Upload
acaciopiedade
View
250
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
1/212
!"#$%& #$"()
*+",%
,%- (./%0-
-()(1%-
234554 -678499454: ;8 546745674 368;4
*+",% 0( -(+), (./%#0-
234554 -67849945 8?@ 368; 54>48567A%?B;3>7 :58?>;8:3C? DE /C7? ,86F 8?@ #753>:3?4 )C5:7G HIIJK
L,"0"()- .+#$%0M#$N-0%& ")-0"0+0 )N0"()N&
OP 5=4 @4 #C?@Q ,% &N #(!!+)"#N0"()
RSIIT 2N1"- N+,"(U"-+%&&%
HO .@ /=;4>VW455E
RSIOO 2N1"-
X !"#$ &' ()*+(+,+ )-+(.)-/ 01 /2 -,0(.3(*,1/ 4
567879:; 1+?=>-*+1/@ A-B(*
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
2/212
1
[9] Preface,by Pierre Schaeffer
It is almost ten years since Michel Chion thought of providing a guide for readers of the
Trait des Objets Musicaux, which could form the basis of a dictionary. It was doubtless as a
result of hearing me constantly returning to the same key words (value and characteristic,
sonority and musicality, permanence and variation, which always sing in duet) when he was a
Pupil-Teacher at the Conservatoire, that he was one of the first to understand the strange
musical dualism that lies at the basis of all music (a fact which, alas, eludes most of our
contemporaries). As a result his Guide is a sort of variation on the Trait or more precisely a
reprise of the themes with a simplified itinerary. It is always good to hear another person
restate what the first meant to say, and which is never altogether said, nor fully understood.
These few words of introduction give me the opportunity to repeat once again, and
definitively, what will and what will not be found in the Trait des Objets Musicauxto which
Michel Chions Guide gives a method of approach which is personal and original, but kept
within the strict limitations of his purpose.
I could not in any case make myself clear without mentioning the fundamental
hypothesis which underlies both of these works. This is the hypothesis of a three-stagemusical problematic, or, as linguists would say, in two articulations: the sonorous/the
musical/meaning. We should explain that in this triad, acoustics is already considered as
superseded, developed and filtered by the sense of hearing. The triad is therefore quite
specific to music, and involves no other discipline, scientific or humanistic, except, of course
in the frontier zones. In traditional music, these three stages are clearly evident: the notes that
are heard (including the sonority of the piece, the instrument, the virtuoso), then the
musicalityof the whole, and finally, for the involved, informed and sensitive listener, what,
for lack of any other word or any way of describing or clarifying it, we must call the meaning:
this is precisely what makes music irreplaceable, and interchangeable with no other form of
expression. My hypothesis was that no other music, primitive or new, could exist outside
these three categories.
Now, the Trait des Objets Musicaux, as I am constantly repeating, concentrates its
research right in the middle of the triad. It takes on the sonorous, all the sonorous, for the first
time, and this is doubtless its merit; then it suggests ways of accessing the musical,
particularly with the idea that not all sound is suitable for music, that choices of the suitable
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
3/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
4/212
3
chance determines its creations. You would think that a sub-culture had taken hold of Art
(because this does not apply just to music) in order to slap the worn-out label of Chance and
Necessity on to it.
Indeed, when cleverly manipulated, these two terms can sometimes be the short-termkey to a number of things we dont know. Far from being the key to true knowledge, they are
catch-alls for when theory fails or practice falters. Science is also and principally the will to
power, prediction and challenging the possible. Art, by contrast, was also mans attempt to
situate himself, to develop through self-expression, at the same time escaping from
determinism. Oddly, fashion is blowing the other way, and has promised [11] machines,
instruments, deus ex machina to help us undertake ridiculous journeys.
The researchers who have decided to follow me over the last thirty-five years or so are
fully aware of the contradictory field into which I have led, and sometimes retained, them in
relation to and against the current fashion. So it is not surprising to find in the Pupil-Teachers
guide, discreet but perceptible traces of these debates and warnings. Perhaps the limits of this
research have not been indicated clearly enough. Its thesis remains open, its discoveries,
certainly full of possibilities, are incomplete, and its conclusion, alas, desired by everyone, is
totally lacking: i.e. a treatise, not on musical objects, but on the musical work! The future,
gentlemen, belongs to you. Do not complain if I have left the most difficult part to you. All
you will find is a way of proceeding: not one real rule of Art.
But perhaps, on the other hand, you will come across something unexplained,
surprising. Indeed, is not musical meaning, to which I am constantly referring without being
able to define it, like other questions in life to which we do not know the answer? After all,
does life have a meaning? Who can define it? Is there consensus about it?
And even if we limit ourselves to music to Music even can these questions be
answered? What is music? What is its function? (or functions). Is it universal, singular,
plural? Are musical works objects, in the sense of a product, or means of communicationamongst human beings, or more than that, a glimpse beyond, into that which we call, for
example, the spiritual?
Now, without replying to such questions, since the sphinx itself gives up, we can
accept or not accept that they are asked, that they prevail, somewhere, in the individual or
collective unconscious. In short, in Music as well, we could distinguish, not atheists and
believers, but those who believe in the here and now and those who believe in the beyond of
music.
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
5/212
4
With the result that across this whole debate there is a subtext (or a misunderstanding)
which it would be good to clarify once and for all. Yes, for my part, I believe that music is
more than music, that it is not a run of the mill, utilitarian or aesthetic object, but a spiritual
undertaking, or as an old Master used to say, a beingful exercise, an activity of the wholebeing. So I cannot deny that, sometimes, in the course of the most trivial musical theory, the
most apparently technical experiment, the thesis of the spiritual reappeared, the intention of a
going beyond which is difficult to name, but even more impossible to deny.
That is why I advised Michel Chion to add to this preface a text which he wrote in
former times (when, exactly?), half-way between mockery and tenderness, and in which I
shall never cease to admire his story-telling talents and his attention to the essential. I hope
you will read this text without frowning. It is indeed a send-up, but also in this treasure
chest can be found the savour of a precious wood, a scent of friendship and nostalgia for a
Master in despair at the limitations of his knowledge.
Pierre SCHAEFFER
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
6/212
5
[12] At that time Peter was with his disciples, and one of them said unto him: Master,
which is the greatest commandment in the law?
Peter answered and said unto him: The greatest of all the commandments is this:
thou shalt work at thine instrument. This is the commandment of my Father, and the second is
like unto it: thou shalt work at thine ear as at thine instrument.
He spake to them again: There is a time to hear (entendre) and a time to listen
(couter); those that have ears to perceive (our), let them comprehend (comprendre).
Another of his disciples said unto him: Master, it hath been said: thou shalt structure
thy music, and thou shalt speak only of the Object.
Peter answered and said unto him: Dost thou not see that whoso understands the
Object, he alone understands Structure? For Structure was made for man, and not man for
Structure.
But the Chief Priests murmured amongst themselves and said: He speaketh
blasphemy against Structure.
And again he said unto them: The hand is willing, but the ear is weak. Harken ye
therefore unto to what ye make. For there is a time to prepare and a time to play. Let thy right
ear know what thy left hand doeth.
Harken unto to the sounds around you, they program not, neither do they calculate,
and yet I say unto you that the Grand Computer in all his glory has never sung like one of
these.
Verily, verily I say unto you, unless ye reduce your hearing, ye will not find the
Sound Object, and unless ye find the Sound Object, ye will not touch man with your music, for
the Musical Object is but a suitable Sound Object.
And again he said unto them: That which varies, is that which is constant. Whoso
beholdeth the Object, beholdeth Structure. Yet still they understood not.
Peter spake unto them this parable: A man went forth to plough a closed groove. At
the tenth turn his neighbours and his friends mocked him. But at the thirtieth turn there was
more music than in all the fields around. Verily, verily I say unto you, cultivate your
Perceptual Field, and the Kingdom of Music shall be yours.
But the crowd reviled him saying: Thou that sayest thou canst change the sonorous
into the musical, change it! And they stoned him with great words.
Peter said: Father, forgive them, for they hear not what they do.
M.C.
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
7/212
6
[13] Introduction, by Michel Chion
Our ambition, with this Guide to Sound Objects, has always been to give researchers,
musicians, music-lovers and all who are directly or indirectly interested in the sound-universe
an unbiased, clear and dependable tool (if this can be done) for a better knowledge and
understanding of Pierre Schaeffers considerable contribution to this field, by means of an
inventory of the ideas and concepts developed in his most important work, the Trait des
Objets Musicaux.
This imposing book, published in 1966 and twice re-edited (the first with very slightcorrections, the second in 1977, with a new postscript by the author) has often been consulted,
but the breadth and complexity of its architecture, the diffuseness of the style and
presentation, and the lack of an index at the end of the book makes it difficult to use. We
wanted to resolve this problem by means of this work, which is the result of a commission
from the Groupe de Recherches Musicales in 1972! So, we have taken ten years to begin it,
put it aside, take it up again and complete the definitive version.
For this undertaking presented numerous problems. Should we, for one, go throughthe theses in the Trait des Objets Musicaux, keeping only those which could be judged to be
tried and tested or beyond doubt? We decided against this, considering that it was important
to include everything and leave the reader to come to his own conclusion. Of course we have
not forgotten to point out, in every case, where the author is venturing into rushed hypotheses,
and where he is presenting results which he can guarantee. But a bold and on the spot concept
such as weight or impact can open up new avenues almost as much as a slowly developed
idea. Time will put all these new concepts to work and we cannot know in advance which
will bear the most fruit.
Although wishing to be faithful, this book is not a digest of the Trait des Objets
Musicaux. A quick comparison of the two works will show that it is the result of a long and
far-reaching process of reduction, reclassification, interpretation and reformulation (aiming
for a more synthetic, succinct style of writing), which makes it quite different from an
abridged version.
This Guide to Sound Objects has been written with three complementary aims in
mind:
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
8/212
7
- the modest but indispensable aim of providing the Index lacking in the Trait des
[14]Objets Musicaux(with page references to the Traitat the end of each section; here we
should point out that the pagination is the same in the three editions, and that the index can
therefore be used for any version of the Trait):- the aim, right from the start, of providing a Dictionary of the main key-concepts
(often presented in pairs) in the Trait des Objets Musicaux, bringing together all the
approaches to them which that work puts forward. We have chosen 100 of these concepts -
and these pairs - , designated by terms in common usage to which the author gives his own
particular meaning: Grain, Facture, Sustainment, Mass They can be found in alphabetical
order in theAlphabetical Indexat the beginning of this work, which gives the number of each
section;
- finally, the more recent aim of providing aReaders Guidegoing from the first to the
last page, and summarizing the main themes of the Trait in a logical order.
As a result of these three aims, the Guide to Sound Objects has two parallel
superimposed structures:
- a logical progressive structurein five parts, which only very minimally reflects the
structure of the Trait des Objets Musicaux, and which is in essence completely new;
- a numbered list of 100 sections within the sections of the above structure, but
which can be read independently and separately, as each section has its ownIndex.
To make the independent reading of each section possible, without requiring too many
back-references, we have had to repeat ourselves from time to time, but the few repetitions
when the book is read through systematically are, we believe, a minor inconvenience when
compared to the usefulness of being able to read the book in two ways.
To sum up our project, let us say that the Trait des Objets Musicauxis a work largely
written from a diachronic viewpoint, like an itinerary, an almost initiatory journey whose
meanders, regressions, difficult gestations should be followed through (no important conceptis presented without an accountof the intuitions, the trials and errors which gave rise to it),
and that we have cut out much of the synchronicmaterial even though this means compacting
and flattening out the text. Otherwise our work could have been of hardly any interest if it had
simply been a digest of the Trait. Our wager is that this reduced vision will allow a more
thorough, better guided, more informed new reading of the Trait, because of the other
viewpointit gives.
Similarly, we have selected fiveof the most important diagrams in the Trait (which
contains very many), and have appended them so that the reader can find linked together most
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
9/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
10/212
9
[16] ALPHABETIC TABLE
This table allows the reader to consult this Guide like a dictionary; the numbers indicated refer to the
numbering of the articles from 1 to 100.
ABSTRACT/CONCRETE, 15.ACCIDENT/INCIDENT, 87.
ACCUMULATION, 83.
ACOULOGY, 39.
ACOUSMATIC, 1.
ALLURE, 98.
ANALYSIS/SYNTHESIS, 48.
ANAMORPHOSIS, 5.
ARTICULATION/STRESS, 59.
ATTACK, 97.
BALANCE/ORIGINALITY, 70.
BALANCED (SOUNDS), 71.
CALIBRATION, 18.
CALIBRE: seeSITE/CALIBRE, 51.
CELL, 79.
CHANNELLED (SOUND), 91.
CHARACTERISTIC: see
VALUE/CHARACTERISTIC, 28, GENRE, 47.CHARACTEROLOGY, 46.
CLASS, 44.
CLOSED GROOVE, 2.
COMPLEX (SOUND, MASS), 66.
COMPOSED/COMPOSITE, 86.
CONTEXT/CONTEXTURE, 24.
CONTINUOUS/DISCONTINUOUS, 26.
CORRELATIONS, 4.
CRITERION/DIMENSION, 50.
CULTURAL: seeNATURAL/CULTURAL, 13.
CULTURAL (LISTENING MODE): see
NATURAL/CULTURAL (LISTENING MODES), 8.
CUT BELL, 2.
DENSITY/VOLUME, 94.
DEPONENT (SOUNDS), 45.
DESCRIPTION: see
IDENTIFICATION/DESCRIPTION, 23
DURATION/VARIATION, 69.DYNAMIC (CRITERION), 96.
POCH, 10.
EXCENTRIC (SOUNDS), 76.
FACTURE, 62.
see alsoMASS/FACTURE, 68.
FORMED (SOUNDS), 72.
FORM/MATTER, 60.
FOUR SECTORS: seeFOUR LISTENING
(MODES), 6.
FRAGMENT, 80.
GENRE, 47.
GRAIN, 95.
GROUP, 85.
HARMONIC TIMBRE, 93.
HEARING: seeMAKING/HEARING, 14.
HOMOGENEOUS (SOUNDS), 74.
IDENTIFICATION/DESCRIPTION, 23.IDENTIFY: see
IDENTIFICATION/DESCRIPTION, 23
IMPACT, 55.
IMPULSE, 63.
INCIDENT: seeACCIDENT/INCIDENT, 87.
INSTRUMENT, 21.
INTENTION, 9.
INTERDISCIPLINE, INTERDISCIPLINARY, 36.
INTONATION: seeARTICULATION/STRESS, 59.
ITERATIVE, ITERATION, 64.
LANGUAGE AND MUSIC, 32.
LARGE NOTE, 77.
LISTENING MODES, (THE) FOUR, 6.
MAKING/HEARING, 14.
MASS, 89.
MASS/FACTURE, 68
MASS PROFILE, 100.
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
11/212
10
MATTER: see FORM/MATTER, 60.
MEANING/SIGNIFICATION, 35.
MELODIC PROFILE, 99.
MODULE, 56.[17] MORPHOLOGICAL CRITERION, 88.
MORPHOLOGY, 43.
MOTIF, 84.
MUSIC THEORY, 38.
MUSICAL/MUSICIANLY, 16.
MUSICALITY/SONORITY, 27.
MUSICAL (OBJECT): see SOUND (OBJECT), 12,
NATURAL/CULTURAL, 13.
NATURAL/CULTURAL (LISTENING MODES), 8.
NODE, NODAL SOUND, 90.
NOTE, 19.
OBJECT/STRUCTURE, 22.
ORDINARY/SPECIALISED (LISTENING
MODES), 7.
