Master of Business Administration

MBA Semester IV

MI0041 – Java and Web Design

Q.1. Explain the browser components and its features.

Ans.

Browser components

Now let us learn the architecture of a Web browser with the help of reference

architecture. This reference architecture is the basic architecture for Web browsers and

helps you to easily understand the various components that exist in the Web browser.

Figure 1.1: Main Components of Browser

As shown in the figure 1.1 the Web browser consists of seven main components, each

having a specific task to perform and they are:

· User interface: It consists of an address bar where you can enter the URL, bookmark

menu to save the links of your favourite Web pages, back/forward button to navigate to

the previous Web page/next Web page, and so on.

· Browser engine: It is the interface through which you can ask questions to the

browser and manipulate the rendering engine. It also sets the layout of a Web page

formatted with HTML tags within a browser.

· Rendering engine: It is displays the content you had requested, after obtaining it from

the respective Web server.

· Networking: It is used for calling the network for example, raising an HTTP request

for a URL connection through the server.

· Display backend: It provides drawing tools, user interface widgets, and fonts that help

to display text and graphics.

· Javascript interpreter: It is used to parse and execute the codes of written using the

Java script (refer Unit 6).

· Data storage: This enables the browser to save all the data on the hard disk and acts

as the database of the browser.

Features of browser

Now that we have learnt about the components of a browser, let us now study some of

the most important features of a browser. The figure 1.2 shows the screen shot of the

Microsoft’s Internet Explorer Web browser. The arrows point to the features that are

available on the Web browser along with the name of the corresponding feature

mentioned at the other end of the arrow.

Figure 1.2: Web Browser and its Features

From the figure 1.2 you can see some of the features that are present as icons or

buttons on a Web browser. If you do not find it as a button you can find the same in one

of the menus provided in the menu bar. Let us now briefly discuss the features that are

mentioned in the figure 1.2:

· Address field: This is the area on the browser window where you enter the Web page

address or URL. At the right end of this area, there is a small arrow pointing towards the

menu bar, when you click this arrow you will view a list of some of the Websites that you

have visited recently. When you click on these URLs you will view the respective

Website or else you can directly enter the address in the address field. After you enter

the address you can either press "Enter" or click on the "Go" button (which is present

next to the downward facing arrow button in some browsers).

· Back and forward buttons: The back button is used to go back to the previous page

that you have opened in a particular browser window. The forward button allows you to

view pages that you have previously viewed in that browser window. In some browsers,

there is a small arrow pointing towards the menu bar arrow right next to these buttons,

when you click this arrow you will see the list of Websites that you have visited after

opening the browser window.

· Home button: When you click this button you will be able to view the page that you

have set as home page. A home page is a default page that opens when you open the

browser window.

· Menu bar: A menu bar is a part of each browser window, it contains menus like File,

Edit, View, Favourites or Bookmarks, Tools and Help.

· Refresh or reload: When you click the refresh or reload button, the page is updated.

For example, if you think that the contents of a browser window may have changed

since the last time you viewed it, you can click this button to update the page.

· Security indicators: At the left corner of the window, a lock icon appears when you

use a browser and this is called padlock. If the padlock is in a lock position then you can

say that your server connection is secure, i.e. the data being sent and received by the

server is encrypted. This indicates that nobody else can access this data. There is

another way to find out whether your browser is secure or not and that is done by

looking at the URL. If the URL of your Website begins with "https://" for example, you

enter an address "www.gofind.com" in the address field and press enter or click "Go"

then automatically the address changes to "https://www.gofind.com" indicating that your

browser connection is secure.

· Status bar: This is a bar at the bottom of the browser window which indicates the URL

of the Web page currently being loaded into the browser window. It also displays the

URL of the link on which the cursor of your mouse is placed. While loading, the Web

page shows a progress indicator which shows how much percentage of a file has been

downloaded.

· Stop button: This button is used to stop the browser from loading the Web page on to

the browsing window.

Q.2. Describe in detail the building of webpage.

Ans.

