesso? Y 15 4Potresti aspettarmi adesso? Y 15 5Potreste aspettarmi adesso? Y 15 6

N 15 7

Non ho potuto aspettarti. N 15 8andare via / partire / andarmene Y 15 9parto / me ne vado / vado via Y 15 10Ho dovuto andarmene. Y 15 11

Mi dispiace ma non ti potevo aspettare perché dovevo partire / ho dovuto partire.

N 16 1

Non potrei farlo ora. / Non potrei farlo adesso. Y 16 2Non potevo farlo ieri. N 16 3Non ho potuto farlo. Y 16 4avrei potuto N 16 5Non avrei potuto aspettarti. N 16 6Avrei potuto dirle. Y 16 7Non avrei potuto andarci. Y 16 8Lo dovrei fare. / Dovrei farlo. Y 16 9Dovrei farlo. Y 16 10Dovrebbe dirmi. Y 16 11dovrei Y 16 12Dovresti aspettarmi. Y 16 13Devi aspettarmi. Y 16 14

N 17 1

potere Y 17 2potete Y 17 3Potete dirmi? Y 17 4Puoi dirmi? Y 17 5Può dirmi? N 17 6Potresti dirmi? Y 17 7Potrebbe dirmi? Y 17 8Lo cercavo ma non potevo trovarlo / non lo potevo trovare. Y 17 9Non l'ho potuto trovare. Y 17 10Non avevo potuto trovarlo. Y 17 11Avrei potuto dirle dov'era. Y 17 12

N 17 13

Ti ho chiesto. N 18 1N 18 2

Lo ho fatto. / L'ho fatto. Y 18 3Non l'ho fatto. Y 18 4Non lo ha fatto. N 18 5L'ho veduto. Y 18 6Lo ho visto. / L'ho visto. Y 18 7La ho vista. Y 18 8

N 18 9

Li ho visti. / Le ho viste. Y 18 10N 18 11

N 19 1Mi ha chiesto. Y 19 2Perché non mi hai chiesto? Y 19 3

N 19 4Perché non mi ha detto? Y 19 5

N 19 6Lo ho fatto. / L'ho fatto. Y 19 7Non l'ho fatto. Y 19 8Perché non lo ha / Perché non l'ha fatto? Y 19 9Non l'ho fatto perché non sapevo che voleva averlo. Y 19 10

che ha voluto averlo / che l'ha voluto avere Y 19 11Potrebbe dirmi? N 20 1Non poteva dirmi perché non lo sapeva. Y 20 2Avrei potuto dirle. Y 20 3Non avrebbe potuto farlo così. Y 20 4

N 21 1parto Y 21 2partono Y 21 3Mi dicono. N 21 4so Y 21 5sanno Y 21 6

N 21 7

possono Y 21 8capiscono N 21 9finiscono N 21 10

N 21 11potete Y 21 12possono N 21 13dite Y 21 14Perché non mi dite? N 21 15Non possono farlo. N 21 16Non vogliono farlo così. Y 21 17Non mi dicono. N 21 18Non lo capiscono. Y 21 19

N 21 20

mangiano N 21 21vendono N 21 22Non lo vedono. Y 21 23finiscono Y 21 24Lo conosco. Y 21 25Non lo conoscono. Y 21 26

N 21 27

A che ora partite? N 21 28A che ora partono? Y 21 29dovere N 21 30devo N 21 31Devono essere qui presto. N 21 32devono Y 21 33dovete Y 21 34Dovete dirmi. N 21 35ho Y 21 36hanno Y 21 37avete Y 21 38fate Y 21 39Perché non mi dite? Y 21 40Perché non mi dicono? Y 21 41Non possiamo trovarlo. Y 22 1Potrò farlo. Y 22 2Non potrò farlo così. Y 22 3Non potrà venire con noi. Y 22 4Non vengono. Y 22 5vengo N 22 6

Perché non venite? Y 22 7Deve aspettarmi. Y 22 8Devi aspettarmi. Y 22 9parti Y 22 10devi Y 22 11dobbiamo Y 22 12abbiamo Y 22 13Dobbiamo aspettare qui. Y 22 14Dovrò farlo. Y 22 15Dovremo farlo. Y 22 16Dovremmo farlo. Y 22 17Dovremmo farlo. Y 22 18Dovrebbe aspettarmi. Y 22 19dovrebbe Y 22 20dovrebbero Y 22 21dovresti Y 22 22dovreste Y 22 23Dovrebbero dirmi. Y 22 24Potresti dirmi? Y 22 25Potreste dirmi. Y 22 26Non potrebbero dirmi. Y 22 27