ORIGINALITY: see BALANCE/ORIGINALITY,
70.
OSTINATO, 81.PERCEPTUAL FIELD, 25.
PERMANENCE/VARIATION, 29.
PHYSICAL SIGNAL, 3.
PITCH, 17.
POLYPHONY/POLYMORPHY, 31.
PROGREMU: see MUSIC THEORY, 38.
PROSE COMPOSITION/TRANSLATION 37.
PURE (MUSIC), 34.
REDUNDANT (SOUNDS), 73.
REDUCED (LISTENING), 11.
RELIEF, 54.
SAMPLE, 82.
SIGN, 33.
SIREN, 75.
SITE/CALIBRE, 51.
SONORITY: as opp. to MUSICAL, see
MUSICALITY/SONORITY, 27.
SOUND (OBJECT), 12.SPECIALISED (LISTENING): see
ORDINARY/SPECIALISED (LISTENING
MODES), 7.
SPECIES, 49.
SUITABLE (OBJECT), 40.
SUSTAINMENT, 61.
SUSTAINMENT/INTONATION: see
ARTICULATION/STRESS, 59.
SYNTHESIS: see ANALYSIS/SYNTHESIS, 48.
TABLATURE, 57.
THRESHOLD: see CORRELATION, 4.
TIMBRE, 20.
TONIC (SOUND, MASS), 65.
TRANSLATION: see PROSE
COMPOSITION/TRANSLATION 37.
TYPE, 42.
TYPOLOGICAL CRITERION, 67.TYPOLOGY, 41.
TYPO-MORPHOLOGY, 58.
VALUE/CHARACTERISTIC, 38.
VARIATION, 30.
VARIATION/TEXTURE: see
VALUE/CHARACTERISTIC, 28.
VARIATION: see PERMANENCE/VARIATION,
29 and DURATION/VARIATION, 69.
VOLUME: see DENSITY/VOLUME, 94.
WEFT, 78.
WEIGHT, 53.
WHITE NOISE, 92.
WIDTH, 52.
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
12/212
We would like to express our thanks to Michel Chion for his co-operation in producing this
translation. Chions exegesis of Pierre Schaeffers theories has, in our opinion, the rare merit of being
as indispensable as Schaeffers original work. We hope that our translation captures something of the
spirit of both Michel Chions Guide des objets sonores and Pierre Schaeffers Trait des objets
musicaux.
We would also like to express our gratitude to Daniel Teruggi, the current director of the Groupe des
Recherches Musicales, for supporting this project. His enthusiasm for the translation of French texts
into English was greatly encouraging.
Lastly, we would like to thanks Professor Leigh Landy, the director of the Music, Technology andInnovation Research Centre at De Montfort University, UK. Without Professor Landys help this
translation would, without doubt, still be seeking a suitable academic home. We hope his
considerable patience during the course of many revisions has been finally rewarded.
John Dack, Christine North.
March, 2009, London
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
13/212
""
"#$% "#!" $%&'() *+ ,)% $*-". */0%(,
$# ,12 34567839:4 ;2
$ %&'()* +, -./0+*.123 1.*1&'/02%1)/ -2/ 3)4 0+ 0-) %+0.+% +, 0-) /+&%4 +(5)10# 6.*/07 0-)
.%.0.23 4./1+8)*.)/ +, 9'&/.:&) 1+%1*;0)< =.0- .0/ 0=+ .%2&>&*23 )?@)*.')%0/A 0-) 4=572?
@;55 /.0&20.+%7 %+0 %)=7 (&0 =-+/)
+*.>.%23.0C -24 %)8)* ())% .4)%0.,.)4 +* >.8)% 2 /@)1.,.1 %2')B 0-) 21+&/'20.1 /.0&20.+%#
& #' ()*+,-(./)
DE&4567839:4A 2 *2*) =+*47 4)*.8)4 ,*+' 0-) F*))G7 2%4 4),.%)4 .% 0-) 4.10.+%2*C 2/A
3?B249:?:439:>@ 3 >5:72 D1:41 :7 123;? D:91569 912 436727 E;58 D1:41 :9 5;:@:>3927 A2:>@
722>#
H-) =+*4 =2/ 02G)% &@ 2>2.% (C I.)**) J1-2),,)* 2%4 KL*M') I).>%+0 0+ 4)/1*.() 2%
)?@)*.)%1) =-.1- ./ 8)*C 1+''+% 0+42C (&0 =-+/) 1+%/):&)%1)/ 2*) '+*) +* 3)//
&%*)1+>%./)47 1+%/./0.%> +, -)2*.%> /+&%4/ =.0- %+ 8./.(3) 12&/) +% 0-) *24.+7 *)1+*4/7
0)3)@-+%)7 02@) *)1+*4)* )01#
$1+&/'20.1 3./0)%.%> ./ 0-) +@@+/.0) +, ?:;249 3./0)%.%>7 =-.1- ./ 0-) 9%20&*23 O230-+&>- *)4&1)4 3./0)%.%> 12% 23/+ 02G) @321)7 (&0
=.0- >*)20)* 4.,,.1&30C7 .% 2 4.*)10 3./0)%.%> /.0&20.+%E#
PE%EE2497 5E 912 34567839:4 7:9639:5>A 0-) 21+&/'20.1 /.0&20.+% 230)*/ 0-) 1+%4.0.+%/ +,
3./0)%.%>7 =.0- 1)*02.% 1-2*210)*./0.1 ),,)10/# J+') +, 0-)/) 2*)A
2E H-) -)3@ @*+8.4)4 (C /.>-0 0+ .4)%0.,C 0-) /+&%4 /+&*1)/ ./ 2(/)%0# 9F2 ?:745@ D37 :> ;23=:9G 5>=G 722> 3>? 2HI=3:>2? AG 912
45>92H9< OQRE#
"#0% (E J.>-0 2%4 -)2*.%> 2*) 4.//+1.20)47 )%1+&*2>.%> 3./0)%.%> 0+ /+&%4 ,+*'/ ,+*
0-)'/)38)/ O2%4 -)%1)7 0+ 0-) /+&%4 +(5)10E#
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
14/212
"#
"#$%%$& '( )*+',-'./ 01,*. )0*-%- +%20'#- '# 0),*-20.') 3'-.%#'#4 50#$ '. )0# %6%# 1%
0+,*-%$ 1/ .7% -'.*0.',#8& .7% +%9%.'.',# ,( .7% +%),+$%$ -'4#03 )0# 9%+709- :%;70*-.< .7'-
)*+',-'./ 0#$ 3'..3% 1/ 3'..3% '29,-% :!"# %&'() &*+#,! -% - .#/,#.!0&( 1&/!"2 &3 *#0(4 50%!#(#)
!& 3&/ 0!%#53< 5=>8& +%6%03'#4 033 '.- +')7#%-- ., *-?
)8 @/ +%9%0.%$ 3'-.%#'#4 ., .7% -02% +%),+$%$ -,*#$ (+042%#.& .7% %2970-'- '- 930)%$
,# 60+'0.',#- ,( 3'-.%#'#4? A7%-% 60+'0.',#- $, #,. 0+'-% (+,2 0 :13*++'#4< ,( 9%+)%9.',#& 1*.
(+,2 :%.#,030, 6&6#(!% &3 055'60(-!0&(7 )0/#,!0&(% 1"0," -/# -51-2% ./#,0%# -() -51-2%
/#8#-5 - (#1 -%.#,! &3 !"# &*+#,!7 !&1-/)% 1"0," &'/ -!!#(!0&( 0% )#50*#/-!#52 &/
'(,&(%,0&'%52 )/-1(< 5=>8?
B8 9"# -,&'%6-!0, #:.#/0#(,#C .7% +0+% D,+$ :0),*-20.')< 03-, $%-)+'1%$ '# E+%%F 0
-%). ,( .7% $'-)'93%- ,( G/.704,+0- D7, D%+% -0'$ ., (,33,D 0 (,+2 ,( .%0)7'#4 D7%+% .7%
H0-.%+ -9,F% ., .7%2 7'$$%# 1%7'#$ 0 -)+%%#? A7'- D0- $,#% '# ,+$%+ ., $'-.+0). .7%'+ 6'-*03
0..%#.',# (+,2 7'- 97/-')03 099%0+0#)%?
G?I? %2970-'-%- .7% 0(0!0-!&/2 -'4#'(')0#)% ,( .7% 0),*-20.') %;9%+'%#)% D7')7
%#013%- .7% 3'-.%#%+ ., 1%),2% 0D0+% ,( 7'- 9%+)%9.*03 0).'6'./ 0- D%33 0- ,( .7% -,*#$ ,1J%).?
". D0- .7% 0),*-20.') #0.*+% ,( -,*#$ ,# .7% K0$', D7')7& '# L=>M& 3%$ 7'2 ., $%6%3,9
0 -%3(N),#.0'#%$ :#,'-% 2*-')< D7')7 7% D0- ., )033 6'%0;'# ,&(,/
%;.%#$ .7% 2%0#'#4 ,( .7% .%+2 :0),*-20.')< 0#$ -9%0F ,( .7% :0),*-20.') %;9%+'%#)%< .,
$%-)+'1% 0 #%D D0/ ,( 7%0+'#4C :4080(4 &(#%#53 &8#/ #(!0/#52 -() #:,5'%08#52 !& 50%!#(0(4
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
15/212
"#
!"#$% '( %$")*+,$- .(' '/$ $0'$*.!1 *$2$*$.)$" (2 '/$ "(3.% /$ 4$*)$+5$"- ,3' /+" 4$*)$4'+(.
+'"$12!" $%&'!
() *+),-./01+ /23 *+),-01+ /45 2)0 )66)-105- 7185 )9:5+01;5 /23 -,9:5+01;5! / -10,/01)2' 0?5 *+),-./01+ @63"' ,$ 3.!7!*$ (2 $A'
6$!"3*$" !.% $04$*+6$.'" 7/+)/ !4418 (.18 '( '/$ 4/8"+)!1 (,9$)'- '/$ !)(3"'+)+!.:" ;"+3' '/$ 2!)' '/!' '/$ ?)(3"6!'+) +" 2()3"$% (. '/$ "3,9$)' %($" .(' 6$!. '/!' +' 63"' 0?5 *$+.'*(%3)'+(. (2 4/$.(6$.(1(
-0/D5 )= 0?5 B!F!G! E177 75/3 0) / 35=12101)2 )= 0?5 "(3.% (,9$)' 12 10- @12?54520 )9:5+01;10>"
9/-53 )2 / 25E 71-05212D .)35H *$%3)$% A+"'$.+.
*IFJ(G*B!
L' *0 / 01.5 E?52 -,+? .,-1+ E/- ./35 )2 -,6675 31-+-C 0?5 +7)-53 D4));5
5R6541.520 +)2-1-053 12 +7)-12D / 45+)4353 =4/D.520 12 )2 10-57= $/- 1- 3)25 /++13520/77> 9> /
-+4/0+?'C 0?,- +45/012D / 6541)31+ 6?52).52)2 0/852C 510?54 9> +?/2+5 )4 3571954/057>C =4).
/2> -),23 +)2012,,. /23 /975 0) 95 4565/053 1235=121057>! U10? 0?5 /441;/7 )= 0?5 0/65
45+)4354C 0?5 0/65 7))6 4567/+53 0?5 +7)-53 D4));5 9> +45/012D /2 5R/+07> -1.17/4 5==5+0!
U1357> ,-53 12 .,-1S,5 +)2+4T05 3,412D 0?1- 6541)3C 0?5 +7)-53 D4));5 753 0) /2 /E/4525-- )=
0?5 -),23 )9:5+0 /23 453,+53 71-05212DH ?)EC 123553C +),73 0?1- -),23 =4/D.520 95 35-+41953
+. +'"$12C E?52 0?5 @+/,-/7" /23 /25+3)0/7 654+5601)2 E/- -))2 );54 /23 E?52 10 645-52053
10-57= 0) 0?5 71-05254 /- /2 @)9:5+0"C /7E/>- 135201+/7 >50 /7E/>- +/6/975 )= 45;5/712D 25E
+?/4/+0541-01+- E?52 ?5/43 );54 /23 );54 /D/12V
&' B?5 5R6541.520 )= 0?5 )3' ,$11 /7-) 12;)7;53 12054;5212D 12 0?5 64)D45-- )= /
45+)4353 -),23H 1= / =4/D.520 )= 0?5 45-)2/2+5 )= / 9577 E/- @0/852 ),0" /=054 10- /00/+8C 0?52C
9> 5;5212D ),0 10- 3>2/.1+ 95?/;1),4 /23 4565/012D 0?1- =4/D.520 ,-12D 0?5 05+?21S,5 )= 0?5
@+7)-53 D4));5"C @! "(3.% 1+#$ ! 213'$" $OLW' +),73 95 ?5/43! B?1- 5R6541.520 753 X15445
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
16/212
"#
!"#$%&&%' )* )#% +,%$- .#+"# #% .$/ )* 0%'+&1 +2 /34/%53%2) %67%'+8%2)/- )#$) )#% '%"*92+)+*2
*& $ )+84'% .$/ 2*) :+2;%, $/ 83"# $/ .$/ )#*39#) $) )#% )+8% )* )#% 7'%/%2"% *& $ ,+/)+2")+0%
#$'8*2+" /7%")'38- 43) $:/* )* *)#%' "#$'$")%'+/)+"/ +2 )#% !"#$*& )#% /*32,
GHF IJKKL CDE- MEN- MOO>
GKP!JQ RSPPTJL 56- UO- CDE- MOO>
%' I> 7890(-4/ :(2)4/ 4)1 :",)1 ;. Z%2"%- /%0%'$: 7$9%/ *& )#% F>P>X> "*2)$+2 $ &*'8$: "'+)+53%- 4$";%, 37 41
238%'*3/ %67%'+8%2)/- *& )#+/ )%2,%2"1 .#+"# +20*:0%/ '%,3"+29 $3,+)*'1 7%'"%7)+*2 )*
$ /*') *& +,%2)+"$: "*71 *& $2 @*4B%")+0%A 7#1/+"$: /+92$:> W) 7*+2)/ *3) )#$) )#%'% $'% 0%'1
0$'+$4:% -"##%/4*(")04%).%%2 )#% 7#1/+"$: /+92$: $2, )#% 7%'"%+0%, /*32,- .#+"# "$2 4%
"#$'$")%'+/%, 41 7#%2*8%2$ "$::%, 4)4$"#'8"0%0 $2, .#+"# ,%8*2/)'$)% )#$) /*32,
"$22*) 4% '%,3"%, )* $ :+2%$' )'$2/:$)+*2 *& $ /)+83:3/>
V !+8+:$':1- +& )#% /*32, *4B%") +/ $//*"+$)%, .+)# $ 2%. :+/)%2+29 8*,% .#+"# .% /#$::
"$:: '%,3"%, :+/)%2+29- .% /#*3:, &+'/) )'1 )* 32,%'/)$2, )#% 8%"#$2+/8 "! @*',+2$'1A-
2*2V'%,3"%, :+/)%2+29 8*,%/> [*' )#%'% $'% /%0%'$:L $) :%$/) M> F#%/% $'% )#% M /(0*%)()2
$"1%0,%&+2+29 M 0%-*"#0- M .$1/ *& "*2/+,%'+29 *3' '%:$)+*2/#+7 )* /*32,> F#%/% &*3'
/%")*'/ '%"3' )#'*39#*3) )#% =,(1% *" :",)1 ;.