Building a Web Page

We understood the basic concepts of HTML. Now let us study how to organise the

content on a Web page. Building a Web page involves great planning and design.

Before you design the Web page it is very important to plan the structure of the Web

page and also decide the kind of content that you insert in to the Web page.

Q.3.How to use forms? Explain with an example.

Ans

 Using a Form

We have learnt about multimedia files and how to insert multimedia files on the Web

page. Let us now discuss about HTML forms. You might have signed up to Gmail,

Yahoo! or any of the other online communities. When you visit the page, it asks you to

fill and submit an online form. We can use the HTML tags to create such forms on Web

page. Usually, forms contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons,

submit buttons and so on.

Q.4.Give an example for cascade style sheets and explain editing with cascade

style sheets in detail.

Ans.

Web Page Editing with CSS

In the previous section, we studied about the benefits of CSS and also the methods by

which you can apply CSS to HTML documents. In this section we will learn some simple

techniques to format your HTML document using CSS.

Now, before discussing about the text formatting let us discuss how you can create

styles in a style sheet and incorporate it in the HTML document. This is achieved using

the CSS class selector. So, what is this CSS class selector? The class selector is used

to specify a style for a group of HTML elements (refer to Unit 2 for HTML elements).

Using this you can specify a particular style for any HTML element. Below is an

example that helps you understand how to use the class selector.

Q.5. Describe the working of search engine. What are the different types of search

engine? Explain with its application.

Ans.

Working of a Search Engine

You have now learnt the meaning and origin of a search engine. Let us now study about

the working of a search engine.

Q.6.List the benefits and drawbacks of Lamp stack.

Ans.

Benefits and drawbacks of LAMP stack

Now that you have understood how the LAMP stack originated, we will now discuss the

benefits of LAMP stack that has made it popular.

Assignment Set- 2

Q.1 Give one example each for the following and explain the uses

1. Web Design Tools, 2. HTML Editors, 3. Adobe Photoshop, 4. Adobe Flash, & 5.

Firebug Browser

1. Web Design Tools: Design for the Web is one of the most significant areas that are

emerging in the development of websites. Web design refers to the task of developing a

Web page or the user interface of the Web page. The design of a Web page acts as a

medium between people and information. The major intention of Web design is in the

development of attractive Web pages that reside on Web servers. Web design tools

concentrates more on the presentation of contents using hypertext, images, videos, and

so on.

There are various tools available today that help us develop and design Web pages. We

can term these as design tools. Design tools help us to design attractive Web pages

easily and quickly. Some of the popular Web design tools are as follows:

HTML Editors.

Adobe Photoshop.

Adobe Flash.

Firebug Browser.

2. HTML Editors: HTML editor refers to a software application that we can use to

create Web pages. It provides us with various tools that are required to design a

Website. Even though the HTML files can be written using any text editor such as

notepad or textpad, specialised HTML editors can provide convenience and additional

functionalities. It not only offers support to work with HTML tags but also provides

support to work with technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Extensible

Mark-up Language (XML) and JavaScript. They even help us to handle the interactions

that happen with remote Web server through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Web-

based Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV). HTML Editor is useful as we

need not have to type or remember all the HTML tags. We can say that it is just like the

word processor where we type the content and apply the required formats. We can see

the HTML source as well as view how the Webpage would look like when viewed on the

Web browser, by switching to the display format.

3. Adobe Photoshop: Adobe Photoshop is a software application package useful in

editing images and is considered as an important tool for Web designing. It is an

excellent tool to create attractive Websites. Photoshop can read and write raster and

vector image formats. For example, gif, jpeg and png. An image in raster format is

described in a table of pixels, where each pixel has a specific color.

Adobe Photoshop is considered as an image editing tool for Web design as it

useful in the following ways:

1. It helps you to tune your art work to the design of your a Web page on your

Website.

2. It can be used to add graphics to your videos that you might have uploaded on

your Website.

3. It helps to create different types of web banners and buttons that would enhance

the look of your Website.

4. It also helps us to turn an image or photograph look like a work of art, that is, to

look like a painting.