N 23 1

partirò Y 23 2partirà Y 23 3partirai Y 23 4partiranno Y 23 5partiremo Y 23 6

N 23 7

partiremmo N 23 8partiremo N 23 9partirete Y 23 10Ti / Le diremo. Y 23 11Non gli diremmo. Y 23 12Non glielo daremmo. Y 23 13partiremo Y 23 14partiremmo Y 23 15Quando partirete? Y 23 16Quando lo farete? Y 23 17Quando lo farà? Y 23 18Quando lo farai? Y 23 19Quando lo faranno? Y 23 20Mi ha detto. Y 23 21Mi ha detto che non lo farebbe / non lo avrebbe fatto. Y 23 22

N 23 23Lo farei. Y 23 24Lo farebbe. Y 23 25Lo farebbero. Y 23 26Lo faremmo. Y 23 27Lo faresti. Y 23 28Lo fareste. Y 23 29posso Y 24 1possono Y 24 2possiamo Y 24 3puoi N 24 4

Puoi dirmi? Y 24 5Può dirmi? Y 24 6potete N 24 7Potrò farlo. Y 24 8Non potrò farlo così. Y 24 9Potrà farlo. Y 24 10Potranno farlo. Y 24 11Potrà farlo. Y 24 12Non potrà farlo. Y 24 13Potrai farlo. Y 24 14Potremo farlo. Y 24 15Potremmo farlo. Y 24 16Non potevamo trovarlo. Y 24 17Non potevo andarci ieri sera. Y 24 18Non potrei andarci stasera. Y 24 19Potete dirmi? Y 24 20Potrebbe dirmi? Y 24 21Potresti dirmi? Y 24 22Potreste dirmi? Y 24 23

N 24 24

Avrebbe potuto dirmi. Y 24 25Avrei potuto dirti / dirle. Y 24 26

N 25 1Dovrei farlo. Y 25 2Dovrebbe aspettarmi. Y 25 3Dovremmo andarci. Y 25 4Dovrebbero venire con noi. Y 25 5Dovreste aspettarci. Y 25 6

N 25 7

Mi avreste potuto dire. / Avreste potuto dirmi. Y 25 8Avrei potuto farlo. Y 25 9avrei dovuto Y 25 10Avrei dovuto dirle / dirti. Y 25 11Avremmo dovuto partire più presto. N 25 12più presto N 25 13fra poco N 25 14

N 26 1

sono andata N 26 2siamo andati / andate N 26 3Dove sei andata? Y 26 4Dove siete andate? Y 26 5Dove siete andati? Y 26 6Siamo andati a vederlo. Y 26 7è partito Y 26 8A che ora è partito? Y 26 9A che ora sei partita? Y 26 10siamo partiti Y 26 11Siamo appena partiti. Y 26 12È appena arrivato. Y 26 13siamo usciti Y 26 14uscire Y 26 15

esco Y 26 16escono Y 26 17uscite N 26 18

N 27 1

Esca! Y 27 2Non esca! Y 27 3Non uscire! Y 27 4Non mi dire! / Non dirmi! Y 27 5Non aspettarmi! Y 27 6Venga. Y 27 7Non andarci. Y 27 8Non venga. Y 27 9Non dirmi. / Non mi dire. Y 27 10Mi dica. Y 27 11Non mi dica. Y 27 12

N 27 13Parli più lentamente. Y 27 14Parla! Y 27 15Parta! Y 27 16

Y 27 17Parla italiano con me, Roberto! N 27 18Parli italiano con me! N 27 19Non parlare! Y 27 20

N 27 21Le dico. Y 27 22Mi dica. N 27 23Non dirmi. / Non mi dire. N 27 24Non mi dire / Non mi dir ciò che vuoi comprare. Y 27 25Dimmi. Y 27 26Fallo. Y 27 27Non farlo. / Non lo fare. Y 27 28Dammi. Y 27 29Non mi dare. Y 27 30È appena arrivato. Y 28 1Sarebbe arrivato più presto / prima. Y 28 2

N 28 3

Lo farebbe. N 28 4Non lo farebbero. Y 28 5Non lo farei. Y 28 6Lo avrei fatto. Y 28 7Non lo farei. N 28 8Non lo avrei fatto. Y 28 9Non lo compreremmo. Y 28 10comprerò Y 28 11comprerà Y 28 12compreremo Y 28 13compreremmo Y 28 14avremmo comprato N 28 15