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
17/212
"#
" #$ %&'()*+, ()-.+,
"# $% &'(()* +%(, *-'* %.%/, -%'/+ 0)1(+ 20 *-% 3%/&%3*2)( )4 ' .25/'*2(6
3-%()7%()( )&&1//2(6 2( *-% 3-,02&'8 9)/8+: ;1* 2* 20 273)00258% *) &8'27 *) +%+1&% 4/)7
*-20< '0 9'0 )4*%( *-% &'0% +1/2(6 *-% =>0 '(+ *-% ?>0< *-'* 3%/&%2.%+ 7102&'8 .'81%0 '/%
7%'01/'58% '(+ 2+%(*242'58% 4/)7 *-% 3'/*2&18'/ 3'/'7%*%/0 )4 *-20 3-,02&'8 026('8:
@(+%%+< 2* 20 273)/*'(* *) +20*2(6120- ABCDE '0 ' 3-,02&'8 026('8 '(+ *-10 7%'01/'58%
5, 7'&-2(%0< '(+ ABCDE '0 ' 0)1(+ )5F%&*< 9-2&- '/20%0 4/)7 ' 3%/&%3*1'8< G1'82*'*2.%
%H3%/2%(&%< 9-2&- &'( () 7)/% 5% 2+%(*242%+ 5, ' 3-,02&'8 3-%()7%()( *-'( *-% 3%/&%3*2)( )4
' &)8)1/ 20 5, ' 9'.%8%(6*-:
I# J-% KLMNA@OPQ A@RDPQS 20< *-%/%4)/%< 0)1(+ '0 '( %(%/6%*2& 3-%()7%()(
'&*2(6 2( *-% 3-,02&'8 9)/8+ T%8%&*/2& &1//%(*< 7%&-'(2&'8 .25/'*2)(#< %H20*2(6 2(+%3%(+%(*8, )4
'(, K820*%(%/S< 51* 9-2&- '88)90 -27 *) -%'/ ' K0)1(+ )5F%&*S:
J-20 3-,02&'8 026('8 &'( 5% 8)&'*%+ '(+ G1'(*242%+ 5, 2*0 3'/*2&18'/ G1'82*2%0
T4/%G1%(&,< '7382*1+%< &-/)()7%*/2& *27%< %*&:# 102(6 7%'01/2(6 +%.2&%0U 2* &'( 5% /%&)/+%+
'(+ /%3/)+1&%+ 5, /%&)/+2(6 '(+ /%3/)+1&2(6 %G1237%(* 9-2&- '80) '88)90 2* *) 5%
7'(2318'*%+U '(+ 2* &'( '80) 5% 0,(*-%02V%+ %8%&*/)(2&'88, 92*- .%/, 3/%&20% +%*%/72('*2)( )4
%'&- )4 *-% &-'/'&*%/20*2&0 &2*%+ '5).% T4/%G1%(&,< '7382*1+%< %*&:#:
/001 @* 20 */1% *-'* *-% OBWWXQPJ@BDA 5%*9%%( *-% .'/2'*2)(0 )4 ' 3-,02&'8 026('8 '(+
*-% 3%/&%2.%+ 0)1(+ )5F%&* 9-2&- &)//%03)(+0 *) 2* '/% &8)0%< 51* *-%, '/% ()* ' +2/%&* &)3,: @*
20 *-% F)5 )4 K30,&-)'&)10*2&0S *) 0*1+, *-%0% &)//%8'*2)(0 4/)7 02738% 3-,02&'8 %H'738%0
T31/% 4/%G1%(&2%0 4)/ %H'738%#< '(+ 3'/*2&18'/8, '88 *-% 3-%()7%(' )4 +20*)/*2)(
T'('7)/3-)0%0# 9-2&- )&&1/ 9-%( 7).2(6 4/)7 )(% *) *-% )*-%/< '0 ' /%018* )4 *-%
LMNA@BQBR@OPQ 3/)3%/*2%0 )4 *-% %'/ '(+ *-% LANOMBQBR@OPQ +'*' 9-2&- 2(*%/.%(% 2(
*-% '&* )4 820*%(2(6:
J-% '&*2.% /)8% )4 *-% %'/ 2( &)(0*/1&*2(6 '(+ +%42(2(6 *-% &-'/'&*%/20*2&0 )4 3%/&%2.%+
0)1(+ &'( 5% +%7)(0*/'*%+ 5, 0-)92(6 *-'* 2( &%/*'2( &'0%0 *-% %'/ 3%/&%2.%0 41(+'7%(*'8
()*%0 9-2&- +) ()* 3-,02&'88, %H20* 51* 9-2&- 2* 013382%0 4/)7 *-% 03%&*/17 )4 *-%2/
-'/7)(2&0:
L2%//% A&-'%44%/Y0 &-'88%(6% *) K0&2%(*242& 3/%F1+2&%S T*-/)16- 9-2&- 0)1(+ 20 %G1'*%+
92*- *-% 3%/&%3*2)( )4 2*0 3-,02&'8 &)73)(%(*0< 62.2(6 *-% 3/'&*2&% )4 7102& *-% 0*'*10 )4 '
K0&2%(&%S# 20 5'0%+< *-%/%4)/%< )( LANOMBPOBCAJ@O %H3%/27%(*0 T/%3)/*%+ 2( 5))Z @@@#
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
18/212
"#
!"# %# &%'( #) *) !+,)-. #/+ +0+'+-#&1, +2&'30+( (#".%+. !, )1.%-&1, 3(,4/)&4)"(#%4( #)
#&%- #/+ (#"( )5 6789:;< =>?=@96=AB;B9CAD
B/+ &%' )5 #/%( +23+1%'+-#%)-E F/%4/ 84/&+55+1 .%55+1+-#%+( 51)' 3(,4/)&4)"(#%4(
%( G!" $%!&'()%* $+,$-).$/!&( -$(&!)"/%*),% '$!0$$/ !*$ ,*1%)2&( %)3/&( 4%"5/67 6$8)/$6 '1
&2"5%!)2 ,&-&.$!$-%9 &/6 !*$ .5%)2&( "':$2! 4,$-2$);$6 0)!* !*$ )/!$/!)"/ "8 .5%)2&(
()%!$/)/39HE #/%( 1+(+&14/ G)% /"! &88$2!$6 '1 &/1 ,-$2"/2$);$6 !*$"-)$% '&%$6 "/ !*$ 8)/6)/3%
"8 ,%12*"&2"5%!)2%H IJKLMD
&M*$ ,*1%)2&( %)3/&(? )% /"! %"/"-"5%7 )/ !*$ %$/%$ "8 %".$!*)/3 0*)2* )% 3-&%,$6 '1
!*$ $&-= @! *&% !" 6" 0)!* !*$ ,*1%)2% "8 $(&%!)2 $/;)-"/.$/!%= @! )% 6$8)/$6 )/ -$(&!)"/ !" /"-.%7
&/6 )!% "0/ %1%!$. "8 -$8$-$/2$AINKOMD
9- /%( 1+(+&14/ %-#) ()"-.E 84/&+55+1 (&,(E G!*$ &2"5%!)2)&/ )% 2"/2$-/$6 0)!* !0" !*)/3%B
!*$ %"5/6 "':$2! 0*)2* *$ ()%!$/% !"7 &/6 !*$ %)3/&( 0*)2* *$ .$&%5-$%= C-". *)% $--"/$"5%
;)$0,")/!7 &(( *$ *&% !" 6" )% 8)-%! ,5! 6"0/ !*$ ,*1%)2&( %)3/&(7 2"/%)6$- 0*&! *$ ()%!$/% !" !"
'$ )!% -$%5(!7 &/6 !*$ %"5/6 "':$2! &% & %5':$2!);$ .&/)8$%!&!)"/? D$ 8"-3$!% !*&! @> @E >DF
EGHI< GJKFL> @>EFMC7 ND@LD @E O@PFI @I >DF QRGLFEE GC QFRLFQ>@GI7 >DS>
FRT@IFE >DF E@OISM >G JF E>H
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
19/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
20/212
"#
!" !"#$%&'$()* ,( )-%$*-,./* 0(/ )%0(*&)&,(0.*$ %&' ()*)(+( %)(',%&-'.&/01. /2 %&'
'3- 2/- -'4/5*).)*5 6)%4&'.7 3-%)4+03%)/*. 3*1 %)(!-'. 6038 3* )(6/-%3*% 63-% )* %&' 6'-4'6%)/*
/2 %&' 6&8.)430 4&3-34%'-).%)4. /2 ./+*19
4" !"#$%&'$()* &( :0(0',%#-,*$* ,1 /2(0'&3* 0(/ )&'4%$*; =?@ABC@DED"$ %&'.' 'F6'-)('*%. '.%3!0).& %&' )(6/-%3*4' /2 %&' 18*3()4
1'G'0/6('*% /2 ./+*17 %&-/+5&/+% )%. 1+-3%)/*7 %/ %&' 6'-4'6%)/* /2 )%. 3%%34H 3*1 %)(!-'9
1" !"#$%&'$()* ,( )&'$ 0(/ /5%0)&,($ %&'.' 0'31 +. %/ 6/.)% %&3% 6'-4')G'1 (+.)430
1+-3%)/* ). 3 2+*4%)/* /2 %&' 1'*.)%8 /2 )*2/-(3%)/*
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
21/212
"#
!"#$%&'( &* %+, *$-,. $ *'"(! /+&0+ &* #&0+ &( &(1'#-$%&'( /&22 3, 4,#0,&5,! $* 2'(6,# %+$( $
*'"(! /+&0+ &* 74''#,#8 $(! -'#, 4#,!&0%$32,9 :;?@ABC;G>E@E@B>X O9 UEBX
Q9 G>CBE;>E@B>X I9 F>BT>
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
22/212
"#
"#$ %&'%()*+$ ,-./$0*,1 )*&& +'', /$%'.$ 23.*&*304 *5 *,6*%35$+ ,'5 3 %#0','&'1*%3&
+$7-$,%$ /-5 3 8%*0%-*59: )#$0$ ;$0%$;5*', .'
H, +$%5'0 I J !"#$%&"&': .$3,+ &*+5$,*,1 5' +'.$',$: 5' +'.$5#*,1K 3,6 5#0'-1# 5#$
*,5$0.$6*30= '2 +'-,6: 3*.*,1 5' *6$,5*2= 5#$ +'-0%$: 5#$ $
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
23/212
"#
"#$ % "&$ "'$ % "($
)*+,-)., ./0.-1,1
2345673 893 :2;348 3? ?:@A
8: B65C3=7:A @9: 3=43
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
24/212
""
! #$ %&' (')% *+ ,$- ./0 1' &,2' %&' %13 ,45%6,7% 5'7%3658 %&' 9637'55 3) (:5%'$:$;0
*4'(31/0 1:%& ?@AB0 1&:7& :$23(2'5 %&' 5'('7%:3$ 3) 7'6%,:$ CD,(:%:'5 3) 53D$-0 %D6$5
*,432'/ 1:%& E#FG?=1)*,$,#2 '",4" ',** )**0' ,$ $0 /# %#*)$#7 $0 0$"#%26 0% $0 /# %#=#%%#7 $0
8#)-,-.=1* 292$#82? @- $"# 40-$%)%96 ,- A )-7 B6 '"#$"#% '#(%# $)*+,-. )/01$ #5#%9
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
25/212
"#
!"#"!$! "&'( ) !"#!$%&%*"!$ (& '+$ ,"-+' ./ )&! 01 )&! )& '()&$'!&*"!$ (& '+$ 2$3' .4 )&! 516
7+$8 ),$ ,$*9$:'"#$28;
!*+% &'(-% ". -/)&%#/#0.1#!&/"#) .//*',)'"&- $):+ ?(!$1C
!
'+$ !")-,)? "& '=( 9),'* *+(="&- '+$ !"$$%-'&/"# (%&2%%# &+% 3+4)/!'- '#5 61)/!'-
"(7%!&.3"-6/D /551 3(, '+$ 9+8*":"*' )&! ?>*":")&C
!'+$ '=( !")-,)?* ="'+ '+$", #),")&'* *+(="&- '+$ 2"*'$&"&- ?(!$ "6/&&%5 /# -'#01'0%
.4EF )&! 4EG1D :(?9),"&- -'#01'0%="'+ ?>*":C
*+% ./#'- )166'$4 ". -/)&%#/#0 /#&%#&/"#) .3"-6 0D /H51 !($* &(' 3(22(= '+$ ),,)&-$?$&'
"&'( 5 *$:'(,*D I>' :)& I$ 3(>&! "& ) 8J*+)9$ ="'+ ) :(&:,$'$ *"!$ (& '+$ ,"-+' .2"*'$&"&- '(
*(>&! )* )& /#5/!'&/"#(3 )& $#$&'1 )&! )& )I*',):' *"!$ (& '+$ 2$3' .2"*'$&"&- '( *(>&! )* '+$
:),,"$, (3 ) 6%'#/#01 .*$$ KLMLN7OP1
Q' (&$ *')-$D =+$,$ '+$ @$R9$,"?$&')2 *8*'$?A "* "&',(!>:$!D '+"* !"#"!"&- 2"&$ "* 9>' "&'(
S>$*'"(&6 T$:'(, /D '+$ :)>*)2 ,$3$,$&:$ '( *(>,:$ .-/)&%#/#0 '( )& "&*',>?$&'1 "* ,$2(:)'$! (&
'+$ )I*',):' *"!$6 M(, $R)?92$D ,$3$,$&:$ '( )& "&*',>?$&' .*>:+ )* '+$ #"(2"&1 (& ) ',)!"'"(&)2
*:(,$ *+(=* ) :$,')"& 2$#$2 (3 )I*',):'"(& !$*9"'$ )99$),)&:$*6
@*+1)8 &+% &%$6#"(2"& /# &+% /#5/!'&/"#@'U "# &+% 9/"-/#A /) #" -%)) '()&$'!& &+'# &+%
9'-1% ". &+% )46("-U6:%'9/#0 ')/5% %9%$4&+/#0 %-)%8 2+'& +') (%%# $%&'/#%5 /) 2+'& !"1-5 (%
!"66"# &" '-- 3"))/(-% 9/"-/#)A .4/F16
Q3'$, '+"* &$= "&'$,9,$')'"(& (3 *$:'(, / )* *+(="&- &(' (&28 ) :(&:,$'$ ,$3$,$&:$ '( )
9),'":>2), *(>,:$ .9/"-/#)1 I>' )2*( ) ?(,$ -$&$,)2 ,$3$,$&:$ '( '+$ 3):' '+)' ' :+),):'$,"*'":
'89$ (3 "&*',>?$&' .&+% #"(2"&D ="'+ "'* -$&$,": '"?I,$1D (, $#$& ) 0%#$% (3 :+),):'$,"*'":
*(>,:$* "* )& )I*',):'"(&D (&28 *$:'(, 0 .,)= @+$),"&-A1 (3 '+$ ,$*' (3 '+$ 5J*$:'(, !")-,)?* "&
'+$ 76V6W6 ,$?)"&* ',>28 :(&:,$'$6
7+"* "* ',>$ (3 '+$ 3(22(="&- !")-,)?*D "& (,!$,;
! ;"63'$'&/9% &'(-% ". 6'&%$/'-) ."$ -'#01'0% '#5 61)/!.4/516
!