5. It can be used to create a rollover effect to the images or button on your Web

pages easily without writing any code by just adding different behaviors to

different images or buttons. Here, by rollover effect we mean that we can make a

particular area of an image to change when you click or move the mouse over an

image.

4. Adobe Flash: Adobe Flash is a multimedia graphics program that is used to create

interactive Web pages, videos and animations. It can be embedded inside any HTML

program to create interactive Web pages. Other than being used for creating interactive

Web pages it is also widely used in games and advertisements.

Adobe Flash helps you to create interactive videos on the Web. It uses vector graphics.

Here, vector graphics refers to graphics that can be scaled to any size of our choice

without any loss in quality or clarity. We need not have any kind of programming

knowledge to use this software as it is very easy to learn. It captures user input through

keyboard, mouse, microphone and camera.

We will now look into some of the uses of Adobe Flash. Some of the uses of

Adobe Flash are as follows:

1. It helps us to load Flash movies at a faster pace when compared to animated

GIF's. This is because animated GIF's includes numerous images saved in one

image. Thus when a Web browser loads such an image, the browser may need

to load all the frames of the image before display. Therefore, it takes longer time

for a GIF image to load.

2. It helps to create simple animations and buttons quickly and easily.

3. It supports interactivity. Thus, it helps us to control animations using Flash

software. For example, we can begin animating an image after the user clicks on

a button.

4. It is possible to embed the animations created using Flash into a Web page.

5. It is mostly used in the creation of vector based animations and helps in reducing

the file sizes. Reduction in the file size helps to quickly download and play

movies on the Web pages.

5. Firebug Browser: Firebug is also an excellent Web development tool, which is an

add-on for Mozilla Firefox. It provides us with various tools to inspect, edit, and debug

Web pages. This add-on provides us a tabbed interface that facilitates us to edit as well

as debug HTML, CSS and JavaScript codes in any Web page. It also offers DOM

(Document Object Model) inspection and appraisal related to the performance of

Websites.

Some of the uses of Firebug Browser are as follows:

1. It is very easy to learn the tool as it is user friendly. It also provides you the

facility to open the Firebug window within your Web browser, as you saw in

Figure 10.1, or as a separate window.

2. It lets us examine and edit the HTML tags. Whenever there is any change in the

HTML code the Firebug highlights the modifications made in yellow.

3. It even lets you make modifications to the code and see the output of the change

instantly.

Q.2 Write a Java program to demonstrate the use of control statements (all three

statements’) in Java.

Ans.

We know that a program is a collection of statements that are carried out to accomplish

a task which was decided in advance. And, in a program, normally the statements are

executed in sequential order, which is called sequential execution or sequential control

flow.

Q.3 What are the difference types of inheritance in Java? Explain the relationship

between interfaces and inheritances.

Ans. We can define inheritance as the process of inheriting features of one object by

another. If we use inheritance, we can easily manage the information about the objects.

A super class and its subclasses have an in-a relationship. We can define such

relationship using Java inheritance. It means that you can use an object of a subclass

(sometimes it is called as).

Q.4 How do you handle exceptions in Java?

Answer: A Java exception is nothing but an object that defines an exceptional

condition, or an error that has occurred in a piece of code. In Java, we can handle this

exception by creating an object that represents the exception, and throwing that object

into the method that triggered the error. The method may handle the exception by itself

or pass on the exception to another method to handle it. In either of the ways, the

exception is caught and processed at some point.

Q.5 Write a small snippet in which the program uses POST method to accept the

keywords to accomplish the task. Also suggest the alternative method to perform

this task and its benefits

Answer: The working of servlets begins when the client or the users Web browser

passes a request to the server. The browser uses the HTTP protocol GET method or

POST method to pass a request to the server. For example, we can invoke a servlet

when we click on the submit button of a form, or by clicking on a hyperlink that is

present in a Web page. Once the servlet processes the request, the client or the Web

browser gets the output in the form of a HTML page. We have noted that the request

made by the client or the Web browser consists of few components.