N 28 16

partirebbe Y 28 17sarebbe partito Y 28 18Lo comprerebbe. N 28 19Lo avrebbe comprato. Y 28 20Non mi direbbe. Y 28 21Non ti avrebbe detto. Y 28 22Arriverebbe presto. Y 28 23Sarebbe arrivato molto tempo fa. Y 28 24

N 28 25N 29 1

Non potevo trovarlo. Y 29 2Non potrei trovarlo. Y 29 3Potrebbe dirmi? Y 29 4Mi avresti potuto dire. / Mi avrebbe potuto dire. Y 29 5So che non potrebbe farlo. Y 29 6Non poteva farlo. Y 29 7Potrei farlo. Y 29 8Potrebbe dirmi? Y 29 9Avrei potuto dirle. Y 29 10Sarei partito più presto. Y 29 11Avrei potuto partire più presto. Y 29 12Sarei arrivato in tempo. Y 29 13Deve aspettarmi. Y 29 14Dovrebbe aspettarmi. Y 29 15Avrebbe dovuto aspettarmi. Y 29 16salire Y 30 1salgo Y 30 2salgono Y 30 3salite Y 30 4sono salito Y 30 5sono stato Y 30 6è stato Y 30 7è stata Y 30 8C'ero ieri. / Ci sono stato ieri. N 30 9c'era Y 30 10c'è Y 30 11ci sono Y 30 12Ci sono molti problemi. Y 30 13C'è molta gente. Y 30 14C'è tanta gente. Y 30 15C'era tanta gente. N 30 16Aspetta! N 31 1Aspetti! Y 31 2Parli! Y 31 3Parla! Y 31 4

N 31 5

Parta! N 31 6

A che ora parte? Y 31 7A che ora partiamo? Y 31 8Partiamo! Y 31 9Andiamo! Y 31 10vengo Y 31 11vengono Y 31 12venite Y 31 13veniamo Y 31 14viene Y 31 15vieni Y 31 16Venga! Y 31 17Vieni! Y 31 18Dimmi! Y 31 19Non mi dire! Y 31 20Mi dica! Y 31 21Me lo dica adesso! Y 31 22

N 32 1

Parli! Y 32 2parli Y 32 3parlino Y 32 4parliamo N 32 5parliate N 32 6

N 32 7

Voglio che parliate. Y 32 8N 32 9

Parta! N 32 10parta N 32 11parta N 32 12parta N 32 13parta N 32 14partano N 32 15partiamo N 32 16partiate N 32 17Voglio che partiate con me. N 32 18A che ora partite? N 32 19Perché non vuole / vuoi / volete che lo venda? Y 32 20Non voglio che lo venda. Y 32 21

N 32 22

Voglio che lo faccia. Y 32 23Voglio che mi dica. Y 32 24(A che ora) vuoi / vuole che finisca? N 32 25Voglio che mi chiami. N 32 26

N 33 1

È importante che tu / che lei sia qui. N 33 2

È importante che (io) sia qui. Y 33 3È importante che siano qui. Y 33 4È importante che siano qui. Y 33 5bisogna Y 33 6ho bisogno Y 33 7Ne ho bisogno. Y 33 8Non ne ho bisogno. Y 33 9Bisogna che lui sia qui. N 33 10

N 34 1

Era necessario che parlassi. Y 34 2parlassi Y 34 3parlassi N 34 4parlasse N 34 5parlassero N 34 6parlassimo N 34 7parlaste N 34 8Era necessario che parlassimo. Y 34 9

N 34 10

N 34 11

partissi N 34 12partissimo N 34 13partiste N 34 14partisse N 34 15partissero N 34 16partiste N 34 17vendessi N 34 18vendessi N 34 19vendessimo N 34 20vendessero N 34 21vendeste N 34 22

N 35 1avessi N 35 2avessimo N 35 3avessero N 35 4avesse N 35 5aveste N 35 6

N 35 7Se lo avessi saputo, lo avrei fatto. Y 35 8E lo avrei preparato per lei. Y 35 9Se avessi il tempo, lo farei. N 35 10

N 36 1se fossi N 36 2fossi N 36 3fosse N 36 4fossero N 36 5fossimo N 36 6foste N 36 7

N 36 8

se fossi partito / partita N 36 9partire N 36 10sono partita N 36 11

ero partita N 36 12se fosse partita N 36 13se fossimo partiti / partite N 36 14Avrei fatto una prenotazione se lo avessi saputo. N 36 15Avrei aspettato e ci sarei andata / ci sarei andato. N 36 16se mi avessi chiamato N 36 17e se mi avessi detto N 36 18che volevi averlo N 36 19Te lo avrei dato. N 36 20

N 37 1

N 38 1