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
26/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
27/212
"#
!"#$%&'&()%&*$"#$%&'(# ) *+, )-. *+,+#,(-&.%&*$"#$%&'(# )) *+, ))). "#$$ !"./
00//-*0-)11# *' 34,&()5 6#,#)-(7 "1234 567869:;./ # ># &=$ (>%=$#& *+, ?'#&
%'?@A$B4 *# >+ $CC$%& >& %'+&*>+# &D' >+&$(A*%$, ,>*E(*?#4 '+$ '+ &=$ F&(*,>&>'+*A
#G#&$?H "I'B$# ) *+, )- >+ 6'?*+ +J?$(*A#.4 &=$ '&=$( '+ &=$ F$B@$(>?$+&*A #G#&$?H
"I'B$# 0 &' K >+ L(*I>% +J?$(*A#4 D=$($ &=$ C'J( ?*>+ #&*E$# 'C &=$ :J#>% @4 0O04 0OW4 0KO4 0KK4 0WK4 1XY4 1XP4
10K4 10Y4 1OX4 11P4 1214 12Y4 1234 K3Y4 K3P4 K334 WX04 20W/
$!%& ( )* +,-./0,123456.07.38 97.385/./: ;+-53(# 'C A>#&$+>+E ?',$#4 &'E$&=$( D>&= &=$ @*>( +*&J(*AZ%JA&J(*A/
A-"&$)-; 5&,%#$&$0E'$# >??$,>*&$AG &' &=$ ()4,)5&%;'C &=$ #'J+,4 > '(>E>+#4 *# D$AA
*# > ?$*+>+E "#$%&'(# 0 [ K4 S)N%JA*( ?*++$( 'C A>#&$+>+E/ R'( $B*?@A$4 &=$
#'J+, 'C E*AA'@>+EM '(,>+*(G A>#&$+>+E =$*(# >& *# &=$ E*AA'@>+E 'C ='(#$#4 IJ& ,>CC$($+&
#@$%>*A>#$, A>#&$+>+E# =$*( >& ,>CC$($+&AG^ &=$ *%'J#&>%>*+ #$$_# &' ,$&$(?>+$ &=$ +*&J($ 'C &=$
@=G#>%*A #>E+*A4 &=$ T*&>]$ L?$(>%*+ )+,>*+ =$*(# F&=$ .*,,&C5# ")$0#- *' )$ )..-*)(7&$0
#$#1;H4 *+, &=$ ?J#>%>*+ =$*(# -7;%71&( 0-*4.&$0,/
`$ ?J#&4 ='D$]$(4 I$D*($ 'C &=>+_>+E &=*& '(,>+*(G A>#&$+>+E ># ?'($ F#JIa$%&>]$H
*+, #@$%>*A>#& A>#&$+>+E ># ?'($ F'Ia$%&>]$H^ &=$ '@@'#>&$ %'JA, $bJ*AAG I$ *(EJ$,/
O. 9*%= A>#&$+>+E ?',$ =*# > 'D+ A>?>M '(,>+*(G A>#&$+>+E E>]$# *+ >?@($%>#$
F*J&'?*&>% ($#@'+#$H *I'J& > #JIa$%&/ N@$%>*A>#& A>#&$+>+E #=J >$AC 'CC C('? %$(&*>+
?$*+>+E#4 %$(&*>+ @'&$+&>*A>&>$#4 '( $A#$ >& &(>$# &' I(>+E $]$(G&=>+E >+&' > 'D+ ,'?*>+M C'(
$B*?@A$4 F@=G#>%>#&c#H A>#&$+>+E4 D=>%= >E+'($# *AA &=$ @$(%$@&>'+# D=>%= >& %*++'& ($,J%$ &'
> C>$A,4 D>&='J& #$$>+E &=*& F#D#-; ,.#(&)5&,#" )4"&%*-; )(%&D&%; #,%)C5&,7#, ) "*1)&$ *'
*CE#(%&D# .-)(%&(#, F7&(7 )-# #$%&-#5; *-&0&$)5H"0OY./
76U)TL6dZN59\)LS)N=?=>>4 0O1e0O24 0OY4 0OP4 0WOe0WK4 11Y/
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
28/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
29/212
"#
"# $%& '())&*+,-(. /&,0&&. 1&)'&1,2+* -.,&.,-(. +.3 ,%& 1&)'&-4&3 (/5&', -6 (.& (7 ,%&
72.3+8&.,+* .(,-(.6 (7 !"#$%$%'%() 0%-'% 9'%+&77&) *#+$,%*!%*-.#/ -.,( 826-'+*
)&6&+)'%: 0%-'% 0+6 3(8-.+,&3 -. ,%& ;
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
30/212
"#
!"#$"#!%"&' )%*"+) $))$"#!&'', -&+$ !" %.+$. #% /%--*"!/$ 012345 6%. $7&-8'$9 :!" !"$%!&
'()* +,- ,.%!" /0(1 !"1 %0(2- '01- 0( ! +!%3+!%; 012345
&/#*.$ )%*"+)9
#=!) !) B=$.$ $"=-"+$0" /%-$) !" 0121C12D45 #=$ $7#$."&' B%.'+ &"+ !#) %?S$/#)A &) & .$)*'# %> B=!/= /%")/!%*)"$)) #*.") ?&/Q
*8%" !#)$'> &"+ ?$/%-$) &B&.$ %> !#) 8$./$8#*&' &/#!E!#, !" )% >&. &) #=$ '#$. $)#&?'!)=$) !#)
:!"#$"#!%"&' %?S$/#);5 T8%/=U !) #=$ %88%)!#$ %> :"&!E$ >&!#=; !" &" $7#$."&' B%.'+ >!''$+ B!#=
%?S$/#)C!"C#=$-)$'E$)A #=$ /&*)$) %> 8$./$8#!%"5 8$./$8#!%" 0&')% /&''$+9 8=$"%-$"%'%@!/&' .$+*/#!%"A $7/'*)!%"
>.%- #=$ 8=,)!/&' &"+ -%.&' B%.'+A $#/54 &''%B) *) #% @.&)8 #=$ $78$.!$"/$ %> 8$./$8#!%"5 :W
!+ +,- 2!%- +$%- !2 +,- 05C-'+ /,$', $+ 4(-2-"+2 +0 %-5D"1 +,-" < (-!&$2- +,!+ +(!"2'-"1-"'-
E07 +,- 05C-'+ $" (-&!+$0" +0 +,- ',!"6$"6 7&.F 07 +,- 1$77-(-"+ /!)2 $+ $2 4-('-$=-1G $2 !"#$%&
$" %) %'(%#)%*+%; 03KL45
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
31/212
"#
"# $% &'( )*+&,-./*+ -*0( 12 /,0&(%,%34 5)1-'5 +()+(0(%&0 * 6(-1%6,&,1%,%3 12 '*7,&.*/
/,0&(%,%3 )*&&(+%04 * +(&.+% &1 &'( 81+,3,%*/ (9)(+,(%-(: 12 )(+-()&,1%4 (%*7/,%3 .0 &1 3+*0) &'(
01.%6 17;(-& *& ,&0 1(6,.>4 *% .%6(+/*? 12 &'( )(+-()&,1%0
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
32/212
"#
!""#!$!%' ")**+,-#. /0")1/#1+&!-. "$),!,-# #2+*1#% #1&3 4 )$ !5!+%. !* "#)"-# *1+-- *!0. 1/#
6"/#%)7#%)-)5+&!- 8. 1/# 6"911+%5 +% "!$#%1/#*#*8 ): 1/# ),;#&1+. >) %)1
-#! +1* +%1#%1+)%!- ),;#&1*"# $%&''()*+ A!$1#*+!% B#>+1!1+)%*+ ,-.,/0
12 34( '56( 758 )(9&:(9 *;'3(2;2< 5' 9(=;2(9 >8 ?;())( @:45(==() 9A(' 2A3 :A2';'3 ;2
;2B5*;953;2< C253&)5*" *;'3(2;2< 6A9(' $A= 'A&29 5' ;29(D A) ';9> -+*1#%+%5#
CC#:)$# ! %#= 7#1/)> ): 1$!+%+%5 +* ")**+,-#. !%> ! %#= *0*1#7 ): $#:#$#%*
!""$)"$+!1# 1) 1/# !"#$% "'()*+ &!% ,# #*1!,-+*/#>. D 79*1 ,-)) ./!)0, ,-". +1)
2$%"*+-2$3+2"$ ): 70 :)$7#$ =!0* !%> $9% 1/# 5!9%1-#1 ): 1/#45"*14" $G-H0#
I4;' ;' 5 );3( A= ;2;3;53;A2+ 5 )(3&)2 3A 34( 'A&):('+ 529 2A3 5 C)(3&)2 3A 253&)("+ ';2:(
C=# :+%> %)1/+%5 7)$# 253&)5* 1/!% !&"1+%5 +%>)&1$+%!1+)%3 D1 +* !% 523;.253&)5* #::)$1 1)
"#$+J(:3"+ ;3'
C:A))(*53(" $529 74;:4 9A(' 2A3 5);'( =)A6 ;3 5' =)A6 ;3' :5&'(+ 5' ;2 34( CF48';:;'3K' ':4(65"
74;:4 ?;())( @:45(==() )(=&3('0 34&' 5);'(' =)A6 52 LFA:4L+ 5 F&33;2< ;2 F5)(234('(' A=
C253&)5*" F():(F3&5* ;23(23;A2'# 13 9(6529' 3453 B;)3&( A= C7A29()" 9::;53 34( 7A)*9+ 74;:4
?;())( @:45(==() 9;'F*58'+ 529 =)A6 34( B()8 >( 6?@AB?@ CDEF?GDGH
,0 S(9&:(9 *;'3(2;2< ;' 34( *;'3(2;2< 533;3&9( 74;:4 :A2';'3' ;2 *;'3(2;2< 3A 34( 'A&29
:)$ +1* )=% *!@#+ 5' 5 *)9%> ),;#&1.>8 )(6AB;2< ;3' )(5* A) '&FFA'(9 'A&):( 529 34( 6(52;2A&3 :5&'(' 529 6(52;2< $74;:4
3)(53' 'A&29 5' 52 ;23()6(9;5)8 5**A7;2< &' 3A F&)'&( A34() A>J(:3'0 529 3&)2' ;3 >5:E A2 3A 34(
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
33/212
"#
!"#$% '(!)*+, -$ .)%#/)% *'!()$'$01 "#. *'!()$'$0 '$()$('"$ (2.0)(! (3) )4)$( 53'/3 (3) !"#$%
"67)/( '! '$ '(!)*+ 82$% $"( (" 53'/3 '( .)+).!9 2$% (3) 42*#)! 53'/3 '( /2..')! '$ '(!)*+ 82$% $"(
(3) "$)! '( !#00)!(!9,
:9 -$ ;".%'$2.
A3#!1 (3) $2B) .)%#/)% *'!()$'$0 .)+).! (" (3) $"('"$ "+ )#"*+,"*+&+-$%.& 0"(1%2$+*
8C@"/3C91 6)/2#!)1 '$ 2 52)%#/)% *'!()$'$0 !('** .)(2'$! 2 *'$M 5'(3 ;".%'$2.< *'!()$'$0= 2$% '! *'M) ;'(! "(3).
!'%)=,
;:+'"!"0 0"(1%"( 2#" &$32"*$*- 2+ 2#" 3+1*( +; ?@#.2A3 -+$*- +*B7 .*( ?@#.2 (+"3 $2 ,".*B CDE7 N#( ;'" %.*
%#.*-" +10 ($0"%2$+* +5 $*2"0"32= '$2#+12 '#+&&9 ($301)2$*- 2#" ;.3$% $*2"*2$+* '#$%#
("2"0,$*"3 2#" 3201%210"> $5 '" %".3" 2+ &$32"* 2+ .* "!"*2 ,"($.2"( ;9 3+1*(= '" *"!"02#"&"33
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
34/212
"#
!"#$%#&' $" )%*$'# $" $+' *", -* - *", '.'#$! #$%&'( )*+,- . ,/+01 .0231/42 #,+3* ., 4*2
0/5,2 /6 . 7.89:2 8/::50; .9/+4 /0 .0 +02?
=+'*", 2",>5, 4*2 7.4285.: ,/+832 /6 4*2 ,/+01 =*53* 3.0 92 5120456521 68/7 54( G0
V8203*- =54* 3284.50 @2/@:2- 4*2 .795;+54B /6 4*2 =/81 A/9F24! .11, 4/ 4*2 .:82.1B
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
35/212
""
!"" $%&'&( )*+ !"#$% "'()*+ !& ! ,%'-%, !.-&+& /.+$-&+"0 1.%2 '*+ .!3-$!" 3-&'-,$'-%, 4+'5++,
'*+ &%6,3 !,3 -'& .+!" %. -2!7-,+3 $!6&!"-'0(
48 ,-) !"#$% "'()*+ .! $"+ +-) /-0!.*12 !.3$129 '*+ "!''+. -& ,%' :&%6,3; !' !""(
$8 ,-) !"#$% "'()*+ .! $"+ 1 4)*"4%)% 54136)$+(
+.= *%5 %4C+$'& !.+ 3-&'-,76-&*+3 !,3 -&%"!'+3 -, ! :&%6,3 $*!-,; -& !, -,'+,'-%,!"
!,3 ,%,J,+6'.!" !$'(
-36!""0( K%,>+.&+"0= -' $!, /"!$+ '*+ %4C+$' -, '*+ 5-3+. $%,'+L' %1 ! &'.6$'6.+ 5*-$* $!,
4+ $%,&-3+.+3 !& !, %4C+$' @"!5 HMNOK)PQ)RSK)SRO= &++ %%8
I%5+>+.= 5+ &*!"" .+"0 %, $+.'!-, .6"+& @&6$* !& '*+ $*%-$+ %1 2+3-62 36.!'-%,= 5*-$*
*+"/& 2+2%.-&+ '*+ &%6,3 !& ! 5*%"+8= '% 3+'+.2-,+ '*+ :%.3+. %1 2!7,-'63+; 5*-$* 5-"" 4+
!3%/'+3 '% 3+2!.$!'+ &%6,3 %4C+$'&(
9"#$% "'()*+!,3 6#!.*12 $"+)9 -,&%1!. !& -' -& ! 6,-' %1 &%6,3= ! :7+&'!"';= 5*-$* $!,
4+ 2!3+ 6/ %1 &+>+.!" 2-$.%J+>+,'& 4%6,3 '%7+'*+. 40 ! 1%.2= '*+ &%6,3 %4C+$' -, ! $"!&&-$!"
26&-$ $!,,%' /.+$-&+"0 2!'$* +!$* ,%'+ %, '*+ &$%.+9 ! *!./ !./+77-% %, '*+ &$%.+ -& ! &+.-+&
%1 ,%'+&B 46'= '% '*+ "-&'+,+.= -' -& ! &-,7"+ &%6,3 %4C+$'(
QHSTU @HMNOK)89 EV= WV= XF= :;?=@A= EXG= E[GJ
EG\= EGE= EGV= VVZ= VZVJVZZ= VZF= VZX= VW[= V[ZJV[W= VGY= ZYW(
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
36/212
"#
!"#$ ""# !"#$%' )$% * +$%# ,#-#%*. +/'&0
$# !12 31422 56789:;:
%&' (')* +,-(.)-/0 .1'2 3, (&' 45.)1' 56 (&31 4&-7(') *-8 (-9' 15*' 7'57/'
-:-49; -1 36 3( 4-*' 6)5* - ,-3' ?5./2 -19 (&' )'-2') (5 -3642: 2?&34&
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
37/212
"#
! #$%%&'( )*+,-$,(.
"# $%& %# '#/'(&*0/%)%. *$1,#)2 (3/$-3(( )# *+,*-&,-./ #%0# 1232 '*$1,# ,1
1$00/1&42. )' &50%&112. #$2($%)2 2)'-$)-&6 73,#3 3)1 *&)','- /'2. (3%/$-3 $1)-& 89:; %&10/'1&? ,;&; (3&. 0/1($2)(& ) ')($%)2 +)1& @/% *$1,# ,' /%-)',A)(,/')2 8*)(3&*)(,#)2:
@/%*$2)&6 /% (3& 0%/0&%(,&1 /@ 1/$'4; B/ 7& #/*& +)#C (/ (3& #&'(%)2 0%/+2&* /@ (3& &11&'#&
/@ *$1,#? ')($%)2 /% #$2($%)2D 89: E3& 1&%,/$1 *)((&% 3&%& ,1 (3)( */1( #/*0/1&%1 4/ '/(
&=&' 1&&* (/ +& )7)%& /@ (3& 0%/+2&* )'4 47&22 ,' )*+,-$,(.; F&( (3&. 4/ '/( 3&1,()(&6 73&'
,( 1$,(1 (3&*6 (/ -/ 7,(3/$( 7)%','- @%/* /'& 1,4& (/ (3& /(3&%( 456782
9, :+.-&, :;#)*#
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
38/212
"#
!"#$%$&'(#) &'+ ,-'%- !"#$%(#) .$!$/&/$0'# ,&1- .0'2 3--'"#$ $' /,- 4$-.+ 04 !"#$%&.%&'()*+
/,- .$!$/&/$0'# 04 ."/,-5$-) &'+ 04 1$5/"0#$/67 86 2-//$'2 5$+ 04 05 2-//$'2 50"'+ /,-#-
.$!$/&/$0'#) 95-#-'/:+&6 /-%,'$;"-# ,&1- "'!(B6; () 526(7 C9*(>$ D0E0 76>'9)3 (5
(3 5(%6 59 C6&7) &CC 9B67 &*&() 29: /0 ,-&5 =,&/ =- !&2)(>&C ())9B&5(9)4 76*=C&56; ?G 526 C&: 98>&&C >76&5(9) &); 76*=C&56
%&'()*0
@?!0'2 #0 !&'6 10."!-# +-+$%&/-+ /0 $'#/5"!-'/&. 05 %0!90#$/$0'&. /-%,'$;"-#) %&'
=- 4$'+ -1-' & 4-= &5/$%.-# 0' /,- &5/ 04 ,-&5$'2 &'+ /,- &'&.6#$# 04 =,&/ $# ,-&5+@, "HI$0
/$ J26 &>5(B(5G :2(>2 >9)3(353 () =3()* )95(9)3 &); 3(*)3 59 !& >&) ?6 >&CC6;+
A50#- %0!90#$/$0'K 526 &>5(B(5G :2(>2 >9)3(353 () &)&CG3()* :2&5 (3 ,-&5+ >&) ?6 >&CC6;+
B5&'#.&/$0'"366 !"$0
&$ L(3 ;63(76 )95 59 36B67 526 C()'3 ?65:66) @%&'()*, &); @26&7()*, C6&;3 D0E0 59 *(B6 39%6
3A&>6 () 526 J0M010 59 &) &)&CG3(3 98 526 @()357=%6)5&C 8&>5,4 &); 6B6) & ;63>7(A5(9) 98 39%6
35=;(9 56>2)(N=630 L6 &C39 6%A2&3(O63 29:4 () 526 &>5 98 26&7()* (536C84 526 6&74 () 97;67 59
&AA76>(&56 526 39=);4 (3 3A9)5&)69=3CG 36)3(5(B6 59 526 %&))67 () :2(>2 $/ ,-&5# $/ /0 3- !&+-
P )95 39 %=>2 () 526 36)36 98 (;6)5(8G()* (53 39=7>6 &3 () (;6)5(8G()* 526 6)67*65(> A79>633
:2(>2 *(B63 7(36 59 526 39=); 9?Q6>50 J2(3 (3 :2G 26 >76&563 526 )95(9) 98 4&%/"5- "& :97;;67(B6; 879% 59 @%&'6,4 59 @;9,$ 59 ;63>7(?6 526 :&G 526 6&7 A67>6(B63 ;(88676)5 5GA63 98
3=35&()%6)5 98 39=); "366 #$$K (5 (3 &C39 :2G4 :26) 26 (3 >C&33(8G()* 526 5GA63 98 &.."5-4 26 (3
)95 &87&(; 59 76867 59 526 :&G 526 2=%&) 6&7 ;(35()*=(3263 ;(88676)5 5GA63 98 #0"'+ &2-'/#4
:2(>2 (5 76>9*)(O63 ?G 526 @&CC=76, 98 526 39=); "366 %&$0
?$>&&=364 526 &*6)5 98 526 39=);$ P &); 39 9) 526 3(;6
768677()* 59 1&'()*K :2(C6 36>597 RR @D67>6(B()*, (3 %976 9) 526 76>6A5(B64 L6&7()* 3(;60
>$ E'- /0 2-/ 5-&+6) /=0 /0 9.&60
J26 6336)5(&C ;(>2959%G ?65:66) 1&'()* &); L6&7()* (3 C()'6; 897 D0E 59 526 %6%97G
98 2(3 8&52674 & B(9C()U56&>2670 L6 2&; & 7=C6 52&5 26 *&B6 59 &CC 2(3 35=;6)53+ E'-59 *65 76&;G
"AC&>()* 526 ?9:4 A93(5(9)()* 526 8()*673$K B=04 59 AC&G0 F); 26 :9=C; 6B6) 76A7(%&); & A=A(C
897 &) &>>=7&56 )9564 (8 (5 :676 AC&G6; ?G >2&)>6 &); :&3 )95 ()56)5(9)&CK :2676&3 26 %(*25
>9%AC(%6)5 2(% 897 & *99; A93(5(9)4 6B6) (8 (5 ;(;)V5 G65 *(B6 &) &>>=7&56 )9560 E94 526 &=5297
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
39/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
40/212
"#
"# $%&' ()* +,%-(. ()* !"#$%&'("$)* ,(-!""!"-# &+ /00 '1-,2 3,-40/5 (),- 3,/0*2(,2 &+
/6-(%/2( /73 2&72%*(* ,7 ()* '1-,2/0 4)*7&'*7&78 ()* ,7-(%1'*7( /00&9- 1- (& )*/% /6-(%/2(
-(%12(1%*- &+ :/01*- ;3,%*2(*3 (&9/%3- ()* )*/%,7< &+ '()"!"-# ()%&1',2*# 23
$%)=!$!2")* '!. $/(2%>H )"= ("$%$!"- $/(!% %()*!K)$!2" $2 L"28" '!.)* !"#$%&'("$#H E
8)"$(= $2 -)$/(% .2".%($( #2&"= ')$(%!)*H 8/(%(0(% !$ .)'( 3%2'H )"= (M$%).$ 3%2' !$ $/(
#2"2%2 '!.)* 0)*&(# 8/!./ !$ 12$("$!)**> .2"$)!"(=A ;MV#=
N&'* 2&'4&-*%- ;W&10*X. N(&2J)/1-*7. K&1--*1%. *(2=# )/:* 2%,(,2,X*3 2&72%*(*
4%&2*31%*- +&% ()*,% @*'4,%,2,-'A /73 @/7/%2)5A= W1( +&% K=N= ()* .2".%($(9/- 7*:*% /7 *73
,7 ,(-*0+8
@N2% H *2"- .2"0!".(= $/)$ $/(#( $82 )#1(.$#Y2&72%*(* /73 /6-(%/2(Z )%( $/( !#2$21(#
23 %()*!$>H $/( ./2!.( 23 2"( 23 $/(#( )=I(.$!0(# 8)# 2"*> !"$("=(= $2 #!-")* ) "(8 )11%2)./ $2
'!.H )"= !$ '$ )*#2 ,( )='!$$(=H ) =(#!%( $2 ./)**("-( $/( ,!)# $28)%=# ),#$%).$!2" 8/!./
/)= $)L(" 20(% .2"$('12%)%> '!.A ;M[#=
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
41/212
"#
"# $%&' %# ()' #*+$( ,%-,+'(' .%+/$ 01&%-2$( ()'& ()' !"#$%&'() $&+, +' %#) -)+.3
45657893 ,%&:%$'; .*() '1+$ ,%*-,*;'; .*() 1 +'M',(*%- %# ()' 'E:+'$$*%- AJB$*HB' ,%-,+K('D 1$
(%% 1&C*2B%B$3 1-; )*$ :+'#'+'-,' #%+ ()' ('+& A'E:'+*&'-(1@ &B$*,DF =*$ :+%M',( .1$ *-;'';
(% A$+,-+) #+-(/0. ,)-)0,/% 10-)2 &' 3%) /&'/,)3)D3 CB( %-@> A(' &,2), 3& ,)/.0(# 3%)
('2(-$)'-01.) #+-(/0. 01-3,0/3D 0N6?F
OPGQROSQTSUVSRWQWX 456473 NY3 6Z76L3 8878Z3 857Z43 ZZ3 44[3 44Z3 889684:3
4663 486 0P"\"VQWS?3 4883 [9L3 [9Y3 58;658 +':+'$'-($ ()*$ -'. ;B1@*$&3 ()*$
(.%7#%@; ,%-,'+- #%+ (+1;*(*%- 1-; +'$'1+,)F
Q)' (+1;*(*%-1@ ,%-,':($ %# -%('3 ,1@*C+1(*%-3 (*&C+'3 :*(,)3 '(,F 1+'3 ()'+'#%+'3 +'7'E1&*-'; #+%& (%: (% (%'F
% #'( )*+,-./0)*+,-,.1/2
Q)' :1*+ &B$*,1@T&B$*,*1-@> 0.)'+' ()' 1;M',(*_' &B$*,1@ 1$$B&'$ 1-%()'+ &'1-*-2
()1- *- ()' :1*+ &B$*,1@T$%-%+%B$? ;'$,+*C'$ (.% $*&B@(1-'%B$@> %::%$'; 1-; ,%&:@'&'-(1+>
(>:'$ %# @*$('-*-2 *-('-(*%-$ 0B-;'+ )'1+*-2? %+ (.% .1>$ %# *-_'-(*-2 $%B-; 0B-;'+ &1/*-2?F
I'-'+1@@> $:'1/*-2 #+-(/0.@*$('-*-2 %+ *-_'-(*%- +'#'+$ C1,/ (% (+1;*(*%-1@ )'+*(12'3 (%
'$(1C@*$)'; 1-; 1,,':('; $(+B,(B+'$ 1-; _1@B'$3 .)*,) *( 1(('&:($ (% +';*$,%_'+ %+ +',+'1('`
.)*@$( #+-(/(0'.")'1+*-2 %+ *-_'-(*%- $''/$ +1()'+ (% @%,1(' *-('+'$(*-2 -'. :)'-%&'-1 %+ (%
*--%_1(' *- ()' #1,(B+' %# $%B-; %CM',($F Q)' &B$*,1@ 1((*(B;' +'$($ %- %@; _1@B'$` ()'
&B$*,*1-@> 1((*(B;' 1,(*_'@> $''/$ -'. %-'$F
P> 2%*-2 C1,/.1+;$ 1-; #%+.1+;$3 C> $B,,'$$*_' 1::+%E*&1(*%-$ C'(.''- ()'$' (.%
1::+%1,)'$3 *( &*2)( C' :%$$*C@' (% ;*$,%_'+ 1-; '$(1C@*$) _1@B'$ #%+ 1 -'. &B$*,F
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
42/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
43/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
44/212
"#
!!"#$%$&'()"# %&'(& !)*+*,-" '. '/ .&0. 1')*(.'2/3 0/1 '. '- 1)0%/ .2%0)1- .&* 45.5)*# .&* 0(.'6*#
%&*/ '. '- /*0) .&* %2)1 !-2/2)25-" 7%&'(& '- +0--'6* (28+0)*1 .2 !"#$%&( '/ .&* +0')
85-'(0,9-2/2)25-:; ;?; 5-*- &'- +0')- 24 2++2-'.*-# /2. 0- )'@'1,A
0/.0@2/'-.'(# B5. 0- 0 -2). 24 !80@/*.'( 4'*,1" ()*0.'/@ 42)(*- 0/1 -5B.,* +2,0)'.'*-;
CD?EFGH9CD?EFEGIHJ3 KLM# KLK# KLN# NOK# **+,*-.# */*# PLLQPLR# PSR#
7>TUVTWCD:# POM# PXK# YPN;
" #$% &'()*
K: E. '- 1'44'(5,. .2 1*/A .&0. '/ 0 ,0)@* /58B*) 24 .)01'.'2/0, 85-'(- 7'/(,51'/@ Z*-.*)/
85-'(: 0$1%2 '- .&* +)'6',*@*1 -25/1 (&0)0(.*)'-.'(# .&* 82-. 0345'&'1 %'.& 8*0/'/@# '/ .&*
-08* %0A 0- )&A.&8'( +5,-0.'2/# B5. 0,-2 .&* B*-. 0B,* .2 45/(.'2/ 0- 0 7&("40/1 @'6* )'-* .2
)'( (28+,*=# %*,,Q+*)(*'6*1 )*,0.'2/-&'+-; $1 $# 7a: %(4&3 12&1
$'#13"!4'1&( 4?043$!4'1&1$9' 2 ;44' &(!9#1 4'1$34() %9'%43'4:
!"#$%&( 0914'1$&( !"%2 +,,- 124 $'#13"!4'1&( &%1> &(( 124#4 12$'5# 2&74 0$1%2 124$3
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
45/212
"#
!"#! #$%&' ()*+,-. ,- /,-01 234)5)+1 62*6 7,682 9$%& ()* %+,%#& -)./(%*"- ,/*$ &) .01$
%22)3%(1" %(- -"&/2" 4)2 "51+0&/6/*#! #$%&' :;+,8*- /*/7?)1 7?*8)= /3+) )/72*=,=
3- 2$#*$.&' @62)+=
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
46/212
""
!"#$%&'()*&+ -"!.$("(/" '0 %*" 1*$!$/%"!&)%&/ 2&.3!" 4 5$!&$%&'( '0 %*" 5$#6" -&%/* 78$9
-15:; )"" !"# !%# !&$#6"A &(@"+"(@"(%#B O*, ("# +.(4 *, ("# *5;#'(- (".( %&*84'# )(P< 7STU" %' /'."
3$/V %' %*" '#@ X6")%&'(Y O. -'.1#- +.(4&.1 *& .&(),)').1> ? ("#0 ("# %&*84'( *, ")-(*&)'.1
4-.6#2 1)+7#8 (* (&.8)()*+ @54( ("#+ "*A 8* A# #9%1.)+ "*A -4'" . (&.8)()*+ .&*-#>B2 *& .
("#0 8#(#&/)+#8 50 ("# -(&4'(4 *, *5;#'(-2 ("# /##()+6 %*)+( *, ("# )+8):)84.1 %#&-*+ .+8
+.(4 %"0-)*1*60 .+8 .'*4-()'->P 7Z::&$3&%BP '0 %".+"!$."(% 9*&/*A 0'! *&.A &) ('% $ O8.8,41 '*/%&*/)-#PA $ )'!% '0 O-)+P
/'..&%%"@ 3B %*" )B)%".A 36% &%) O-.1:.()*+P 7Z:\"( 9*"( %*" 06(@$."(%$#
&) O+*B)&/$##B $3)"(%PA &;"; %*"!" &) (' +*B)&/$# >&3!$%&'( $% %*" +"!/"&>"@ +&%/*; OC(.&()+6 ,&*/
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
47/212
"#
!"#"! #$%# &'('! $!" "&'()*)$+,* -".,/"0 .,*1+*.+*23 4!"* 4" .,/')#" $4, 0,5*607 4" )#"
*,$ .,/')#+*2 $4, *5/-"#0 8$!"+# 0+/'(" #"()$+,*0!+'0 4,5(6 *,$ *"."00)#+(9 "&'()+* )*9 ()4
,: '"#."'$+,*;7 -5$ 4" )#" .,/')#+*2 $4, 0$#5.$5#"0 8,: !)#/,*+.0; 4!+.! !)1" ) 2#")$"# ,#
("00"# *5/-"# ,: 8?; @!" /,#" 0!)#"6 "("/"*$0$4, ,: $!"0" 0$#5.$5#"0 !)1"7 $!" /,#" $!"+# .,*0,*)*." 0$)*60 ,5$> 8?; @!" :"4"# $!"9 !)1"7
$!" ("00 *)$5#)( $!"+# #"()$+,*0!+'') *+,-.
/012 345#5 678579$:;5 9;9?$3917#!
=16;8 :5 :69;3! $==10897@ 31 89AA50573 =6;3605#! $;; 2$7750 1A #=$;5# $78 2185#! !"#$ B49=4
50@57=5 1A 26#9=$; =6;3605# A012 34590
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
48/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
49/212
"#
!""#$%&'( *# *+, ($,!*,$ #$ -,..,$ %,($,, #/ !"0&*1 2&*+ 2+&"+ &* &. 3$#4,' %#2' &'*#
+!$5#'&". 6.,, !"#$%& ()78
9:;:?
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
50/212
"#
" !"#"$%&' $)*$ % &'() #& *+#,+ (+) (+-)) ()./'-%0 /+%$)$ 1%((%,23 ,'&(#&4%&( %&5
5),%67 %-) ,0)%-06 /)-,)/(#80)9 *+)& (*' ': (+)$) /+%$)$3 '- );)& %00 (+-))3 %-) ,'.8#&)5 #&('
'&)3 (+#$ #$ ,%00)5 % '&+)$&$* $)*&?@A BC3 DEF3 DECGDEE3 DHI3 BDC3 JJC3 JKB3 ,-./,01
A+71+ 78 ./5,.69 673371 :.8B8 2 A+71+ 78 422 =.C
.06 842D 5,F,0/78470C 74 .8 . =./ "2 .06 4+, :25, 8
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
55/212
"#
"#$%&'( ))* )+* ,-* ,,.,+* +/* +0* 1-* !"#$!"%* '!($')!* ')'$'#)* -/2* -0)* -0+*
-01* -21* --,* -,+* -,3* -+0* -+2* 40+* )00* )0,* ,/1 56%( 78 9::7;7 ;>?@
;7@A?> 7B 8 DB>: 78 ;=> "EFE$E C
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
56/212
"#
!"#$# &$# '&() *+&,-#.+$/#(0-1 2+ !"# /(-!$3'#(! 4"/5" /(-!$3'#(!&, &(&,)-/-6 &$'#0 4/!" /!-
!"$## 5$/!#$/&6 -"23,0 &,,24 3- !2 3('&-7 '2$# #&-/,)8
9: !"# %&' (')#* '+ %"# ,-*%./0#-%1 23*%.24% 2-5 4'-4.#%#6;,, !$&0/!/2(&, '3-/5- -!&$! 4/!" !"# /(-!$3'#(!8 ,# !2 "#&$ 23*%.24%-!$35!3$#- ?0/$#5!#0 !24&$0- & 0#2-,-7:6 -!&$!/(@ +$2'
!"# $&(@# 2+ 4'-4.#%#-23(0- ?0/$#5!#0 !24&$0- "#&$/(@ ,-5,4#*: 4"/5" /! #(&>,#- !2 ># =,&)#08
A"# /'=$2B#'#(! 2+ /(-!$3'#(!- >) /(-!$3'#(! '&7#$- ?!"# =/&(26 +2$ #C&'=,#: &/'#06
@#(#$&,,) -=#&7/(@6 &! #-!&>,/-"/(@ & >&,&(5# >#!4##( !"#/$ 23*%.24%5&=&>/,/!/#- ?!"# 5&=&5/!)
!2 #(&>,# !"# "#&$/(@ 2+ $#@/-!#$- 2+ '3-/5&, B&,3#-: &(0 !"#/$ 4'-4.#%# =,&)/(@ =2!#(!/&,
?B/$!32-/!)6 52,23$6 B&$/#!) 2+ !/'>$#-:8
A"# *!"# /(-!$3'#(!&, +&5!16 4"/5" /- &! !"# 2$/@/( 2+ &,, '3-/5 &- & *=$#52(0/!/2(1
?5"&=8DE %"# ,-*%./0#-%2) (.#4'-5,%,'-6 FD.GH: $#-=#5!- !"/- 52'=,#'#(!&$) 03&,/!)6 /(
!$&0/!/2(&, '3-/5-6 >) #-!&>,/-"/(@ !"# !42 *52$$#,&!/B# &-=#5!-1 2+ !"# *'3-/5&,
="#(2'#(2(1E *8 %#-5#-49 %' 23*%.24%,'-1 ,- *' +2. 2* ()29,-7 .#)#2*#* *%./4%/.#*: %"#
25"#.#-4# %' %"# 4'-4.#%#1 ,- *' +2. 2* ,% .#02,-* ),0,%#5 %' %"# ('%#-%,2) '+ %"#
,-*%./0#-%81?FI:
A"#-# !42 +&5#-6 52(5$#!# &(0 &>-!$&5!6 2+ !"# /(-!$3'#(! "&B# !"#/$ /'=2$!&(5# &(0
*#24",-*%./0#-%1 #;#- 2-5 23';# 2)) %"# &,&(5# 2+ !"#
&>-!$&5! &(0 !"# 52(5$#!# ?&(0 &,-2 2+ =#$'&(#(5# &(0 B&$/&!/2(:8 K+ !"/- #U3/,/>$/3' /-
,&57/(@6 !"#$# /- & $/-7 2+ 52(+3-/2(8
F: A"# ,-*%./0#-%2)+24% /-6 !"#$#+2$#6 !"# +/$-! +&5! 2+ &,, !$&0/!/2(&, '3-/56 /!- 52(5$#!#
>&-/-6 & =$#52(0/!/2( #B#( !2 '3-/5&, -)-!#'- &(0 ,&(@3&@#-8 A"#-# -)-!#'- &(0 ,&(@3&@#-
!"#'-#,B#- &$# 5,2-#,) ,/(7#0 !2 !"# !)=#- 2+ /(-!$3'#(!- 4"/5" &,,24 !"#' !2 ># #C=$#--#08
V2 !"# (#4 '3-/5- >$/(@ !"/- >&-/5 +&5! /(!2 U3#-!/2(W V2#- 4"&! /- $#=,&5/(@ /! ?!"# -!30/26
-)(!"#-/-#0 -23(0: =$2'/-# #(23@" !2 X3-!/+) &>&(02(/(@ /!W A"/- /- !"# U3#-!/2( 4"/5" /-
&-7#0 /( !"# !.2,%?8 A"# &(-4#$ 4"/5" /! @/B#- -3@@#-!- & 3.'25#-,-7 '+ %"# -'%,'- '+ %"#
,-*%./0#-%6 4"/5" 423,0 ># $#!&/(#0 &(0 $#0#+/(#0 4/!"/( !"# +$&'#42$7 2+ !"# =$2@$&''#
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
57/212
""
!" $%&'()* +,&,)+(-. ) $%&'( /-'(- /!%*0 )+1'(%*)1, !"#$%&'( !23,(1& !" 1-, &)$, )(*+(4
*!()1,0 )50 ()*'2+)1,0 )((!+0'56 1! ,(+-(,$"%' /#('0!4 27 -%'#&+%$#1*!!" -+#$(+#%4 1-'& $%&'(
/!%*0 +,0'&(!8,+4 27 5,/ /)7& )50 ()%&)*'1',&4 1-, 2)&'( *)/& !" 1-, '5&1+%$,514 &1)1,0 )& 1-,
*)/& !" )** $%&'(. 9,+$)5,5(, !" (-)+)(1,+'&1'(&4 8)+')1'!5 !" 8)*%,&:
23( #*!$+"4(*$ /1"*05 '1!$ %*0 /1"*0 %)%#*
); 6+14 $3( #4,'(4(*$ $1 $3( #*!$+"4(*$7
$3( !#)*%'
$3%$ +(/(++(0 $1 $3( #4,'(4(*$ &(-14(! % ,'(1*%!45 -%*-(''#*) #$!('/ 1"$ &: +(,($#$#1*7 (+$3('(!! #4,1!( $3(#+ ,+(!(*-( %*0 %+( (*1")3 $1
-3%*)( $3( -11@ #*$1 %* (B,(+#4(*$%' 4"!#-#%*:? @AB;
D-,+,"!+, >#*!$+"4(*$%' %-$#>#$:5 $3( >#!#&'( %*0 /#+!$ -%"!( 1/ (>(+: 4"!#-%'
,3(*14(*1*5 3%! $3( 0#!$#*-$#>( ;"%'#$: $3%$ /#+!$ %*0 /1+(41!$ #$ $(*0! $1 -%*-(' #$!('/ 1"$ %!
4%$(+#%' -%"!(?: @AB;
D-'& '& 1-, #*!$+"4(*$%' ,%+%01B "+!$ /-'(- $%&'( '& 2!+54 27 8'+1%, !" 1-, *)/
,(+4%*(*-(C>%+#%$#1*:
2; D%''#*) $3( #*!$+"4(*$ #*$1 ;"(!$#1*7
D-, 0'&+,6)+0 !" 1-, -1*-+($( )&9,(1 !" 1-, '5&1+%$,51 ,E9*)'5& /-7 (!51,$9!+)+7
$%&'(')5& -)8, (+'1'('F,0 1-, >%''()(0 #4,+(-#!#1* 1/ #*!$+"4(*$%' ,'%:#*)? (!$9)+,0 1! /-)1
1-,7 /)51 '5&1+%$,51& 1! 9*)7 "+!$ ) 9+,(!5(,'8,0 &(!+,:
E !-1+( '#@(
$3#! @J ; #! !$+#,,(0 1/ #$! #*!$+"4(*$%' !$+"-$"+(!5 $3( )"%+0#%*! 1/ ,(+4%*(*-( 1/
-3%+%-$(+#!$#-! %*0 ,(+-(,$#1* 1/ >%'"(!:? @AKB;: D-'& (+'1'('&$ '& )'$,0 )1 &,+')*4 &1!(-)&1'(
/!+=&4 F'%*)/%+&(*4('10#($%&'( ,1(:
G L,(!50*74 $3( #*$+"!#1* 1/ /%'!( #*!$+"4(*$! '5 1-, $!0,+5 !+(-,&1+)4 !""# )$!56
1-,$ $!&1 9,+(%&&'!5 '5&1+%$,51&: L! 1-, 6!56 '5 ) $!0,+5 &(!+, 0'&+%91& 1-, &7&1,$M '1 '& 5!1
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
58/212
"#
!"#$%&'#$( !"#* #+$ *&,+$-#&' !" *&($& #* -$&.$ #+$ /0-!,'1 (!-,*0&-$2 !# -#'"(- *0# 3&*/ #+$ &$-#
'- '" !-*1'#$( 4*56$,#7-#&0,#0&$82 ' 4!"#$%&'( !"*+, "-./0%89 :;;1'--!,'1 !"-#&0/$"#- #+$/-$1.$- '&$ ?&$--$( !"#* ' 0-$ @+!,+ (!.$- #+$/ 3&*/ #+$!&
0-0'1 30",#!*" 7 .!*1!"- '&$ -#&0,A2 310#$ A$B- ,1'##$&$( $#,9 -* #+'# !"-#&0/$"#- '&$ 0-$( '- '!"*+, -",( 7 %**( 3*& '"B#+!"%9 C- #+$ ?$&/'"$",$ *3 #+$ !"-#&0/$"#'1 #!/5&$ !- "* 1*"%$&
%0'&'"#$$(2 -* #+$ 1'@ *31/'2&+/+0/34&'$&%$"+!- 5&$',+$(9
7 D+!&(1B2 2*!$5*/! 0"+0'6%/! &+, /#/0%'"+$0 2*!$0!2 @+!,+ '??$'& #* &$?&$-$"#
?&*%&$-- 5$B*"( #+$ '!-'" -#'%$ *3 #+$ $+!%'*2/+%7 3*& @+!,+ #+$B -05-#!#0#$ 2&08$+/!
&$"*@"$( 3*& #+$!& $33$,#!.$"$--2 #+$!& ?&$,!-!*" '"( #+$!& ?*1B.'1$",$9
D+$ 9'&$%: $"%'%$- !" ' #+*&*0%+7%*!"% ,&!#!E0$ *3 4%8/ /#/0%'"+$0 $+!%'*2/+%8 '"(
4%8/ 0"+0'/%/ $+!%'*2/+%8 :#+!- (!-#!",#!*"2 1$# 0- &$/$/5$&2 &$3$&- 5',A #* ' ?&$,!-$ ?$&!*( *3
+!-#*&B @+$" #+$-$ #@* &!.'1 -,+**1- !" #+$ 0-$ *3 /'%"$#!, #'?$ ,*01( 60-# '5*0# 5$
(!-#!"%0!-+$(=9 :F;7FF=
D+$ 4#@* -B-#$/-8 '&$ #'A$" #* #'-A 3*& #+$ !"!#!'1 /!-#'A$ *3 40"+;*!$+0/!! "; &-!%'&0% :J= =8$08 %8/ /&' 1/'0/$4/! &! %8/!&2/ !8"'%0"2$+1/'$2/+%/'7 8/'/ & 0"21"!/'7 />1#"'/! # %8/ #$2$%! "; 1"!!$-#/ />1'/!!$"+ ";
%8/!/ "-./0%!7 -&!/, "+ # %8/ 1"!!$-#/ =&(! %8/ $+!%'*2/+% 0&+ -/ 1#&(/,8 :;UU=9 V0# 5$
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
59/212
"#
!"#$%&'( *!"#$%&'$()*)&+( -&.$ )/&0 &( *( &(0)%1'$()*- 2&$-3 &0 )/$ '*&( #&)2*-- &( %$0$*%4/ 5
6) )/$ 7$8&((&(8 +2 * #&$4$ +2 %$0$*%4/ 9$ *%$ )++ )$'#)$3 )+ )1%( )+9*%30 &(0)%1'$()
'*.&(8+, -.//0 #"12$# 12"3 4&5'6537 " 8&95! 12$:#; :% 01&)*7-$ +7:$4)0-12$9$ 6$?5!$9 4$537 "!15?"1$6 4; @$#%:#8$#9 !"#$%&' 1: 4#537 :&1 " @$#9:3"' 2*4)1%$%#:8
12$ +7:$4)0
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
60/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
61/212
"#
"#$%&'(%)*+, (-.'/ *0%1&2 .01-,3 0%,$ -. *1 4"56789" .1-)3 1:;%/*. :2
84"?8Z7[ +)3 5=7\6=\7" +&% 1B*%) -.%3 ')*%&/0+)C%+:,2I 8)
*0% =7R8=SA *0%2 +&% 3%B')%3 +. B1,,1D.]K?& (0$'' !(& .0& . @ABCDACBE *" .0& (&"(& +4 $" +#3$"*1&, &".*./F *"(.&$, +4
GHBIF 70*-0 *( .0& ($9& $( =E@AJKAL J", *" 4$-. 7& (0$'' "&&, .+ !(& .0& '$.. 7+#, *" $
%/ 6#&-*(& (&"(&M .0& .&96+#$' 4+#9 +4 .0& +25&-.F $( +66+(&, .+ *.( 9$..L G^_WH G.%%
+,&-.-/00$&A !"HI
51A B1& *0% -.+C% 1B *0% D1&3 5=7\6=\7"A D% .0+,, &%B%& *1 *0% 3%B')'*'1) 1B
>Z7[5 C'P%) ') Y+,+)3%`. $0',1.1$0'/+, P1/+:-,+&2 K3#+!6(F -+"(.*.!.*"3 $!.+"+9+!( !"*.(
70*-0 0$%& *"."$' (+'*,$#*./ $", .0&*# +7" '$7(N G^_WHI
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
62/212
"#
!" !"#$"%&"' )*' +"#$"+,-). /,#-$,-#"/$
%&'( )* +,)& -./0 +,' -12( 345%64%57 ,.& +-1 8'.*)*9&: )+ ('&!2);'& ;1+, +,'
#7-+ $)* @" )*A;9BCB9D= )/ 2".. )/ %,/ ;455
/)N" $7*$"+,= )*'= $7*/"O-"*,.P= ,1" /)N" 27#'= 2%.. @" )++.%"' ,7 @7,1$A BCDE"
F' .2' +,>& G'( +1 +,)*H +,.+ +,'2' .2' 9'*'2.G I7567I4%JK 345%64%573 -,)!,
('+'28)*' 1>2 I7567I4LMN 1? G.2 345%64%573$
@Q"*"#). #-."/ 7L +"#$"+,%7*= )++.%$)@." ,7 N-/%$ )/ 2".. )/ .)*>-)>" HIJ )#" @)/"'
*7, 7* ) N%#)$-.7-/ )LL%*%,P @",2""* ,1%*>/= @-, )++)#"*,.P 7* ) /)N" N"*,). )$,%&%,P %*
#".),%7* ,7 ,1"N$A BCDO"
J*( )? -' -)&, +1 !2'.+' *'- 345%64%573 MP MQR7643 )* 1>2 S>'&+ ?12 . *'-
8>&)!0 -' 8>&+ 8.H' &>2' +,.+ +,'/ !122'&2 !+>2'&$
@= 21"#"
!
4,)& )*='&+)9.+)1* G'.(& +1 +,' &+>(/ 1?0 ?12 'U.8&)!
.*( G.*9>.9'0 -,)!, !1>G( ;' 2'G.+'( +1 +,' &.8' H)*( 1? @!+>2'&A B&'' !".*(
4$M$V$0 !,.&)='G/ ')+,'2 1*'0 12 +,' 1+,'2$ 4,' ?)2&+ H)*( 1? 8>&)! 8.('
1? !18;)*.+)1*& #$%&1? ()&!2'+' 1;['!+&0 )& G/ N-/%$).$ 4,' 1+,'20 8.('
?218 !1*+)*>1>& &+2>!+>2'&0 !.* ;'++'2 ;' ('&!2);'( .& @+.)/,%$A$
MQR764^345%64%57: ZZ0 VWXYVZ[0 ZDZ0 ZDEYZDT0 Z]_0 _ZE0 _]`0 _]E0 _]]0 _OE0
ED]$
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
63/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
64/212
"#
"!" $%& '$%&( %)"*+ ,& -%).. "'$ /0(-0& )"1 '2&().. -$0*1 3"$' *&-4(3/$3'"- '5 $%&
-'0"*!"#$'67&4$# $%&'() *+,-, .-, /0 1.23 344 5.06 41 3+,57 .08 3+,6 8,9,08 344 5:2+ 40 .;;
3+, 94
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
65/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
66/212
"#
! #$% &'()'&*+,- ./'-0
"# $%& '%&()( *+ '%& !"#$%"& ()%*)(#$"& +,)&- .+ #/) )"%, )- .%)/% (*0-1 *23&/'(, '%&)4
/4)'&4)5 5-1 4&65')*-(%)7( &8&49& 5-1 54& 6*/5'&1 )- 5//*415-/& .)'% !"#$%"&65.(, )( *-& *+'%& 85)- '%&(&( *+ '%& $:;: )-'&4C56( 5-1 (/56& +*485')*- @'%)( )( '%& +)&61 *+
'451)')*-56 80()/#H *4 &6(& 5//*41)-9 '* .%&'%&4 .& %5C& (*0-1( *+ 7"%,"2&)85(( *4 !.!4
&.*"#"2&) @B/*876&ID# (,#*/, 5-1 '%& (*G/566&1 5*.&.$%)-6 (,#*/4+,)&-, 9)C)-9 4)(& '* 8*4&
%5J>, )874&(()*-)(')/ 7&4/&7')*-( .%)/% 6&-1 '%&8(&6C&( 80/% 6&(( '* 52('45/')*-? '%& (*0-1(
*+ /*-'&87*454> *4 &I7&4)8&-'56 80()/ @7&4/0(()*-(, /60('&4(, &++&/'( *+ 85(( 5-1 96)((5-1)
&'/:# 54& *+'&- ()'05'&1 )- '%)( B/*6*04&1D 7)'/%G+)&61: K5'04566>, )- 85-> /5(&( .& %5C& 5
0,3)-7&4/&7')*- *+ '%& (58& (*0-1 7%&-*8&-*- )- '%& '.* +)&61( 5' *-& 5-1 '%& (58& ')8&:
L# MC&4> (*0-1 *23&/', '%&4&+*4&, *//07)&( &5/% *+ '%&(& '%4&& 54&5( '* (*8& &I'&-' 5-1
'%& &C5605')*- )- 1,#)5-1 *"&,2%)*+ &5/% *+ '%& /4)'&4)5 .%)/% /%545/'&4)J& )' /5- 2& /544)&1*0' .)'% 8*4& *4 6&(( 74&/)()*- )- 4&65')*- '* &5/% *+ '%&(& 1)8&-()*-(H )- *'%&4 .*41(
1&7&-1)-9 *- )'((.1,#,.! ,! #/) +,)&-@()' 5-1 1&7&-1)-9 *- )'( 2$&8 ,! #/) +,)&- @/56)24: N*4
&I5876&, 5 /&4'5)- (*0-1 *+ /*876&I 85(( /*061 2& 1&+)-&1 )- '%& B/*6*04&1D 54&5 *+ 7)'/%&(
5( %5C)-9 5 B%)9%D 7*()')*- 5-1 5 B'%)/OD 206O, )+ )'( 85(( )( ()'05'&1 )- '%& %)9% 4&9)('&4 5-1 )'
)( 7&4/&)C&1 5( '%)/O:
$%)( -5'0456 '4)76& 7&4/&7'056 80()/56 +)&61 (%*061 9)C& 4)(& '* 80()/56 7"&$)1H )' )( )-
'%)( +)&61 '%5' /4)'&4)5 /*061 2& *495-)(&1 )-'* /56)245')*-( @*+ 945)-, 5''5/O, 56604&P# 5-1 (*0-1
*23&/'( 5((&826&1 )-'* ()9-)+)/5-' ('40/'04&(:
Q# $%)( -*')*- *+ 7&4/&7'056 +)&61, %*.&C&4 ()876& )' 85> 577&54, -&/&(()'5'&( 5
%"-,*"& ,!7)%1,.! .+ *&"11,*"& #/).%9? )' )( -*' 25(&1 *- 74*7&4')&( *4 75458&'&4( *+ (*0-1
*23&/'( -5)C&6> '%*09%' *+ 5( B*0'()1& /*-(/)*0(-&((D, 5( )- '%& 853*4)'> *+ (>('&8( *+
/*87*()')*-, 20' *- '%& )-%&4&-' +5/06')&( *+ %085- 7&4/&7')*-:
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
67/212
"#
!"#$%&'()*&+) -"%.""( /'0-&($%&'() '1 '-2"/%) $(3 %*" +!'+"!%&") '1 $ +"!/"+%4$# 04)&/$#
1&"#35 &(*"!"(% %' 0$(5 $++"$! %' -" %*" "))"(%&$# +!'-#"0 '1 04)&/! #$$%&'
()*+ *+ ,)- ./012-3 4)*5) )- 6,,-3.,+ ,0 6,,657 )-68 09 4*,) )*+ ,)-0/: 0; ,)- ()/--
*-28+? ,)- 16+*+ 09 4)*5) )- 6,,-3.,+ ,0 -@62=6,- -65) 0; ,)- A 30/.)020B*5625/*,-/*6 #B/6*9? 622=/-? 36++? )6/309*5 ,*31/-? 8:963*5? 3-208*5 ./0;*2-? 36++ ./0;*2-&'
()*+ 503.6/*+09 0; 5/*,-/*6 *9 ,)- .-/5-.,=62 ;*-28 *+ 5622-8 CDCEFGHG 698 *,
509+,*,=,-+ ,)- ;0=/,) +,6B- 0; ,)- /03 ,)- -@*8-95- ./0@*8-8 1: 6962:+*+? 4- 50=28 )0.-? 6, ,)- ;*962 +,6B- 0;
GFD(PQGHG? ,0 /-5/-6,- 9-4 3=+*562 01R-5,+ #$%&4)*5) 50=28 -3-/B- *9 ,)-+- .-/5-.,=62
;*-28+ 6550/8*9B ,0 ,)- 264
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
68/212
""
!"#$%& $(#& )*#$%*#+" ,"- $(% .%*)%.$!,/ 0#%/-1 2(#)( ,*% $2+ 0,)%$& +0 +"% 3+-% +0 .%*)%.$#+"4
5 )*#$%*#+" )," +"/6 7% #-%"$#0#%- ,"- -%&)*#7%- 76 #$& ./,)% #" $% ,"- ),/#7*%1 0#8%- +*
9,*#,7/% #" -!*,$#+"1 #" $(% 0#%/-& 2(%*% #$ :%3%*;%&%)$& 2(#)( 3%,&!*% ,"- 3,*? #$ +!$ @ABAC4
D,)( +0 $(% E 3+*.(+/+;#),/ )*#$%*#, #& -+3#","$ #" +"% +* $2+ +0 $(% $(*%% 0#%/-&1
F G5HH ,"- I5JGKLMN OMGPJD 7%/+"; $+ .%*)%.$#+"& #" $(% 0#%/- +0 .#$)(%&
2(#)( 3,6 7% :(,*3+"#)< +* :)+/+!*%-< @&%% 7%/+2C=
F $(% QRL5GMN NJMODJMKL #& #"#$#,//6 .%*)%#9%- #" $(% 0#%/- +0 #"$%"$#%& ,"-1
2(%" $(%*% #& -6",3#) -%9%/+.3%"$1 #" $(% 0#%/- +0 QSJ5OMKLH=
F TJ5ML ,"- 5UUSJD1 $(% $2+ )*#$%*#, +0 &!&$,#"3%"$1 )," 7% ,",/6&%- ,& 3+*% +*
/%&& *,.#- ,"- #"$%"&% 3#)*+F9,*#,$#+"& #" $(% $(*%% -#3%"+"& @0/!)$!,$#+"& ,"- !"%9%""%&&%&
#" .#$)(1 -!*,$#+"1 #"$%"$6C=
F $(% $2+ )*#$%*#, +0 9,*#,$#+" GDUKQMN VJKWMUD ,"- G5HH VJKWMUD ,*%
%&&%"$#,//6 )+"$#"!+!& 9,*#,$#+"& +0 G5HH @)+/+!*%- .#$)(F !"#$,"- -!*,$#+"F0#%/-&C 7!$ ,/&+
&%)+"-,*#/6 +0 QRL5GMNH= (%")%1 76 -%0#"#$#+"1 $(%6 ,*% #"9+/9%- #" $(% $(*%% 0#%/-&4
7C !"# %&'#&(%')*+%#,-.
H+3% +0 $(% 3+&$ 36&$%*#+!& .,;%& #" $(% !/0%'1 ,*% #" &!7F)(,.$%* AX1 Y @Z[\FZ[[C
2(#)( #& ," #"9%&$#;,$#+" +0 $(% -6",3#) 0#%/-1 $(% 0#%/- +0 #"$%"$#%&4
:2# (344#(' '"0' '"# /#0-#/ '"%&5( 0673' 8"0' 8# 90,, '"# -)&0:%9 +%#,- +7/ '"#
;#/9#;'%7& 7+ +7/:( 0( '"# 973&'#/;0/' 7+ '"# ;%'9"*+%#,- +7/ '"# ;#/9#;'%7& 7+ :0((#(< @Z[\C4
O(#& 0#%/- #& .*%&%"$%- ,& &$#// ,/3+&$ !"?"+2"1 $,?#"; #"$+ ,))+!"$ $(% .(%"+3%", +0 :0(5%&4
@7%$2%%" !/$,"%+!& &+!"-&C ,"- 9,*#,$#+"& +0 #"$%"$6 #" &!&$,#"%- &+!"-&1 2(%*% ,
-#&$#")$#+" 3!&$ 7% 3,-% 7%$2%%" ," +9%*,// #"$%"$6 ,"- $(% *%/,$#9% #"$%"$6 +0 ,))#-%"$&
+0 .*+0#/% %$)4
5& , :&$!-6 ;!#-%< 0+* *%&%,*)(%*& $%3.$%- 76 $(#& .*+7/%3 $(% ,!$(+* &!;;%&$& $(*%%
#-%,&]
F '"# :0(( ;/7+%,#1 -%0#"%- (%*% ,& 2(,$ #& 3,-% !. +0 :0,, '"# %&'#&(%'%#( 7+
'"# =0/%73( 97:;7&'( 7+ '"# (73&- (;#9'/3:< @Z[\C4 M$ #& "+$ $(% )*#$%*#+" +0 9,*#,$#+" 2(#)(
(,& $(% &,3% ",3%1 7!$ *,$(%* $(% *%/,$#9% .*+0#/% +0 $(% 9,*#+!& #"$%"$#%& .%*)%#9%-
!/$,"%+!&/6 #" , &+!"- 2(%*% $(% 3,&& )+9%*& , )%*$,#" &.%)$*!3 @2(%*%,& $(% )*#$%*#+" +0
G5HH VJKWMUD #" 3+*.(+/+;6 #"-#),$%& , -%9%/+.3%"$ +0 3,&& %& '%:#C=
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
69/212
"#
" !"# %#&'"! () * +*,,# $%&% '(& $)'&)*$'+ ,- . /$0&) *,1)2 $) 3&4.'$,) ', ,)& ,3 *&0&3.4
,'(&3 *,1)2*% 5($* ),'$,) ,- 6&$/(' $* 7,)*$2&3&2 ./.$) $) '(& *'12+ ,- 2+).8$7 *9&7$&* ,-
8.** :;
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
70/212
"#
" #$% $%'( )*+%, &- !"#$%#&"&'.*'/*#/&-+ 0/#$/- #$% +&1-, &)2%3#+ #$%4+%5.%+6
7*3%, 0/#$ #$%+% #0& #89%+ &: +/#1*#/&-( #$% %*' *99*'%-#58 )%$*.%+ /- .%'8 ,/::%'%-#
0*8+6
;< =$% :/'+# &: #$%+% +/#1*#/&-+ /+ 0%55 >-&0-( +/-3% /# &331'+ /- #'*,/#/&-*5 ?*)+#'*3#@41+/3+6 =$% +%3&-, /+ A%-%'*558 1-'%3&A-/+%, *+ * +9%3/:/3 9$%-&4%-&-B 0% #'8 *+ :*' *+
9&++/)5% #& '%,13% /# #& #$% :/'+# #89%( &: (%'!"#$%#&"&'3*5/)'*#/&-+6 7&' %C*495%( 0% *##%49#
#& *-*58+% A5/++*-,/ D3&-#/-1&1+ +#'13#1'%+< )8 #$% 9/#3$%+ 0$%'% #$%8 )%A/- *-, %-, " 0$%'%*+
#$% $14*- %*' $%*'+ /# ,/::%'%-#58B :&' /# #$% A5/++*-,& /+ * ?#)* ,&'%!-. "/0)!$1 (%22)3)#$ %#
)4)35 3)'6)!$ 23", $7) #",%#-. %#$)34-. *7%!7 %$ "!!&6%)' %# $7) '5,/".' "2 ,&'%! $7)"35@
DEF;
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
71/212
"#
"#$% $% '(' )#' *+,'-)./)(0-)0(' -#1$2 -34'% $25
6!" $ %&'"$() *&+&* ,- ./&),0&)$1 "/& 2(3,*$"&4 $)4 %,/&'&)"5 ,67&%" 8$3 $ 3"'9%"9'&
-93&4 ",:&"/&' 8("/ %,)"()9,93 &*&0&)"31 8/(%/ 8&'& )," .&'%&(+&4 3&.$'$"&*;< =" 8$3 ),"
("3&*- .&'%&(+&4 $3 $ 3"'9%"9'&1 69" '$"/&' $3 $) ,67&%" "$>&) -',0 $ 3"'9%"9'& /(:/&' 9. "/&%/$()? 4(3%,)"()9,93< =3 "/(3 ,67&%" 4(*$"&4 2,' -93&4 8("/ ,"/&'35 $" $ *&+&* 8/&'& ),8 (" (3
"/(3 2%,)"()9,935 3"'9%"9'& 8/(%/ .'&3&)"3 ("3&*- () "/& -'$0&8,'> ,- ),'0$* .&'%&."9$*
49'$"(,)3@ !** "/& .'&+(,93 *,8&3" *&+&*3 ,- 20$3>&41 396%,)3%(,935 .&'%&."(,) %,0& ,) ", "/&
$:&)4$A .&'%&."(,) ,- "/& /(:/&' *&+&* 4(3$..&$'31 -$4&3 $8$; -,' *$%> ,- 3"'9%"9'&? "/& ,67&%"
(3 ("3 ,8) .&'%&."9$* 3"'9%"9'&< =- (" /$..&)3 ", 6& %,0.,3&4 ,- 4(3%,)"()9,93 &*&0&)"31 "/&3&1
() "9')1 8(** :'$49$**; "$>& ,) "/& '&:(3"&' ,- 8/$" 8$3 .'&+(,93*; .&'%&(+&478 9:;;)01? @$'?B%D
41B' 02)$? )#'2D $% 1A1$2 -1??'B $2)3 L0'%)$32 +E 2'& -32%$B'(1)$32%D '2 )#$% )$4' )#' 10)#3(
B'@$2'% @30( @$'?B% %)1()$2A @(34 )#' >$)-#F@$'?B 12B )#' B0(1)$32F@$'?BD '1-# 32' B$C$B'B $2)3
)&3D '2 #' -32%$B'(% )#' )&3 -1%'% 3@ )#' -($)'($32 -34$2A 0> 1A1$2%) )#' >'(-'>)01? @$'?B $2)#' -32)'=) 3@ 1 %,)"()9,93('?1)$32%#$>D 3( 1 4(3%,)"()9,93 C1($1)$327 G2 )#' %14' &1E )#1)
)&3 @$'?B% 3@ >$)-#'% 9#1(432$- 12B -3?30('B< &'(' B$%)$2A0$%#'BD 23& 1?%3 "8, -(&*43 ,-
()"&)3("(&3 () 49'$"(,) 1(' B$@@'('2)$1)'B5
F "/& '/;"/0(% -(&*4D -3(('%>32B$2A '2)$('?E 3( 23) 1) 1?? )3 (#E)#4$- %)(0-)0('%D -('1)$2A
>'(-'>)$32% 3@ )$4' A1>% $2 B0(1)$32M $) $% 9?$H' )#' 6#1(432$-8 @$'?B @3( >$)-#'%32B$2A )3 BE214$- %)(0-)0('% '(' )#' '1( @3??3&% )#'
>(3@$?' 3@ %302B% $2 )#' BE214$- B'C'?3>4'2)D 12B )#'$( 6$4>1-)8M 1% $2 )#' 6-3?30('B8 @$'?B
3@ >$)-#'%D $) >(3C$B'% )#' +1%$% @3( 43(' 6>?1%)$-8D -32)$2030% ('?1)$32%#$>%7
6B/& -,9' '&*$"(,)3/(.3 ,) 8/(%/ .9'& 093(%3 $'& 6$3&4 $'& "/&'&-,'& $3 -,**,83?
"/& /$'0,)(% -(&*4 8("/ ",)(% ,67&%"3A
"/& %,*,9'&4 -(&*4 8("/ %,0.*&D ,67&%"3A
"/& '/;"/0(% -(&*4 8("/ "(0& :$.3 ,' 8("/ /,0,:&)&,93 3,9)43A
"/& 4;)$0(% -(&*4 8("/ "/& (0.$%" ,- -,'0&4 3,9)4378 9;JJ; JC4H7 9?59 ?L 4 >4=8; 7?5I;= 6F F?7@45;7:4> L4H=9 6F 6LL69H:;9
:C=6?8C MCHJCN F6= 0H;==; ,JC4;FF;=N O!"# %#&"'()*% +, %-*)&P H9 ;QL=;99;@K -: C49 :M6
J65L>;5;7:4=R 9:48;9S 4 9676=6?9TJ67J=;:; 9:48; 47@ 47 4I9:=4J:T5?9HJ4> 9:48;K ';
C4=;4@R 9;;7 :C4: :C; J679:47: !"#$ L=;6JJ?L4:H67 6F :C; 4?:C6= 6F :C; !K(K*K H9 :6
4=:HJ?>4:; :C; :M6 47@ L4=:HJ?>4=>R 76: :6 94J=HFHJ; ;H:C;=K %;: ?9 9;; C6M C; 86;9 4I6?:
H:K
& '() *+,-./0-123,4546-12
G3 -7 :=4@H:H674> 5?9HJN :4U;7 49 =;F;=;7J; 47@ 56@;>N O5?9HJ4>H:RP H9 :C; '.*!/'&!
49L;J: 6F :C; 5?9HJ4> M6=UN M=H::;7 47@ FHQ;@ 67 :C; 9J6=;N MC;=;49 O9676=H:RP H9 :C; &+(&/#!#
L4=: MCHJC J47
!C;=; C44=>R :6@4R \ 4: J65L4=4:H478?48;K ,?JC 9:?@H;9 4=; 8;7;=4>>R 67 :C; 4I9:=4J: >; 6F :C; :M6 @H9JHL>H7;9S
:C; 2)(478?48;N 47@ MC4: J6?>@ I; J4>>;@ %-*)&'2)!9 F6= 5?9HJX :6 :C;
@;:=H5;7: 6F :C;H= 6:C;=N J67J=;:; 9H@;S *=##&" 47@ *+(+/)!9 =;9L;J:HRK -7 6:C;= M6=@9N
G
,?JC 49 !)%./#H7 :=4@H:H674> 5?9HJK2,?JC 49=)!&"H7 :=4@H:H674> 5?9HJK
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
74/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
75/212
"#
"#$%&"'% () * +, '-.'&/%/ (0 * 1,
"#$%&"'%2-. -3 45$2'"6 7/./&"6 &/3/&/.'/ %-
8"65/$ 2.$%&54/.%"6 %24#&/$
(9:;?;@ ABCD>@A, (9;D@;9E:F,
G %HF I;@EFA JH=KH ;:F ALFK=M=F< G %HF :FMF:F?KF C;? 9HF AK>:FN OF
>? 9HF AK>:F ;?< JH=KH JF ;?< K;? =? M;K9 9;PF =9 9H;9 9HF:F =A ; QF?F:;@
@F;:? 9> H;?9=>? >M 9HF 9=CD:F >M ;? =?A9:ECF?9
J:=9=?QNG JH=KH 9HF AK>:F :FMF:A 9>N G
+ 0
) 1
7/./&"6 R5"62%2/$ '-.'&/%2$"%2-. -3 %24#&/
-3 $-.-&2%S 2. " $T/'232' T/&3-&4".'/
G 8;@EFA JH=KH F?:=KH A>?>:=9B G OH;9FIF: I;:=FA J=9H F;KH=? ; 9HF I;@EFA L=9KH ;?< ;?< LF:M>:C;?KFU L;:9=KE@;: A>?>:=9BN G
?V :FA>?;?KFAU
H;:C>?=KAU M@EK9E;9=>?AU
L:>M=@FA F9KN G
%HF CEA=K;@U FIF:B9H=?Q 9H;9 K;? DF C;@AU =A ;9 9HF 9>L >M 9H=A
:A + ;?< 0,U 9HF A>?>:>EAU 9H;9 =A 9> A;BU !"#$ &' ()*$+=A DF@>J (AFK9>:A 1 ;?< ),V
>? >?F H;?< 9HF K>CL@FCF?9;:B I;@EFA >M 9HF ?>9FAU ;?9=K=L;9F< ;?< C;?=LE@;9F< =CL@=K=9@B DB
9HF K>CL>AF: JHF? HF >:KHFA9:;9FA (AFK9>: ),U ;?< >? 9HF >9HF: H;?< =? AFK9>: 1U 9HF
X,-.$&./).$ 0)'&12) 3 $") -.(4 1&'$&.,$&5) #.1 2($&6#$)(4 $") -.(4 ,-.,0)$) )()6).$ !"&,"+
)5). &* !) )7"#2'$ $") ,-.$).$' -* &$' '468-(' #.1 &$' &69(&,&$ )79),$#$&-.'+ $") ',-0) ,#..-$
1)$)06&.):Y ()10,N 29 =A ; M:FF AL;KF @FM9 M>: 9HF LF:M>:C;?KFN
2? 1 ;?< +U 9HF:FM>:FU JF H;IF A=CL@FU K@F;: FW;CL@FAU ;?< =? 0 ;?< ) =?9F:CF
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
76/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
77/212
"#
!"#$% '()$*"( !+ "#$ !,-$*" .#/*# '%$ 0!" %$1$2'0" /0 "#$ 34(/*'1 ("%4*"4%$ ,4" .#/*# +!%3 /"(
*!0*%$"$ (4,("'0*$5 /"( 3'""$%5 '%$ 6%!4)$7 "!6$"#$% 407$% "#$ 0'3$ !+ !"#$#!%&$'(%'!8
9#$ 3!7$1 !+ "#$ %$1'"/!0(#/): ;'14$
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
78/212
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
79/212
""
"#$%&'%($)*+,- ./&0 ('10 '1& $2 +/*&(%/%3- 4!"#$%!&$ (!)*%+#!$+*,#- )*.+&!)
/0#&%+1$+*,#- 020%.0 +, %0)!$+*, $* $30 &*,&%0$0 /!$42- 53+&3 $0,/# $* *%.!,+60 +$#0)7 !%*4,/
$30#0 5+$3*4$- 3*50(0%- 0(0% "0+,. &*21)0$0)8 %0/4&0/ $* $30256 7889:6
;/*&(%/%3 &$ *$'1& 4#(>&/%(%& 10'>'1&(>/*&/1*52>$< .0'& .( 0('>- +('A/%3 &$ &0( )%A(>*&'%A/%3 $2 ' (/%36
1:9*%13*)*.+&!) &%+$0%+*, !,/ (!)406
G0( M'+)(NB0'>'1&(>/*&/1 >(+'&/$%*0/# *(((%&+, &$ 0'L( @((% &0$)30& )# @,
O6"6- *&'>&/%3 $)& 2>$< &0( % &>'A/&/$%'+ ( /& /* #>(*(%&(A /% '%
/A('+ .',- &0( G/(NO/&10 >(+'&/$%*0/#Q /%*&>)2(1& (?''1&(>/*&/1- '%A #/&10 /* &0( /A('+ L'+)(- '++$./%3 &0( '1&/$%6
K/30& /& @( #$**/@+( &$ (?#'%A $% &0( %$&/$% $2 L'+)(R '%A &$ .$%A(> .0(&0(> (L(>, 1>/&(>/$%
/% /&* $.% .', '+>('A, >(#>(*(%&* ' 1(>&'/% L'+)(- */%1( /& >(*)+&* 2>$< ' #>$1(** $2 '@*&>'1&/$%
@'*(A $% *$)%A $@S(1&*R
G0/* /* 0$. &0( ')&0$> &'1=+(* &0( 1$& $2
&0( #>$1(**6
: T)*& '* &0( 1>/&(>/$% /* ' 41%*10%$8 *7 $30 10%&0+(0/ #*4,/ *":0&$5 '%A (+'&/$% &$ '/&(>/' $> @)%A+(* $2 1>/&(>/'- .0/10
1$%*&/&)&( &0(*( 410%$+,0,$ &3!%!&$0%+#$+8
M'+)(* 4;+21*#0 $302#0)(0# +220/+!$0)8 *, 24#+&!) &*,#&+*4#,0##- $* $30 1*+,$ $3!$
$308 !110!% !# !"#*)4$0 1%*10%$+0# *7 *":0&$#< =, 7!&$- $308 *,)8 !110!% +7 &0%$!+, &*,/+$+*,#
!%0 74)7+))0/- +4!)+$8 *7 $30 *":0&$ 53+&3 /+/ ,*$
!"#$ +220/+!$0)8 +21*#0 +$#0)7 *, 10%&01$+*,< ?3*4.3$- 202*%8 !%0 ,0&0##!%8 $* +/0,$+78 +,
$3+# 5!8 $30 #!20 1%*10%$8 +, (0%8 /+770%0,$ &*,$0@$#/&(>/'- &0(>(2$>(-
8/10/2019 Michel Chion - Guide des Objets Sonores.pdf
80/212
"#
"!"# %& #'( )%%*+#%,* +-(./ +"#0 1,(&*2# #'( 3.+# #'.# . +/%#(/%,* +.* 4( %)(*#%3%() %*
5./%,"& &,"*) +,*#(6#& %78-9 . 8(/7.*(*+(:5./%.#%,* )%.-(+#%+ +,78./.4-( #, #'( ,*( ;'%+'
8/,)"+(& 5.-"(&0 %&*2# %# #'( 5./%.#%,* ,3 . ?%5(* +/%#(/%,* %* #'()"/.#%,* ,3 . &%*?-( ,4@(+# ;'%+' ?"%)(& "& %* ,"/ 8(/+(8#%,* ,3 %#0 #(78,/.- (*5(-,8(> .*) %# %&
;%#' /(3(/(*+( #, #'%& /"+#"/( #'.# +/%#(/%. ./( #'(* %)(*#%3%()> @" .& 5.-"(& ;(/( 8/(5%,"&-9
%)(*#%3%() %* /(-.#%,* #, #'( +,*#(6# ,3 . +,--(+#%,* ,3 ,4@(+#&B@ #&'(%
C, ;'%-( #'(9 &(-),7 .88(./ %* #/.)%#%,*.- 7"&%+> ./( *(5(/#'(-(&& #'( /"-(B #&'(J&'K%0
29, .429+< 6+,8 *+2 3+*3,.5 918 G,+< 29, G.
6183+*21*4+48 61>>, 3 4"# ,*( #'.# %& *, -,*?(/
8(/+(%5() &8,*#.*(,"&-9 HIJ K# +.**,# 4( #/.*&8,&() %*#, 7"&%+ .& %# %&D B'( /(-.#%,*&'%8
C7,)"-(:+/%#(/%,*2 %& #'(/(3,/( %*3%*%#(-9 7,/( 3/.?%-( .*) "*.4-( #'.* #'( 3,/7"-.
A.-"(:G'./.+#(/%%+D< #&'N%
)2 18 *+2 ,*+4=9 2+ .22,IG2 3.517 =
8/10/2019 Miche